1
|
Nordholm AC, Søborg B, Jokelainen P, Lauenborg Møller K, Flink Sørensen L, Grove Krause T, Anker Uldum S, Emborg HD. Mycoplasma pneumoniae epidemic in Denmark, October to December, 2023. Euro Surveill 2024; 29:2300707. [PMID: 38214084 PMCID: PMC10785206 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2024.29.2.2300707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
We report a surge of patients, especially children and adolescents, with respiratory disease caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Denmark since October 2023. While the surge has reached an epidemic level, no impact on hospital capacity has been observed; only 14% (446/3,195) of cases, primarily adults, required hospitalisation. Macrolide resistance was detected in less than 2% of samples tested. Timely monitoring of hospitalisations linked to M. pneumoniae infections has been established to inform the healthcare system, decisionmakers and the public.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Christine Nordholm
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bolette Søborg
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pikka Jokelainen
- Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Tyra Grove Krause
- Epidemiological Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Anker Uldum
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne-Dorthe Emborg
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Meyer Sauteur PM, Beeton ML, Uldum SA, Bossuyt N, Vermeulen M, Loens K, Pereyre S, Bébéar C, Keše D, Day J, Afshar B, Chalker VJ, Greub G, Nir-Paz R, Dumke R. Mycoplasma pneumoniae detections before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: results of a global survey, 2017 to 2021. EURO SURVEILLANCE : BULLETIN EUROPEEN SUR LES MALADIES TRANSMISSIBLES = EUROPEAN COMMUNICABLE DISEASE BULLETIN 2022; 27. [PMID: 35551702 PMCID: PMC9101966 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.19.2100746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory infections are transmitted by aerosol and droplets in close contact. Aim We investigated global M. pneumoniae incidence after implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) against COVID-19 in March 2020. Methods We surveyed M. pneumoniae detections from laboratories and surveillance systems (national or regional) across the world from 1 April 2020 to 31 March 2021 and compared them with cases from corresponding months between 2017 and 2020. Macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae (MRMp) data were collected from 1 April 2017 to 31 March 2021. Results Thirty-seven sites from 21 countries in Europe, Asia, America and Oceania submitted valid datasets (631,104 tests). Among the 30,617 M. pneumoniae detections, 62.39% were based on direct test methods (predominantly PCR), 34.24% on a combination of PCR and serology (no distinction between methods) and 3.37% on serology alone (only IgM considered). In all countries, M. pneumoniae incidence by direct test methods declined significantly after implementation of NPIs with a mean of 1.69% (SD ± 3.30) compared with 8.61% (SD ± 10.62) in previous years (p < 0.01). Detection rates decreased with direct but not with indirect test methods (serology) (–93.51% vs + 18.08%; p < 0.01). Direct detections remained low worldwide throughout April 2020 to March 2021 despite widely differing lockdown or school closure periods. Seven sites (Europe, Asia and America) reported MRMp detections in one of 22 investigated cases in April 2020 to March 2021 and 176 of 762 (23.10%) in previous years (p = 0.04). Conclusions This comprehensive collection of M. pneumoniae detections worldwide shows correlation between COVID-19 NPIs and significantly reduced detection numbers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Meyer Sauteur
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael L Beeton
- Microbiology and Infection Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Søren A Uldum
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nathalie Bossuyt
- Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Katherine Loens
- Department of Microbiology, National Reference Centre for Respiratory Pathogens, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sabine Pereyre
- UMR CNRS 5234, Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cécile Bébéar
- UMR CNRS 5234, Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Darja Keše
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jessica Day
- Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Gilbert Greub
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ran Nir-Paz
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Roger Dumke
- TU Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Dresden, Germany
| | -
- European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group for Mycoplasma and Chlamydia Infections (ESGMAC) "Mycoplasma pneumoniae detections before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (MyCOVID)" Study Team members are listed under collaborators
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ma Y, Wu C, Yang W, Gao Z, Chen L. DNA hybridization-induced fluorescence variation in ThT: a new strategy of developing aqueous sensors for MO genes. Analyst 2022; 147:1631-1640. [DOI: 10.1039/d1an02301b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
MOFs-based sensors for detecting the Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (MO) using binding-induced dynamic DNA assembly exhibits perfect selectivity, low detection limitation and wide linear range not only in buffer, but also in natural complex media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunkang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; Key Laboratory of Ecochemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Chenhui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; Key Laboratory of Ecochemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; Key Laboratory of Ecochemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Zhigang Gao
- Xinbao agricultural Science and Technology Development Co. Ltd, Wujiaqu, Xinjiang 831300, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; Key Laboratory of Ecochemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
- Xinbao agricultural Science and Technology Development Co. Ltd, Wujiaqu, Xinjiang 831300, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Beeton ML, Zhang XS, Uldum SA, Bébéar C, Dumke R, Gullsby K, Ieven M, Loens K, Nir-Paz R, Pereyre S, Spiller OB, Chalker VJ. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections, 11 countries in Europe and Israel, 2011 to 2016. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25. [PMID: 31964459 PMCID: PMC6976882 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.2.1900112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundMycoplasma pneumoniae is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia, with large epidemics previously described to occur every 4 to 7 years.AimTo better understand the diagnostic methods used to detect M. pneumoniae; to better understand M. pneumoniae testing and surveillance in use; to identify epidemics; to determine detection number per age group, age demographics for positive detections, concurrence of epidemics and annual peaks across geographical areas; and to determine the effect of geographical location on the timing of epidemics.MethodsA questionnaire was sent in May 2016 to Mycoplasma experts with national or regional responsibility within the ESCMID Study Group for Mycoplasma and Chlamydia Infections in 17 countries across Europe and Israel, retrospectively requesting details on M. pneumoniae-positive samples from January 2011 to April 2016. The Moving Epidemic Method was used to determine epidemic periods and effect of country latitude across the countries for the five periods under investigation.ResultsRepresentatives from 12 countries provided data on M. pneumoniae infections, accounting for 95,666 positive samples. Two laboratories initiated routine macrolide resistance testing since 2013. Between 2011 and 2016, three epidemics were identified: 2011/12, 2014/15 and 2015/16. The distribution of patient ages for M. pneumoniae-positive samples showed three patterns. During epidemic years, an association between country latitude and calendar week when epidemic periods began was noted.ConclusionsAn association between epidemics and latitude was observed. Differences were noted in the age distribution of positive cases and detection methods used and practice. A lack of macrolide resistance monitoring was noted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Beeton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Søren A Uldum
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cécile Bébéar
- USC-EA 3671, Mycoplasmal and Chlamydia Infections in Humans, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Karolina Gullsby
- Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University/Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden
| | | | | | - Ran Nir-Paz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sabine Pereyre
- USC-EA 3671, Mycoplasmal and Chlamydia Infections in Humans, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - O Brad Spiller
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | -
- ESCMID Study Group for Mycoplasma and Chlamydia Infections (ESGMAC) Mycoplasma pneumoniae subgroup members are listed at the end of the article
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu L, Ye M, Qin X, Liu Y, Lv Z, Zheng R. Diagnostic value of quantitative MP-IgG for Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in adults. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 503:76-83. [PMID: 31926153 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The passive particle agglutination (PA) test, once widely used for Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) antibody detection, has gradually been replaced by quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). However, the lack of diagnostic criteria for quantitative ELISA M. pneumoniae-IgG (MP-IgG) and the low positive rates of ELISA M. pneumoniae-IgM (MP-IgM) limit the diagnostic value of ELISA for M. pneumoniae infection in adults. Here, the diagnostic value of quantitative ELISA MP-IgG was evaluated in adults with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). The serum M. pneumoniae antibodies were detected in 162 patients with MPP, 228 patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) with non-Mycoplasma pneumoniae (NMP), and 162 healthy controls by ELISA, using the PA results as the reference standards. For the MP-IgM-/IgG+ subgroup, a single serum MP-IgG level of ≥92.67 RU/mL can be used as a reference criterion for the diagnosis of acute M. pneumoniae infection. At admission, for patients with CAP, the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA MP-IgM positivity for MPP were 18.51% and 99.56%, respectively. MP-IgM positivity combined with MP-IgG ≥ 92.67 RU/mL increased the sensitivity to 40.12% and decreased the specificity to 94.29%. For paired serum samples obtained within seven days, an ELISA MP-IgG concentration change of ≥1.48-fold and MP-IgG ≥ 92.67 RU/mL on day 7 were used as the diagnostic criteria for M. pneumoniae infection. Accordingly, the combination of qualitative MP-IgM detection and quantitative MP-IgG detection by ELISA is valuable for acute MPP diagnosis in adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Maosheng Ye
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xiaosong Qin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Zhe Lv
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a major cause of community-acquired upper and lower respiratory infections in school-age children; however, there is increasing recognition that younger children are also affected. Clinical manifestations vary from asymptomatic, to severe complicated pneumonia sometimes with extrapulmonary manifestations. METHODS We reviewed the medical records of all MP positive pediatric patients admitted to the Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center. MP positive case was defined if MP polymerase chain reaction was positive from an oropharyngeal swab sent from 2007 to 2017. RESULTS During the study period, we identified 353 MP positive pediatric cases, of which 51.3% (181 of 353) were younger than 6 years old. Full clinical data were available for 332 of 353 (94%). The median age was 5.7 years (range, 3 weeks to 18 years). Disease presentation differed between younger and older children. Children older than 6 years were more likely to have chest radiograph confirmed pneumonia (66% vs. 52%; P = 0.009), while younger children were more likely to have other respiratory manifestations (37% vs. 25%; P = 0.017). The duration of hospitalization and pediatric intensive care unit admission rate, however, did not differ between age groups. The rate of extrapulmonary manifestations were also similar. CONCLUSIONS MP-associated infection is a significant cause of hospitalization in the pediatric population including younger children (<6 years old). However, the clinical presentation in younger age is less typical than is thought. These findings should prompt clinicians to consider MP infections also in children younger than 6 admitted with fever even without pneumonia.
Collapse
|