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Everaert K, Holm-Larsen T, Bou Kheir G, Rottey S, Weiss JP, Vande Walle J, Kabarriti AE, Dossche L, Hervé F, Spinoit AF, Nørgaard JP, Juul KV. Potential clinical applications of current and future oral forms of desmopressin (Review). Exp Ther Med 2024; 28:303. [PMID: 38873038 PMCID: PMC11170333 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Desmopressin is a synthetic analogue of vasopressin and a selective vasopressin receptor 2 agonist. It was first synthesised in 1967 and utilised for its antidiuretic properties. It is also used in bleeding disorders to enhance clotting. Other potential uses of the drug have been reported. The present review aims to provide a broad overview of the literature on potential further uses of oral forms of desmopressin. Key therapeutic areas of interest were identified based on known physiological activities/targets of desmopressin or reports of an effect of desmopressin in the literature. The feasibility of adequate dosing with oral forms of the drug was also considered. Systematic literature searches were carried out using the silvi.ai software for the identified areas, and summaries of available papers were included in tables and discussed. The results of the searches showed that desmopressin has been investigated for its efficacy in a number of areas, including bleeding control, renal colic, the central nervous system and oncology. Evidence suggests that oral desmopressin may have the potential to be of clinical benefit for renal colic and bleeding control in particular. However, further research is needed to clarify its effect in these areas, including randomised controlled studies and studies specifically of oral formulations (and doses). Further research may also yield findings for cancer, cognition and overactive bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Everaert
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tove Holm-Larsen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - George Bou Kheir
- Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Rottey
- Drug Research Unit and Department of Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeffrey P. Weiss
- Department of Urology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, New York City, NY 11203, USA
| | - Johan Vande Walle
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Abdo E. Kabarriti
- Department of Urology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, New York City, NY 11203, USA
| | - Lien Dossche
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - François Hervé
- Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne-Françoise Spinoit
- Department of Pediatric & Reconstructive Urology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jens Peter Nørgaard
- Research & Development, Ferring Pharmaceuticals A/S, Ferring International PharmaScience Center, 2770 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Vinter Juul
- Research & Development, Ferring Pharmaceuticals A/S, Ferring International PharmaScience Center, 2770 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Cid-Jofré V, Moreno M, Reyes-Parada M, Renard GM. Role of Oxytocin and Vasopressin in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Therapeutic Potential of Agonists and Antagonists. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112077. [PMID: 34769501 PMCID: PMC8584779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) are hypothalamic neuropeptides classically associated with their regulatory role in reproduction, water homeostasis, and social behaviors. Interestingly, this role has expanded in recent years and has positioned these neuropeptides as therapeutic targets for various neuropsychiatric diseases such as autism, addiction, schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety disorders. Due to the chemical-physical characteristics of these neuropeptides including short half-life, poor blood-brain barrier penetration, promiscuity for AVP and OT receptors (AVP-R, OT-R), novel ligands have been developed in recent decades. This review summarizes the role of OT and AVP in neuropsychiatric conditions, as well as the findings of different OT-R and AVP-R agonists and antagonists, used both at the preclinical and clinical level. Furthermore, we discuss their possible therapeutic potential for central nervous system (CNS) disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeska Cid-Jofré
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica y Aplicada (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170022, Chile; (V.C.-J.); (M.M.)
| | - Macarena Moreno
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica y Aplicada (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170022, Chile; (V.C.-J.); (M.M.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Bernardo OHiggins, Santiago 8370993, Chile
| | - Miguel Reyes-Parada
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica y Aplicada (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170022, Chile; (V.C.-J.); (M.M.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia 7500912, Chile
- Correspondence: (M.R.-P.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Georgina M. Renard
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica y Aplicada (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170022, Chile; (V.C.-J.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.-P.); (G.M.R.)
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Japundžić-Žigon N, Lozić M, Šarenac O, Murphy D. Vasopressin & Oxytocin in Control of the Cardiovascular System: An Updated Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:14-33. [PMID: 31544693 PMCID: PMC7327933 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666190717150501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) in 1953, considerable knowledge has been gathered about their roles in cardiovascular homeostasis. Unraveling VP vasoconstrictor properties and V1a receptors in blood vessels generated powerful hemostatic drugs and drugs effective in the treatment of certain forms of circulatory collapse (shock). Recognition of the key role of VP in water balance via renal V2 receptors gave birth to aquaretic drugs found to be useful in advanced stages of congestive heart failure. There are still unexplored actions of VP and OT on the cardiovascular system, both at the periphery and in the brain that may open new venues in treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After a brief overview on VP, OT and their peripheral action on the cardiovascular system, this review focuses on newly discovered hypothalamic mechanisms involved in neurogenic control of the circulation in stress and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maja Lozić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Šarenac
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - David Murphy
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Rawat A, Chaube R, Joy KP. In situ localization of vasotocin receptor gene transcripts in the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis of the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis: a morpho-functional study. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:885-905. [PMID: 30506436 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis, three vasotocin (VT) receptor subtype genes, v1a1, v1a2, and v2a, were cloned and characterized previously. In the present study, using RNA probes, we localized the distribution of the gene transcripts in the brain-pituitary-gonadal (BPG) axis. The V1a-type receptor, v1a1 and v1a2, genes showed similar and overlapping distribution in the brain. The gene paralogs are distributed in the radial glial cells (RGCs) of the telencephalic ventricle and around the third ventricle in the hypothalamus and thalamus, olfactory tract, nucleus preopticus, nucleus lateralis tuberis, nucleus recessus lateralis and posterioris, nucleus saccus vasculosi, thalamic nuclei, habenular nucleus, habenular commissure, basal part of pineal stalk, accessory pretectal nucleus, optic tectum, corpus and valvula of the cerebellum, and facial and vagal lobes. The V2a receptor gene (v2a) has restricted distribution and is largely confined to the anterior subependymal region of the telencephalon. The localization pattern shows that the V1a-type receptors are distributed in major sensorimotor processing centers and the neuroendocrine/reproductive centers of the brain. In the pituitary, the receptor genes were localized differentially in the three divisions with the V1a-type receptor genes strongly expressed in the rostral pars distalis compared to the v2a paralog. In the ovary, the V1a-type receptor genes were localized in the follicular layer while v2a was localized in the oocyte membrane. In the testis, v1a2 and v2a are densely distributed in the interstitial tissue and seminiferous epithelium but the v1a1 is lowly expressed. The results suggest that the VT receptor genes have an extensive but differential distribution in the BPG axis. Future experimental studies are required to correlate the cellular localizations with specific functions of VT in the BPG axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Rawat
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Radha Chaube
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Keerrikkattil P Joy
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, 682022, India.
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Song Z, Albers HE. Cross-talk among oxytocin and arginine-vasopressin receptors: Relevance for basic and clinical studies of the brain and periphery. Front Neuroendocrinol 2018; 51:14-24. [PMID: 29054552 PMCID: PMC5906207 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) act in the brain to regulate social cognition/social behavior and in the periphery to influence a variety of physiological processes. Although the chemical structures of OT and AVP as well as their receptors are quite similar, OT and AVP can have distinct or even opposing actions. Here, we review the increasing body of evidence that exogenously administered and endogenously released OT and AVP can activate each other's canonical receptors (i.e., cross-talk) and examine the possibility that receptor cross-talk following the synaptic and non-synaptic release of OT and AVP contributes to their distinct roles in the brain and periphery. Understanding the consequences of cross-talk between OT and AVP receptors will be important in identifying how these peptides control social cognition and behavior and for the development of drugs to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Song
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - H Elliott Albers
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA.
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Alles J, Hasler D, Kazmi SMA, Tesson M, Hamilton A, Schlegel L, Marx S, Eichner N, Reinhardt R, Meister G, Wilson JB, Grässer FA. Epstein-Barr Virus EBER Transcripts Affect miRNA-Mediated Regulation of Specific Targets and Are Processed to Small RNA Species. Noncoding RNA 2015; 1:170-191. [PMID: 29861423 PMCID: PMC5932547 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna1030170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) expresses 44 mature microRNAs and two non-coding EBER RNAs of 167 (EBER1) and 172 (EBER2) nt length. MiRNA profiling of NK/T cell lines and primary cells and Northern blotting of EBV-infected cell lines and primary tumors revealed processing of EBER1 to short 5′-derived RNAs of approximately 23, 52 and 70 nt (EBER123, EBER152, and EBER170) and of EBER2 to 3′ fragments. The biogenesis of these species is independent of Dicer, and EBER123 does not act like a miRNA to target its complementary sequence. EBER1, EBER2 and EBER123 were bound by the lupus antigen (La), a nuclear and cytoplasmic protein that facilitates RNAi. Consistent with this, the EBERs affect regulation of interleukin 1alpha (IL1α) and RAC1 reporters harboring miR target sequences, targets of miR-142-3p. However, the EBERs have no effect upon another target of miR-142-3p, ADCY9, nor on TOMM22, a target of ebv-miR-BART16, indicative of selective modulation of gene expression by the EBERs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Alles
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, Kirrbergerstrasse, Haus 47, Homburg/Saar D-66421, Germany.
| | - Daniele Hasler
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, Regensburg D-93053, Germany.
| | - Syed Mohammad Ali Kazmi
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Mathias Tesson
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Andrew Hamilton
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Linda Schlegel
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, Kirrbergerstrasse, Haus 47, Homburg/Saar D-66421, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Marx
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, Kirrbergerstrasse, Haus 47, Homburg/Saar D-66421, Germany.
| | - Norbert Eichner
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, Regensburg D-93053, Germany.
| | - Richard Reinhardt
- Max Planck Genome Centre Cologne, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne D-50829, Germany.
| | - Gunter Meister
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, Regensburg D-93053, Germany.
| | - Joanna B Wilson
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Friedrich A Grässer
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, Kirrbergerstrasse, Haus 47, Homburg/Saar D-66421, Germany.
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Albers HE. Species, sex and individual differences in the vasotocin/vasopressin system: relationship to neurochemical signaling in the social behavior neural network. Front Neuroendocrinol 2015; 36:49-71. [PMID: 25102443 PMCID: PMC4317378 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Arginine-vasotocin (AVT)/arginine vasopressin (AVP) are members of the AVP/oxytocin (OT) superfamily of peptides that are involved in the regulation of social behavior, social cognition and emotion. Comparative studies have revealed that AVT/AVP and their receptors are found throughout the "social behavior neural network (SBNN)" and display the properties expected from a signaling system that controls social behavior (i.e., species, sex and individual differences and modulation by gonadal hormones and social factors). Neurochemical signaling within the SBNN likely involves a complex combination of synaptic mechanisms that co-release multiple chemical signals (e.g., classical neurotransmitters and AVT/AVP as well as other peptides) and non-synaptic mechanisms (i.e., volume transmission). Crosstalk between AVP/OT peptides and receptors within the SBNN is likely. A better understanding of the functional properties of neurochemical signaling in the SBNN will allow for a more refined examination of the relationships between this peptide system and species, sex and individual differences in sociality.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Elliott Albers
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA.
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Hammock EAD. Developmental perspectives on oxytocin and vasopressin. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:24-42. [PMID: 24863032 PMCID: PMC4262889 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The related neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin are involved in species-typical behavior, including social recognition behavior, maternal behavior, social bonding, communication, and aggression. A wealth of evidence from animal models demonstrates significant modulation of adult social behavior by both of these neuropeptides and their receptors. Over the last decade, there has been a flood of studies in humans also implicating a role for these neuropeptides in human social behavior. Despite popular assumptions that oxytocin is a molecule of social bonding in the infant brain, less mechanistic research emphasis has been placed on the potential role of these neuropeptides in the developmental emergence of the neural substrates of behavior. This review summarizes what is known and assumed about the developmental influence of these neuropeptides and outlines the important unanswered questions and testable hypotheses. There is tremendous translational need to understand the functions of these neuropeptides in mammalian experience-dependent development of the social brain. The activity of oxytocin and vasopressin during development should inform our understanding of individual, sex, and species differences in social behavior later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A D Hammock
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center and Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Milutinović-Smiljanić S, Šarenac O, Lozić-Djurić M, Murphy D, Japundžić-Žigon N. Evidence for involvement of central vasopressin V1b and V2 receptors in stress-induced baroreflex desensitization. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:900-8. [PMID: 23488898 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE It is well recognized that vasopressin modulates the neurogenic control of the circulation. Here, we report the central mechanisms by which vasopressin modulates cardiovascular response to stress induced by immobilization. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Experiments were performed in conscious male Wistar rats equipped with radiotelemetric device for continuous measurement of haemodynamic parameters: systolic and diastolic BP and heart rate (HR). The functioning of the spontaneous baro-receptor reflex (BRR) was evaluated using the sequence method and the following parameters were evaluated: BRR sensitivity (BRS) and BRR effectiveness index (BEI). KEY RESULTS Under baseline physiological conditions intracerebroventricular injection of 100 and 500 ng of selective non-peptide V1a or V1b or V2 receptor antagonist did not modify BP, HR and BRR. Rats exposed to 15 min long stress by immobilization exhibited increase of BP, HR, reduction of BRS and no change in BEI. Pretreatment of rats with V1a receptor antagonist did not modulate the BP, HR, BRS and BEI response to stress. Pretreatment of rats with V1b receptor and V2 receptor antagonist, at both doses, prevented BRR desensitization and tachycardia, but failed to modulate stress-induced hypertension. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Vasopressin by the stimulation of central V1b- and V2-like receptors mediates stress-induced tachycardia and BRR desensitization. If these mechanisms are involved, BRR desensitization in heart failure and hypertension associated with poor outcome, they could be considered as novel targets for cardiovascular drug development.
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Japundžić-Žigon N. Vasopressin and oxytocin in control of the cardiovascular system. Curr Neuropharmacol 2013; 11:218-30. [PMID: 23997756 PMCID: PMC3637675 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x11311020008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) are mainly synthesized in the magnocellular neurons of the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus. Axons from the magnocellular part of the PVN and SON project to neurohypophysis where VP and OT are released in blood to act like hormones. Axons from the parvocellular part of PVN project to extra-hypothalamic brain areas (median eminence, limbic system, brainstem and spinal cord) where VP and OT act like neurotransmitters/modulators. VP and OT act in complementary manner in cardiovascular control, both as hormones and neurotransmitters. While VP conserves water and increases circulating blood volume, OT eliminates sodium. Hyperactivity of VP neurons and quiescence of OT neurons in PVN underlie osmotic adjustment to pregnancy. In most vascular beds VP is a potent vasoconstrictor, more potent than OT, except in the umbilical artery at term. The vasoconstriction by VP and OT is mediated via V1aR. In some vascular beds, i.e. the lungs and the brain, VP and OT produce NO dependent vasodilatation. Peripherally, VP has been found to enhance the sensitivity of the baro-receptor while centrally, VP and OT increase sympathetic outflow, suppresse baro-receptor reflex and enhance respiration. Whilst VP is an important mediator of stress that triggers ACTH release, OT exhibits anti-stress properties. Moreover, VP has been found to contribute considerably to progression of hypertension and heart failure while OT has been found to decrease blood pressure and promote cardiac healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Japundžić-Žigon
- Professor of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Belgrade School of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dr Subotica 1, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
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Hasunuma I, Toyoda F, Okada R, Yamamoto K, Kadono Y, Kikuyama S. Roles of arginine vasotocin receptors in the brain and pituitary of submammalian vertebrates. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 304:191-225. [PMID: 23809437 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407696-9.00004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This chapter reviews the functions of arginine vasotocin (AVT) and its receptors in the central nervous system (CNS) of primarily submammalian vertebrates. The V1a-type receptor, which is widely distributed in the CNS of birds, amphibians, and fish, is one of the most important receptors involved in the expression of social and reproductive behaviors. In mammals, the V1b receptor of arginine vasopressin, an AVT ortholog, is assumed to be involved in aggression, social memory, and stress responses. The distribution of the V1b-type receptor in the brain of submammalian vertebrates has only been reported in an amphibian species, and its putative functions are discussed in this review. The functions of V2-type receptor in the CNS are still unclear. Recent phylogenetical and pharmacological analyses have revealed that the avian VT1 receptor can be categorized as a V2b-type receptor. The distribution of this newly categorized VT1 receptor in the brain of avian species should contribute to our knowledge of the possible roles of the V2b-type receptor in the CNS of other nonmammalian vertebrates. The functions of AVT in the amphibian and avian pituitaries are also discussed, focusing on the V1b- and V1a-type receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Hasunuma
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba, Japan.
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Moritoh S, Sato K, Okada Y, Koizumi A. Endogenous arginine vasopressin-positive retinal cells in arginine vasopressin-eGFP transgenic rats identified by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Mol Vis 2011; 17:3254-61. [PMID: 22194651 PMCID: PMC3244476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, arginine vasopressin (AVP) has been revealed to have diverse functional roles in nervous tissues beyond that of a vasoconstrictor. Several previous studies have indicated the existence of AVP in the retina, but the source of AVP has not been determined. The objective of the present study was to address the question of whether retinal cells have the ability to synthesize endogenous AVP to act in a paracrine or autocrine manner. METHODS We used AVP-eGFP transgenic rats to find endogenous AVP-positive cells in the retina by immunohistochemistry with an AVP antibody and a GFP antibody. We also examined AVP mRNA and AVP receptor genes by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR of dissociated GFP-positive cells and whole retinas. RESULTS Endogenous AVP-positive cells were found in the ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer of the retina of AVP-eGFP transgenic rats by immunohistochemistry. As indicated by the results of RT-PCR of dissociated GFP-positive cells, these cells have the ability to synthesize endogenous AVP, as well as transgenic AVP-eGFP. In addition, the V1a and V1b AVP receptors were found in the wild-type rat retina by whole retina RT-PCR, but the V2 receptor was not detectable. In dissociated AVP-eGFP-positive cells, no AVP receptor was detected by RT-PCR. Moreover, AVP secretion was not detected by stimulation with a high potassium (50 mM) solution. CONCLUSIONS In the rat retina, we found retinal cells that have the ability to synthesize endogenous AVP, and that the retina possesses V1a and V1b AVP receptors. Taken together, these results suggest that the retina has an intrinsic AVP-synthesizing and -receiving mechanism that can operate in a paracrine manner via V1a and V1b receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Moritoh
- Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Kaori Sato
- Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Okada
- Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan,Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Amane Koizumi
- Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan,Section of Communications and Public Liaison, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan,Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Japan
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Gonzalez A, Borquez M, Trigo CA, Brenet M, Sarmiento JM, Figueroa CD, Navarro J, Gonzalez CB. The splice variant of the V2 vasopressin receptor adopts alternative topologies. Biochemistry 2011; 50:4981-6. [PMID: 21534618 DOI: 10.1021/bi2001278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The V2 receptor gene encodes two receptor variants by alternative splicing, the canonical V2 receptor (V2a receptor) and V2b. The V2b variant has an amino acid sequence identical to that of the V2a receptor up to the sixth transmembrane domain, but the V2b sequences corresponding to the putative seventh transmembrane domain and the carboxyl terminus are different from those of the V2a receptor. Here we investigate the topology and subcellular distribution of the V2b variant. We found that, in contrast to the V2a receptor, the V2b adopted two topologies: one with six transmembrane segments with the C-terminus on the extracellular side of the membrane and another with seven transmembrane segments with the C-terminus on the intracellular side, similar to typical G-protein-coupled receptors. Furthermore, we observed that both topological isoforms oligomerized with the V2a canonical receptor. Unlike the V2a receptor, V2b did not move to the plasma membrane, but it is retained in the ER--Golgi compartments. These findings indicate that the C-terminal sequence beyond the sixth transmembrane of the V2a is required for the stabilization of the seven-transmembrane topology of the receptor and is also essential for the trafficking of the receptor to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Gonzalez
- Department of Physiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Markovic D, Challiss RAJ. Alternative splicing of G protein-coupled receptors: physiology and pathophysiology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:3337-52. [PMID: 19629391 PMCID: PMC11115665 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Revised: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a superfamily of transmembrane receptors that have a broad distribution and can collectively recognise a diverse array of ligands. Activation or inhibition of GPCR signalling can affect many (patho)physiological processes, and consequently they are a major target for existing and emerging drug therapies. A common observation has been that the pharmacological, signalling and regulatory properties of GPCRs can differ in a cell- and tissue-specific manner. Such "phenotypic" diversity might be attributable to post-translational modifications and/or association of GPCRs with accessory proteins, however, post-transcriptional mechanisms are also likely to contribute. Although approximately 50% of GPCR genes are intronless, those that possess introns can undergo alternative splicing, generating GPCR subtype isoforms that may differ in their pharmacological, signalling and regulatory properties. In this review we shall highlight recent research into GPCR splice variation and discuss the potential consequences this might have for GPCR function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Markovic
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Leicester, UK.
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