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Chen S, Liang B, Xu J. Unveiling heterogeneity in MSCs: exploring marker-based strategies for defining MSC subpopulations. J Transl Med 2024; 22:459. [PMID: 38750573 PMCID: PMC11094970 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) represent a heterogeneous cell population distributed throughout various tissues, demonstrating remarkable adaptability to microenvironmental cues and holding immense promise for disease treatment. However, the inherent diversity within MSCs often leads to variability in therapeutic outcomes, posing challenges for clinical applications. To address this heterogeneity, purification of MSC subpopulations through marker-based isolation has emerged as a promising approach to ensure consistent therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we discussed the reported markers of MSCs, encompassing those developed through candidate marker strategies and high-throughput approaches, with the aim of explore viable strategies for addressing the heterogeneity of MSCs and illuminate prospective research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowei Liang
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital), Fuqiang Avenue 1001, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China.
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Santilli F, Fabrizi J, Santacroce C, Caissutti D, Spinello Z, Candelise N, Lancia L, Pulcini F, Delle Monache S, Mattei V. Analogies and Differences Between Dental Stem Cells: Focus on Secretome in Combination with Scaffolds in Neurological Disorders. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:159-174. [PMID: 37962698 PMCID: PMC10799818 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are well known for their beneficial effects, differentiation capacity and regenerative potential. Dental-derived MSCs (DSCs) are more easily accessible and have a non-invasive isolation method rather than MSCs isolated from other sources (umbilical cord, bone marrow, and adipose tissue). In addition, DSCs appear to have a relevant neuro-regenerative potential due to their neural crest origin. However, it is now known that the beneficial effects of MSCs depend, at least in part, on their secretome, referring to all the bioactive molecules (neurotrophic factors) released in the conditioned medium (CM) or in the extracellular vesicles (EVs) in particular exosomes (Exos). In this review, we described the similarities and differences between various DSCs. Our focus was on the secretome of DSCs and their applications in cell therapy for neurological disorders. For neuro-regenerative purposes, the secretome of different DSCs has been tested. Among these, the secretome of dental pulp stem cells and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth have been the most widely studied. Both CM and Exos obtained from DSCs have been shown to promote neurite outgrowth and neuroprotective effects as well as their combination with scaffold materials (to improve their functional integration in the tissue). For these reasons, the secretome obtained from DSCs in combination with scaffold materials may represent a promising tissue engineering approach for neuroprotective and neuro-regenerative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Santilli
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, "Sabina Universitas", Via A.M. Ricci 35/A, 02100, Rieti, Italy
| | - Jessica Fabrizi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Costantino Santacroce
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, "Sabina Universitas", Via A.M. Ricci 35/A, 02100, Rieti, Italy
| | - Daniela Caissutti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Zaira Spinello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Niccolò Candelise
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 29900161, Rome, Italy
| | - Loreto Lancia
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Fanny Pulcini
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Simona Delle Monache
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, della Salute e delle Professioni Sanitarie, Link Campus University, Via del Casale di San Pio V 44, 00165, Rome, Italy.
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3
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Bhujel B, Oh SH, Kim CM, Yoon YJ, Kim YJ, Chung HS, Ye EA, Lee H, Kim JY. Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Exosomes: A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Corneal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10917. [PMID: 37446091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The cornea, with its delicate structure, is vulnerable to damage from physical, chemical, and genetic factors. Corneal transplantation, including penetrating and lamellar keratoplasties, can restore the functions of the cornea in cases of severe damage. However, the process of corneal transplantation presents considerable obstacles, including a shortage of available donors, the risk of severe graft rejection, and potentially life-threatening complications. Over the past few decades, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has become a novel alternative approach to corneal regeneration. Numerous studies have demonstrated the potential of MSCs to differentiate into different corneal cell types, such as keratocytes, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells. MSCs are considered a suitable candidate for corneal regeneration because of their promising therapeutic perspective and beneficial properties. MSCs compromise unique immunomodulation, anti-angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory properties and secrete various growth factors, thus promoting corneal reconstruction. These effects in corneal engineering are mediated by MSCs differentiating into different lineages and paracrine action via exosomes. Early studies have proven the roles of MSC-derived exosomes in corneal regeneration by reducing inflammation, inhibiting neovascularization, and angiogenesis, and by promoting cell proliferation. This review highlights the contribution of MSCs and MSC-derived exosomes, their current usage status to overcome corneal disease, and their potential to restore different corneal layers as novel therapeutic agents. It also discusses feasible future possibilities, applications, challenges, and opportunities for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basanta Bhujel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-Ro, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Heon Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-Ro, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Min Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-Ro, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Ji Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-Ro, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jae Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-Ro, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Seok Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-Ro, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ah Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-Ro, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-Ro, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-Ro, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
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4
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Lin Y, Jin L, Yang Y. Periodontal ligament cells from patients with treated stable periodontitis: Characterization and osteogenic differentiation potential. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:237-246. [PMID: 36567428 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Periodontal ligament progenitor cells (PDL cells) isolated from patients with inflammatory periodontitis have impaired regenerative capacity, but it is unknown whether this capacity can be recovered upon treatment and stabilization of the periodontal condition. The study aimed to investigate the expression of surface markers and the proliferation and osteogenic potential of PDL cells isolated from patients with treated stable periodontitis (S-PDL cells), periodontally healthy individuals (H-PDL cells), and patients with inflammatory periodontitis (I-PDL cells). METHODS H-PDL, I-PDL, and S-PDL cells were isolated from the extracted teeth of individuals who (1) were periodontally healthy, (2) had inflammatory periodontitis, and (3) had treated stable periodontitis, respectively. The expression levels of surface markers and the proliferative and osteogenic capacities of the PDL cells were assessed. RESULTS PDL cells derived from all three sources exhibited mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) characteristics. They were positive for MSC-related markers and negative for a hematopoiesis-related marker. However, S-PDL cells had higher proliferation rates, higher expression levels of osteogenic markers, higher alkaline phosphatase activity, and more calcium nodules than I-PDL cells. But all of these parameters remained lower in S-PDL cells than in H-PDL cells. CONCLUSIONS S-PDL cells proliferated faster and had greater osteogenic potential than I-PDL cells, although these values remained lower than those in H-PDL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Lin
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lijian Jin
- Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yanqi Yang
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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5
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Song WP, Jin LY, Zhu MD, Wang H, Xia DS. Clinical trials using dental stem cells: 2022 update. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:31-51. [PMID: 37007456 PMCID: PMC10052340 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i3.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
For nearly 20 years, dental stem cells (DSCs) have been successfully isolated from mature/immature teeth and surrounding tissue, including dental pulp of permanent teeth and exfoliated deciduous teeth, periodontal ligaments, dental follicles, and gingival and apical papilla. They have several properties (such as self-renewal, multidirectional differentiation, and immunomodulation) and exhibit enormous potential for clinical applications. To date, many clinical articles and clinical trials using DSCs have reported the treatment of pulpitis, periapical lesions, periodontitis, cleft lip and palate, acute ischemic stroke, and so on, and DSC-based therapies obtained satisfactory effects in most clinical trials. In these studies, no adverse events were reported, which suggested the safety of DSC-based therapy. In this review, we outline the characteristics of DSCs and summarize clinical trials and their safety as DSC-based therapies. Meanwhile, we also present the current limitations and perspectives of DSC-based therapy (such as harvesting DSCs from inflamed tissue, applying DSC-conditioned medium/DSC-derived extracellular vesicles, and expanding-free strategies) to provide a theoretical basis for their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Peng Song
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Lu-Yuan Jin
- Department of General Dentistry and Integrated Emergency Dental Care, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Meng-Di Zhu
- Department of General Dentistry and Integrated Emergency Dental Care, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Deng-Sheng Xia
- Department of General Dentistry and Integrated Emergency Dental Care, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
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6
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Tóth K, S Nagy K, Güler Z, Juhász ÁG, Pállinger É, Varga G, Sarac AS, Zrínyi M, Jedlovszky-Hajdú A, Juriga D. Characterization of Electrospun Polysuccinimide-Dopamine Conjugates and Effect on Cell Viability and Uptake. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200397. [PMID: 36592964 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible nanofibrous systems made by electrospinning have been studied widely for pharmaceutical applications since they have a high specific surface and the capability to make the entrapped drug molecule amorphous, which increases bioavailability. By covalently conjugating drugs onto polymers, the degradation of the drug as well as the fast clearance from the circulation can be avoided. Although covalent polymer-drug conjugates have a lot of advantages, there is a lack of research focusing on their nano-formulation by electrospinning. In this study, polysuccinimide (PSI) based electrospun fibrous meshes conjugated with dopamine (DA) are prepared. Fiber diameter, mechanical properties, dissolution kinetics and membrane permeability are thoroughly investigated, as these are crucial for drug delivery and implantation. Dopamine release kinetics prove the prolonged release that influenced the viability and morphology of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and SH-SY5Y cells. The presence of dopamine receptors on both cell types is also demonstrated and the uptake of the conjugates is measured. According to flow cytometry analysis, the conjugates are internalized by both cell types, which is influenced by the chemical structure and physical properties. In conclusion, electrospinning of PSI-DA conjugates alters release kinetics, meanwhile, conjugated dopamine can play a key role in cellular uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Tóth
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry, Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary
| | - Krisztina S Nagy
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry, Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary.,Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary
| | - Zeliha Güler
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Ákos György Juhász
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry, Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary
| | - Éva Pállinger
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary
| | - Gábor Varga
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary.,Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, H-1085, Hungary
| | - A Sezai Sarac
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Miklós Zrínyi
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry, Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary
| | - Angéla Jedlovszky-Hajdú
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry, Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary
| | - Dávid Juriga
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry, Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary
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7
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Roato I, Masante B, Putame G, Massai D, Mussano F. Challenges of Periodontal Tissue Engineering: Increasing Biomimicry through 3D Printing and Controlled Dynamic Environment. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12213878. [PMID: 36364654 PMCID: PMC9655809 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, tissue engineering studies have proposed several approaches to regenerate periodontium based on the use of three-dimensional (3D) tissue scaffolds alone or in association with periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). The rapid evolution of bioprinting has sped up classic regenerative medicine, making the fabrication of multilayered scaffolds-which are essential in targeting the periodontal ligament (PDL)-conceivable. Physiological mechanical loading is fundamental to generate this complex anatomical structure ex vivo. Indeed, loading induces the correct orientation of the fibers forming the PDL and maintains tissue homeostasis, whereas overloading or a failure to adapt to mechanical load can be at least in part responsible for a wrong tissue regeneration using PDLSCs. This review provides a brief overview of the most recent achievements in periodontal tissue engineering, with a particular focus on the use of PDLSCs, which are the best choice for regenerating PDL as well as alveolar bone and cementum. Different scaffolds associated with various manufacturing methods and data derived from the application of different mechanical loading protocols have been analyzed, demonstrating that periodontal tissue engineering represents a proof of concept with high potential for innovative therapies in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Roato
- Bone and Dental Bioengineering Laboratory, CIR-Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-670-3528
| | - Beatrice Masante
- Bone and Dental Bioengineering Laboratory, CIR-Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- PolitoBIOMed Lab and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Putame
- PolitoBIOMed Lab and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Diana Massai
- PolitoBIOMed Lab and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Mussano
- Bone and Dental Bioengineering Laboratory, CIR-Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Intermittent compressive force regulates human periodontal ligament cell behavior via yes-associated protein. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10845. [PMID: 36247165 PMCID: PMC9561743 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent compressive force influences human periodontal ligament (PDL) cell behavior that facilitates periodontal tissue regeneration. In response to mechanical stimuli, Yes-associated protein (YAP) has been recognized as a mechanosensitive transcriptional activator that regulates cell proliferation and cell fate decisions. This study aimed to investigate whether compressive forces influence cell proliferation and cell fate decisions of human PDL cells via YAP signaling. YAP expression was silenced by shRNA. The effect of YAP on cell proliferation, adipogenesis and osteogenesis of PDL cells under ICF loading were determined. Adipogenic differentiation bias upon ICF loading was confirmed by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results revealed that ICF-induced YAP promotes osteogenesis, but it inhibits adipogenesis in PDL cells. Depletion of YAP results in PDL cells that are irresponsive to ICF and, therefore, the failure of the PDL cells to undergo osteogenic differentiation. This was shown by a significant reduction in calcium deposited in the CF-derived osteoblasts of the YAP-knockdown (YAP-KD) PDL cells. As to control treatment, reduction of YAP promoted adipogenesis, whereas ICF-induced YAP inhibited this mechanism. However, the adipocyte differentiation in YAP-KD cells was not affected upon ICF treatment as the YAP-KD cells still exhibited a better adipogenic differentiation that was unrelated to the ICF. This study demonstrated that, in response to ICF treatment, YAP could be a crucial mechanosensitive transcriptional activator for the regulation of PDL cell behavior through a mechanobiological process. Our results may provide the possibility of facilitating PDL tissue regeneration by manipulation of the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway. YAP plays role as a mechanosensitive transcriptional activator of human PDL cells in response to ICF. ICF activates YAP and its target genes to promote cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human PDL cells. Loss of YAP enhances adipogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells.
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9
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Lin Y, Tang Z, Jin L, Yang Y. The Expression and Regulatory Roles of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Periodontal Ligament Cells: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020304. [PMID: 35204802 PMCID: PMC8869287 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells play a pivotal role in periodontal and bone homeostasis and have promising potential for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. There is compelling evidence that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are differentially expressed in PDL cells compared to other cell types and that these lncRNAs are involved in a variety of biological processes. This study systematically reviews the current evidence regarding the expression and regulatory functions of lncRNAs in PDL cells during various biological processes. A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, the Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar to include articles published up to 1 July 2021. Original research articles that investigated the expression or regulation of lncRNAs in PDL cells were selected and evaluated for a systematic review. Fifty studies were ultimately included, based on our eligibility criteria. Thirteen of these studies broadly explored the expression profiles of lncRNAs in PDL cells using microarray or RNA sequencing. Nineteen studies investigated the mechanisms by which lncRNAs regulate osteogenic differentiation in PDL cells. The remaining 18 studies investigated the mechanism by which lncRNAs regulate the responses of PDL cells to various stimuli, namely, lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation, tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced inflammation, mechanical stress, oxidative stress, or hypoxia. We systematically reviewed studies on the expression and regulatory roles of lncRNAs in diverse biological processes in PDL cells, including osteogenic differentiation and cellular responses to inflammation, mechanical stress, and other stimuli. These results provide new insights that may guide the development of lncRNA-based therapeutics for periodontal and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Lin
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.L.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zhongyuan Tang
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.L.); (Z.T.)
| | - Lijian Jin
- Division of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Yanqi Yang
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.L.); (Z.T.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Rad MR, Atarbasi-Moghadam F, Khodayari P, Sijanivandi S. Periodontal ligament stem cell isolation protocol: A systematic review. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 17:537-563. [PMID: 35088677 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220128114825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the plethora of literature regarding isolation and characterization of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), due to the existence of controversies in the results, in this comprehensive review, we aimed to summarize and compare the effect of isolation methods on PDLSC properties, including clonogenicity, viability/proliferation, markers expression, cell morphology, differentiation, and regeneration. Moreover, the outcomes of included studies, considering various parameters such as teeth developmental stages, donor age, periodontal ligament health status, and part of the teeth root from which PDLSCs were derived, have been systematically discussed. It has been shown that from included studies PDLSCs can be isolated from teeth from any developmental stages, any health status condition, and any donor age. Also, a non-enzymatic digestion method, named as an explant or outgrowth technique, is a suitable protocol for of PDLSCs isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rezai Rad
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazele Atarbasi-Moghadam
- Department of Periodontics, Dental School of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouya Khodayari
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soran Sijanivandi
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Kukreja BJ, Bhat KG, Kukreja P, Kumber VM, Balakrishnan R, Govila V. Isolation and immunohistochemical characterization of periodontal ligament stem cells: A preliminary study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2021; 25:295-299. [PMID: 34393399 PMCID: PMC8336774 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_442_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Context: It is a known fact that periodontal tissue regeneration can be achieved by the use of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Current mainstay of periodontal treatment is focusing on stem cell tissue engineering as an effective therapy, making it important to isolate PDLSCs from periodontal tissues. Aims: The present research endeavor was undertaken to elucidate a technique for isolating PDLSCs for in vivo reconstructing the natural PDL tissue. Settings and Design: The study design involves In vitro prospective study. Materials and Methods: Premolar teeth were extracted from 12 patients who were under orthodontic treatment. PDL cells were scraped from their roots. Using 10 ml of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with pH 7.2, the specimens of the periodontal tissue were transferred to laboratory where cell culture was done. Isolated stem cells were grown on 24-well microtiter plates-containing cover slips. They were incubated overnight at approximately 37°C in 95% air and 5% humidification. Anti-CD 45, CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD146 antibodies were used. After staining, cells were observed under phase-contrast microscopy and in inverted microscope. Results: The cells showed a marked growth and 90% confluence at day 6. Cells presented thin and long fibroblastic spindle morphology. Isolated PDLSCs showed colony-forming ability at the 14th day after seeding. Immunohistochemical staining of PDLSCs showed positive uptake for CD146, CD90, CD73, CD105, and negative uptake for CD45. Conclusions: The human PDLSCs can be clearly isolated and characterized by using CD90, CD73, CD146, and CD105 markers of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna Jha Kukreja
- Department of Periodontology, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kishore Gajanan Bhat
- Department of Microbiology, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Pankaj Kukreja
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Al Baha University, Al Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Vijay Mahadev Kumber
- Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Maratha Mandal's Central Research Laboratory, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajkumar Balakrishnan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Govila
- Department of Periodontology, Saraswati Dental College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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12
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Queiroz A, Albuquerque-Souza E, Gasparoni LM, França BND, Pelissari C, Trierveiler M, Holzhausen M. Therapeutic potential of periodontal ligament stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:605-618. [PMID: 34249230 PMCID: PMC8246246 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i6.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory periodontal disease known as periodontitis is one of the most common conditions that affect human teeth and often leads to tooth loss. Due to the complexity of the periodontium, which is composed of several tissues, its regeneration and subsequent return to a homeostatic state is challenging with the therapies currently available. Cellular therapy is increasingly becoming an alternative in regenerative medicine/dentistry, especially therapies using mesenchymal stem cells, as they can be isolated from a myriad of tissues. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are probably the most adequate to be used as a cell source with the aim of regenerating the periodontium. Biological insights have also highlighted PDLSCs as promising immunomodulator agents. In this review, we explore the state of knowledge regarding the properties of PDLSCs, as well as their therapeutic potential, describing current and future clinical applications based on tissue engineering techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Queiroz
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology in Dentistry-LABITRON, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Albuquerque-Souza
- Department of Stomatology, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Leticia Miquelitto Gasparoni
- Department of Stomatology, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno Nunes de França
- Department of Stomatology, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Cibele Pelissari
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology in Dentistry-LABITRON, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marília Trierveiler
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology in Dentistry-LABITRON, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marinella Holzhausen
- Department of Stomatology, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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13
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Huang CY, Vesvoranan O, Yin X, Montoya A, Londono V, Sawatari Y, Garcia-Godoy F. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Conditioned Medium of Periodontal Ligament-Derived Stem Cells on Chondrocytes, Synoviocytes, and Meniscus Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:537-547. [PMID: 33757298 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of arthritis, afflicting millions of people in the world. Elevation of inflammatory mediators and enzymatic matrix destruction is often associated with OA. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of conditioned medium from periodontal ligament-derived stem cells (PDLSCs) on inflammatory and catabolic gene expressions of chondrocytes, synoviocytes, and meniscus cells under in vitro inflammatory condition. Stem cells were isolated from human periodontal ligaments. Conditioned medium was collected and concentrated 20 × . Chondrocytes, synoviocytes, and meniscus cells were isolated from pig knees and divided into four experimental groups: serum-free media, serum-free media+interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (10 ng/mL), conditioned media (CM), and CM+IL-1β. Protein content and extracellular vesicle (EV) miRNAs of CM were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and RNA sequencing, respectively. It was found that the IL-1β treatment upregulated the expression of IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), MMP-13, and ADAMTS-4 genes in the three cell types, whereas PDLSC-conditioned medium prevented the upregulation of gene expression by IL-1β in all three cell types. This study also found that there was consistency in anti-inflammatory effects of PDLSC CM across donors and cell subcultures, while PDLSCs released several anti-inflammatory factors and EV miRNAs at high levels. OA has been suggested as an inflammatory disease in which all intrasynovial tissues are involved. PDLSC-conditioned medium is a cocktail of trophic factors and EV miRNAs that could mediate different inflammatory processes in various tissues in the joint. Introducing PDLSC-conditioned medium to osteoarthritic joints could be a potential treatment to prevent OA progression by inhibiting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yuh Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Oraya Vesvoranan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Xue Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Amanda Montoya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Valeria Londono
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Yoh Sawatari
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Franklin Garcia-Godoy
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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14
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Höving AL, Windmöller BA, Knabbe C, Kaltschmidt B, Kaltschmidt C, Greiner JFW. Between Fate Choice and Self-Renewal-Heterogeneity of Adult Neural Crest-Derived Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:662754. [PMID: 33898464 PMCID: PMC8060484 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.662754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells of the neural crest (NC) vitally participate to embryonic development, but also remain in distinct niches as quiescent neural crest-derived stem cell (NCSC) pools into adulthood. Although NCSC-populations share a high capacity for self-renewal and differentiation resulting in promising preclinical applications within the last two decades, inter- and intrapopulational differences exist in terms of their expression signatures and regenerative capability. Differentiation and self-renewal of stem cells in developmental and regenerative contexts are partially regulated by the niche or culture condition and further influenced by single cell decision processes, making cell-to-cell variation and heterogeneity critical for understanding adult stem cell populations. The present review summarizes current knowledge of the cellular heterogeneity within NCSC-populations located in distinct craniofacial and trunk niches including the nasal cavity, olfactory bulb, oral tissues or skin. We shed light on the impact of intrapopulational heterogeneity on fate specifications and plasticity of NCSCs in their niches in vivo as well as during in vitro culture. We further discuss underlying molecular regulators determining fate specifications of NCSCs, suggesting a regulatory network including NF-κB and NC-related transcription factors like SLUG and SOX9 accompanied by Wnt- and MAPK-signaling to orchestrate NCSC stemness and differentiation. In summary, adult NCSCs show a broad heterogeneity on the level of the donor and the donors' sex, the cell population and the single stem cell directly impacting their differentiation capability and fate choices in vivo and in vitro. The findings discussed here emphasize heterogeneity of NCSCs as a crucial parameter for understanding their role in tissue homeostasis and regeneration and for improving their applicability in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Höving
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory- and Transfusion Medicine, Heart and Diabetes Centre North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), Ruhr University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Beatrice A. Windmöller
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V., Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Cornelius Knabbe
- Institute for Laboratory- and Transfusion Medicine, Heart and Diabetes Centre North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), Ruhr University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V., Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V., Bielefeld, Germany
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V., Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Johannes F. W. Greiner
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V., Bielefeld, Germany
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15
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Assis RIF, Schmidt AG, Racca F, da Silva RA, Zambuzzi WF, Silvério KG, Nociti FH, Pecorari VG, Wiench M, Andia DC. DNMT1 Inhibitor Restores RUNX2 Expression and Mineralization in Periodontal Ligament Cells. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:662-674. [PMID: 33751901 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.6239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) have well documented osteogenic potential; however, this commitment can be highly heterogenous, limiting their applications in tissue regeneration. In this study, we use PDLC populations characterized by high and low osteogenic potential (h-PDLCs and l-PDLCs, respectively) to identify possible sources of such heterogeneity and to investigate whether the osteogenic differentiation can be enhanced by epigenetic modulation. In h-PDLCs, low basal expression levels of pluripotency markers (NANOG, OCT4), DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3B), and enzymes involved in active DNA demethylation (TET1, TET3) were prerequisite to high osteogenic potential. Furthermore, these genes were downregulated upon early osteogenesis, possibly allowing for the increase in expression of the key osteogenic transcription factors, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and SP7, and ultimately, mineral nodule formation. l-PDLCs appeared locked in the multipotent state and this was further enhanced upon early osteogenic stimulation, correlating with low RUNX2 expression and impaired mineralization. Further upregulation of DNMTs was also evident, while pretreatment with RG108, the DNMTs' inhibitor, enhanced the osteogenic program in l-PDLCs through downregulation of DNMTs, increased RUNX2 expression and nuclear localization, accelerated expression of osteogenic markers, and increased mineralization. These findings point toward the role of DNMTs and Ten Eleven Translocations (TETs) in osteogenic commitment and support application of epigenetic approaches to modulate biomineralization in PDLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahyza I F Assis
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Arthur G Schmidt
- Health Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Paulista University-UNIP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francesca Racca
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A da Silva
- Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University-UNIP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - William F Zambuzzi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Karina G Silvério
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Francisco H Nociti
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Vanessa G Pecorari
- Health Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Paulista University-UNIP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Malgorzata Wiench
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Denise C Andia
- Health Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Paulista University-UNIP, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Gousopoulou E, Bakopoulou A, Apatzidou DA, Leyhausen G, Volk J, Staufenbiel I, Geurtsen W, Adam K. Evaluation of stemness properties of cells derived from granulation tissue of peri-implantitis lesions. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 7:739-753. [PMID: 33605088 PMCID: PMC8543464 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Peri‐implantitis (PI) is an inflammatory disease associated with peri‐implant bone loss and impaired healing potential. There is limited evidence about the presence of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their regenerative properties within the granulation tissue (GT) of infrabony peri‐implantitis defects. The aim of the present study was to characterize the cells derived from the GT of infrabony PI lesions (peri‐implantitis derived mesenchymal stromal cells—PIMSCs). Material and Methods PIMSC cultures were established from GT harvested from PI lesions with a pocket probing depth ≥6 mm, bleeding on probing/suppuration, and radiographic evidence of an infrabony component from four systemically healthy individuals. Cultures were analyzed for embryonic (SSEA4, NANOG, SOX2, OCT4A), mesenchymal (CD90, CD73, CD105, CD146, STRO1) and hematopoietic (CD34, CD45) stem cell markers using flow cytometry. PIMSC cultures were induced for neurogenic, angiogenic and osteogenic differentiation by respective media. Cultures were analyzed for morphological changes and mineralization potential (Alizarin Red S method). Gene expression of neurogenic (NEFL, NCAM1, TUBB3, ENO2), angiogenic (VEGFR1, VEGFR2, PECAM1) and osteogenic (ALPL, BGLAP, BMP2, RUNX2) markers was determined by quantitative RT‐PCR. Results PIMSC cultures demonstrated high expression of embryonic and mesenchymal stem cell markers with inter‐individual variability. After exposure to neurogenic, angiogenic and osteogenic conditions, PIMSCs showed pronounced tri‐lineage differentiation potential, as evidenced by their morphology and expression of respective markers. High mineralization potential was observed. Conclusions This study provides evidence that MSC‐like populations reside within the GT of PI lesions and exhibit a multilineage differentiation potential. Further studies are needed to specify the biological role of these cells in the healing processes of inflamed PI tissues and to provide indications for their potential use in regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Gousopoulou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology & Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology & Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Athina Bakopoulou
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology & Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany.,Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Danae Anastasia Apatzidou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology & Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gabriele Leyhausen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology & Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Joachim Volk
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology & Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Ingmar Staufenbiel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology & Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Werner Geurtsen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology & Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Knut Adam
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology & Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
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17
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Couto de Carvalho LA, Tosta Dos Santos SL, Sacramento LV, de Almeida VR, de Aquino Xavier FC, Dos Santos JN, Gomes Henriques Leitão ÁC. Mesenchymal stem cell markers in periodontal tissues and periapical lesions. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151636. [PMID: 33132168 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are characterized by the potential to differentiate into multiple cell lineages, high proliferation rates, and self-renewal capacity, in addition to the ability to maintain their undifferentiated state. These cells have been identified in physiological oral tissues such as pulp tissue, dental follicle, apical papilla and periodontal ligament, as well as in pathological situations such as chronic periapical lesions (CPLs). The criteria used for the identification of MSCs include the positive expression of specific surface antigens, with CD73, CD90, CD105, CD44, CD146, STRO-1, CD166, NANOG and OCT4 being the most specific for these cells. AIM The aim of this review was to explore the literature on markers able to identify MSCs as well as the presence of these cells in the healthy periodontal ligament and CPLs, highlighting their role in regenerative medicine and implications in the progression of these lesions. METHODS Narrative literature review searching the PubMed and Medline databases. Articles published in English between 1974 and 2020 were retrieved. CONCLUSION The included studies confirmed the presence of MSCs in the healthy periodontal ligament and in CPLs. Several surface markers are used for the characterization of these cells which, although not specific, are effective in cell recognition. Mesenchymal stem cells participate in tissue repair, exerting anti- inflammatory, immunosuppressive and proangiogenic effects, and are therefore involved in the progression and attenuation of CPLs or even in the persistence of these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jean Nunes Dos Santos
- Postgraduation Program in Dentistry and Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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18
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Perczel-Kovách K, Hegedűs O, Földes A, Sangngoen T, Kálló K, Steward MC, Varga G, Nagy KS. STRO-1 positive cell expansion during osteogenic differentiation: A comparative study of three mesenchymal stem cell types of dental origin. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 122:104995. [PMID: 33278647 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the osteogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells of dental origin is well established, the roles of different marker proteins in this process remain to be clarified. Our aim was to compare the cellular and molecular changes, focusing in particular on mesenchymal stem cell markers, during in vitro osteogenesis in three dental stem cell types: dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). DESIGN Human DFSCs, PDLSCs and DPSCs were isolated, cultured and their osteogenic differentiation was induced for 3 weeks. Mineralization was assessed by von Kossa staining and calcium concentration measurements. The expression of mesenchymal and osteogenic markers was studied by immunocytochemistry and qPCR techniques. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the frequency of STRO-1 positive cells were also quantified. RESULTS The three cultures all showed abundant mineralization, with high calcium content by day 21. The expression of vimentin and nestin was sustained after osteogenic induction. The osteogenic medium induced a considerable elevation of STRO-1 positive cells. By day 7, the ALP mRNA level had increased more than 100-fold in DFSCs, PDLSCs, and DPSCs. Quantitative PCR results indicated dissimilarities of osteoblastic marker levels in the three dental stem cell cultures. CONCLUSIONS DFSCs, PDLSCs and DPSCs have similar functional osteogenic differentiation capacities although their expressional profiles of key osteogenic markers show considerable variations. The STRO-1 positive cell fraction expands during osteogenic differentiation while vimentin and nestin expression remain high. For identification of stemness, functional studies rather than marker expressions are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Perczel-Kovách
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4. H-1089 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Orsolya Hegedűs
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4. H-1089 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Anna Földes
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4. H-1089 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Thanyaporn Sangngoen
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4. H-1089 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Karola Kálló
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4. H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Martin C Steward
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4. H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Gábor Varga
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4. H-1089 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Krisztina S Nagy
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4. H-1089 Budapest, Hungary.
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The expression and regulation of Wnt1 in tooth movement-initiated mechanotransduction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020; 158:e151-e160. [PMID: 33139146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Wnt signaling pathway acts as a key regulator of skeletal development and its homeostasis. However, the potential role of Wnt1 in the mechanotransduction machinery of orthodontic tooth movement-initiated bone remodeling is still unclear. Hence, this study focused on the regulatory dynamics of the Wnt1 expression in both the periodontal ligament (PDL) and osteocytes in vivo and in vitro. METHODS The Wnt1 expression in the orthodontically moved maxillary first molar in mice was assessed at 0, 1, and 5 days, on both the compression and tension sides. Primary isolated human PDL (hPDL) fibroblasts, as well as murine long-bone osteocyte-Y4 (MLO-Y4) cells, were exposed to continuous compressive force and static tensile force. RESULTS The relative quantification of immunodetection showed that orthodontic tooth movement significantly stimulated the Wnt1 expression in both the PDL and alveolar osteocytes on the tension side on day 5, whereas the expression on the compression side did not change. This increase in the Wnt1 expression, shown in vivo, was also noted after the application of 12% static tensile force in isolated hPDL fibroblasts and 20% in MLO-Y4 cells. In contrast, a compressive force led to the attenuation of the Wnt1 gene expression in both hPDL fibroblasts and MLO-Y4 cells in a force-dependent manner. In the osteocyte-PDL coculture system, recombinant sclerostin attenuated Wnt1 in PDL, whereas the antisclerostin antibody upregulated its gene expression, indicating that mechanically-driven Wnt1 signaling in PDL might be regulated by osteocytic sclerostin. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide that Wnt1 signaling plays a vital role in tooth movement-initiated bone remodeling via innovative mechanotransduction approaches.
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Maeda H. Mass acquisition of human periodontal ligament stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1023-1031. [PMID: 33033562 PMCID: PMC7524700 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i9.1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The periodontal ligament (PDL) is an essential fibrous tissue for tooth retention in the alveolar bone socket. PDL tissue further functions to cushion occlusal force, maintain alveolar bone height, allow orthodontic tooth movement, and connect tooth roots with bone. Severe periodontitis, deep caries, and trauma cause irreversible damage to this tissue, eventually leading to tooth loss through the destruction of tooth retention. Many patients suffer from these diseases worldwide, and its prevalence increases with age. To address this issue, regenerative medicine for damaged PDL tissue as well as the surrounding tissues has been extensively investigated regarding the potential and effectiveness of stem cells, scaffolds, and cytokines as well as their combined applications. In particular, PDL stem cells (PDLSCs) have been well studied. In this review, I discuss comprehensive studies on PDLSCs performed in vivo and contemporary reports focusing on the acquisition of large numbers of PDLSCs for therapeutic applications because of the very small number of PDLSCs available in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidefumi Maeda
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan
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21
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Immunomodulatory Properties of Stem Cells in Periodontitis: Current Status and Future Prospective. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:9836518. [PMID: 32724318 PMCID: PMC7366217 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9836518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is the sixth-most prevalent chronic inflammatory disease and gradually devastates tooth-supporting tissue. The complexity of periodontal tissue and the local inflammatory microenvironment poses great challenges to tissue repair. Recently, stem cells have been considered a promising strategy to treat tissue damage and inflammation because of their remarkable properties, including stemness, proliferation, migration, multilineage differentiation, and immunomodulation. Several varieties of stem cells can potentially be applied to periodontal regeneration, including dental mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs), nonodontogenic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In particular, these stem cells possess extensive immunoregulatory capacities. In periodontitis, these cells can exert anti-inflammatory effects and regenerate the periodontium. Stem cells derived from infected tissue possess typical stem cell characteristics with lower immunogenicity and immunosuppression. Several studies have demonstrated that these cells can also regenerate the periodontium. Furthermore, the interaction of stem cells with the surrounding infected microenvironment is critical to periodontal tissue repair. Though the immunomodulatory capabilities of stem cells are not entirely clarified, they show promise for therapeutic application in periodontitis. Here, we summarize the potential of stem cells for periodontium regeneration in periodontitis and focus on their characteristics and immunomodulatory properties as well as challenges and perspectives.
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Ng TK, Chen CB, Xu C, Xu Y, Yao X, Huang L, Liang JJ, Cheung HS, Pang CP, Huang Y. Attenuated regenerative properties in human periodontal ligament-derived stem cells of older donor ages with shorter telomere length and lower SSEA4 expression. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 381:71-81. [PMID: 32043210 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal ligament (PDL) stem cell properties are critical in the periodontal tissue regeneration for periodontitis. Previously, we have demonstrated that cigarette smoking attenuates PDL-derived stem cell (PDLSC) regenerative properties. Here, we report the findings on the regenerative properties of human PDLSCs with different donor ages and the underlying mechanisms. Human PDLSCs from 18 independent donors were divided into different age groups (≤ 20, 20-40, and > 40 years old). The proliferation of PDLSCs with donor age of ≤ 20 years old was significantly higher than that of the 20-40- and > 40-years-old groups, whereas the migration of PDLSCs with donor age of ≤ 20 and 20-40 years old was significantly higher than that of the > 40-years-old group. Moreover, the mesodermal lineage differentiation capabilities of PDLSCs were also higher in the donor age group of ≤ 20 years old than the donor age of > 40 years old. In addition, shorter telomere length and lower expression of SSEA4 were found in PDLSCs with donor age of > 40 years old, compared with those with donor age of ≤ 20-years-old group. Besides, PDLSCs with donor age of 20-40 and > 40 years old had higher IL6 and CXCL8 gene expressions. In summary, results from this study revealed the attenuated proliferation, migration, and mesodermal lineage differentiation properties in human PDLSCs with older donor ages. Donor age of PDLSCs should be considered as the selection criteria for the periodontal tissue regeneration treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Chong-Bo Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Ciyan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxuan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaowu Yao
- Dentistry Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jia-Jian Liang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Herman S Cheung
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yuqiang Huang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
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23
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Tomokiyo A, Wada N, Maeda H. Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: Regenerative Potency in Periodontium. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 28:974-985. [PMID: 31215350 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontium is consisted of root cementum, bone lining the tooth socket, gingiva facing the tooth, and periodontal ligament (PDL). Its primary functions are support of the tooth and protection of tooth, nerve, and blood vessels from injury by mechanical loading. Severe periodontitis induces the destruction of periodontium and results in a significant cause of tooth loss among adults. Unfortunately, conventional therapies such as scaling and root planning are often only palliative. Therefore, the ultimate goal of the treatment for periodontitis is to restore disrupted periodontium to its original shape and function. Tissue engineering refers to the process of combining cells, scaffolds, and signaling molecules for the production of functional tissues to restore, maintain, and improve damaged organs. The discovery of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) highlighted the possibility for development of tissue engineering technology-based therapeutics for disrupted periodontium. PDLSCs are a kind of somatic stem cells that show potential to differentiate into multiple cell types and undergo robust clonal self-renewal. Therefore, PDLSCs are considered a highly promising stem cell population for regenerative therapy in periodontium; however, their rarity prevents the progression of basic and clinical researches. In this review, we summarize recent research advancement and accumulated information regarding the self-renewal capacity, multipotency, and immunomodulatory effect of PDLSCs, as well as their contribution to repair and regeneration of periodontium and other tissues. We also discuss the possibility of PDLSCs for clinical application of regenerative medicine and provide an outline of the genetic approaches to overcome the issue about the rarity of PDLSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tomokiyo
- 1Division of Endodontics and Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naohisa Wada
- 2Division of General Dentistry, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Maeda
- 1Division of Endodontics and Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.,3Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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24
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Kim HJ, Yoo JH, Choi Y, Joo JY, Lee JY, Kim HJ. Assessing the effects of cyclosporine A on the osteoblastogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and angiogenesis mediated by human periodontal ligament stem cells. J Periodontol 2019; 91:836-848. [PMID: 31680236 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was performed to investigate the effects of cyclosporine A (CsA) on the osteogenic differentiation, osteoclastogenic-supporting ability, and angiogenic potential of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). METHODS hPDLSCs were isolated from the extracted teeth of orthodontic patients. Cell proliferation was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red (ARS) staining. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to quantify transcripts. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) and tube formation assays on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were performed after treating cells with the conditioned media from CsA-exposed or non-exposed hPDLSCs. Signaling pathways mediating the angiogenic activity were investigated using western blotting. RESULTS CsA suppressed the proliferation of hPDLSCs but enhanced osteogenic differentiation as determined by ALP and ARS staining and PCR of osteogenic transcripts. The expressions of osteoclastogenic transcripts in hPDLSCs and the differentiation of BMMs treated with conditioned medium from CsA-exposed hPDLSCs were unaffected by CsA. However, the expressions of angiogenic transcripts and the transcripts known to support angiogenesis-phosphorylation of extracellular signal p-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38, and c-fos-were inhibited. Conditioned medium from CsA-exposed hPDLSCs suppressed the tube forming abilities of HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS CsA enhanced the osteogenic differentiation and reduced angiogenesis by blocking the ERK and p38/c-fos pathway in hPDLSCs. It is necessary to confirm whether this phenomenon is also observed in vivo in subsequent animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Joo Kim
- Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Periodontology and Institute of Translational Dental Science, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Yoo
- Department of Oral Physiology and Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - YunJeong Choi
- Department of Oral Physiology and Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Joo
- Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Periodontology and Institute of Translational Dental Science, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Youn Lee
- Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Periodontology and Institute of Translational Dental Science, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology and Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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25
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Ei Hsu Hlaing E, Ishihara Y, Wang Z, Odagaki N, Kamioka H. Role of intracellular Ca 2+-based mechanotransduction of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. FASEB J 2019; 33:10409-10424. [PMID: 31238000 PMCID: PMC6704454 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900484r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Human periodontal ligament (hPDL) fibroblasts are thought to receive mechanical stress (MS) produced by orthodontic tooth movement, thereby regulating alveolar bone remodeling. However, the role of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i)-based mechanotransduction is not fully understood. We explored the MS-induced [Ca2+]i responses both in isolated hPDL fibroblasts and in intact hPDL tissue and investigated its possible role in alveolar bone remodeling. hPDL fibroblasts were obtained from healthy donors' premolars that had been extracted for orthodontic reasons. The oscillatory [Ca2+]i activity induced by static compressive force was measured by a live-cell Ca2+ imaging system and evaluated by several feature extraction method. The spatial pattern of cell-cell communication was investigated by Moran's I, an index of spatial autocorrelation and the gap junction (GJ) inhibitor. The Ca2+-transporting ionophore A23187 was used to further investigate the role of [Ca2+]i up-regulation in hPDL cell behavior. hPDL fibroblasts displayed autonomous [Ca2+]i responses. Compressive MS activated this autonomous responsive behavior with an increased percentage of responsive cells both in vitro and ex vivo. The integration, variance, maximum amplitude, waveform length, and index J in the [Ca2+]i responses were also significantly increased, whereas the mean power frequency was attenuated in response to MS. The increased Moran's I after MS indicated that MS might affect the pattern of cell-cell communication via GJs. Similar to the findings of MS-mediated regulation, the A23187-mediated [Ca2+]i uptake resulted in the up-regulation of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (Rankl) and Sost along with increased sclerostin immunoreactivity, suggesting that [Ca2+]i signaling networks may be involved in bone remodeling. In addition, A23187-treated hPDL fibroblasts also showed the suppression of osteogenic differentiation and mineralization. Our findings suggest that augmented MS-mediated [Ca2+]i oscillations in hPDL fibroblasts enhance the production and release of bone regulatory signals via Rankl/Osteoprotegerin and the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway as an early process in tooth movement-initiated alveolar bone remodeling.-Ei Hsu Hlaing, E., Ishihara, Y., Wang, Z., Odagaki, N., Kamioka, H. Role of intracellular Ca2+-based mechanotransduction of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ei Ei Hsu Hlaing
- Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS DC2), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Odagaki
- Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamioka
- Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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26
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Current Trends and Future Perspective of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Exosomes in Corneal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122853. [PMID: 31212734 PMCID: PMC6627168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The corneal functions (transparency, refractivity and mechanical strength) deteriorate in many corneal diseases but can be restored after corneal transplantation (penetrating and lamellar keratoplasties). However, the global shortage of transplantable donor corneas remains significant and patients are subject to life-long risk of immune response and graft rejection. Various studies have shown the differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into various corneal cell types. With the unique properties of immunomodulation, anti-angiogenesis and anti-inflammation, they offer the advantages in corneal reconstruction. These effects are widely mediated by MSC differentiation and paracrine signaling via exosomes. Besides the cell-free nature of exosomes in circumventing the problems of cell-fate control and tumorigenesis, the vesicle content can be genetically modified for optimal therapeutic affinity. The pharmacology and toxicology, xeno-free processing with sustained delivery, scale-up production in compliant to Good Manufacturing Practice regulations, and cost-effectiveness are the current foci of research. Routes of administration via injection, topical and/or engineered bioscaffolds are also explored for its applicability in treating corneal diseases.
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27
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Detection, Characterization, and Clinical Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Periodontal Ligament Tissue. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:5450768. [PMID: 30224921 PMCID: PMC6129323 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5450768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a kind of somatic stem cells that exert a potential to differentiate into multiple cell types and undergo robust clonal self-renewal; therefore, they are considered as a highly promising stem cell population for tissue engineering. MSCs are identified in various adult organs including dental tissues. Periodontal ligament (PDL) is a highly specialized connective tissue that surrounds the tooth root. PDL also contains MSC population, and many researchers have isolated them and performed their detailed characterization. Here, we review the current understanding of the features and functions of MSC population in PDL tissues and discuss their possibility for the application of PDL regeneration.
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28
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Odagaki N, Ishihara Y, Wang Z, Ei Hsu Hlaing E, Nakamura M, Hoshijima M, Hayano S, Kawanabe N, Kamioka H. Role of Osteocyte-PDL Crosstalk in Tooth Movement via SOST/Sclerostin. J Dent Res 2018; 97:1374-1382. [PMID: 29863952 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518771331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sclerostin (Scl) negatively regulates bone formation and favors bone resorption. Osteocytes, the cells responsible for mechanosensing, are known as the primary source of Scl and are a key regulator of bone remodeling through the induction of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). However, the spatiotemporal patterns of Scl in response to mechanical stimuli and their regulatory mechanisms remain unknown. We investigated the regulatory dynamics of the SOST/Scl expression generated by orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in vivo and in vitro. In 8-wk-old male mice, coil springs were used to move the first molar mesially for 0, 1, 5, or 10 d. A regional histogram and the distribution patterns of the Scl expression showed that the Scl expression in the alveolar bone was increased on the compression side and peaked on day 5, with a gradual increase in the degree of significance. On day 10, the expression around the periodontal ligament (PDL)-alveolar bone boundary returned to the control level. Conversely, the expression of Scl on the tension side was only significantly decreased on day 1. Compressive force biphasically modulated the SOST/Scl expression in the isolated human PDL and thereby upregulated osteocytic SOST via paracrine activation in an osteocyte-PDL co-culture system designed to mimic OTM. This system did not affect the RANKL or OPG expression in osteocytes, suggesting that the bone resorption pathways are acted upon in a PDL-dependent and osteocyte-independent manner through RANKL/OPG signaling. Moreover, sclerostin neutralizing antibody significantly attenuated the upregulation of SOST that was induced by compressive force. In conclusion, our results provide evidence to support that factors secreted by the PDL, including SOST/Scl, control alveolar bone remodeling through osteocytic SOST/Scl in OTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Odagaki
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Y Ishihara
- 2 Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Z Wang
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - E Ei Hsu Hlaing
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - M Nakamura
- 2 Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - M Hoshijima
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - S Hayano
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - N Kawanabe
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - H Kamioka
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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29
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Soancă A, Lupse M, Moldovan M, Pall E, Cenariu M, Roman A, Tudoran O, Surlin P, Șorițău O. Applications of inflammation-derived gingival stem cells for testing the biocompatibility of dental restorative biomaterials. Ann Anat 2018; 218:28-39. [PMID: 29604386 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normal or inflamed gingival tissues are regarded as a source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) abundant and easily accessible through minimally invasive dental procedures. Due to the proximity of dental resin composites to gingival tissues and to the possible local cytotoxic effect of the eluted components, gingiva-derived MSCs could be used to investigate the biocompatibility of dental biomaterials. PURPOSE The present research aimed to isolate (MSCs) from inflamed and normal gingiva, to fully characterize them and to observe their behavior in relation with some commercial resin composite materials and one experimental material. MATERIAL AND METHODS Following their isolation, putative MSCs from both gingival sources were grown under the same culture conditions and characterized by immunophenotyping of cell surface antigens by flow-cytometry and transcription factors by immunocytochemical staining. Moreover, stemness gene expression was evaluated by RT-PCR analysis. Multipotent mesenchymal differentiation potential was investigated. Osteogenic and neurogenic differentiated cells were highlighted by immunocytochemical staining, chondrogenic cells by cytochemical staining, and adipocytes by cytochemical staining and spectrophotometry, respectively. Resin composite cytotoxicity was evaluated by cell membrane fluorescent labeling with PKH 26 and MTT assay. The results of PKH labeling were statistically analysed using two-way RM ANOVA with Bonferroni post-tests. For MTT assay, two-way RM ANOVA with Bonferroni post-tests and unpaired t test with Welch's correction were used. RESULTS A similar expression pattern of surface markers was observed. The cells were positive for CD105, CD73, CD90, CD49e, CD29, CD44 and CD166 and negative for CD45, CD34, CD14, CD79, HLA-DR and CD117 indicating a mesenchymal stem cell phenotype. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed a low gene expression for NOG, BMP4 and Oct3/4 and an increased expression for Nanog in both cells lines. Immunocytochemical analysis highlighted a more intense protein expression for Nanog, Oct3/4 and Sox-2 in MSCs derived from normal gingiva than from inflamed gingiva. Multipotent differentiation capacity of MSCs isolated from both sources was highlighted. The tested materials had no hazardous effect on MSCs as the two cell lines developed well onto resin composite substrates. Cell counting revealed some significant differences in the number of PKH-labeled MSCs at some experimental moments. Also, some differences in cell viability were recorded indicating better developmental conditions offered by some of the tested biomaterials. CONCLUSIONS The experimental resin composite behaved like the most biocompatible commercial material. Inflamed gingiva-derived MSCs retain their stem cell properties and could be used as a valuable cell line for testing dental biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Soancă
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 15 V. Babeş St., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - M Lupse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Iuliu Moldovan St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - M Moldovan
- Raluca Ripan Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele St., 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - E Pall
- Department of Veterinary Reproduction, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăştur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - M Cenariu
- Department of Veterinary Reproduction, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăştur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - A Roman
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 15 V. Babeş St., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - O Tudoran
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii St., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - P Surlin
- Department of Periodontology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Petru Rareş St., 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - O Șorițău
- Laboratory of Radiotherapy, Tumor and Radiobiology, Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii St., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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30
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Yam GHF, Teo EPW, Setiawan M, Lovatt MJ, Yusoff NZBM, Fuest M, Goh BT, Mehta JS. Postnatal periodontal ligament as a novel adult stem cell source for regenerative corneal cell therapy. J Cell Mol Med 2018. [PMID: 29536619 PMCID: PMC5980160 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal opacities are a leading cause of global blindness. They are conventionally treated by the transplantation of donor corneal tissue, which is, restricted by a worldwide donor material shortage and allograft rejection. Autologous adult stem cells with a potential to differentiate into corneal stromal keratocytes (CSKs) could offer a suitable choice of cells for regenerative cell therapy. Postnatal periodontal ligament (PDL) contains a population of adult stem cells, which has a similar embryological origin as CSK, that is cranial neural crest. We harvested PDL cells from young adult teeth extracted because of non-functional or orthodontic reason and differentiated them towards CSK phenotype using a two-step protocol with spheroid formation followed by growth factor and cytokine induction in a stromal environment (human amnion stroma and porcine corneal stroma). Our results showed that the PDL-differentiated CSK-like cells expressed CSK markers (CD34, ALDH3A1, keratocan, lumican, CHST6, B3GNT7 and Col8A2) and had minimal expression of genes related to fibrosis and other lineages (vasculogenesis, adipogenesis, myogenesis, epitheliogenesis, neurogenesis and hematogenesis). Introduction of PDL spheroids into the stroma of porcine corneas resulted in extensive migration of cells inside the host stroma after 14-day organ culture. Their quiescent nature and uniform cell distribution resembled to that of mature CSKs inside the native stroma. Our results demonstrated the potential translation of PDL cells for regenerative corneal cell therapy for corneal opacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Hin-Fai Yam
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Research Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ericia Pei-Wen Teo
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Melina Setiawan
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Matthew J Lovatt
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Research Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | | | - Matthias Fuest
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bee-Tin Goh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Dental Centre, Singapore
| | - Jodhbir S Mehta
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Research Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore.,Cornea and External Eye Disease Service Team, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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31
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Teh SW, Mok PL, Abd Rashid M, Bastion MLC, Ibrahim N, Higuchi A, Murugan K, Mariappan R, Subbiah SK. Recent Updates on Treatment of Ocular Microbial Infections by Stem Cell Therapy: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020558. [PMID: 29438279 PMCID: PMC5855780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular microbial infection has emerged as a major public health crisis during the past two decades. A variety of causative agents can cause ocular microbial infections; which are characterized by persistent and destructive inflammation of the ocular tissue; progressive visual disturbance; and may result in loss of visual function in patients if early and effective treatments are not received. The conventional therapeutic approaches to treat vision impairment and blindness resulting from microbial infections involve antimicrobial therapy to eliminate the offending pathogens or in severe cases; by surgical methods and retinal prosthesis replacing of the infected area. In cases where there is concurrent inflammation, once infection is controlled, anti-inflammatory agents are indicated to reduce ocular damage from inflammation which ensues. Despite advances in medical research; progress in the control of ocular microbial infections remains slow. The varying level of ocular tissue recovery in individuals and the incomplete visual functional restoration indicate the chief limitations of current strategies. The development of a more extensive therapy is needed to help in healing to regain vision in patients. Stem cells are multipotent stromal cells that can give rise to a vast variety of cell types following proper differentiation protocol. Stem cell therapy shows promise in reducing inflammation and repairing tissue damage on the eye caused by microbial infections by its ability to modulate immune response and promote tissue regeneration. This article reviews a selected list of common infectious agents affecting the eye; which include fungi; viruses; parasites and bacteria with the aim of discussing the current antimicrobial treatments and the associated therapeutic challenges. We also provide recent updates of the advances in stem cells studies on sepsis therapy as a suggestion of optimum treatment regime for ocular microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoh Wei Teh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Pooi Ling Mok
- Department of Biomedical Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Aljouf University, 72442 Sakaka, Aljouf Province, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Munirah Abd Rashid
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Center, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mae-Lynn Catherine Bastion
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Center, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Normala Ibrahim
- Department of Psychiatry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Akon Higuchi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda RD., Jhongli, 32001 Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Kadarkarai Murugan
- Department of Zoology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, 632 115 Vellore, India.
| | - Rajan Mariappan
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021 Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Suresh Kumar Subbiah
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Bakopoulou A, Apatzidou D, Aggelidou E, Gousopoulou E, Leyhausen G, Volk J, Kritis A, Koidis P, Geurtsen W. Isolation and prolonged expansion of oral mesenchymal stem cells under clinical-grade, GMP-compliant conditions differentially affects "stemness" properties. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:247. [PMID: 29096714 PMCID: PMC5667471 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0705-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Development of clinical-grade cell preparations is central to meeting the regulatory requirements for cellular therapies under good manufacturing practice-compliant (cGMP) conditions. Since addition of animal serum in culture media may compromise safe and efficient expansion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for clinical use, this study aimed to investigate the potential of two serum/xeno-free, cGMP culture systems to maintain long-term “stemness” of oral MSCs (dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and alveolar bone marrow MSCs (aBMMSCs)), compared to conventional serum-based expansion. Methods DPSC and aBMMSC cultures (n = 6/cell type) were established from pulp and alveolar osseous biopsies respectively. Three culture systems were used: StemPro_MSC/SFM_XenoFree (Life Technologies); StemMacs_MSC/XF (Miltenyi Biotek); and α-MEM (Life Technologies) with 15% fetal bovine serum. Growth (population doublings (PDs)), immunophenotypic (flow cytometric analysis of MSC markers) and senescence (β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity; telomere length) characteristics were determined during prolonged expansion. Gene expression patterns of osteogenic (ALP, BMP-2), adipogenic (LPL, PPAR-γ) and chondrogenic (ACAN, SOX-9) markers and maintenance of multilineage differentiation potential were determined by real-time PCR. Results Similar isolation efficiency and stable growth dynamics up to passage 10 were observed for DPSCs under all expansion conditions. aBMMSCs showed lower cumulative PDs compared to DPSCs, and when StemMacs was used substantial delays in cell proliferation were noted after passages 6–7. Serum/xeno-free expansion produced cultures with homogeneous spindle-shaped phenotypes, while serum-based expansion preserved differential heterogeneous characteristics of each MSC population. Prolonged expansion of both MSC types but in particular the serum/xeno-free-expanded aBMMSCs was associated with downregulation of CD146, CD105, Stro-1, SSEA-1 and SSEA-4, but not CD90, CD73 and CD49f, in parallel with an increase of SA-gal-positive cells, cell size and granularity and a decrease in telomere length. Expansion under both serum-free systems resulted in “osteogenic pre-disposition”, evidenced by upregulation of osteogenic markers and elimination of chondrogenic and adipogenic markers, while serum-based expansion produced only minor changes. DPSCs retained a diminishing (CCM, StemPro) or increasing (StemMacs) mineralization potential with passaging, while aBMMSCs lost this potential after passages 6–7 under all expansion conditions. Conclusions These findings indicate there is still a vacant role for development of qualified protocols for clinical-grade expansion of oral MSCs; a key milestone achievement for translation of research from the bench to clinics. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0705-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Bakopoulou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece. .,cGMP Regenerative Medicine Facility, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), Thessaloniki, Greece. .,Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany.
| | - Danae Apatzidou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Aggelidou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), Thessaloniki, Greece.,cGMP Regenerative Medicine Facility, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Gousopoulou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Gabriele Leyhausen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Joachim Volk
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Aristeidis Kritis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), Thessaloniki, Greece.,cGMP Regenerative Medicine Facility, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Petros Koidis
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Werner Geurtsen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
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Truntipakorn A, Makeudom A, Sastraruji T, Pavasant P, Pattamapun K, Krisanaprakornkit S. Effects of prostaglandin E 2 on clonogenicity, proliferation and expression of pluripotent markers in human periodontal ligament cells. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 83:130-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Rodas-Junco BA, Villicaña C. Dental Pulp Stem Cells: Current Advances in Isolation, Expansion and Preservation. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:333-347. [PMID: 30603490 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells with high self-renewal potential that have the ability to differentiate into several cell types. Thus, DPSCs have become a promising source of cells for several applications in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and stem cell therapy. Numerous methods have been reported for the isolation, expansion, and preservation of DPSCs. However, methods are diverse and do not follow specific rules or parameters, which can affect stem cell properties, adding more variation to experimental results. In this review, we compare and analyze current experimental evidence to propose some factors that can be useful to establish better methods or improved protocols to prolong the quality of DPSCs. In addition, we highlight other factors related to biological aspects of dental tissue source (e.g., age, genetic background) that should be considered before tooth selection. Although current methods have reached significant advances, optimization is still required to improve culture stability and its maintenance for an extended period without losing stem cell properties. In addition, there is still much that needs to be done toward clinical application due to the fact that most of DPSCs procedures are not currently following good manufacturing practices. The establishment of optimized general or tailored protocols will allow obtaining well-defined DPSCs cultures with specific properties, which enable more reproducible results that will be the basis to develop effective and safe therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz A Rodas-Junco
- CONACYT - Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Campus de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Periférico Norte Kilómetro 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615 Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, CP 97203 Mérida, Yucatán México
| | - Claudia Villicaña
- CONACYT - Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Campus de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Periférico Norte Kilómetro 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615 Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, CP 97203 Mérida, Yucatán México
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Kaku M, Kitami M, Rosales Rocabado JM, Ida T, Akiba Y, Uoshima K. Recruitment of bone marrow-derived cells to the periodontal ligament via the stromal cell-derived factor-1/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 axis. J Periodontal Res 2017; 52:686-694. [PMID: 28177531 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The periodontal ligament (PDL) is a non-mineralized connective tissue that exists between the alveolar bone and root surface cementum and plays important roles in tooth function. The PDL harbors a remarkable reserve of multipotent stem cells, which maintain various types of cells. However, the sources of these stem cells, other than their developmental origin, are not well understood. MATERIAL AND METHODS To elucidate the recruitment of bone marrow (BM)-derived stem cells in the PDL, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing BM-derived cells were transplanted into the femoral BM of immunodeficient rats, and the distribution and expression of stem cell markers in the PDL were analyzed in vivo. To evaluate the functional significance of BM-derived cells to the PDL, tooth replantation was performed and the expression of stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1, a critical chemotactic signal for mesenchymal stem cell recruitment, was analyzed. To confirm the SDF-1-dependency of BM-derived cell migration to the PDL, PDL-conditioned medium (CM) was prepared, and BM-derived cell migration was analyzed using a transwell culture system. RESULTS Four weeks after cell transplantation, GFP-positive cells were detected in the PDL, and some of them were also positive for stem cell markers (i.e., CD29, SSEA4, and αSMA). Seven days after tooth replantation, the number of GFP- and SDF-1-positive cells significantly increased in PDL. Concurrently, the concentration of SDF-1 and the number of colony-forming units of fibroblasts in peripheral blood were increased. BM-derived cell migration increased in PDL-CM and was inhibited by an inhibitor of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), an SDF-1 receptor. CONCLUSION These results indicate that stem cells and their progeny in PDL are not only derived from their developmental origin but are also supplied from the BM via the blood as the need arises. Moreover, this BM-derived cell recruitment appears to be regulated, at least partially, by the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kaku
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - M Kitami
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - J M Rosales Rocabado
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - T Ida
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Y Akiba
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - K Uoshima
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Human dental follicle cells express embryonic, mesenchymal and neural stem cells markers. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 73:121-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Trubiani O, Guarnieri S, Diomede F, Mariggiò MA, Merciaro I, Morabito C, Cavalcanti MFXB, Cocco L, Ramazzotti G. Nuclear translocation of PKCα isoenzyme is involved in neurogenic commitment of human neural crest-derived periodontal ligament stem cells. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1631-41. [PMID: 27478064 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells isolated from human adult tissue niche represent a promising source for neural differentiation. Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells (hPDLSCs) originating from the neural crest are particularly suitable for induction of neural commitment. In this study, under xeno-free culture conditions, in undifferentiated hPDLSCs and in hPDLSCs induced to neuronal differentiation by basic Fibroblast Growth Factor, the level of some neural markers have been analyzed. The hPDLSCs spontaneously express Nestin, a neural progenitor marker. In these cells, the neurogenic process induced to rearrange the cytoskeleton, form neurospheres and express higher levels of Nestin and Tyrosine Hydroxylase, indicating neural induction. Protein Kinase C (PKC) is highly expressed in neural tissue and has a key role in neuronal functions. In particular the Ca(2+) and diacylglycerol-dependent activation of PKCα isozyme is involved in the regulation of neuronal differentiation. Another main component of the pathways controlling neuronal differentiation is the Growth Associated Protein-43 (GAP-43), whose activity is strictly regulated by PKC. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of PKCα/GAP-43 nuclear signal transduction pathway during neuronal commitment of hPDLSCs. During hPDLSCs neurogenic commitment the levels of p-PKC and p-GAP-43 increased both in cytoplasmic and nuclear compartment. PKCα nuclear translocation induced GAP-43 movement to the cytoplasm, where it is known to regulate growth cone dynamics and neuronal differentiation. Moreover, the degree of cytosolic Ca(2+) mobilization appeared to be more pronounced in differentiated hPDLSCs than in undifferentiated cells. This study provides evidences of a new PKCα/GAP-43 nuclear signalling pathway that controls neuronal differentiation in hPDLSCs, leading the way to a potential use of these cells in cell-based therapy in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Trubiani
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Simone Guarnieri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences - CeSI-MET, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Diomede
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria A Mariggiò
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences - CeSI-MET, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ilaria Merciaro
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Caterina Morabito
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences - CeSI-MET, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marcos F X B Cavalcanti
- Faculté de Médecine, UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 9, avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lés-Nancy, France; Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Galvão Bueno 868, 01506-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Ramazzotti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Generation of functional hepatocyte-like cells from human deciduous periodontal ligament stem cells. Naturwissenschaften 2016; 103:62. [PMID: 27379400 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-016-1387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human deciduous periodontal ligament stem cells have been introduced for as an easily accessible source of stem cells from dental origin. Although recent studies have revealed the ability of these stem cells in multipotential attribute, their efficiency of hepatic lineage differentiation has not been addressed so far. The aim of this study is to investigate hepatic lineage fate competence of periodontal ligament stem cells through direct media induction. Differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells was conducted by the exposure of two phase media induction. First phase was performed in the presence of hepatocyte growth factors to induce a definitive endoderm formation. In the subsequent phase, the cells were treated with oncostatin M and dexamethosone followed by insulin and transferrin to generate hepatocyte-like cells. Hepatic-related characters of the generated hepatocyte-like cells were determined at both mRNA and protein level followed by functional assays. Foremost changes observed in the generation of hepatocyte-like cells were the morphological features in which these cells were transformed from fibroblastic shape to polygonal shape. Temporal expression of hepatic markers ranging from early endodermal up to late markers were detected in the hepatocyte-like cells. Crucial hepatic markers such as glycogen storage, albumin, and urea secretion were also shown. These findings exhibited the ability of periodontal ligament stem cells of dental origin to be directed into hepatic lineage fate. These cells can be regarded as an alternative autologous source in the usage of stem cell-based treatment for liver diseases.
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Kawasaki T, Takahashi M, Yajima H, Mori Y, Kawakami K. Six1 is required for mouse dental follicle cell and human periodontal ligament-derived cell proliferation. Dev Growth Differ 2016; 58:530-45. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Kawasaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Jichi Medical University; 3311-1, Yakushiji Shimotsuke Tochigi 329-0498 Japan
- Division of Biology; Center for Molecular Medicine; Jichi Medical University; 3311-1, Yakushiji Shimotsuke Tochigi 329-0498 Japan
| | - Masanori Takahashi
- Division of Biology; Center for Molecular Medicine; Jichi Medical University; 3311-1, Yakushiji Shimotsuke Tochigi 329-0498 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yajima
- Division of Biology; Center for Molecular Medicine; Jichi Medical University; 3311-1, Yakushiji Shimotsuke Tochigi 329-0498 Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Jichi Medical University; 3311-1, Yakushiji Shimotsuke Tochigi 329-0498 Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kawakami
- Division of Biology; Center for Molecular Medicine; Jichi Medical University; 3311-1, Yakushiji Shimotsuke Tochigi 329-0498 Japan
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Amorim BR, Silvério KG, Casati MZ, Sallum EA, Kantovitz KR, Nociti FH. Neuropilin Controls Endothelial Differentiation by Mesenchymal Stem Cells From the Periodontal Ligament. J Periodontol 2016; 87:e138-47. [PMID: 26962679 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.150603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal ligament (PDL) has been reported to be a source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).New vascular networks from undifferentiated cells are essential for repair/regeneration of specialized tissues, including PDL. The current study aims to determine potential of CD105(+)-enriched cell subsets of periodontal ligament cells (PDLSCs) to differentiate into endothelial cell (EC)-like cells and to give insights into the mechanism involved. METHODS CD105(+)-enriched PDLSCs were induced to EC differentiation by endothelial growth medium 2 (EGM-2) for 3, 7, 14, and 21 days, with mRNA/protein levels and functional activity assessed by: 1) real-time polymerase chain reaction; 2) Western blotting; 3) fluorescence-activated cell sorting; 4) immunohistochemistry; 5) immunofluorescence; 6) matrigel; and 7) small interfering RNA assays. RESULTS Data analyses demonstrated that EGM-2 treated PDLSCs presented increased expression of EC markers, including: 1) CD105; 2) kinase domain-containing receptor; and 3) Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1, and were able to form cord/tube-like structures. Gene and protein expression analysis showed that neuropilin 2 (NRP2), a key factor for vascular development, was significantly downregulated during EC differentiation. NRP2 was constitutively expressed in mouse PDL tissues by immunohistochemistry analysis, and NRP2 knockdown in CD105(+)-enriched PDLSCs resulted in increased cord/tube-like structures in a matrigel assay. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated the potential of CD105(+)-enriched PDLSCs to support angiogenesis, and NRP2 as a pivotal factor regulating this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna R Amorim
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina G Silvério
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcio Z Casati
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Enilson A Sallum
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco H Nociti
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Regenerative medicine using patient's own stem cells (SCs) to repair dysfunctional tissues is an attractive approach to complement surgical and pharmacological treatments for aging and degenerative disorders. Recently, dental SCs have drawn much attention owing to their accessibility, plasticity and applicability for regenerative use not only for dental, but also other body tissues. In ophthalmology, there has been increasing interest to differentiate dental pulp SC and periodontal ligament SC (PDLSC) towards ocular lineage. Both can commit to retinal fate expressing eye field transcription factors and generate rhodopsin-positive photoreceptor-like cells. This proposes a novel therapeutic alternative for retinal degeneration diseases. Moreover, as PDLSC shares similar cranial neural crest origin and proteoglycan secretion with corneal stromal keratoctyes and corneal endothelial cells, this offers the possibility of differentiating PDLSC to these corneal cell types. The advance could lead to a shift in the medical management of corneal opacities and endothelial disorders from highly invasive corneal transplantation using limited donor tissue to cell therapy utilizing autologous cells. This article provides an overview of dental SC research and the perspective of utilizing dental SCs for ocular regenerative medicine.
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Szepesi Á, Matula Z, Szigeti A, Várady G, Szabó G, Uher F, Sarkadi B, Német K. ABCG2 is a selectable marker for enhanced multilineage differentiation potential in periodontal ligament stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:244-52. [PMID: 25101689 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) provide an important source for tissue regeneration and may become especially useful in the formation of osteogenic seeds. PDLSCs can be cultured, expanded, and differentiated in vitro; thus, they may be applied in the long-term treatment of the defects in the dental regions. Here we studied numerous potential markers allowing the selection of human PDLSCs with a maximum differentiation potential. We followed the expression of the ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) membrane transporter protein and isolated ABCG2-expressing cells by using a monoclonal antibody, recognizing the transporter at the cell surface in intact cells. The expression of the ABCG2 protein, corresponding to the so-called side-population phenotype in various tissue-derived stem cells, was found to be a useful marker for the selection of PDLSCs with enhanced osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation. These findings may have important applications in achieving efficient dental tissue regeneration by using stem cells from extracted teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Áron Szepesi
- 1 Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest, Hungary
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Pei Z, Wang B, Zhang F, Niu Z, Shi S, Cannon RD, Mei L. Response of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells to Baicalin. J Periodontol 2014; 85:1283-90. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.130635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kawanabe N, Fukushima H, Ishihara Y, Yanagita T, Kurosaka H, Yamashiro T. Isolation and characterization of SSEA-4-positive subpopulation of human deciduous dental pulp cells. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 19:363-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-014-1260-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Interaction of adult human neural crest-derived stem cells with a nanoporous titanium surface is sufficient to induce their osteogenic differentiation. Stem Cell Res 2014; 13:98-110. [PMID: 24858494 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenic differentiation of various adult stem cell populations such as neural crest-derived stem cells is of great interest in the context of bone regeneration. Ideally, exogenous differentiation should mimic an endogenous differentiation process, which is partly mediated by topological cues. To elucidate the osteoinductive potential of porous substrates with different pore diameters (30 nm, 100 nm), human neural crest-derived stem cells isolated from the inferior nasal turbinate were cultivated on the surface of nanoporous titanium covered membranes without additional chemical or biological osteoinductive cues. As controls, flat titanium without any topological features and osteogenic medium was used. Cultivation of human neural crest-derived stem cells on 30 nm pores resulted in osteogenic differentiation as demonstrated by alkaline phosphatase activity after seven days as well as by calcium deposition after 3 weeks of cultivation. In contrast, cultivation on flat titanium and on membranes equipped with 100 nm pores was not sufficient to induce osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, we demonstrate an increase of osteogenic transcripts including Osterix, Osteocalcin and up-regulation of Integrin β1 and α2 in the 30 nm pore approach only. Thus, transplantation of stem cells pre-cultivated on nanostructured implants might improve the clinical outcome by support of the graft adherence and acceleration of the regeneration process.
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Ng TK, Fortino VR, Pelaez D, Cheung HS. Progress of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for neural and retinal diseases. World J Stem Cells 2014; 6:111-119. [PMID: 24772238 PMCID: PMC3999769 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v6.i2.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex circuitry and limited regenerative power make central nervous system (CNS) disorders the most challenging and difficult for functional repair. With elusive disease mechanisms, traditional surgical and medical interventions merely slow down the progression of the neurodegenerative diseases. However, the number of neurons still diminishes in many patients. Recently, stem cell therapy has been proposed as a viable option. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a widely-studied human adult stem cell population, have been discovered for more than 20 years. MSCs have been found all over the body and can be conveniently obtained from different accessible tissues: bone marrow, blood, and adipose and dental tissue. MSCs have high proliferative and differentiation abilities, providing an inexhaustible source of neurons and glia for cell replacement therapy. Moreover, MSCs also show neuroprotective effects without any genetic modification or reprogramming. In addition, the extraordinary immunomodulatory properties of MSCs enable autologous and heterologous transplantation. These qualities heighten the clinical applicability of MSCs when dealing with the pathologies of CNS disorders. Here, we summarize the latest progress of MSC experimental research as well as human clinical trials for neural and retinal diseases. This review article will focus on multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, autism, glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration.
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Chamila Prageeth Pandula P, Samaranayake L, Jin L, Zhang C. Periodontal ligament stem cells: an update and perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 5:81-90. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - L.P. Samaranayake
- Department of Oral Biosciences; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - L.J. Jin
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Department of Comprehensive Dental Care; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
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Sawangmake C, Pavasant P, Chansiripornchai P, Osathanon T. High Glucose Condition Suppresses Neurosphere Formation by Human Periodontal Ligament-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:928-39. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenphop Sawangmake
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Veterinary Science; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- Research Unit of Mineralized Tissue; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Bioscience; Faculty of Veterinary Science; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Research Unit of Mineralized Tissue; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Piyarat Chansiripornchai
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Veterinary Science; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- DRU in Genetic and Anatomical Analyses of Craniofacial Structure; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
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Ronay V, Belibasakis GN, Attin T, Schmidlin PR, Bostanci N. Expression of embryonic stem cell markers and osteogenic differentiation potential in cells derived from periodontal granulation tissue. Cell Biol Int 2013; 38:179-86. [PMID: 24123724 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify if cells obtained from periodontal granulation tissue possess embryonic stem cell properties and osteogenic capacities in vitro. Periodontal granulation tissue was removed from one furcation and one infrabony defect (FGTC/IGTC-furcation/infrabony defect derived granulation tissue cells) of six patients. The extracted tissues were treated with collagenase/dispase solution, cultured and passaged twice, while a fraction of them was bacteriologically analyzed. Upon reaching confluence, total RNA was extracted, followed by cDNA synthesis and real-time PCR analysis. Gene expression levels of collagen type I, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the embryonic stem cell markers Nanog, Oct-4, Rex-1 and Sox-2 were measured, calibrated against the housekeeping gene GAPDH. Further, osteogenic differentiation was induced. Mineralized matrix formation was confirmed by von Kossa staining, and ALP activity was measured colorimetrically. The total bacterial load amounted to 9.4 ± 14.6 × 10(6) counts/mg of tissue for IGTC, and 11.1 ± 6.1 × 10(6) counts/of tissue for FGTC. Among the embryonic stem cell markers (FGTC/IGTC), Nanog was most highly expressed (3.48 ± 1.2/5.85 ± 5.7), followed by Oct-4 (1.79 ± 0.69/2.85 ± 2.5), Sox-2 (0.66 ± 0.3/1.26 ± 1.4) and Rex-1 (0.06 ± 0.0/0.04 ± 0.0). The osteogenic differentiation process was positive in both FGTC and IGTC, judged by increased von Kossa staining, and elevated ALP activity and gene expression. This study provides evidence that infected periodontal granulation tissue harbors cells expressing embryonic stem cell markers, and exhibiting osteogenic capacities when in culture in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Ronay
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
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