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Boraldi F, Lofaro FD, Bergamini G, Ferrari A, Malagoli D. Pomacea canaliculata Ampullar Proteome: A Nematode-Based Bio-Pesticide Induces Changes in Metabolic and Stress-Related Pathways. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1049. [PMID: 34681148 PMCID: PMC8533556 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pomacea canaliculata is a freshwater gastropod known for being both a highly invasive species and one of the possible intermediate hosts of the mammalian parasite Angiostrongylus cantonensis. With the aim of providing new information concerning P. canaliculata biology and adaptability, the first proteome of the ampulla, i.e., a small organ associated with the circulatory system and known as a reservoir of nitrogen-containing compounds, was obtained. The ampullar proteome was derived from ampullae of control snails or after exposure to a nematode-based molluscicide, known for killing snails in a dose- and temperature-dependent fashion. Proteome analysis revealed that the composition of connective ampulla walls, cell metabolism and oxidative stress response were affected by the bio-pesticide. Ultrastructural investigations have highlighted the presence of rhogocytes within the ampullar walls, as it has been reported for other organs containing nitrogen storage tissue. Collected data suggested that the ampulla may belong to a network of organs involved in controlling and facing oxidative stress in different situations. The response against the nematode-based molluscicide recalled the response set up during early arousal after aestivation and hibernation, thus encouraging the hypothesis that metabolic pathways and antioxidant defences promoting amphibiousness could also prove useful in facing other challenges stimulating an oxidative stress response, e.g., immune challenges or biocide exposure. Targeting the oxidative stress resistance of P. canaliculata may prove helpful for increasing its susceptibility to bio-pesticides and may help the sustainable control of this pest's diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Boraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.D.L.); (A.F.)
| | - Francesco Demetrio Lofaro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.D.L.); (A.F.)
| | - Giulia Bergamini
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Agnese Ferrari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.D.L.); (A.F.)
| | - Davide Malagoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.D.L.); (A.F.)
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Giglio ML, Ituarte S, Milesi V, Dreon MS, Brola TR, Caramelo J, Ip JCH, Maté S, Qiu JW, Otero LH, Heras H. Exaptation of two ancient immune proteins into a new dimeric pore-forming toxin in snails. J Struct Biol 2020; 211:107531. [PMID: 32446810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Membrane Attack Complex-Perforin (MACPF) family is ubiquitously found in all kingdoms. They have diverse cellular roles, however MACPFs with pore-forming toxic function in venoms and poisons are very rare in animals. Here we present the structure of PmPV2, a MACPF toxin from the poisonous apple snail eggs, that can affect the digestive and nervous systems of potential predators. We report the three-dimensional structure of PmPV2, at 17.2 Å resolution determined by negative-stain electron microscopy and its solution structure by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). We found that PV2s differ from nearly all MACPFs in two respects: it is a dimer in solution and protomers combine two immune proteins into an AB toxin. The MACPF chain is linked by a single disulfide bond to a tachylectin chain, and two heterodimers are arranged head-to-tail by non-covalent forces in the native protein. MACPF domain is fused with a putative new Ct-accessory domain exclusive to invertebrates. The tachylectin is a six-bladed β-propeller, similar to animal tectonins. We experimentally validated the predicted functions of both subunits and demonstrated for the first time that PV2s are true pore-forming toxins. The tachylectin "B" delivery subunit would bind to target membranes, and then the MACPF "A" toxic subunit would disrupt lipid bilayers forming large pores altering the plasma membrane conductance. These results indicate that PV2s toxicity evolved by linking two immune proteins where their combined preexisting functions gave rise to a new toxic entity with a novel role in defense against predation. This structure is an unparalleled example of protein exaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Giglio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner", INIBIOLP, CONICET CCT La Plata - Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas,1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - S Ituarte
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner", INIBIOLP, CONICET CCT La Plata - Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas,1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - V Milesi
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos, IIFP CONICET CCT La Plata - UNLP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - M S Dreon
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner", INIBIOLP, CONICET CCT La Plata - Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas,1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - T R Brola
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner", INIBIOLP, CONICET CCT La Plata - Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas,1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - J Caramelo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, IIBBA, CONICET - Fundación Instituto Leloir, Av Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J C H Ip
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - S Maté
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner", INIBIOLP, CONICET CCT La Plata - Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas,1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - J W Qiu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - L H Otero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, IIBBA, CONICET - Fundación Instituto Leloir, Av Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina; Plataforma Argentina de Biología Estructural y Metabolómica PLABEM, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - H Heras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner", INIBIOLP, CONICET CCT La Plata - Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas,1900 La Plata, Argentina; Cátedra de Química Biologica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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Klein AH, Ballard KR, Storey KB, Motti CA, Zhao M, Cummins SF. Multi-omics investigations within the Phylum Mollusca, Class Gastropoda: from ecological application to breakthrough phylogenomic studies. Brief Funct Genomics 2020; 18:377-394. [PMID: 31609407 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elz017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastropods are the largest and most diverse class of mollusc and include species that are well studied within the areas of taxonomy, aquaculture, biomineralization, ecology, microbiome and health. Gastropod research has been expanding since the mid-2000s, largely due to large-scale data integration from next-generation sequencing and mass spectrometry in which transcripts, proteins and metabolites can be readily explored systematically. Correspondingly, the huge data added a great deal of complexity for data organization, visualization and interpretation. Here, we reviewed the recent advances involving gastropod omics ('gastropodomics') research from hundreds of publications and online genomics databases. By summarizing the current publicly available data, we present an insight for the design of useful data integrating tools and strategies for comparative omics studies in the future. Additionally, we discuss the future of omics applications in aquaculture, natural pharmaceutical biodiscovery and pest management, as well as to monitor the impact of environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne H Klein
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia
| | - Kaylene R Ballard
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry & Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Cherie A Motti
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Cape Ferguson, Townsville Queensland 4810, Australia
| | - Min Zhao
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia
| | - Scott F Cummins
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia
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Ituarte S, Brola TR, Dreon MS, Sun J, Qiu JW, Heras H. Non-digestible proteins and protease inhibitors: implications for defense of the colored eggs of the freshwater apple snailPomacea canaliculata. CAN J ZOOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2018-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Apple snails (Pomacea Perry, 1810) are successful invaders that cause ecological perturbations, economic losses, and medical issues. A peculiar trait of this snail is a high biological potential, related to the absence of predators of their eggs. Eggs show protease inhibitor (PI) activity, originally ascribed to PcOvo perivitellin in the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822) but absent in PmPV1, the orthologoue of PcOvo, in eggs of the apple snail Pomacea maculata Perry, 1810. As egg fluid diminishes rat growth rate, an antidigestive effect, similar to plant defenses against herbivory, was hypothesized. However, PI activity has not been characterized in apple snail eggs. Here we identify and partially characterize P. canaliculata egg PI and improve our knowledge of the quaternary structure and evolution of PcOvo. Through N-terminal, transcriptomic or proteomic sequencing, and biochemical validation, we identified a Kunitz-type and a Kazal-type inhibitor that, though at low concentration in the egg, exhibit strong PI activity against trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, and subtilisin. Additionally, we report three new subunits for the non-digestible storage protein PcOvo. They are likely products of ancient gene duplication, as their sequences exhibit moderate similarity (30%). To our knowledge, this is the first report of Kazal-type inhibition among invertebrate eggs. Inhibiting varied proteases, PI seems an efficient adaptive trait that limits predator’s capacity to digest egg nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Ituarte
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata – CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Tabata Romina Brola
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata – CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marcos Sebastián Dreon
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata – CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
| | - Jin Sun
- Division of life science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Wen Qiu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Horacio Heras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata – CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
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Pasquevich MY, Dreon MS, Qiu JW, Mu H, Heras H. Convergent evolution of plant and animal embryo defences by hyperstable non-digestible storage proteins. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15848. [PMID: 29158565 PMCID: PMC5696525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved sophisticated embryo defences by kinetically-stable non-digestible storage proteins that lower the nutritional value of seeds, a strategy that have not been reported in animals. To further understand antinutritive defences in animals, we analysed PmPV1, massively accumulated in the eggs of the gastropod Pomacea maculata, focusing on how its structure and structural stability features affected its capacity to withstand passage through predator guts. The native protein withstands >50 min boiling and resists the denaturing detergent sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), indicating an unusually high structural stability (i.e., kinetic stability). PmPV1 is highly resistant to in vitro proteinase digestion and displays structural stability between pH 2.0-12.0 and 25-85 °C. Furthermore, PmPV1 withstands in vitro and mice digestion and is recovered unchanged in faeces, supporting an antinutritive defensive function. Subunit sequence similarities suggest a common origin and tolerance to mutations. This is the first known animal genus that, like plant seeds, lowers the nutritional value of eggs by kinetically-stable non-digestible storage proteins that survive the gut of predators unaffected. The selective pressure of the harsh gastrointestinal environment would have favoured their appearance, extending by convergent evolution the presence of plant-like hyperstable antinutritive proteins to unattended reproductive stages in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Yanina Pasquevich
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET CCT-La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.,Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNLP, Argentina
| | - Marcos Sebastián Dreon
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET CCT-La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.,Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNLP, Argentina
| | - Jian-Wen Qiu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Huawei Mu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Horacio Heras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET CCT-La Plata, La Plata, Argentina. .,Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP, Argentina.
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Mu H, Sun J, Heras H, Chu KH, Qiu JW. An integrated proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of perivitelline fluid proteins in a freshwater gastropod laying aerial eggs. J Proteomics 2017; 155:22-30. [PMID: 28095328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Proteins of the egg perivitelline fluid (PVF) that surrounds the embryo are critical for embryonic development in many animals, but little is known about their identities. Using an integrated proteomic and transcriptomic approach, we identified 64 proteins from the PVF of Pomacea maculata, a freshwater snail adopting aerial oviposition. Proteins were classified into eight functional groups: major multifunctional perivitellin subunits, immune response, energy metabolism, protein degradation, oxidation-reduction, signaling and binding, transcription and translation, and others. Comparison of gene expression levels between tissues showed that 22 PVF genes were exclusively expressed in albumen gland, the female organ that secretes PVF. Base substitution analysis of PVF and housekeeping genes between P. maculata and its closely related species Pomacea canaliculata showed that the reproductive proteins had a higher mean evolutionary rate. Predicted 3D structures of selected PVF proteins showed that some nonsynonymous substitutions are located at or near the binding regions that may affect protein function. The proteome and sequence divergence analysis revealed a substantial amount of maternal investment in embryonic nutrition and defense, and higher adaptive selective pressure on PVF protein-coding genes when compared with housekeeping genes, providing insight into the adaptations associated with the unusual reproductive strategy in these mollusks. SIGNIFICANCE There has been great interest in studying reproduction-related proteins as such studies may not only answer fundamental questions about speciation and evolution, but also solve practical problems of animal infertility and pest outbreak. Our study has demonstrated the effectiveness of an integrated proteomic and transcriptomic approach in understanding the heavy maternal investment of proteins in the eggs of a non-model snail, and how the reproductive proteins may have evolved during the transition from laying underwater eggs to aerial eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Mu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Horacio Heras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)-CONICET CCT-La Plata, La Plata, Argentina; Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP, Argentina
| | - Ka Hou Chu
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian-Wen Qiu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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