1
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Vergara X, Manjón AG, de Haas M, Morris B, Schep R, Leemans C, Friskes A, Beijersbergen RL, Sanders MA, Medema RH, van Steensel B. Widespread chromatin context-dependencies of DNA double-strand break repair proteins. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5334. [PMID: 38909016 PMCID: PMC11193718 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks are repaired by multiple pathways, including non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ). The balance of these pathways is dependent on the local chromatin context, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. By combining knockout screening with a dual MMEJ:NHEJ reporter inserted in 19 different chromatin environments, we identified dozens of DNA repair proteins that modulate pathway balance dependent on the local chromatin state. Proteins that favor NHEJ mostly synergize with euchromatin, while proteins that favor MMEJ generally synergize with distinct types of heterochromatin. Examples of the former are BRCA2 and POLL, and of the latter the FANC complex and ATM. Moreover, in a diversity of human cancer types, loss of several of these proteins alters the distribution of pathway-specific mutations between heterochromatin and euchromatin. Together, these results uncover a complex network of proteins that regulate MMEJ:NHEJ balance in a chromatin context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Vergara
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Cell Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna G Manjón
- Division of Cell Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel de Haas
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Morris
- NKI Robotics and Screening Center, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben Schep
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christ Leemans
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anoek Friskes
- Division of Cell Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roderick L Beijersbergen
- NKI Robotics and Screening Center, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mathijs A Sanders
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - René H Medema
- Division of Cell Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Bas van Steensel
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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2
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Shaghaghi Z, Alvandi M, Farzipour S, Dehbanpour MR, Nosrati S. A review of effects of atorvastatin in cancer therapy. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 40:27. [PMID: 36459301 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most challenging diseases to manage. A sizeable number of researches are done each year to find better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. At the present time, a package of chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy is available to cope with cancer cells. Regarding chemo-radiation therapy, low effectiveness and normal tissue toxicity are like barriers against optimal response. To remedy the situation, some agents have been proposed as adjuvants to improve tumor responses. Statins, the known substances for reducing lipid, have shown a considerable capability for cancer treatment. Among them, atorvastatin as a reductase (HMG-CoA) inhibitor might affect proliferation, migration, and survival of cancer cells. Since finding an appropriate adjutant is of great importance, numerous studies have been conducted to precisely unveil antitumor effects of atorvastatin and its associated pathways. In this review, we aim to comprehensively review the most highlighted studies which focus on the use of atorvastatin in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shaghaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Alvandi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Soghra Farzipour
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Heshmat Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Dehbanpour
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sahar Nosrati
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 Str, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Mohammadi E, Aliarab A, Babaei G, Habibi NK, Jafari SM, Mir SM, Memar MY. MicroRNAs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Application in prognosis, diagnosis, and drug delivery. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 240:154196. [PMID: 36356334 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a vital role in various cell biology processes, including cancer formation. These small non-coding RNAs could function as diagnostic and prognostic markers. They may involve esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and distinctive miRNA expression profiles; they are also known as therapeutic targets in human diseases. Therefore, in this study, the function of miRNAs was reviewed regarding the prognosis and diagnosis of ESCC. The changes in miRNAs before and after cancer therapy and the effects of miRNAs on chemo-susceptibility patterns were also investigated. MiRNA delivery systems in ESCC were also highlighted, providing a perspective on how these systems can improve miRNA efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Mohammadi
- Department of Nutrition, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
| | - Azadeh Aliarab
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghader Babaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Nasim Kouhi Habibi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mehdi Jafari
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mostafa Mir
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Yousef Memar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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4
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Li E, Xia M, Du Y, Long K, Ji F, Pan F, He L, Hu Z, Guo Z. METTL3 promotes homologous recombination repair and modulates chemotherapeutic response in breast cancer by regulating the EGF/Rad51 axis. eLife 2022; 11:75231. [PMID: 35502895 PMCID: PMC9094751 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
METTL3 and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) are involved in many types of biological and pathological processes, including DNA repair. However, the function and mechanism of METTL3 in DNA repair and chemotherapeutic response remain largely unknown. In present study, we identified that METTL3 participates in the regulation of homologous recombination repair (HR), which further influences chemotherapeutic response in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer (BC) cells. Knockdown of METTL3 sensitized these BC cells to Adriamycin (ADR; also named as doxorubicin) treatment and increased accumulation of DNA damage. Mechanically, we demonstrated that inhibition of METTL3 impaired HR efficiency and increased ADR-induced DNA damage by regulating m6A modification of EGF/RAD51 axis. METTL3 promoted EGF expression through m6A modification, which further upregulated RAD51 expression, resulting in enhanced HR activity. We further demonstrated that the m6A 'reader', YTHDC1, bound to the m6A modified EGF transcript and promoted EGF synthesis, which enhanced HR and cell survival during ADR treatment in breast cancer cells. Our findings reveal a pivotal mechanism of METTL3-mediated HR and chemotherapeutic drug response, which may contribute to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enjie Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingyue Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaili Long
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feiyan Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingfeng He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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5
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DNA damage alters EGFR signaling and reprograms cellular response via Mre-11. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5760. [PMID: 35388101 PMCID: PMC8986772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09779-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
To combat the various DNA lesions and their harmful effects, cells have evolved different strategies, collectively referred as DNA damage response (DDR). The DDR largely relies on intranuclear protein networks, which sense DNA lesions, recruit DNA repair enzymes, and coordinates several aspects of the cellular response, including a temporary cell cycle arrest. In addition, external cues mediated by the surface EGF receptor (EGFR) through downstream signaling pathways contribute to the cellular DNA repair capacity. However, cell cycle progression driven by EGFR activation should be reconciled with cell cycle arrest necessary for effective DNA repair. Here, we show that in damaged cells, the expression of Mig-6 (mitogen-inducible gene 6), a known regulator of EGFR signaling, is reduced resulting in heightened EGFR phosphorylation and downstream signaling. These changes in Mig-6 expression and EGFR signaling do not occur in cells deficient of Mre-11, a component of the MRN complex, playing a central role in double-strand break (DSB) repair or when cells are treated with the MRN inhibitor, mirin. RNAseq and functional analysis reveal that DNA damage induces a shift in cell response to EGFR triggering that potentiates DDR-induced p53 pathway and cell cycle arrest. These data demonstrate that the cellular response to EGFR triggering is skewed by components of the DDR, thus providing a plausible explanation for the paradox of the known role played by a growth factor such as EGFR in the DNA damage repair.
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6
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Vehlow A, Cordes N. Growth factor receptor and β1 integrin signaling differentially regulate basal clonogenicity and radiation survival of fibroblasts via a modulation of cell cycling. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2022; 58:169-178. [PMID: 35194763 PMCID: PMC8901520 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-022-00656-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins mediates resistance to radio- and chemotherapy by activating integrin signaling. In addition, mutual and cooperative interactions between integrin and growth factor receptor signaling contribute to the cellular radiation response. Here, we investigate to which extend the crosstalk between β1 integrins and growth factor receptor signaling determines the cellular radiation response of fibroblasts by assessing clonogenic survival and cell cycling. By utilizing growth factor signaling competent and either β1 integrin wildtype GD25β1A fibroblasts or β1 integrin mutant, signaling incompetent GD25β1B fibroblasts, we show basal clonogenic survival to depend on growth factor receptor but not integrin signaling. Our data further suggest the cooperation between β1 integrins and growth factor receptors to be critical for enhancing the radiation-induced G2/M cell cycle block leading to improved clonogenic radiation survival. By pharmacological inhibition of EGFR and PI3K, we additionally show that the essential contribution of EGFR signaling to radiogenic G2/M cell cycle arrest depends on the co-activation of the β1 integrin signaling axis, but occurs independent of PI3K. Taken together, elucidation of the signaling circuitry underlying the EGFR/β1 integrin crosstalk may support the development of advanced molecular targeted therapies for radiation oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Vehlow
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, PF 41, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nils Cordes
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, PF 41, 01307, Dresden, Germany. .,Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, PF 50, 01307, Dresden, Germany. .,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69192, Heidelberg, Germany.
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7
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Berry MR, Fan TM. Target-Based Radiosensitization Strategies: Concepts and Companion Animal Model Outlook. Front Oncol 2021; 11:768692. [PMID: 34746010 PMCID: PMC8564182 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.768692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
External beam radiotherapy is indicated in approximately 50-60% of human cancer patients. The prescribed dose of ionizing radiation that can be delivered to a tumor is determined by the sensitivity of the normal surrounding tissues. Despite dose intensification provided by highly conformal radiotherapy, durable locoregional tumor control remains a clinical barrier for recalcitrant tumor histologies, and contributes to cancer morbidity and mortality. Development of target-based radiosensitization strategies that selectively sensitizes tumor tissue to ionizing radiation is expected to improve radiotherapy efficacy. While exploration of radiosensitization strategies has vastly expanded with technological advances permitting the precise and conformal delivery of radiation, maximal clinical benefit derived from radiotherapy will require complementary discoveries that exploit molecularly-based vulnerabilities of tumor cells, as well as the assessment of investigational radiotherapy strategies in animal models that faithfully recapitulate radiobiologic responses of human cancers. To address these requirements, the purpose of this review is to underscore current and emerging concepts of molecularly targeted radiosensitizing strategies and highlight the utility of companion animal models for improving the predictive value of radiotherapy investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Berry
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Timothy M Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States.,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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8
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p85β alters response to EGFR inhibitor in ovarian cancer through p38 MAPK-mediated regulation of DNA repair. Neoplasia 2021; 23:718-730. [PMID: 34144267 PMCID: PMC8220107 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
EGFR signaling promotes ovarian cancer tumorigenesis, and high EGFR expression correlates with poor prognosis. However, EGFR inhibitors alone have demonstrated limited clinical benefit for ovarian cancer patients, owing partly to tumor resistance and the lack of predictive biomarkers. Cotargeting EGFR and the PI3K pathway has been previously shown to yield synergistic antitumor effects in ovarian cancer. Therefore, we reasoned that PI3K may affect cellular response to EGFR inhibition. In this study, we revealed PI3K isoform-specific effects on the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib. Gene silencing of PIK3CA (p110α) and PIK3CB (p110β) rendered cells more susceptible to erlotinib. In contrast, low expression of PIK3R2 (p85β) was associated with erlotinib resistance. Depletion of PIK3R2, but not PIK3CA or PIK3CB, led to increased DNA damage and reduced level of the nonhomologous end joining DNA repair protein BRD4. Intriguingly, these defects in DNA repair were reversed upon erlotinib treatment, which caused activation and nuclear import of p38 MAPK to promote DNA repair with increased protein levels of 53BP1 and BRD4 and foci formation of 53BP1. Remarkably, inhibition of p38 MAPK or BRD4 re-sensitized PIK3R2-depleted cells to erlotinib. Collectively, these data suggest that p38 MAPK activation and the subsequent DNA repair serve as a resistance mechanism to EGFR inhibitor. Combined inhibition of EGFR and p38 MAPK or DNA repair may maximize the therapeutic potential of EGFR inhibitor in ovarian cancer.
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9
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Frederick BA, Gupta R, Atilano-Roque A, Su TT, Raben D. Combined EGFR1 and PARP1 Inhibition Enhances the Effect of Radiation in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Models. Radiat Res 2020; 194:519-531. [PMID: 32936912 DOI: 10.1667/rr15480.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a challenging cancer with little change in five-year overall survival rate of 50-60% over the last two decades. Radiation with or without platinum-based drugs remains the standard of care despite limited benefit and high toxicity. HNSCCs often overexpress epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and inhibition of EGFR signaling enhances radiation sensitivity by interfering with repair of radiation-induced DNA breaks. Poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) also participates in DNA damage repair, but its inhibition provides benefit in cancers that lack DNA repair by homologous recombination (HR) such as BRCA-mutant breast cancer. HNSCCs in contrast are typically BRCA wild-type and proficient in HR repair, making it challenging to apply anti-PARP1 therapy in this model. A recently published study showed that a combination of EGFR and PARP1 inhibition induced more DNA damage and greater growth control than each single agent in HNSCC cells. This led us to hypothesize that a combination of EGFR and PARP1 inhibition would enhance the efficacy of radiation to a greater extent than each single agent, providing a rationale for paradigm-shifting combinatorial approaches to improve the standard of care in HNSCC. Here, we report a proof-of-concept study using Detroit562 HNSCC cells, which are proficient for DNA repair by both HR and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) mechanisms. We tested the effect of adding cetuximab and/or olaparib (inhibitors of EGFR and PARP1, respectively) to radiation and compared it to that of cisplatin and radiation combination, which is the standard of care. Our results demonstrate that the combination of cetuximab and olaparib with radiation was superior to the combination of any single drug with radiation in terms of induction of unrepaired DNA damage, induction of senescence, apoptosis and clonogenic death, and tumor growth control in mouse xenografts. Combined with our recently published phase I safety data on cetuximab/olaparib/radiation triple combination, the data reported here demonstrate a potential for combining biologically-based therapies that might optimize radiosensitization in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Frederick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado.,SuviCa, Inc., Boulder, Colorado
| | - Rohit Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Amandla Atilano-Roque
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Tin Tin Su
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado.,SuviCa, Inc., Boulder, Colorado
| | - David Raben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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10
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Anitua E, Troya M, Goñi F, Gómez P, Tierno R, Pino A. A Novel Autologous Topical Serum Based on Plasma Rich in Growth Factors Technology Counteracts Ultraviolet Light-Derived Photo-Oxidative Stress. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 33:67-81. [DOI: 10.1159/000507716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Fu E, Liu T, Yu S, Chen X, Song L, Lou H, Ma F, Zhang S, Hussain S, Guo J, Sun J, Yu P, Mao X, Wei L. M2 macrophages reduce the radiosensitivity of head and neck cancer by releasing HB‑EGF. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:698-710. [PMID: 32627036 PMCID: PMC7336513 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the potential role of human heparin‑binding epidermal growth factor (HB‑EGF) secreted by M2 macrophages in the development of radioresistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect radiosensitivity in human papilloma virus (HPV)‑positive and HPV‑negative HNSCC tissues and immunohistochemical staining with specific antibodies for macrophage surface markers was used to assess the infiltration of M1 and M2 macrophages in HPV‑positive and ‑negative HNSCC tissues. The expression of HB‑EGF in HPV‑positive and ‑negative HNSCC tissues was determined by multi‑cytokine detection in order to determine the relationship between HB‑EGF and radiosensitivity. M1 and M2 macrophages were co‑cultured with the HNSCC cell line CAL27 and treated with HB‑EGF and its neutralizing antibodies to assess radiation sensitivity. Finally, the major DNA double‑strand break repair pathways required for the activation of HB‑EGF and promotion of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were identified. The results revealed that radiosensitivity was higher in HPV‑positive HNSCC compared with HPV‑negative. There was a higher infiltration of M2 macrophages in HPV‑negative HNSCC, which were revealed as the main source of HB‑EGF secretion. Furthermore, it was determined that overexpression of HB‑EGF induced radioresistance in HPV‑negative HNSCC. HB‑EGF promoted the activation of the non‑homologous end‑joining pathway by activating EGFR. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the association between HB‑EGF and radiosensitivity in HNSCC. These results indicated that the secretion of HB‑EGF by M2 macrophages could induce radioresistance of HPV‑negative HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhui Fu
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Wu Lien‑Teh Institute, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Tianyang Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Wu Lien‑Teh Institute, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Siyang Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Wu Lien‑Teh Institute, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohang Chen
- The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518100, P.R. China
| | - Lianhao Song
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Wu Lien‑Teh Institute, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Huihuang Lou
- The Second Department of Microbiological Examination, Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Wenzhou, Wenzhou Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Fen Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Wu Lien‑Teh Institute, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Wu Lien‑Teh Institute, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Sajjad Hussain
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Wu Lien‑Teh Institute, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Junnan Guo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Tumor Hospital of HMU, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P.R. China
| | - Ji Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Tumor Hospital of HMU, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P.R. China
| | - Pingyang Yu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Tumor Hospital of HMU, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P.R. China
| | - Xionghui Mao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Tumor Hospital of HMU, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P.R. China
| | - Lanlan Wei
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Wu Lien‑Teh Institute, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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12
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Poreba E, Durzynska J. Nuclear localization and actions of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) system components: Transcriptional regulation and DNA damage response. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 784:108307. [PMID: 32430099 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system stimulates growth, proliferation, and regulates differentiation of cells in a tissue-specific manner. It is composed of two insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1 and IGF-2), six insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs), and two insulin-like growth factor receptors (IGF-1R and IGF-2R). IGF actions take place mostly through the activation of the plasma membrane-bound IGF-Rs by the circulating ligands (IGFs) released from the IGFBPs that stabilize their levels in the serum. This review focuses on the IGF-1 part of the system. The IGF-1 gene, which is expressed mainly in the liver as well as in other tissues, comprises six alternatively spliced exons that code for three protein isoforms (pro-IGF-1A, pro-IGF-1B, and pro-IGF-1C), which are processed to mature IGF-1 and E-peptides. The IGF-1R undergoes autophosphorylation, resulting in a signaling cascade involving numerous cytoplasmic proteins such as AKT and MAPKs, which regulate the expression of target genes. However, a more complex picture of the axis has recently emerged with all its components being translocated to the nuclear compartment. IGF-1R takes part in the regulation of gene expression by forming transcription complexes, modifying the activity of chromatin remodeling proteins, and participating in DNA damage tolerance mechanisms. Four IGFBPs contain a nuclear localization signal (NLS), which targets them to the nucleus, where they regulate gene expression (IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-5, IGFBP-6) and DNA damage repair (IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-6). Last but not least, the IGF-1B isoform has been reported to be localized in the nuclear compartment. However, no specific molecular actions have been assigned to the nuclear pro-IGF-1B or its derivative EB peptide. Therefore, further studies are needed to shed light on their nuclear activity. These recently uncovered nuclear actions of different components of the IGF-1 axis are relevant in cancer cell biology and are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Poreba
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Julia Durzynska
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
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Wang TH, Chen CC, Huang KY, Shih YM, Chen CY. High levels of EGFR prevent sulforaphane-induced reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 64:152926. [PMID: 31454652 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulforaphane (SFN) has been shown to induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibit epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated signaling in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC cells harboring constitutively active EGFR mutations are more sensitive to SFN treatment than cells with wild-type EGFR, but whether NSCLC cells with high levels of EGFR expression are more resistant or sensitive to SFN treatment is not known. STUDY DESIGN We employed a pair of cell lines, CL1-0 and CL1-5, which have the same genetic background but different levels of EGFR expression, to examine the effects of high EGFR level in the sensitivity to SFN. METHODS The effect of SFN on cell viability and tumorigenicity was examined by trypan blue dye-exclusion assay, clonogenic assays, flow cytometry, and immunoblotting in vitro as well as tumorigenicity study in vivo. ROS levels in cells were assessed by flow cytometry using the ROS-reactive fluorescent indicator CM-H2DCFDA. Knockdown of EGFR in CL1-5 cells was infected with an EGFR-targeting small hairpin (interfering) RNA (shRNA)-containing lentivirus. RESULTS We present evidence that cells with high-level EGFR expression (CL1-5) are more resistant to SFN treatment than those with low-level expression (CL1-0). SFN treatment produced a similar increase in ROS and caused arrest of a cell population at S-phase accompanied by the induction of γH2AX, a DNA damage-response marker, in both cell sublines. However, SFN induced apoptosis only in the high-EGFR-expressing CL1-0 subline. Pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine prevented SFN-induced apoptosis in CL1-0 cells and production of γH2AX in both CL1-0 and CL1-5 cells. shRNA-mediated knockdown of EGFR in CL1-5 cells rendered the cells susceptible to SFN-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION The cellular effects produced by SFN in NSCLC cells are largely mediated by SFN-induced production of ROS. Cells with higher levels of EGFR were more resistant to SFN treatment and showed resistance to SFN-induced apoptosis, suggesting that high EGFR levels protect cells from SFN-induced apoptosis. Despite this, we found that SFN retained the ability to inhibit the growth of NSCLC tumors with high-level EGFR expression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Hong Wang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan; Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chuan Chen
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Min Shih
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan; Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan.
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Shailender G, Patanla K, Malla RR. ShRNA-mediated matrix metalloproteinase-2 gene silencing protects normal cells and sensitizes cancer cells against ionizing-radiation induced damage. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:1332-1352. [PMID: 31489968 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ionizing radiation (IR) affects healthy tissues during the treatment of cancer radiation therapy and other nuclear and radiological accidents. Some natural compounds showed nonspecific radioprotective activity with severe side effects. The present study is aimed to develop potent and specific radioprotective short hairpin RNA (shRNA), which selectively protects normal cells from IR by specifically targeting matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2). RESULTS IR reduced the viability of human normal dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) in a dose-response manner. It enhanced the expression of MMP-2 at 10 Gy. Plasmid MMP-2shRNA (pMMP-2) reduced the IR (10 Gy) induced cytotoxicity analyzed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, normalized IR induced cellular and morphological changes with enhanced the clonogenicity in 48 hours at 2 µg/mL. It reduced the ROS generation, released HDFs from G2 /M arrest and rescued from apoptosis analyzed by DCFDA dye, cell cycle analysis by PI stain and annexin V assay, respectively. pMMP-2 also modulates the expression of EGFR and reduced IR induced expression of DNA damage response protein, ATM and increased the expression of repair proteins, KU70/KU80, and RAD51. In addition, decreased the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK1) and Cyclin B as well as proapoptotic proteins BAX, caspase-3, and Cytochrome-C and increased the expression of survival protein, Bcl-2. In contrary pMMP-2 decreased the LDH activity, survival fraction and blocked G2 /M phase of cell cycle and increased apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. In addition, decreased the expression of EGFR, proapoptotic BAX and DNA repair proteins ATM, KU70/80 and RAD51, increased expression of cyclinB as well as CDK1. CONCLUSION Results conclude that pMMP-2 protected HDFs from IR and sensitized the MCF-7 cells. Therefore, pMMP-2 can be employed for better treatment of radiation accidents and during the treatment of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gugalavath Shailender
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Vishakhapatnam, India
| | - Kiranmayi Patanla
- Department of Biotechnology, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Vishakhapatnam, India
| | - Rama Rao Malla
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Vishakhapatnam, India
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Li L, Huang Y, Gao Y, Shi T, Xu Y, Li H, Hyytiäinen M, Keski-Oja J, Jiang Q, Hu Y, Du Z. EGF/EGFR upregulates and cooperates with Netrin-4 to protect glioblastoma cells from DNA damage-induced senescence. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1215. [PMID: 30514230 PMCID: PMC6280426 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant central nervous system tumor. Alkylating agent, temozolomide (TMZ), is currently the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for GBM. However, the sensitivity of GBM cells to TMZ is affected by many factors. And, several clinic trials, including co-administration of TMZ with other drugs, have failed in successful treatment of GBM. We have previously reported that Netrin-4 (NTN4), a laminin-like axon guidance protein, plays a protective role in GBM cell senescence upon TMZ-triggered DNA damage. However, the master regulator of NTN4 needs further elucidation. Epidermal growth factor/Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF/EGFR) can modulate the expression of various extracellular matrix related molecules, and prevent DNA damage in GBM cells. In this study, we investigated the relationship between EGF/EGFR signaling and NTN4, and explored their effect on therapeutic efficacy in GBM cells upon TMZ treatment. METHODS Co-expression analysis were performed by using the RNA sequencing data from NIH 934 cell lines and from single cell RNA sequencing data of GBM tumor. The co-expressing genes were used for GO enrichment and signaling pathway enrichment. mRNA expression of the target genes were quantified by qPCR, and cell senescence were investigated by Senescence-Associated Beta-Galactosidase Staining. Protein phosphorylation were observed and analyzed by immunoblotting. The RNA sequencing data and clinical information of TMZ treated patients were extracted from TCGA-glioblastoma project, and then used for Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS Analysis of RNA sequencing data revealed a potential co-expression relationship between NTN4 and EGFR. GO enrichment of EGFR-correlated genes indicated that EGFR regulates GBM cells in a manner similar to that in central nervous system development and neural cell differentiation. Pathway analysis suggested that EGFR and its related genes contribute to cell adhesion, extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and caspase related signaling. We also show that EGF stimulates NTN4 expression in GBM cells and cooperates with NTN4 to attenuate GBM cell senescence induced by DNA damage, possibly via AKT and ERK. Clinical analysis showed that co-expression of EGFR and NTN4 significantly predicts poor survival in TMZ-treated GBM patients. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that EGF/EGFR regulates and cooperates with NTN4 in DNA damage resistance in GBM. Therefore, our findings provide a potential therapeutic target for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Oncology, the Second Clinical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuge Gao
- Department of Oncology, the Second Clinical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Shi
- Department of Oncology, the Second Clinical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyun Xu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huini Li
- Departments of Virology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, the Haartman Institute, Translational Cancer Biology Research Program and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Hyytiäinen
- Departments of Virology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, the Haartman Institute, Translational Cancer Biology Research Program and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Keski-Oja
- Departments of Virology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, the Haartman Institute, Translational Cancer Biology Research Program and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Qiuying Jiang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Clinical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yizhou Hu
- Departments of Virology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, the Haartman Institute, Translational Cancer Biology Research Program and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Present address: Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Zhimin Du
- Department of pharmacy, the Second Clinical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
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Kim JM, Choo JE, Kim KN, Kim YS. Potential protective effects of rhEGF against ultraviolet A irradiation-induced damages on human fibroblasts. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2018; 11:505-513. [PMID: 30410380 PMCID: PMC6199234 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s170697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Ultraviolet A (UVA) rays reach the dermal skin layer and generate oxidative stress, DNA damage, and cell inflammation, which in turn lead to photo-aging and photo-carcinogenesis. While there have been many studies about the beneficial effects of topical epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment in the healing of wounds, the effect of EGF on UVA-induced skin irritation remains unknown. To clarify the effects of EGF on UVA-induced skin damage, it was investigated whether EGF signaling can affect intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damages in UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts. Materials and methods Fibroblasts cultured with or without rhEGF were UVA-irradiated at 40 mJ/cm2 twice per day for 5 days. After the irradiation, the intracellular ROS levels and expression of catalase and superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) in the fibroblasts were ascertained. Further investigation to determine the effects of EGF on UVA-induced DNA damage, including a single cell gel electrophoresis assay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was carried out. Moreover, the NF-κB activity was ascertained in order to investigate the effects of EGF on UVA-irradiated fibroblasts. Results As a result, it was revealed that recombinant human EGF (rhEGF) inhibited UVA- increased intracellular ROS in the fibroblasts and increased the expression of catalase and SOD-1. Moreover, in UVA-irradiated fibroblasts, the longest DNA-damaged tails were observed, but this phenomenon was not detected in cells cotreated with both UVA and rhEGF. Also, it was observed that DNA damage induction, including that of cyclobutene pyrimidine dimers, pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts, and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, was caused by UVA irradiation. Similar to previous results, it was downregulated by rhEGF. Furthermore, rhEGF also inhibited NF-κB gene expression and the NF-κB p65 protein level in the nucleus induced by UVA irradiation. Conclusion These results suggest that EGF might be a useful material for preventing or improving photo-aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Min Kim
- Life Science Research Institute, Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., Yongin, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Choo
- Life Science Research Institute, Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., Yongin, Korea
| | - Ki Nam Kim
- Life Science Research Institute, Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., Yongin, Korea
| | - Yang Seok Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyng Hee University, Seoul, Korea,
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Barikbin R, Berkhout L, Bolik J, Schmidt-Arras D, Ernst T, Ittrich H, Adam G, Parplys A, Casar C, Krech T, Karimi K, Sass G, Tiegs G. Early heme oxygenase 1 induction delays tumour initiation and enhances DNA damage repair in liver macrophages of Mdr2 -/- mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16238. [PMID: 30389969 PMCID: PMC6214975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33233-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi drug resistance protein 2 knockout mice (Mdr2-/-) are a mouse model of chronic liver inflammation and inflammation-induced tumour development. Here we investigated the kinetics of early heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) induction on inflammation, tumour development, and DNA damage in Mdr2-/- mice. HO-1 was induced by intraperitoneal injection of cobalt protoporphyrin IX (CoPP) twice weekly for 9 consecutive weeks. Immediately after HO-1 induction, liver function improved and infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was reduced. Furthermore, we observed increased p38 activation with concomitant reduction of Cyclin D1 expression in aged Mdr2-/- mice. Long-term effects of HO-1 induction included increased CD8+ T cell infiltration as well as delayed and reduced tumour growth in one-year-old animals. Unexpectedly, DNA double-strand breaks were detected predominantly in macrophages of 65-week-old Mdr2-/- mice, while DNA damage was reduced in response to early HO-1 induction in vivo and in vitro. Overall, early induction of HO-1 in Mdr2-/- mice had a beneficial short-term effect on liver function and reduced hepatic T cell accumulation. Long-term effects of early HO-1 induction were increased CD8+ T cell numbers, decreased proliferation as wells as reduced DNA damage in liver macrophages of aged animals, accompanied by delayed and reduced tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roja Barikbin
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Berkhout
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Bolik
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dirk Schmidt-Arras
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Ernst
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Harald Ittrich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Adam
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann Parplys
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radio-Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Casar
- Medical Clinics I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Gabriele Sass
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Wang N, Wang L, Meng X, Wang J, Zhu L, Liu C, Li S, Zheng L, Yang Z, Xing L, Yu J. Osimertinib (AZD9291) increases radio‑sensitivity in EGFR T790M non‑small cell lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2018; 41:77-86. [PMID: 30365094 PMCID: PMC6278463 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Osimertinib (AZD9291) is a third generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has demonstrated significant clinical benefits in patients with EGFR‑sensitizing mutations or the T790M mutation. However, the potential therapeutic effect of osimertinib combined with ionizing irradiation (IR) is not well understood. The present study investigated treatment with osimertinib combined with IR in EGFR T790M non‑small cell lung cancer (NCI‑H1975) in vitro and in vivo. The results revealed that osimertinib inhibited proliferation and clonogenic survival following irradiation, decreased G2/M phase arrest in irradiated cells, and delayed DNA damage repair in a concentration‑ and time‑dependent manner. Furthermore, osimertinib alone or in combination with IR, blocked the phosphorylation of EGFR (Tyr1068/Tyr1173), protein kinase B and extracellular signal‑regulated kinase. Osimertinib also enhanced the antitumor activity of IR in tumor‑bearing nude mice. The results of the present study indicated that osimertinib has therapeutic potential as a radiation‑sensitizer in lung cancer cells harboring the EGFR T790M mutation, providing a rationale for clinically combining osimertinib with irradiation in EGFR T790M non‑small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Wang
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan‑Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Xiangjiao Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Jia Wang
- Asia Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Lifang Zhu
- Asia Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Changting Liu
- Asia Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Shaorong Li
- Asia Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Li Zheng
- Asia Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Zhenfan Yang
- Asia Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Ligang Xing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
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Rupp M, Mouhri ZS, Williams C, Jean-Claude BJ. Molecular analysis of the dual targeting of the epidermal growth factor receptor and the O 6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase with a double arm hybrid molecule. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35041-35055. [PMID: 30416678 PMCID: PMC6205551 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Disordered expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been associated with induction of DNA repair genes (e.g. XRCC1, ERCC1) and resistance to radiation and genotoxic drugs. However, our previous work showed that EGFR inhibition did not affect O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT)-mediated resistance. In order to block uncoupled events associated with EGFR and MGMT, we designed MR30, a single molecule termed “combi-molecule” that contains a quinazoline arm targeted to EGFR and an O6-benzylguanine (O6-BG) moiety to block MGMT. Molecular analysis of the mechanism of action of its two arms showed that: (a) it could block EGFR phosphorylation, (b) down-regulate the RAF-MAPK and the PI3K-AKT pathways, and (c) covalently modify MGMT through S-benzylation, as confirmed by MALDI analysis of a direct binding assay with isolated MGMT, (d) it induced a dose-dependent down-regulation of MGMT in lung and melanoma cells. The pleiotropic mechanism of action of MR30 culminated into strong growth inhibition (IC50: 0.018-6.02 μM), with superior activity when compared with an equimolar combination of gefitinib (a clinical EGFR inhibitor) and O6-BG (a known MGMT inhibitor). Pulse exposure experiments were required to attenuate the contribution of EGFR inhibition to the strong potency of MR30, thereby allowing to achieve the dose level required to sensitize cells to temozolomide (TMZ). Indeed, MR30 significantly sensitized EGFR-MGMT co-expressing cells to TMZ (p<0.05-0.0001). The results in toto suggest that MR30 is the first prototype of agents that may be used against tumours addicted to EGFR and to sensitize resistant tumours co-expressing EGFR and MGMT to TMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rupp
- Cancer Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center/Glen Hospital, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Zhor Senhaji Mouhri
- Cancer Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center/Glen Hospital, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Christopher Williams
- Scientific Support, Chemical Computing Group Inc., Montreal, QC, H3A 2R7, Canada
| | - Bertrand J Jean-Claude
- Cancer Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center/Glen Hospital, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
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Wang Y, Li N, Jiang W, Deng W, Ye R, Xu C, Qiao Y, Sharma A, Zhang M, Hung MC, Lin SH. Mutant LKB1 Confers Enhanced Radiosensitization in Combination with Trametinib in KRAS-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:5744-5756. [PMID: 30068711 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The MEK inhibitor trametinib radiosensitizes KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is being tested clinically with chemoradiation. However, variability in response to trametinib suggests that additional pathways are involved. The mechanism of resistance to trametinib radiosensitization is still unknown.Experimental Design: We used a panel of KRAS-mutant NSCLC cells and tested the radiosensitization effects of trametinib by clonogenic survival assay. Then, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the resistance to the combination therapy through several knockout and overexpression systems. Finally, we validated our findings in syngeneic mouse models in a treatment setting that mimicked the standard of care in the clinic.Results: Radiosensitization by trametinib was effective only in KRAS-LKB1-mutated cells with wild-type (WT) p53, and we found that restoring LKB1 expression in those cells blocked that sensitization. Trametinib and radiotherapy both induced senescence in a p53-dependent manner, but in WT LKB1 cells, the combination also activated the AMPK-autophagy pathway to rescue damaged cells from senescence. LKB1-knockout or autophagy inhibition in WT LKB1 cells potentiated trametinib radiosensitization. In syngeneic animal models of Kras-mutant lung tumors, Lkb1-knockout tumors were resistant to trametinib and chemoradiation given separately, but the combination greatly controlled tumor growth and prolonged survival.Conclusions: The LKB1 mutation in KRAS-mutant NSCLC conferred enhanced radiosensitization in combination with trametinib. The WT LKB1 could activate autophagy through AMPK pathway to induce resistance to the combination of trametinib and radiation. The KRAS-LKB1 mutation could potentially be a biomarker to select patients for trametinib and radiotherapy combination therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 24(22); 5744-56. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Weiye Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rui Ye
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Cai Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yawei Qiao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Amrish Sharma
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Steven H Lin
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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21
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Wang X, Gu Y, Liu H, Shi L, Sun X. Icotinib hydrochloride enhances chemo- and radiosensitivity by inhibiting EGFR signaling and attenuating RAD51 expression and function in Hela S3 cells. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:1245-1258. [PMID: 29551903 PMCID: PMC5843137 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s152613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy and cisplatin-based chemotherapy are currently considered as standard treatments employed for advanced cervical cancer (CC). However, patients with local recurrence or distant metastasis continue to have poor outcomes. EGFR overexpression correlated with chemo/radioresistance, and disease failure has been well proved in the previous studies. Hence, the aim of this study was to explore the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanism of the sensitization to radiation or cisplatin of icotinib hydrochloride (IH), a high-selective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), in the Hela S3 human CC cell line. Methods Cell proliferation was measured with cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to examine cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. The phosphorylation of EGFR and its downstream signaling molecules were measured by Western blot analysis. γ-H2AX foci and RAD51 foci in the cellular nucleus were visualized using immunofluoresence staining. Expression levels of RAD51 in the whole cells and subceullar fractions were detected to demonstrate the impact of IH on DNA repair. Results IH can significantly inhibit cell proliferation, redistribute cell cycle, enhance apoptosis and impair DNA damage response of Hela S3 cells following radiation or cisplatin treatment through suppressing the activation of the EGFR signaling pathway and attenuating the expression and function of homologous recombination (HR) protein RAD51. Conclusion This study suggests that IH is a potential sensitizer in radiotherapy and cisplatin-based chemotherapy for CC and RAD51 may serve as a prognosis biomarker for this combination treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxuan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liming Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaonan Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Deraska PV, O'Leary C, Reavis HD, Labe S, Dinh TK, Lazaro JB, Sweeney C, D'Andrea AD, Kozono D. NF-κB inhibition by dimethylaminoparthenolide radiosensitizes non-small-cell lung carcinoma by blocking DNA double-strand break repair. Cell Death Discov 2018. [PMID: 29531807 PMCID: PMC5841323 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-017-0008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite optimal chemotherapy, radiotherapy (RT), and/or surgery, non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related death in the US and worldwide. Thoracic RT, a mainstay in the treatment of locally advanced NSCLC, is often restricted in efficacy by a therapeutic index limited by sensitivity of tissues surrounding the malignancy. Therefore, radiosensitizers that can improve the therapeutic index are a vital unmet need. Inhibition of the NF-κB pathway is a proposed mechanism of radiosensitization. Here we demonstrate that inhibition of the canonical NF-κB pathway by dimethylaminoparthenolide (DMAPT) radiosensitizes NSCLC by blocking DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. NF-κB inhibition results in significant impairment of both homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), as well as reductions in ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DNA repair biomarkers. NF-κB inhibition by DMAPT shows preclinical potential for further investigation as a NSCLC radiosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter V Deraska
- 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Colin O'Leary
- 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Hunter D Reavis
- 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Shelby Labe
- 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Tru-Khang Dinh
- 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jean-Bernard Lazaro
- 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA.,2Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Christopher Sweeney
- 3Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Alan D D'Andrea
- 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA.,2Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA.,4Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - David Kozono
- 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
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23
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Toulany M, Iida M, Keinath S, Iyi FF, Mueck K, Fehrenbacher B, Mansour WY, Schaller M, Wheeler DL, Rodemann HP. Dual targeting of PI3K and MEK enhances the radiation response of K-RAS mutated non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:43746-43761. [PMID: 27248324 PMCID: PMC5190057 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant contribution of radiotherapy to non-small lung cancer (NSCLC), radioresistance still occurs. One of the major radioresistance mechanisms is the hyperactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in which Akt facilitates the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) through the stimulation of DNA-PKcs. We investigated if targeting PI3K would be a potential approach for enhancing the radiosensitivity of K-RAS mutated (K-RASmut) NSCLC cell lines A549 and H460. Short-term (1-2 h) pre-treatment of cells with the PI3K inhibitor PI-103 (1 μM) inhibited Akt/DNA-PKcs activity, blocked DSBs repair and induced radiosensitivity, while long-term (24 h) pre-treatment did not. Lack of an effect after 24 h of PI-103 pre-treatment was due to reactivation of K-Ras/MEK/ERK-dependent Akt. However, long-term treatment with the combination of PI-103 and MEK inhibitor PD98059 completely blocked reactivation of Akt and impaired DSBs repair through non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) leading to radiosensitization. The effect of PI3K inhibition on Akt signaling was also tested in A549 mouse xenografts. P-Akt and P-DNA-PKcs were inhibited 30 min post-irradiation in xenografts, which were pretreated by PI-103 30 min before irradiation. However, Akt was reactivated 30 min post-irradiation in tumors, which were pre-treated for 3 h with PI-103 before irradiation. After a 24 h pretreatment with PI-103, a significant reactivation of Akt was achieved 24 h after irradiation. Thus, due to MEK/ERK-dependent reactivation of Akt, targeting PI3K alone is not a suitable approach for radiosensitizing K-RASmut NSCLC cells, indicating that dual targeting of PI3K and MEK is an efficient approach to improve radiotherapy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Toulany
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mari Iida
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Simone Keinath
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Firdevs F Iyi
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Mueck
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Wael Y Mansour
- Tumor Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Deric L Wheeler
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, Madison, WI, USA
| | - H Peter Rodemann
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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24
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Analyzing the influence of kinase inhibitors on DNA repair by differential proteomics of chromatin-interacting proteins and nuclear phospho-proteins. Oncotarget 2017; 8:110983-110993. [PMID: 29340031 PMCID: PMC5762299 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of radiotherapy and pharmacological inhibition of cellular signal transduction pathways offers promising strategies for enhanced cancer cell inactivation. However, the molecular effects of kinase inhibitors especially on DNA damage detection and repair after X-irradiation have to be understood to facilitate the development of efficient and personalized treatment regimens. Therefore, we applied differential proteomics for analyzing inhibitor-induced changes in either chromatin-bound or phosphorylated nuclear proteins. The effect of the multi kinase inhibitor sorafenib on DNA repair, chromatin binding and phosphorylation of nuclear proteins was analyzed in UT-SCC 42B head and neck cancer cells using metabolic labeling based differential proteomics (SILAC). Sorafenib significantly inhibited DNA repair but failed to significantly affect chromatin interactions of 90 quantified proteins. In contrast, analyzing nuclear phospho-proteins following sorafenib treatment, we detected quantitative changes in 9 out of 59 proteins, including DNA-repair proteins. In conclusion, the analysis of nuclear phospho-proteins by differential proteomics is an effective tool for determining the molecular effects of kinase inhibitors on X-irradiated cells. Analyzing chromatin binding might be less promising.
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25
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Piryani SO, Kam AYF, Kliassov EG, Chen BJ, Spector NL, Chute JP, Hsu DS, Chao NJ, Doan PL. Epidermal Growth Factor and Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor Signaling Are Synergistic for Hematopoietic Regeneration. Stem Cells 2017; 36:252-264. [PMID: 29086459 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic regeneration following chemotherapy may be distinct from regeneration following radiation. While we have shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF) accelerates regeneration following radiation, its role following chemotherapy is currently unknown. We sought to identify EGF as a hematopoietic growth factor for chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. Following 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), EGF accelerated hematopoietic stem cell regeneration and prolonged survival compared with saline-treated mice. To mitigate chemotherapy-induced injury to endothelial cells in vivo, we deleted Bax in VEcadherin+ cells (VEcadherinCre;BaxFL/FL mice). Following 5-FU, VEcadherinCre;BaxFL/FL mice displayed preserved hematopoietic stem/progenitor content compared with littermate controls. 5-FU and EGF treatment resulted in increased cellular proliferation, decreased apoptosis, and increased DNA double-strand break repair by non-homologous end-joining recombination compared with saline-treated control mice. When granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is given with EGF, this combination was synergistic for regeneration compared with either G-CSF or EGF alone. EGF increased G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR) expression following 5-FU. Conversely, G-CSF treatment increased both EGF receptor (EGFR) and phosphorylation of EGFR in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. In humans, the expression of EGFR is increased in patients with colorectal cancer treated with 5-FU compared with cancer patients not on 5-FU. Similarly, EGFR signaling is responsive to G-CSF in humans in vivo with both increased EGFR and phospho-EGFR in healthy human donors following G-CSF treatment compared with donors who did not receive G-CSF. These data identify EGF as a hematopoietic growth factor following myelosuppressive chemotherapy and that dual therapy with EGF and G-CSF may be an effective method to accelerate hematopoietic regeneration. Stem Cells 2018;36:252-264.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhna O Piryani
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Angel Y F Kam
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Evelyna G Kliassov
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Benny J Chen
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Neil L Spector
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - John P Chute
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David S Hsu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nelson J Chao
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Phuong L Doan
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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26
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Saki M, Makino H, Javvadi P, Tomimatsu N, Ding LH, Clark JE, Gavin E, Takeda K, Andrews J, Saha D, Story MD, Burma S, Nirodi CS. EGFR Mutations Compromise Hypoxia-Associated Radiation Resistance through Impaired Replication Fork-Associated DNA Damage Repair. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:1503-1516. [PMID: 28801308 PMCID: PMC5668182 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
EGFR signaling has been implicated in hypoxia-associated resistance to radiation or chemotherapy. Non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) with activating L858R or ΔE746-E750 EGFR mutations exhibit elevated EGFR activity and downstream signaling. Here, relative to wild-type (WT) EGFR, mutant (MT) EGFR expression significantly increases radiosensitivity in hypoxic cells. Gene expression profiling in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) revealed that MT-EGFR expression elevated transcripts related to cell cycle and replication in aerobic and hypoxic conditions and downregulated RAD50, a critical component of nonhomologous end joining and homologous recombination DNA repair pathways. NSCLCs and HBEC with MT-EGFR revealed elevated basal and hypoxia-induced γ-H2AX-associated DNA lesions that were coincident with replication protein A in the S-phase nuclei. DNA fiber analysis showed that, relative to WT-EGFR, MT-EGFR NSCLCs harbored significantly higher levels of stalled replication forks and decreased fork velocities in aerobic and hypoxic conditions. EGFR blockade by cetuximab significantly increased radiosensitivity in hypoxic cells, recapitulating MT-EGFR expression and closely resembling synthetic lethality of PARP inhibition.Implications: This study demonstrates that within an altered DNA damage response of hypoxic NSCLC cells, mutant EGFR expression, or EGFR blockade by cetuximab exerts a synthetic lethality effect and significantly compromises radiation resistance in hypoxic tumor cells. Mol Cancer Res; 15(11); 1503-16. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saki
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Haruhiko Makino
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Faculty of Medicine Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Prashanthi Javvadi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Nozomi Tomimatsu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Liang-Hao Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jennifer E Clark
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Elaine Gavin
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Kenichi Takeda
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Faculty of Medicine Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Joel Andrews
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Debabrata Saha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Michael D Story
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sandeep Burma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Chaitanya S Nirodi
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, Alabama.
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27
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Séry Q, Rabé M, Oliver L, Vallette FM, Gratas C. HB-EGF is associated with DNA damage and Mcl-1 turnover in human glioma cell lines treated by Temozolomide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:1377-1383. [PMID: 28970067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is the main chemotherapeutic agent used for treating newly diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), the most frequent malignant brain tumors in adults. This alkylating agent induces DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) which in turn lead to apoptosis by activating the Bcl-2 controlled mitochondrial pathway. However, GBM invariably recur as tumors become resistant to TMZ. We investigated the implication of EGFR ligands in this resistance and we found that the pro Heparin Binding Epidermal Growth Factor (proHB-EGF) expression is linked to the early response to TMZ in human glioma cell lines. However, HB-EGF does not affect apoptosis per se although its expression is associated with the degradation of Mcl-1. HB-EGF is implicated in DSBs repair as silencing of HB-EGF increased γH2AX foci half-life as well as USP9X expression, two features that could be linked to the observed effect on Mcl-1. Our data demonstrate a new role for HB-EGF in TMZ treated cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Séry
- Team 9 "Apoptosis and Tumor Progression" CRCINA-INSERM U1232, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LaBCT, Institut de Cancérologie de L'Ouest (ICO), St Herblain, Nantes, France
| | - Marion Rabé
- Team 9 "Apoptosis and Tumor Progression" CRCINA-INSERM U1232, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Lisa Oliver
- Team 9 "Apoptosis and Tumor Progression" CRCINA-INSERM U1232, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - François M Vallette
- Team 9 "Apoptosis and Tumor Progression" CRCINA-INSERM U1232, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LaBCT, Institut de Cancérologie de L'Ouest (ICO), St Herblain, Nantes, France.
| | - Catherine Gratas
- Team 9 "Apoptosis and Tumor Progression" CRCINA-INSERM U1232, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, Nantes, France.
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28
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Abstract
Cellular chromosomal DNA is the principal target through which ionising radiation exerts it diverse biological effects. This chapter summarises the relevant DNA damage signalling and repair pathways used by normal and tumour cells in response to irradiation. Strategies for tumour radiosensitisation are reviewed which exploit tumour-specific DNA repair deficiencies or signalling pathway addictions, with a special focus on growth factor signalling, PARP, cancer stem cells, cell cycle checkpoints and DNA replication. This chapter concludes with a discussion of DNA repair-related candidate biomarkers of tumour response which are of crucial importance for implementing precision medicine in radiation oncology.
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29
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Kalimutho M, Bain AL, Mukherjee B, Nag P, Nanayakkara DM, Harten SK, Harris JL, Subramanian GN, Sinha D, Shirasawa S, Srihari S, Burma S, Khanna KK. Enhanced dependency of KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer cells on RAD51-dependent homologous recombination repair identified from genetic interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:470-490. [PMID: 28173629 PMCID: PMC5527460 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating KRAS mutations drive colorectal cancer tumorigenesis and influence response to anti‐EGFR‐targeted therapy. Despite recent advances in understanding Ras signaling biology and the revolution in therapies for melanoma using BRAF inhibitors, no targeted agents have been effective in KRAS‐mutant cancers, mainly due to activation of compensatory pathways. Here, by leveraging the largest synthetic lethal genetic interactome in yeast, we identify that KRAS‐mutated colorectal cancer cells have augmented homologous recombination repair (HRR) signaling. We found that KRAS mutation resulted in slowing and stalling of the replication fork and accumulation of DNA damage. Moreover, we found that KRAS‐mutant HCT116 cells have an increase in MYC‐mediated RAD51 expression with a corresponding increase in RAD51 recruitment to irradiation‐induced DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) compared to genetically complemented isogenic cells. MYC depletion using RNA interference significantly reduced IR‐induced RAD51 foci formation and HRR. On the contrary, overexpression of either HA‐tagged wild‐type (WT) MYC or phospho‐mutant S62A increased RAD51 protein levels and hence IR‐induced RAD51 foci. Likewise, depletion of RAD51 selectively induced apoptosis in HCT116‐mutant cells by increasing DSBs. Pharmacological inhibition targeting HRR signaling combined with PARP inhibition selectivity killed KRAS‐mutant cells. Interestingly, these differences were not seen in a second isogenic pair of KRAS WT and mutant cells (DLD‐1), likely due to their nondependency on the KRAS mutation for survival. Our data thus highlight a possible mechanism by which KRAS‐mutant‐dependent cells drive HRR in vitro by upregulating MYC‐RAD51 expression. These data may offer a promising therapeutic vulnerability in colorectal cancer cells harboring otherwise nondruggable KRAS mutations, which warrants further investigation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Kalimutho
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Amanda L Bain
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Bipasha Mukherjee
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Purba Nag
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Devathri M Nanayakkara
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah K Harten
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Janelle L Harris
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Goutham N Subramanian
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Debottam Sinha
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Senji Shirasawa
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | - Sriganesh Srihari
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Sandeep Burma
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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30
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Murray HC, Dun MD, Verrills NM. Harnessing the power of proteomics for identification of oncogenic, druggable signalling pathways in cancer. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:431-447. [PMID: 28286965 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1304377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genomic and transcriptomic profiling of tumours has revolutionised our understanding of cancer. However, the majority of tumours possess multiple mutations, and determining which oncogene, or even which pathway, to target is difficult. Proteomics is emerging as a powerful approach to identify the functionally important pathways driving these cancers, and how they can be targeted therapeutically. Areas covered: The authors provide a technical overview of mass spectrometry based approaches for proteomic profiling, and review the current and emerging strategies available for the identification of dysregulated networks, pathways, and drug targets in cancer cells, with a key focus on the ability to profile cancer kinomes. The potential applications of mass spectrometry in the clinic are also highlighted. Expert opinion: The addition of proteomic information to genomic platforms - 'proteogenomics' - is providing unparalleled insight in cancer cell biology. Application of improved mass spectrometry technology and methodology, in particular the ability to analyse post-translational modifications (the PTMome), is providing a more complete picture of the dysregulated networks in cancer, and uncovering novel therapeutic targets. While the application of proteomics to discovery research will continue to rise, improved workflow standardisation and reproducibility is required before mass spectrometry can enter routine clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C Murray
- a School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation , University of Newcastle , Callaghan , NSW , Australia.,b Cancer Research Program , Hunter Medical Research Institute , Newcastle , NSW , Australia
| | - Matthew D Dun
- a School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation , University of Newcastle , Callaghan , NSW , Australia.,b Cancer Research Program , Hunter Medical Research Institute , Newcastle , NSW , Australia
| | - Nicole M Verrills
- a School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation , University of Newcastle , Callaghan , NSW , Australia.,b Cancer Research Program , Hunter Medical Research Institute , Newcastle , NSW , Australia
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31
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Konstantinidou C, Taraviras S, Pachnis V. Geminin prevents DNA damage in vagal neural crest cells to ensure normal enteric neurogenesis. BMC Biol 2016; 14:94. [PMID: 27776507 PMCID: PMC5075986 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-016-0314-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In vertebrate organisms, the neural crest (NC) gives rise to multipotential and highly migratory progenitors which are distributed throughout the embryo and generate, among other structures, the peripheral nervous system, including the intrinsic neuroglial networks of the gut, i.e. the enteric nervous system (ENS). The majority of enteric neurons and glia originate from vagal NC-derived progenitors which invade the foregut mesenchyme and migrate rostro-caudally to colonise the entire length of the gut. Although the migratory behaviour of NC cells has been studied extensively, it remains unclear how their properties and response to microenvironment change as they navigate through complex cellular terrains to reach their target embryonic sites. Results Using conditional gene inactivation in mice we demonstrate here that the cell cycle-dependent protein Geminin (Gem) is critical for the survival of ENS progenitors in a stage-dependent manner. Gem deletion in early ENS progenitors (prior to foregut invasion) resulted in cell-autonomous activation of DNA damage response and p53-dependent apoptosis, leading to severe intestinal aganglionosis. In contrast, ablation of Gem shortly after ENS progenitors had invaded the embryonic gut did not result in discernible survival or migratory deficits. In contrast to other developmental systems, we obtained no evidence for a role of Gem in commitment or differentiation of ENS lineages. The stage-dependent resistance of ENS progenitors to mutation-induced genotoxic stress was further supported by the enhanced survival of post gut invasion ENS lineages to γ-irradiation relative to their predecessors. Conclusions Our experiments demonstrate that, in mammals, NC-derived ENS lineages are sensitive to genotoxic stress in a stage-specific manner. Following gut invasion, ENS progenitors are distinctly resistant to Gem ablation and irradiation in comparison to their pre-enteric counterparts. These studies suggest that the microenvironment of the embryonic gut protects ENS progenitors and their progeny from genotoxic stress. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-016-0314-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Konstantinidou
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, NW7 1AA, UK.,Present address: MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Stavros Taraviras
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, GR 26 500, Greece.
| | - Vassilis Pachnis
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, NW7 1AA, UK.
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Rapid Diminution in the Level and Activity of DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase in Cancer Cells by a Reactive Nitro-Benzoxadiazole Compound. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050703. [PMID: 27187356 PMCID: PMC4881526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression and activity of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is related to DNA repair status in the response of cells to exogenous and endogenous factors. Recent studies indicate that Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is involved in modulating DNA-PK. It has been shown that a compound 4-nitro-7-[(1-oxidopyridin-2-yl)sulfanyl]-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NSC), bearing a nitro-benzoxadiazole (NBD) scaffold, enhances tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR and triggers downstream signaling pathways. Here, we studied the behavior of DNA-PK and other DNA repair proteins in prostate cancer cells exposed to compound NSC. We showed that both the expression and activity of DNA-PKcs (catalytic subunit of DNA-PK) rapidly decreased upon exposure of cells to the compound. The decline in DNA-PKcs was associated with enhanced protein ubiquitination, indicating the activation of cellular proteasome. However, pretreatment of cells with thioglycerol abolished the action of compound NSC and restored the level of DNA-PKcs. Moreover, the decreased level of DNA-PKcs was associated with the production of intracellular hydrogen peroxide by stable dimeric forms of Cu/Zn SOD1 induced by NSC. Our findings indicate that reactive oxygen species and electrophilic intermediates, generated and accumulated during the redox transformation of NBD compounds, are primarily responsible for the rapid modulation of DNA-PKcs functions in cancer cells.
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Holler M, Grottke A, Mueck K, Manes J, Jücker M, Rodemann HP, Toulany M. Dual Targeting of Akt and mTORC1 Impairs Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks and Increases Radiation Sensitivity of Human Tumor Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154745. [PMID: 27137757 PMCID: PMC4854483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin-complex 1 (mTORC1) induces activation of Akt. Because Akt activity mediates the repair of ionizing radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DNA-DSBs) and consequently the radioresistance of solid tumors, we investigated whether dual targeting of mTORC1 and Akt impairs DNA-DSB repair and induces radiosensitization. Combining mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin with ionizing radiation in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells (H661, H460, SK-MES-1, HTB-182, A549) and in the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 resulted in radiosensitization of H661 and H460 cells (responders), whereas only a very slight effect was observed in A549 cells, and no effect was observed in SK-MES-1, HTB-182 or MDA-MB-231 cells (non-responders). In responder cells, rapamycin treatment did not activate Akt1 phosphorylation, whereas in non-responders, rapamycin mediated PI3K-dependent Akt activity. Molecular targeting of Akt by Akt inhibitor MK2206 or knockdown of Akt1 led to a rapamycin-induced radiosensitization of non-responder cells. Compared to the single targeting of Akt, the dual targeting of mTORC1 and Akt1 markedly enhanced the frequency of residual DNA-DSBs by inhibiting the non-homologous end joining repair pathway and increased radiation sensitivity. Together, lack of radiosensitization induced by rapamycin was associated with rapamycin-mediated Akt1 activation. Thus, dual targeting of mTORC1 and Akt1 inhibits repair of DNA-DSB leading to radiosensitization of solid tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Holler
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 11, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Astrid Grottke
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Mueck
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 11, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Julia Manes
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 11, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - H. Peter Rodemann
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 11, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Toulany
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 11, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Tsukimoto M. Purinergic Signaling Is a Novel Mechanism of the Cellular Response to Ionizing Radiation. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 38:951-9. [PMID: 26133701 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest the effect of radiation is observed not only in irradiated cells but also in adjacent non-irradiated cells (bystander effect), although the mechanism has not yet been fully revealed. This bystander effect may be caused by intercellular communication via a gap junction or by messengers released from irradiated cells, such as reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, or cytokines. However, an unknown mechanism is also possible in the bystander effect. On the other hand, it is known that extracellular ATP, ADP, uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP), and uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP), which are released from cells, act as intercellular signaling molecules by activating purinergic P2X and P2Y receptors (purinergic signaling). Recently, I have suggested these extracellular nucleotides may be novel mediators of a radiation-induced bystander effect, because our recent studies indicated that purinergic signaling is involved in important cellular responses to radiation. Our data indicate that ionizing irradiation causes activation of the transient receptor potential melastatin type 2 (TRPM2) channel, and then ATP is released from cells through the anion channel or connexin43 hemichannel mediated by the activation of a P2X7 receptor. The released nucleotides activate P2Y6 and P2Y12 receptors, which are involved in the DNA damage response after irradiation. Activation of the P2Y6 receptor is also involved in radiation-induced activation of the epithelial growth factor receptor-extracellular signal regulated protein kinase (EGFR-ERK)1/2 pathway and subsequent nuclear translocation of EGFR, which plays a role in DNA repair. Further, the induction of an antioxidant after irradiation is also mediated by the activation of the P2Y receptor. In conclusion, purinergic signaling could play an important role in the protective cellular response to ionizing irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Tsukimoto
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
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Chang HY, Chang TC, Huang WY, Lee CT, Yen CJ, Tsai YS, Tzai TS, Chen SH, Chow NH. RON Nuclear Translocation under Hypoxia Potentiates Chemoresistance to DNA Double-Strand Break-Inducing Anticancer Drugs. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:276-86. [PMID: 26772202 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is associated with radioresistance, chemoresistance, and metastasis, which eventually lead to cancer progression and a poor patient prognosis. RON [also known as macrophage-stimulating protein receptor (MST1R)] belongs to the c-MET [also known as hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR)] receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) superfamily. To identify the interaction partners of RON nuclear translocation in response to hypoxia, the nuclear extract of TSGH8301 bladder cancer cells was immunoprecipitated for tandem mass profiling analysis. Nuclear RON interacted with adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent DNA helicase 2 (Ku70) and DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) to activate nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA repair. The interaction was time dependent, extending 3 to 24 hours posthypoxia or until the components had been exposed to the chemotherapeutic drugs doxorubicin and epirubicin. Stable knockdown experiments in vitro suggest the importance of RON for the chemoresistance of cancer cells under hypoxia. In addition, the tyrosine kinase domain of nuclear RON is crucial for interaction with Ku70 under hypoxia. J82 cells transfected with RON showed a survival advantage in the presence of epirubicin and hypoxia. This suggests that nuclear RON activates NHEJ repair by interacting with Ku70/DNA-PKcs and inhibiting RON activity to increase cancer cell chemosensitivity. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(2); 276-86. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yi Chang
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chia Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ya Huang
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ta Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yen
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Shyan Tsai
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Shin Tzai
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Haw Chow
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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36
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Huang S, Peter Rodemann H, Harari PM. Molecular Targeting of Growth Factor Receptor Signaling in Radiation Oncology. Recent Results Cancer Res 2016; 198:45-87. [PMID: 27318681 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-49651-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation has been shown to activate and interact with multiple growth factor receptor pathways that can influence tumor response to therapy. Among these receptor interactions, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been the most extensively studied with mature clinical applications during the last decade. The combination of radiation and EGFR-targeting agents using either monoclonal antibody (mAb) or small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) offers a promising approach to improve tumor control compared to radiation alone. Several underlying mechanisms have been identified that contribute to improved anti-tumor capacity after combined treatment. These include effects on cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, tumor cell repopulation, DNA damage/repair, and impact on tumor vasculature. However, as with virtually all cancer drugs, patients who initially respond to EGFR-targeted agents may eventually develop resistance and manifest cancer progression. Several potential mechanisms of resistance have been identified including mutations in EGFR and downstream signaling molecules, and activation of alternative member-bound tyrosine kinase receptors that bypass the inhibition of EGFR signaling. Several strategies to overcome the resistance are currently being explored in preclinical and clinical models, including agents that target the EGFR T790 M resistance mutation or target multiple EGFR family members, as well as agents that target other receptor tyrosine kinase and downstream signaling sites. In this chapter, we focus primarily on the interaction of radiation with anti-EGFR therapies to summarize this promising approach and highlight newly developing opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyhmin Huang
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue K4/336 CSC, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center, WIMR 3136, 1111 Highland Ave Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - H Peter Rodemann
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paul M Harari
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue K4/336 CSC, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
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DONG WEI, LI BAOSHENG, WANG JUAN, SONG YIPENG, ZHANG ZICHENG, FU CHENGRUI, ZHANG PEILIANG. Diagnostic and predictive significance of serum microRNA-7 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:1449-56. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Myllynen L, Kwiatkowski M, Gleißner L, Riepen B, Hoffer K, Wurlitzer M, Petersen C, Dikomey E, Rothkamm K, Schlüter H, Kriegs M. Quantitative proteomics unveiled: Regulation of DNA double strand break repair by EGFR involves PARP1. Radiother Oncol 2015; 116:423-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Influence of allelic variations of hypoxia-related and DNA repair genes on patient outcome and toxicity in head and neck cancer treated with radiotherapy plus cetuximab. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 273:2193-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-015-3740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Möckelmann N, Kriegs M, Lörincz BB, Busch CJ, Knecht R. Molecular targeting in combination with platinum-based chemoradiotherapy in head and neck cancer treatment. Head Neck 2015; 38 Suppl 1:E2173-81. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.24031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Möckelmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Malte Kriegs
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiooncology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Balazs B. Lörincz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Chia-Jung Busch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Rainald Knecht
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
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41
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Balogh A, Shimizu Y, Lee SC, Norman DD, Gangwar R, Bavaria M, Moon C, Shukla P, Rao R, Ray R, Naren AP, Banerjee S, Banerje S, Miller DD, Balazs L, Pelus L, Tigyi G. The autotaxin-LPA2 GPCR axis is modulated by γ-irradiation and facilitates DNA damage repair. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1751-62. [PMID: 26027517 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study we characterized the effects of radiation injury on the expression and function of the autotaxin (ATX)-LPA2 GPCR axis. In IEC-6 crypt cells and jejunum enteroids quantitative RT-PCR showed a time- and dose-dependent upregulation of lpa2 in response to γ-irradiation that was abolished by mutation of the NF-κB site in the lpa2 promoter or by inhibition of ATM/ATR kinases with CGK-733, suggesting that lpa2 is a DNA damage response gene upregulated by ATM via NF-κB. The resolution kinetics of the DNA damage marker γ-H2AX in LPA-treated IEC-6 cells exposed to γ-irradiation was accelerated compared to vehicle, whereas pharmacological inhibition of LPA2 delayed the resolution of γ-H2AX. In LPA2-reconstituted MEF cells lacking LPA1&3 the levels of γ-H2AX decreased rapidly, whereas in Vector MEF were high and remained sustained. Inhibition of ERK1&2 or PI3K/AKT signaling axis by pertussis toxin or the C311A/C314A/L351A mutation in the C-terminus of LPA2 abrogated the effect of LPA on DNA repair. LPA2 transcripts in Lin(-)Sca-1(+)c-Kit(+) enriched for bone marrow stem cells were 27- and 5-fold higher than in common myeloid or lymphoid progenitors, respectively. Furthermore, after irradiation higher residual γ-H2AX levels were detected in the bone marrow or jejunum of irradiated LPA2-KO mice compared to WT mice. We found that γ-irradiation increases plasma ATX activity and LPA level that is in part due to the previously established radiation-induced upregulation of TNFα. These findings identify ATX and LPA2 as radiation-regulated genes that appear to play a physiological role in DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Balogh
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Yoshibumi Shimizu
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Sue Chin Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Derek D Norman
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Ruchika Gangwar
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Mitul Bavaria
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - ChangSuk Moon
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Pradeep Shukla
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Radakrishna Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Ramesh Ray
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Anjaparavanda P Naren
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | | | - Souvik Banerje
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Duane D Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Louisa Balazs
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Louis Pelus
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, R2-302, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Gabor Tigyi
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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Willers H, Gheorghiu L, Liu Q, Efstathiou JA, Wirth LJ, Krause M, von Neubeck C. DNA Damage Response Assessments in Human Tumor Samples Provide Functional Biomarkers of Radiosensitivity. Semin Radiat Oncol 2015; 25:237-50. [PMID: 26384272 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Predictive biomarkers are urgently needed for individualization of radiation therapy and treatment with radiosensitizing anticancer agents. Genomic profiling of human cancers provides us with unprecedented insight into the mutational landscape of genes directly or indirectly involved in the response to radiation-induced DNA damage. However, to what extent this wealth of structural information about the cancer genome produces biomarkers of sensitivity to radiation remains to be seen. Investigators are increasingly studying the subnuclear accumulation (ie, foci) of proteins in the DNA damage response (DDR), such as gamma-H2AX, 53BP1, or RAD51, as a surrogate of treatment sensitivity. Recent findings from preclinical studies have demonstrated the predictive potential of DDR foci by correlating foci with clinically relevant end points such as tumor control probability. Therefore, preclinical investigations of DDR foci responses are increasingly moving into cells and tissues from patients, which is the major focus of this review. The advantage of using DDR foci as functional biomarkers is that they can detect alterations in DNA repair due to various mechanisms. Moreover, they provide a global measurement of DDR network function without needing to know the identities of all the components, many of which remain unknown. Foci assays are thus expected to yield functional insight that may complement or supersede genomic information, thereby giving radiation oncologists unique opportunities to individualize cancer treatments in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Willers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
| | - Liliana Gheorghiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jason A Efstathiou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Lori J Wirth
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Mechthild Krause
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology, Germany
| | - Cläre von Neubeck
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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Geiger-Maor A, Guedj A, Even-Ram S, Smith Y, Galun E, Rachmilewitz J. Macrophages Regulate the Systemic Response to DNA Damage by a Cell Nonautonomous Mechanism. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2663-73. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bol GM, Vesuna F, Xie M, Zeng J, Aziz K, Gandhi N, Levine A, Irving A, Korz D, Tantravedi S, Heerma van Voss MR, Gabrielson K, Bordt EA, Polster BM, Cope L, van der Groep P, Kondaskar A, Rudek MA, Hosmane RS, van der Wall E, van Diest PJ, Tran PT, Raman V. Targeting DDX3 with a small molecule inhibitor for lung cancer therapy. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 7:648-69. [PMID: 25820276 PMCID: PMC4492822 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common malignancy worldwide and is a focus for developing targeted therapies due to its refractory nature to current treatment. We identified a RNA helicase, DDX3, which is overexpressed in many cancer types including lung cancer and is associated with lower survival in lung cancer patients. We designed a first-in-class small molecule inhibitor, RK-33, which binds to DDX3 and abrogates its activity. Inhibition of DDX3 by RK-33 caused G1 cell cycle arrest, induced apoptosis, and promoted radiation sensitization in DDX3-overexpressing cells. Importantly, RK-33 in combination with radiation induced tumor regression in multiple mouse models of lung cancer. Mechanistically, loss of DDX3 function either by shRNA or by RK-33 impaired Wnt signaling through disruption of the DDX3-β-catenin axis and inhibited non-homologous end joining-the major DNA repair pathway in mammalian somatic cells. Overall, inhibition of DDX3 by RK-33 promotes tumor regression, thus providing a compelling argument to develop DDX3 inhibitors for lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guus M Bol
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Farhad Vesuna
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Khaled Aziz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nishant Gandhi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anne Levine
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ashley Irving
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dorian Korz
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Saritha Tantravedi
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marise R Heerma van Voss
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kathleen Gabrielson
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Evan A Bordt
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian M Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leslie Cope
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Petra van der Groep
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Atul Kondaskar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, USA
| | - Michelle A Rudek
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ramachandra S Hosmane
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, USA
| | - Elsken van der Wall
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Venu Raman
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kriegs M, Gurtner K, Can Y, Brammer I, Rieckmann T, Oertel R, Wysocki M, Dorniok F, Gal A, Grob TJ, Laban S, Kasten-Pisula U, Petersen C, Baumann M, Krause M, Dikomey E. Radiosensitization of NSCLC cells by EGFR inhibition is the result of an enhanced p53-dependent G1 arrest. Radiother Oncol 2015; 115:120-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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ZRBA1, a Mixed EGFR/DNA Targeting Molecule, Potentiates Radiation Response Through Delayed DNA Damage Repair Process in a Triple Negative Breast Cancer Model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015; 92:399-406. [PMID: 25823448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE ZRBA1 is a combi-molecule designed to induce DNA alkylating lesions and to block epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) TK domain. Inasmuch as ZRBA1 downregulates the EGFR TK-mediated antisurvival signaling and induces DNA damage, we postulated that it might be a radiosensitizer. The aim of this study was to further investigate the potentiating effect of ZRBA1 in combination with radiation and to elucidate the possible mechanisms of interaction between these 2 treatment modalities. METHODS AND MATERIALS The triple negative human breast MDA-MB-468 cancer cell line and mouse mammary cancer 4T1 cell line were used in this study. Clonogenic assay, Western blot analysis, and DNA damage analysis were performed at multiple time points after treatment. To confirm our in vitro findings, in vivo tumor growth delay assay was performed. RESULTS Our results show that a combination of ZRBA1 and radiation increases the radiation sensitivity of both cell lines significantly with a dose enhancement factor of 1.56, induces significant numbers of DNA strand breaks, prolongs higher DNA damage up to 24 hours after treatment, and significantly increases tumor growth delay in a syngeneic mouse model. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the higher efficacy of this combination could be partially due to increased DNA damage and delayed DNA repair process and to the inhibition of EGFR. The encouraging results of this combination demonstrated a significant improvement in treatment efficiency and therefore could be applicable in early clinical trial settings.
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Wu J, Starr S. Low-fidelity compensatory backup alternative DNA repair pathways may unify current carcinogenesis theories. Future Oncol 2015; 10:1239-53. [PMID: 24947263 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The somatic mutation carcinogenesis theory has dominated for decades. The alternative theory, tissue organization field theory, argues that the development of cancer is determined by the surrounding microenvironment. However, neither theory can explain all features of cancer. As cancers share the features of uncontrolled proliferation and genomic instability, they are likely to have the same pathogenesis. It has been found that various DNA repair pathways within a cell crosstalk with one another, forming a DNA repair network. When one DNA repair pathways is defective, the others may work as compensatory backups. The latter pathways are explored for synthetic lethal anticancer therapy. In this article, we extend the concept of compensatory alternative DNA repair to unify the theories. We propose that the microenvironmental stress can activate low-fidelity compensatory alternative DNA repair, causing mutations. If the mutation occurs to a DNA repair gene, this secondarily mutated gene can lead to even more mutated genes, including those related to other DNA repair pathways, eventually destabilizing the genome. Therefore, the low-fidelity compensatory alternative DNA repair may mediate microenvironment-dependent carcinogenesis. The proposal seems consistent with the view of evolution: the environmental stress causes mutations to adapt to the changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Wu
- Central Laboratories, Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 966 Middle Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200031, China
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Involvement of the insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in the cancer cell response to DNA damage. J Cell Commun Signal 2015; 9:167-76. [PMID: 25617051 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-015-0262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex mechanisms that cells have evolved to meet the challenge of constant exposure to DNA-damaging stimuli, also serve to protect cancer cells from the cytotoxic effects of chemo- and radiotherapy. IGFBPs appear to be involved, directly or indirectly, in some of these protective mechanisms. Activation of p53 is an early response to genotoxic stress, and all six human IGFBP genes have predicted p53 response elements in their promoter and/or intronic regions, at least some of which are functional. IGFBP3 has been extensively characterized as a p53-inducible gene, but in some cases it is suppressed by mutant p53 forms. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), induced by radiotherapy and some chemotherapies, potentially lead to apoptotic cell death, senescence, or repair and recovery. DSB damage can be repaired by homologous recombination or non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), depending on the cell cycle stage, availability of key repair proteins, and other factors. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been implicated in the NHEJ pathway, and EGFR inhibition may inhibit repair, promoting apoptosis and thus improving sensitivity to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Both IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-6 interact with components of the NHEJ pathway, and IGFBP-3 can facilitate this process through direct interaction with both EGFR and the catalytic subunit of DNA-PK. Cell fate after DNA damage may in part be regulated by the balance between the sphingolipids ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate, and IGFBPs can influence the production of both lipids. A better understanding of the involvement of IGFBPs in the DNA damage response in cancer cells may lead to improved methods of sensitizing cancers to DNA-damaging therapies.
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van Dijk LK, Boerman OC, Franssen GM, Kaanders JHAM, Bussink J. 111In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 SPECT and 18F-FDG PET for prediction and response monitoring of combined-modality treatment of human head and neck carcinomas in a mouse model. J Nucl Med 2014; 56:287-92. [PMID: 25552666 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.148296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas with radiotherapy and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor cetuximab shows an improved response in a subgroup of patients. The aim of this study was to noninvasively monitor treatment response by visualizing systemically accessible EGFR with (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 while simultaneously evaluating tumor metabolism with (18)F-FDG PET during combined-modality treatment. METHODS Eighty mice with patient-derived head and neck squamous cell carcinomas xenografts, SCCNij202 or SCCNij185, were imaged with SPECT/CT using (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 (5 μg, 28 ± 6.1 MBq, 24 h after injection), followed by PET imaging with (18)F-FDG (9.4 ± 2.9 MBq, 1 h after injection). Scans were acquired on mice 10 d before treatment with either single-dose irradiation (10 Gy), cetuximab alone, or cetuximab-plus-irradiation combined or on untreated control mice. Scans were repeated 18 d after treatment. Tumor growth was monitored up to 120 d after treatment. EGFR expression was evaluated immunohistochemically. RESULTS SCCNij202 responded to combined treatment (P < 0.01) and cetuximab treatment alone (P < 0.05) but not to irradiation alone (P = 0.13). SCCNij185 responded to combined treatment (P < 0.05) and irradiation (P < 0.05) but not to cetuximab treatment alone (P = 0.34). (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 uptake (tumor-to-liver ratio, scan 2 - scan 1) predicted response to therapy. A positive response to treatment significantly correlated with a reduced tracer uptake in the tumor in the second SPECT scan, compared with the first scan (P < 0.005 and <0.05 for SCCNij202 and SCCNij185, respectively). Resistance to therapy was characterized by a significantly increased (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 tumor uptake; tumor-to-liver ratio was 2.2 ± 0.6 to 3.5 ± 1.2, P < 0.01, for (irradiated) SCCNij202 and 1.4 ± 0.4 to 2.0 ± 0.3, P < 0.05, for (cetuximab-treated) SCCNij185, respectively. (18)F-FDG PET tumor uptake (maximum standardized uptake value, scan 2 - scan 1) correlated with tumor response for SCCNij202 (P < 0.01) but not for SCCNij185 (P = 0.66). EGFR fractions were significantly different: 0.9 ± 0.1 (SCCNij202) and 0.5 ± 0.1 (SCCNij185) (P < 0.001). The EGFR fraction was significantly lower for irradiated SCCNij202 tumors than for controls (P < 0.005). CONCLUSION (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 predicted and monitored the effects of EGFR inhibition or irradiation during treatment in both head and neck carcinoma models investigated, whereas (18)F-FDG PET only correlated with tumor response in the SCCNij202 model. Thus, the additional value of the (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 tracer is emphasized and the tracer can aid in evaluating future treatments with EGFR-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K van Dijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Otto C Boerman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben M Franssen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H A M Kaanders
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Johan Bussink
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
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D'Angelo D, Mussnich P, Rosa R, Bianco R, Tortora G, Fusco A. High mobility group A1 protein expression reduces the sensitivity of colon and thyroid cancer cells to antineoplastic drugs. BMC Cancer 2014. [PMID: 25409711 DOI: 10.1186/1471‐2407‐14‐851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of resistance to conventional drugs and novel biological agents often impair long-term chemotherapy. HMGA gene overexpression is often associated with antineoplastic drug resistance and reduced survival. Inhibition of HMGA expression in thyroid cancer cells reduces levels of ATM protein, the main cellular sensor of DNA damage, and enhances cellular sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents. HMGA1 overexpression promotes chemoresistance to gemcitabine in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells through an Akt-dependent mechanism. METHODS To elucidate the role of HMGA1 proteins in chemoresistance we analyzed resistance to conventional drugs and targeted therapies of human colon carcinoma cells (GEO) that are sensitive to the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor cetuximab, and express minimal levels of HMGA1 and cetuximab-resistant (GEO CR) cells expressing high HMGA1 protein levels. RESULTS GEO CR cells were less sensitive than GEO cells to cetuximab and 5-fluorouracil. GEO CR cells silenced for HMGA1 expression were more susceptible than empty vector-transfected cells to the drugs' cytotoxicity. Similar results were obtained with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells expressing or not HMGA1 proteins, treated with doxorubicin or the HDAC inhibitor LBH589. Finally, HMGA1 overexpression promoted the DNA-damage response and stimulated Akt phosphorylation and prosurvival signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the blockage of HMGA1 expression is a promising approach to enhance cancer cell chemosensitivity, since it could increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to antineoplastic drugs by inhibiting the survival signal and DNA damage repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela D'Angelo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR c/o, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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