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Mingo Barba S, Ademaj A, Marder D, Riesterer O, Lattuada M, Füchslin RM, Petri-Fink A, Scheidegger S. Theoretical evaluation of the impact of diverse treatment conditions by calculation of the tumor control probability (TCP) of simulated cervical cancer Hyperthermia-Radiotherapy (HT-RT) treatments in-silico. Int J Hyperthermia 2024; 41:2320852. [PMID: 38465653 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2024.2320852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperthermia (HT) induces various cellular biological processes, such as repair impairment and direct HT cell killing. In this context, in-silico biophysical models that translate deviations in the treatment conditions into clinical outcome variations may be used to study the extent of such processes and their influence on combined hyperthermia plus radiotherapy (HT + RT) treatments under varying conditions. METHODS An extended linear-quadratic model calibrated for SiHa and HeLa cell lines (cervical cancer) was used to theoretically study the impact of varying HT treatment conditions on radiosensitization and direct HT cell killing effect. Simulated patients were generated to compute the Tumor Control Probability (TCP) under different HT conditions (number of HT sessions, temperature and time interval), which were randomly selected within margins based on reported patient data. RESULTS Under the studied conditions, model-based simulations suggested a treatment improvement with a total CEM43 thermal dose of approximately 10 min. Additionally, for a given thermal dose, TCP increased with the number of HT sessions. Furthermore, in the simulations, we showed that the TCP dependence on the temperature/time interval is more correlated with the mean value than with the minimum/maximum value and that comparing the treatment outcome with the mean temperature can be an excellent strategy for studying the time interval effect. CONCLUSION The use of thermoradiobiological models allows us to theoretically study the impact of varying thermal conditions on HT + RT treatment outcomes. This approach can be used to optimize HT treatments, design clinical trials, and interpret patient data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Mingo Barba
- School of Engineering, Zürich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Winterthur, Switzerland
- Chemistry Department, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Adela Ademaj
- Center for Radiation Oncology KSA-KSB, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
- Doctoral Clinical Science Program, Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dietmar Marder
- Center for Radiation Oncology KSA-KSB, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Riesterer
- Center for Radiation Oncology KSA-KSB, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Marco Lattuada
- Chemistry Department, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Rudolf M Füchslin
- School of Engineering, Zürich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Winterthur, Switzerland
- European Centre for Living Technology, Venice, Italy
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Chemistry Department, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Scheidegger
- School of Engineering, Zürich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Winterthur, Switzerland
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Lukácsi S, Munkácsy G, Győrffy B. Harnessing Hyperthermia: Molecular, Cellular, and Immunological Insights for Enhanced Anticancer Therapies. Integr Cancer Ther 2024; 23:15347354241242094. [PMID: 38818970 PMCID: PMC11143831 DOI: 10.1177/15347354241242094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermia, the raising of tumor temperature (≥39°C), holds great promise as an adjuvant treatment for cancer therapy. This review focuses on 2 key aspects of hyperthermia: its molecular and cellular effects and its impact on the immune system. Hyperthermia has profound effects on critical biological processes. Increased temperatures inhibit DNA repair enzymes, making cancer cells more sensitive to chemotherapy and radiation. Elevated temperatures also induce cell cycle arrest and trigger apoptotic pathways. Furthermore, hyperthermia modifies the expression of heat shock proteins, which play vital roles in cancer therapy, including enhancing immune responses. Hyperthermic treatments also have a significant impact on the body's immune response against tumors, potentially improving the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Mild systemic hyperthermia (39°C-41°C) mimics fever, activating immune cells and raising metabolic rates. Intense heat above 50°C can release tumor antigens, enhancing immune reactions. Using photothermal nanoparticles for targeted heating and drug delivery can also modulate the immune response. Hyperthermia emerges as a cost-effective and well-tolerated adjuvant therapy when integrated with immunotherapy. This comprehensive review serves as a valuable resource for the selection of patient-specific treatments and the guidance of future experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Lukácsi
- HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyöngyi Munkácsy
- HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Budapest, Hungary
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3
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Reprogramming of palmitic acid induced by dephosphorylation of ACOX1 promotes β-catenin palmitoylation to drive colorectal cancer progression. Cell Discov 2023; 9:26. [PMID: 36878899 PMCID: PMC9988979 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer. However, it is not well known how metabolism affects cancer progression. We identified that metabolic enzyme acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1) suppresses colorectal cancer (CRC) progression by regulating palmitic acid (PA) reprogramming. ACOX1 is highly downregulated in CRC, which predicts poor clinical outcome in CRC patients. Functionally, ACOX1 depletion promotes CRC cell proliferation in vitro and colorectal tumorigenesis in mouse models, whereas ACOX1 overexpression inhibits patient-derived xenograft growth. Mechanistically, DUSP14 dephosphorylates ACOX1 at serine 26, promoting its polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thereby leading to an increase of the ACOX1 substrate PA. Accumulated PA promotes β-catenin cysteine 466 palmitoylation, which inhibits CK1- and GSK3-directed phosphorylation of β-catenin and subsequent β-Trcp-mediated proteasomal degradation. In return, stabilized β-catenin directly represses ACOX1 transcription and indirectly activates DUSP14 transcription by upregulating c-Myc, a typical target of β-catenin. Finally, we confirmed that the DUSP14-ACOX1-PA-β-catenin axis is dysregulated in clinical CRC samples. Together, these results identify ACOX1 as a tumor suppressor, the downregulation of which increases PA-mediated β-catenin palmitoylation and stabilization and hyperactivates β-catenin signaling thus promoting CRC progression. Particularly, targeting β-catenin palmitoylation by 2-bromopalmitate (2-BP) can efficiently inhibit β-catenin-dependent tumor growth in vivo, and pharmacological inhibition of DUSP14-ACOX1-β-catenin axis by Nu-7441 reduced the viability of CRC cells. Our results reveal an unexpected role of PA reprogramming induced by dephosphorylation of ACOX1 in activating β-catenin signaling and promoting cancer progression, and propose the inhibition of the dephosphorylation of ACOX1 by DUSP14 or β-catenin palmitoylation as a viable option for CRC treatment.
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Li J, Gao Y, Liu S, Cai J, Zhang Q, Li K, Liu Z, Shi M, Wang J, Cui H. Aptamer-functionalized Quercetin Thermosensitive Liposomes for Targeting Drug Delivery and Antitumor Therapy. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 36001994 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac8c75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemo-thermotherapy, as a promising cancer combination therapy strategy, has attracted widespread attention. In this study, a novel aptamer functionalized thermosensitive liposome encapsulating hydrophobic drug quercetin was fabricated as an efficient drug delivery system. This aptamer-functionalized quercetin thermosensitive liposomes (AQTSL) combined the merits of high-loading yield, sustained drug release, long-term circulation in the body of PEGylated liposomes, passive targeting provided by 100-200 nm nanoparticles, active targeting and improved internalization effects offered by AS1411 aptamer, and temperature-responsive of quercetin release. In addition, AQTSL tail vein injection combined with 42℃ water bath heating on tumor site (AQTSL+42℃)treatment inhibited the tumor growth significantly compared with the normal saline administration (p<0.01), and the inhibition rate reached 75%. Furthermore, AQTSL+42℃ treatment also slowed down the tumor growth significantly compared with QTSL combined with 42℃ administration (p<0.05), confirming that AS1411 decoration on QTSL increased the active targeting and internalization effects of the drug delivery system, and AS1411 aptamer itself might also contribute to the tumor inhibition. These data indicate that AQTSL is a potential carrier candidate for different hydrophobic drugs and tumor targeting delivery, and this kind of targeted drug delivery system combined with temperature responsive drug release mode is expected to achieve an ideal tumor therapy effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Yanshan University, No.438,Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, 066000, CHINA
| | - Yanting Gao
- Yanshan University, No.438, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, 066000, CHINA
| | - Shihe Liu
- Yanshan University, No.438,Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, 066000, CHINA
| | - Jiahui Cai
- Yanshan University, No.438, Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, 066000, CHINA
| | - Qing Zhang
- Yanshan University, No.438, Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, 066000, CHINA
| | - Kun Li
- Yanshan University, No. 438, Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, 066000, CHINA
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Yanshan University, No. 438, West Section of Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066004, CHINA
| | - Ming Shi
- Yanshan University, No.438, Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, 066004, CHINA
| | - Jidong Wang
- Yanshan University, No. 438, Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao, 066000, CHINA
| | - Hongxia Cui
- Yanshan University, No. 438, Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, 066004, CHINA
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Mondal A, Bhattacharya A, Singh V, Pandita S, Bacolla A, Pandita RK, Tainer JA, Ramos KS, Pandita TK, Das C. Stress Responses as Master Keys to Epigenomic Changes in Transcriptome and Metabolome for Cancer Etiology and Therapeutics. Mol Cell Biol 2022; 42:e0048321. [PMID: 34748401 PMCID: PMC8773053 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00483-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
From initiation through progression, cancer cells are subjected to a magnitude of endogenous and exogenous stresses, which aid in their neoplastic transformation. Exposure to these classes of stress induces imbalance in cellular homeostasis and, in response, cancer cells employ informative adaptive mechanisms to rebalance biochemical processes that facilitate survival and maintain their existence. Different kinds of stress stimuli trigger epigenetic alterations in cancer cells, which leads to changes in their transcriptome and metabolome, ultimately resulting in suppression of growth inhibition or induction of apoptosis. Whether cancer cells show a protective response to stress or succumb to cell death depends on the type of stress and duration of exposure. A thorough understanding of epigenetic and molecular architecture of cancer cell stress response pathways can unveil a plethora of information required to develop novel anticancer therapeutics. The present view highlights current knowledge about alterations in epigenome and transcriptome of cancer cells as a consequence of exposure to different physicochemical stressful stimuli such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), hypoxia, radiation, hyperthermia, genotoxic agents, and nutrient deprivation. Currently, an anticancer treatment scenario involving the imposition of stress to target cancer cells is gaining traction to augment or even replace conventional therapeutic regimens. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of stress response pathways is crucial for devising and implementing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Mondal
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Apoorva Bhattacharya
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | - Vipin Singh
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Shruti Pandita
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Albino Bacolla
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Raj K. Pandita
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John A. Tainer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kenneth S. Ramos
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tej K. Pandita
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chandrima Das
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, India
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Theoretical Evaluation of the Impact of Hyperthermia in Combination with Radiation Therapy in an Artificial Immune-Tumor-Ecosystem. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225764. [PMID: 34830918 PMCID: PMC8616073 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Radio-sensitizing effects of moderate or mild hyperthermia (heating up tumor cells up to 41–43 °C) in combination with radiotherapy (thermoradiotherapy) have been evaluated for decades. However, how this combination might modulate an anti-tumor immune response is not well known. To investigate the dynamic behavior of immune–tumor ecosystems in different scenarios, a model representing an artificial adaptive immune system in silico is used. Such a model may be far removed from the real situation in the patient, but it could serve as a laboratory to investigate fundamental principles of dynamics in such systems under well-controlled conditions and it could be used to generate and refine hypothesis supporting the design of clinical trials. Regarding the results of the presented computer simulations, the main effect is governed by the cellular radio-sensitization. In addition, the application of hyperthermia during the first radiotherapy fractions seems to be more effective. Abstract There is some evidence that radiotherapy (RT) can trigger anti-tumor immune responses. In addition, hyperthermia (HT) is known to be a tumor cell radio-sensitizer. How HT could enhance the anti-tumor immune response produced by RT is still an open question. The aim of this study is the evaluation of potential dynamic effects regarding the adaptive immune response induced by different combinations of RT fractions with HT. The adaptive immune system is considered as a trainable unit (perceptron) which compares danger signals released by necrotic or apoptotic cell death with the presence of tumor- and host tissue cell population-specific molecular patterns (antigens). To mimic the changes produced by HT such as cell radio-sensitization or increase of the blood perfusion after hyperthermia, simplistic biophysical models were included. To study the effectiveness of the different RT+HT treatments, the Tumor Control Probability (TCP) was calculated. In the considered scenarios, the major effect of HT is related to the enhancement of the cell radio-sensitivity while perfusion or heat-based effects on the immune system seem to contribute less. Moreover, no tumor vaccination effect has been observed. In the presented scenarios, HT boosts the RT cell killing but it does not fundamentally change the anti-tumor immune response.
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Braude S, Varghese J. The oncoprotective fever hypothesis: Have antibiotics, antimalarials and antipyrectics contributed to the global rise in cancer over the past century? Med Hypotheses 2021; 158:110720. [PMID: 34753009 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The adaptive and therapeutic nature of fever has been recognized for centuries and both local and systemic thermotherapy are now used to enhance the effectiveness of both chemotherapy and radiation therapy for cancer. We propose that the success of antiseptic, antibiotic, antipyretic and antimalarial strategies and medications over the past century and a half may have had the unintended effect of releasing precancerous growths and neoplastic foci from the inhibitory effects of intermittent fever. This may be a previously unrecognized factor in the overall rise in cancer rates in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Braude
- SB Washington University, JV Cleveland Clinic, USA.
| | - J Varghese
- SB Washington University, JV Cleveland Clinic, USA
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van de Kamp G, Heemskerk T, Kanaar R, Essers J. DNA Double Strand Break Repair Pathways in Response to Different Types of Ionizing Radiation. Front Genet 2021; 12:738230. [PMID: 34659358 PMCID: PMC8514742 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.738230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The superior dose distribution of particle radiation compared to photon radiation makes it a promising therapy for the treatment of tumors. However, the cellular responses to particle therapy and especially the DNA damage response (DDR) is not well characterized. Compared to photons, particles are thought to induce more closely spaced DNA lesions instead of isolated lesions. How this different spatial configuration of the DNA damage directs DNA repair pathway usage, is subject of current investigations. In this review, we describe recent insights into induction of DNA damage by particle radiation and how this shapes DNA end processing and subsequent DNA repair mechanisms. Additionally, we give an overview of promising DDR targets to improve particle therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerarda van de Kamp
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tim Heemskerk
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roland Kanaar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Oei AL, Korangath P, Mulka K, Helenius M, Coulter JB, Stewart J, Velarde E, Crezee J, Simons B, Stalpers LJA, Kok HP, Gabrielson K, Franken NAP, Ivkov R. Enhancing the abscopal effect of radiation and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies with magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia in a model of metastatic breast cancer. Int J Hyperthermia 2020; 36:47-63. [PMID: 31795835 PMCID: PMC7017719 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2019.1685686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Enhancing immune responses in triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) remains a challenge. Our study aimed to determine whether magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (MION) hyperthermia (HT) can enhance abscopal effects with radiotherapy (RT) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (IT) in a metastatic TNBC model.Methods: One week after implanting 4T1-luc cells into the mammary glands of BALB/c mice, tumors were treated with RT (3 × 8 Gy)±local HT, mild (HTM, 43 °C/20 min) or partially ablative (HTAbl, 45 °C/5 min plus 43 °C/15 min),±IT with anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies (both 4 × 10 mg/kg, i.p.). Tumor growth was measured daily. Two weeks after treatment, lungs and livers were harvested for histopathology evaluation of metastases.Results: Compared to untreated controls, all treatment groups demonstrated a decreased tumor volume; however, when compared against surgical resection, only RT + HTM+IT, RT + HTAbl+IT and RT + HTAbl had similar or smaller tumors. These cohorts showed more infiltration of CD3+ T-lymphocytes into the primary tumor. Tumor growth effects were partially reversed with T-cell depletion. Combinations that proved most effective for primary tumors generated modest reductions in numbers of lung metastases. Conversely, numbers of lung metastases showed potential to increase following HT + IT treatment, particularly when compared to RT. Compared to untreated controls, there was no improvement in survival with any treatment.Conclusions: Single-fraction MION HT added to RT + IT improved local tumor control and recruitment of CD3+ T-lymphocytes, with only a modest effect to reduce lung metastases and no improvement in overall survival. HT + IT showed potential to increase metastatic dissemination to lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene L Oei
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Preethi Korangath
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen Mulka
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mikko Helenius
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan B Coulter
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacqueline Stewart
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Esteban Velarde
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Johannes Crezee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brian Simons
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lukas J A Stalpers
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Petra Kok
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kathleen Gabrielson
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicolaas A P Franken
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Ivkov
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Oei A, Kok H, Oei S, Horsman M, Stalpers L, Franken N, Crezee J. Molecular and biological rationale of hyperthermia as radio- and chemosensitizer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 163-164:84-97. [PMID: 31982475 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mild hyperthermia, local heating of the tumour up to temperatures <43 °C, has been clinically applied for almost four decades and has been proven to substantially enhance the effectiveness of both radiotherapy and chemotherapy in treatment of primary and recurrent tumours. Clinical results and mechanisms of action are discussed in this review, including the molecular and biological rationale of hyperthermia as radio- and chemosensitizer as established in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Proven mechanisms include inhibition of different DNA repair processes, (in)direct reduction of the hypoxic tumour cell fraction, enhanced drug uptake, increased perfusion and oxygen levels. All mechanisms show different dose effect relationships and different optimal scheduling with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Therefore, obtaining the ideal multi-modality treatment still requires elucidation of more detailed data on dose, sequence, duration, and possible synergisms between modalities. A multidisciplinary approach with different modalities including hyperthermia might further increase anti-tumour effects and diminish normal tissue damage.
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Li A, Yi M, Qin S, Chu Q, Luo S, Wu K. Prospects for combining immune checkpoint blockade with PARP inhibition. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:98. [PMID: 31521196 PMCID: PMC6744711 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0784-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunogenicity of a cancer cell is derived from accumulated somatic mutations. However, on the contrary to increased immunogenicity, anti-cancer immune response tends to be feeble. This impaired anti-cancer immunity could be attributed to multiple factors including loss of immunodominant epitopes, downregulation of major histocompatibility complex, and immunosuppressive microenvironment, as well as aberrant negative co-stimulatory signals. Immune checkpoint inhibitors block negative co-stimulatory signals such as programmed cell death-1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, ultimately reactivating anti-cancer immunity. Immune checkpoint inhibitors elicit potent anti-cancer effect and have been approved for multiple cancers. Nevertheless, there still are significant potential improvements for the applications of checkpoint inhibitor, especially considering frequent resistance. Recent studies demonstrated that additional PARP inhibition could alleviate resistance and enhance efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy via promoting cross-presentation and modifying immune microenvironment. We proposed that PARP inhibitors could enhance the priming and tumor-killing activities of T cell, boost the whole cancer-immunity cycle, and thereby improve the response to immune checkpoint blockade. In this review, we focused the latest understanding of the effect of PARP inhibitors on anti-cancer immunity and PARP inhibitors combining immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Moreover, we summarized the preclinical and clinical evidence and discussed the feasibility of this combination therapy in future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anping Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shuang Qin
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Suxia Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China. .,Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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12
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Nytko KJ, Thumser-Henner P, Weyland MS, Scheidegger S, Bley CR. Cell line-specific efficacy of thermoradiotherapy in human and canine cancer cells in vitro. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216744. [PMID: 31091255 PMCID: PMC6519812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Aims were to investigate sensitivity of various human and canine cancer cell lines to hyperthermia and the influence of particular treatment conditions, and to analyze the DNA-damage response and mode of cell death in cell line radiosensitized by hyperthermia. Additionally, we were interested in the involvement of HSP70 in radiosensitization. Methods Radiosensitization by hyperthermia was determined in a panel of human and canine cancer cell lines using clonogenic cell survival assay, as well as levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs) using immunoblotting. The influence of the hyperthermia-radiotherapy time gap, different temperatures and the order of treatments on clonogenicity of hyperthermia-sensitive A549 cells was investigated. Additionally, DNA damage and cell death were assessed by Comet assay and an apoptosis/necrosis assay. Further we induced transient knockdown in A549 cells to test HSP70’s involvement in radiosensitization. Results Out of eight cell lines tested, only two (A549 and Abrams) showed significant decrease in clonogenic cell survival when pre-treated with hyperthermia at 42°C. Strong induction of HSP70 upon thermoradiotherapy (HT-RT) treatment was found in all cell lines. Transient knockdown of HSP70 in A549 cells did not result in decrease of clonogenic cell survival in response to HT-RT. Conclusion Tumor cell-type, temperature and order of treatment play an important role in radiosensitization by hyperthermia. However, hyperthermia has limited potency to radiosensitize canine cancer cells grown in a 2D cell culture setting presented here. DNA damage and apoptosis/necrosis did not increase upon combined treatment and cytosolic levels of HSP70 appear not to play critical role in the radiosensitization of A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna J. Nytko
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Clinical Studies at the Vetsuisse Faculty of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Pauline Thumser-Henner
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Clinical Studies at the Vetsuisse Faculty of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias S. Weyland
- ZHAW School of Engineering, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
- BioNanomaterials Group, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Scheidegger
- ZHAW School of Engineering, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Carla Rohrer Bley
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Clinical Studies at the Vetsuisse Faculty of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Zhu L, Altman MB, Laszlo A, Straube W, Zoberi I, Hallahan DE, Chen H. Ultrasound Hyperthermia Technology for Radiosensitization. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:1025-1043. [PMID: 30773377 PMCID: PMC6475527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyperthermia therapy (HT) raises tissue temperature to 40-45°C for up to 60 min. Hyperthermia is one of the most potent sensitizers of radiation therapy (RT). Ultrasound-mediated HT for radiosensitization has been used clinically since the 1960s. Recently, magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (MRgHIFU), which has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for thermal ablation therapy, has been adapted for HT. With emerging clinical trials using MRgHIFU HT for radiosensitization, there is a pressing need to review the ultrasound HT technology. The objective of this review is to overview existing HT technology, summarize available ultrasound HT devices, evaluate clinical studies combining ultrasound HT with RT and discuss challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael B Altman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrei Laszlo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - William Straube
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Imran Zoberi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dennis E Hallahan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.
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14
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Mi Y, Gurumurthy RK, Zadora PK, Meyer TF, Chumduri C. Chlamydia trachomatis Inhibits Homologous Recombination Repair of DNA Breaks by Interfering with PP2A Signaling. mBio 2018; 9:e01465-18. [PMID: 30401777 PMCID: PMC6222135 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01465-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical and ovarian cancers exhibit characteristic mutational signatures that are reminiscent of mutational processes, including defective homologous recombination (HR) repair. How these mutational processes are initiated during carcinogenesis is largely unclear. Chlamydia trachomatis infections are epidemiologically associated with cervical and ovarian cancers. Previously, we showed that C. trachomatis induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) but suppresses Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) activation and cell cycle checkpoints. The mechanisms by which ATM regulation is modulated and its consequences for the repair pathway in C. trachomatis-infected cells remain unknown. Here, we found that Chlamydia bacteria interfere with the usual response of PP2A to DSBs. As a result, PP2A activity remains high, as the level of inhibitory phosphorylation at Y307 remains unchanged following C. trachomatis-induced DSBs. Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed that C. trachomatis facilitates persistent interactions of PP2A with ATM, thus suppressing ATM activation. This correlated with a remarkable lack of homologous recombination (HR) repair in C. trachomatis-infected cells. Chemical inhibition of PP2A activity in infected cells released ATM from PP2A, resulting in ATM phosphorylation. Activated ATM was then recruited to DSBs and initiated downstream signaling, including phosphorylation of MRE11 and NBS1 and checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2)-mediated activation of the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint in C. trachomatis-infected cells. Further, PP2A inhibition led to the restoration of C. trachomatis-suppressed HR DNA repair function. Taking the data together, this study revealed that C. trachomatis modulates PP2A signaling to suppress ATM activation to prevent cell cycle arrest, thus contributing to a deficient high-fidelity HR pathway and a conducive environment for mutagenesis.IMPORTANCEChlamydia trachomatis induces DNA double-strand breaks in host cells but simultaneously inhibits proper DNA damage response and repair mechanisms. This may render host cells prone to loss of genetic integrity and transformation. Here we show that C. trachomatis prevents activation of the key DNA damage response mediator ATM by preventing the release from PP2A, leading to a complete absence of homologous recombination repair in host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Mi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Key Laboratory of H. pylori and Gastrointestinal Microecology of Henan Province, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | | | - Piotr K Zadora
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas F Meyer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cindrilla Chumduri
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Mahdavi SR, Janati Esfahani A, Khoei S, Bakhshandeh M, Rajabi A. Capacitive hyperthermia as an alternative to brachytherapy in DNA damages of human prostate cancer cell line (DU-145). Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 95:193-200. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1532608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seied Rabi Mahdavi
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Physics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Janati Esfahani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Samideh Khoei
- Department of Medical Physics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Bakhshandeh
- Radiation Technology Department, Allied Medical Sciences Faculty Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rajabi
- Radiation Medicine Engineering Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Fu Q, Wang J, Huang T. The effect of hyperthermia on the DNA damage response induced by γ-rays, as determined through in situ cell tracking. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2018; 59:577-582. [PMID: 30085098 PMCID: PMC6151638 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rry057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyperthermia (HT) acts as a cancer treatment by direct cell killing, radiosensitization, and promotion of tumor reoxygenation. The sensor proteins of the DNA damage response (DDR) are the direct targets of HT. However, the spatiotemporal properties of sensor proteins under HT are still unclear. Therefore, investigating the impact of HT on sensor proteins is of great importance. In the present study, the human fibrosarcoma cell line HT1080 stably transfected with 53BP1-GFP [the DDR protein 53BP1 fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP)] was used to investigate the real-time cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by γ-rays. Using live-cell imaging combined with HT treatment, the spatiotemporal properties of the 53BP1 protein were directly monitored and quantitatively studied. We found that HT could delay and decrease the formation of 53BP1 ionizing radiation-induced foci (IRIF). Moreover, through the in situ tracking of individual IRIF, it was found that HT resulted in more unrepaired IRIF over the period of observation compared with IR alone. Additionally, the unrepaired IRIF had a larger area, higher intensity, and slower repair rate. Indeed, almost every cell treated with HT had unrepaired IRIF, and the majority of these IRIF increased in area individually, while the rest increased in area by the merging of adjacent IRIF. In summary, our study demonstrated that HT could perturb the primary event in the DDR induced by IR, and this may have important implications for cancer treatment and heat radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Fu
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Tang Jia Wan, Zhuhai, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tuchen Huang
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Tang Jia Wan, Zhuhai, P. R. China
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17
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Oei AL, van Leeuwen CM, Ahire VR, Rodermond HM, Ten Cate R, Westermann AM, Stalpers LJA, Crezee J, Kok HP, Krawczyk PM, Kanaar R, Franken NAP. Enhancing synthetic lethality of PARP-inhibitor and cisplatin in BRCA-proficient tumour cells with hyperthermia. Oncotarget 2018; 8:28116-28124. [PMID: 28427225 PMCID: PMC5438635 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase1 (PARP1) is involved in repair of DNA single strand breaks. PARP1-inhibitors (PARP1-i) cause an accumulation of DNA double strand breaks, which are generally repaired by homologous recombination (HR). Therefore, cancer cells harboring HR deficiencies are exceptionally sensitive to PARP1-i. For patients with HR-proficient tumors, HR can be temporarily inhibited by hyperthermia, thereby inducing synthetic lethal conditions in every tumor type. Since cisplatin is successfully used combined with hyperthermia (thermochemotherapy), we investigated the effectiveness of combining PARP1-i with thermochemotherapy. Results The in vitro data demonstrate a decreased in cell survival after addition of PARP1-i to thermochemotherapy, which can be explained by increased DNA damage induction and less DSB repair. These in vitro findings are in line with in vivo model, in which a decreased tumor growth is observed upon addition of PARP1-i. Materials and Methods Survival of three HR-proficient cell lines after cisplatin, hyperthermia and/or PARP1-i was studied. Cell cycle analyses, quantification of γ-H2AX foci and apoptotic assays were performed to understand these survival data. The effects of treatments were further evaluated by monitoring tumor responses in an in vivo rat model. Conclusions Our results in HR-proficient cell lines suggest that PARP1-i combined with thermochemotherapy can be a promising clinical approach for all tumors independent of HR status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene L Oei
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiotherapy, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caspar M van Leeuwen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vidhula R Ahire
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiotherapy, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans M Rodermond
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiotherapy, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rosemarie Ten Cate
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiotherapy, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke M Westermann
- Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas J A Stalpers
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiotherapy, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Crezee
- Department of Radiotherapy, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Petra Kok
- Department of Radiotherapy, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Przemek M Krawczyk
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Kanaar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR), The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas A P Franken
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiotherapy, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Targeting DNA double strand break repair with hyperthermia and DNA-PKcs inhibition to enhance the effect of radiation treatment. Oncotarget 2018; 7:65504-65513. [PMID: 27602767 PMCID: PMC5323171 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is based on the induction of lethal DNA damage, primarily DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). Efficient DSB repair via Non-Homologous End Joining or Homologous Recombination can therefore undermine the efficacy of radiotherapy. By suppressing DNA-DSB repair with hyperthermia (HT) and DNA-PKcs inhibitor NU7441 (DNA-PKcsi), we aim to enhance the effect of radiation. The sensitizing effect of HT for 1 hour at 42°C and DNA-PKcsi [1 μM] to radiation treatment was investigated in cervical and breast cancer cells, primary breast cancer sphere cells (BCSCs) enriched for cancer stem cells, and in an in vivo human tumor model. A significant radio-enhancement effect was observed for all cell types when DNA-PKcsi and HT were applied separately, and when both were combined, HT and DNA-PKcsi enhanced radio-sensitivity to an even greater extent. Strikingly, combined treatment resulted in significantly lower survival rates, 2 to 2.5 fold increase in apoptosis, more residual DNA-DSB 6 h post treatment and a G2-phase arrest. In addition, tumor growth analysis in vivo showed significant reduction in tumor growth and elevated caspase-3 activity when radiation was combined with HT and DNA-PKcsi compared to radiation alone. Importantly, no toxic side effects of HT or DNA-PKcsi were found. In conclusion, inhibiting DNA-DSB repair using HT and DNA-PKcsi before radiotherapy leads to enhanced cytotoxicity in cancer cells. This effect was even noticed in the more radio-resistant BCSCs, which are clearly sensitized by combined treatment. Therefore, the addition of HT and DNA-PKcsi to conventional radiotherapy is promising and might contribute to more efficient tumor control and patient outcome.
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19
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Hu X, Liao J, Zhao H, Chen F, Zhu X, Li J, Nong Q. NBS1 rs2735383 polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of laryngeal carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:175. [PMID: 29433451 PMCID: PMC5810033 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1 (NBS1), as a key protein in the DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair pathway, plays an important role in maintaining genomic stability. Although single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NBS1 have frequently been studied in multiple cancers, the relationships of two functional NBS1 polymorphisms (rs2735383 and rs1805794) with laryngeal carcinoma are yet unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we performed a case-control study including 342 cases and 345 controls to analyze the associations between two polymorphisms of NBS1 and the risk of laryngeal carcinoma. METHODS We used the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method to determine the genotypes of the functional SNPs in NBS1 gene. RESULTS In comparison with the homozygous rs2735383GG genotype, the CC genotype was significantly associated with an increased risk of laryngeal carcinoma (adjusted OR = 1.884, 95%CI = 1.215-2.921). The rs2735383C variant genotypes (GC + CC) conferred a 1.410-fold increased risk of laryngeal carcinoma (adjusted OR = 1.410, 95%CI = 1.004-1.980). Furthermore, when compared to rs2735383GG genotype in laryngeal carcinoma tissues, the combined GC and CC genotypes exerted a significantly lower mRNA level of NBS1 (P = 0.003). In contrast, no significant association was found between rs1805794G > C polymorphism and cancer risk (adjusted OR = 1.074, 95%CI = 0.759-1.518 for GC; adjusted OR = 1.100, 95%CI = 0.678-1.787 for CC; adjusted OR = 1.079, 95%CI = 0.774-1.505 for GC + CC). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that rs2735383G > C polymorphism in NBS1 may play a crucial role in the development of laryngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Hu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Juan Liao
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Huiliu Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology Division, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Jiangheng Li
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Qingqing Nong
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China. .,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
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20
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LeBlanc C, Zhang F, Mendez J, Lozano Y, Chatpar K, Irish VF, Jacob Y. Increased efficiency of targeted mutagenesis by CRISPR/Cas9 in plants using heat stress. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:377-386. [PMID: 29161464 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system has greatly improved our ability to engineer targeted mutations in eukaryotic genomes. While CRISPR/Cas9 appears to work universally, the efficiency of targeted mutagenesis and the adverse generation of off-target mutations vary greatly between different organisms. In this study, we report that Arabidopsis plants subjected to heat stress at 37°C show much higher frequencies of CRISPR-induced mutations compared to plants grown continuously at the standard temperature (22°C). Using quantitative assays relying on green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter genes, we found that targeted mutagenesis by CRISPR/Cas9 in Arabidopsis is increased by approximately 5-fold in somatic tissues and up to 100-fold in the germline upon heat treatment. This effect of temperature on the mutation rate is not limited to Arabidopsis, as we observed a similar increase in targeted mutations by CRISPR/Cas9 in Citrus plants exposed to heat stress at 37°C. In vitro assays demonstrate that Cas9 from Streptococcus pyogenes (SpCas9) is more active in creating double-stranded DNA breaks at 37°C than at 22°C, thus indicating a potential contributing mechanism for the in vivo effect of temperature on CRISPR/Cas9. This study reveals the importance of temperature in modulating SpCas9 activity in eukaryotes, and provides a simple method to increase on-target mutagenesis in plants using CRISPR/Cas9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal LeBlanc
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Yale University, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Yale University, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Josefina Mendez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Yale University, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Yamile Lozano
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Yale University, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Krishna Chatpar
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Yale University, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Vivian F Irish
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Yale University, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Yannick Jacob
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Yale University, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
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21
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Zwirner K, Bonomo P, Lamprecht U, Zips D, Gani C. External validation of a rectal cancer outcome prediction model with a cohort of patients treated with preoperative radiochemotherapy and deep regional hyperthermia. Int J Hyperthermia 2017; 34:455-460. [DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2017.1338364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. Zwirner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - P. Bonomo
- Radiotherapy Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - U. Lamprecht
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - D. Zips
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tübingen; and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C. Gani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tübingen; and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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22
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Oei AL, Ahire VR, van Leeuwen CM, Ten Cate R, Stalpers LJA, Crezee J, Kok HP, Franken NAP. Enhancing radiosensitisation of BRCA2-proficient and BRCA2-deficient cell lines with hyperthermia and PARP1-i. Int J Hyperthermia 2017; 34:39-48. [PMID: 28540821 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2017.1324642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase1 (PARP1) is an important enzyme in regulating DNA replication. Inhibition of PARP1 can lead to collapsed DNA forks which subsequently causes genomic instability, making DNA more susceptible in developing fatal DNA double strand breaks. PARP1-induced DNA damage is generally repaired by homologous recombination (HR), in which BRCA2 proteins are essential. Therefore, BRCA2-deficient tumour cells are susceptible to treatment with PARP1-inhibitors (PARP1-i). Recently, BRCA2 was shown to be down-regulated by hyperthermia (HT) temporarily, and this consequently inactivated HR for several hours. In this study, we investigated whether HT exclusively interferes with HR by analysing thermal radiosensitisation of BRCA2-proficient and deficient cells. After elucidating the equitoxicity of PARP1-i on BRCA2-proficient and deficient cells, we studied the cell survival, apoptosis, DNA damage (γ-H2AX foci and comet assay) and cell cycle distribution after different treatments. PARP1-i sensitivity strongly depends on the BRCA2 status. BRCA2-proficient and deficient cells are radiosensitised by HT, indicating that HT does not exclusively act by inhibition of HR. In all cell lines, the addition of HT to radiotherapy and PARP1-i resulted in the lowest cell survival, the highest levels of DNA damage and apoptotic levels compared to duo-modality treatments. Concluding, HT not only inhibits HR, but also has the capability of radiosensitising BRCA2-deficient cells. Thus, in case of BRCA2-mutation carriers, combining HT with PARP1-i may boost the treatment efficacy. This combination therapy would be effective for all patients with PARP1-i regardless of their BRCA status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene L Oei
- a Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR) , Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,b Department of Radiotherapy , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Vidhula R Ahire
- a Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR) , Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,b Department of Radiotherapy , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - C M van Leeuwen
- c Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Rosemarie Ten Cate
- a Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR) , Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,b Department of Radiotherapy , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Lukas J A Stalpers
- a Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR) , Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,b Department of Radiotherapy , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Crezee
- c Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - H Petra Kok
- c Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas A P Franken
- a Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR) , Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,b Department of Radiotherapy , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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Talens F, Jalving M, Gietema JA, Van Vugt MA. Therapeutic targeting and patient selection for cancers with homologous recombination defects. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:565-581. [PMID: 28425306 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1322061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are toxic DNA lesions that can be repaired by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). Mutations in HR genes elicit a predisposition to cancer; yet, they also result in increased sensitivity to certain DNA damaging agents and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. To optimally implement PARP inhibitor treatment, it is important that patients with HR-deficient tumors are adequately selected. Areas covered: Herein, the authors describe the HR pathway mechanistically and review the treatment of HR-deficient cancers, with a specific focus on PARP inhibition for BRCA1/2-mutated breast and ovarian cancer. In addition, mechanisms of acquired PARP inhibitor resistance are discussed. Furthermore, combination therapies with PARP inhibitors are reviewed, in the context of both HR-deficient and HR-proficient tumors and methods for proper patient selection are also discussed. Expert opinion: Currently, only patients with germline or somatic BRCA1/2 mutations are eligible for PARP inhibitor treatment and only a proportion of patients respond. Patients with HR-deficient tumors caused by other (epi)genetic events may also benefit from PARP inhibitor treatment. Ideally, selection of eligible patients for PARP inhibitor treatment include a functional HR read-out, in which cancer cells are interrogated for their ability to perform HR repair and maintain replication fork stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francien Talens
- a Department of Medical Oncology , University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Mathilde Jalving
- a Department of Medical Oncology , University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Jourik A Gietema
- a Department of Medical Oncology , University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Marcel A Van Vugt
- a Department of Medical Oncology , University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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Kim Y, Kim A, Sharip A, Sharip A, Jiang J, Yang Q, Xie Y. Reverse the Resistance to PARP Inhibitors. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:198-208. [PMID: 28255272 PMCID: PMC5332874 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.17240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the DNA repair machineries is activated by Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) enzyme. Particularly, this enzyme is involved in repair of damages to single-strand DNA, thus decreasing the chances of generating double-strand breaks in the genome. Therefore, the concept to block PARP enzymes by PARP inhibitor (PARPi) was appreciated in cancer treatment. PARPi has been designed and tested for many years and became a potential supplement for the conventional chemotherapy. However, increasing evidence indicates the appearance of the resistance to this treatment. Specifically, cancer cells may acquire new mutations or events that overcome the positive effect of these drugs. This paper describes several molecular mechanisms of PARPi resistance which were reported most recently, and summarizes some strategies to reverse this type of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeniy Kim
- Department of Biology, Nazarbayev University, School of Science and Technology, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Aleksei Kim
- Department of Biology, Nazarbayev University, School of Science and Technology, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Ainur Sharip
- Department of Biology, Nazarbayev University, School of Science and Technology, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Aigul Sharip
- Department of Biology, Nazarbayev University, School of Science and Technology, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Juhong Jiang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Biology, Nazarbayev University, School of Science and Technology, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Yingqiu Xie
- Department of Biology, Nazarbayev University, School of Science and Technology, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
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25
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Franken NAP, Kok HP, Crezee J, Barendsen GW. Analysis of enhancement at small and large radiation doses for effectiveness of inactivation in cultured cells by combining two agents with radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:521-6. [PMID: 27660911 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1206226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the enhancement effect of two combined radiation-sensitizing agents in mammalian cells at small doses as compared to large doses using the linear-quadratic (LQ) mathematical model. METHODS AND MATERIALS Data on clonogenic assays concerning the radio-enhancement effects of combined halogenated pyrimidines and hyperthermia or combined cisplatin and hyperthermia, as published in earlier reports, were analyzed according to the LQ-formula: S(D)/S(0) = exp-(αD + βD(2)). Effects of sensitizing agents on the linear parameter α and the quadratic parameter β are compared in order to evaluate differences depending on the applied dose, the possible relations to mechanisms of radiation sensitization and to derive suggestions for applications. RESULTS The values of the linear parameter α, which determines the effectiveness at low doses, are for all cell lines and all conditions more increased than the values of the parameter β which has a higher contribution at larger radiation doses. The combination of hyperthermia with halogenated pyrimidines to radiation as well as the combination of hyperthermia and cisplatin to radiation significantly increases the value of the linear parameter α, as compared to radiation alone or radiation combined with a single agent. CONCLUSIONS The radiation enhancement factors of the values of linear and quadratic parameters demonstrate that the sensitizing agents have a larger effect on the linear parameter which is dominant at low radiation doses as is used in fractionated-radiation treatment in the clinic. Moreover, the effect is even further increased when two radiation sensitizers are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas A P Franken
- a Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology , Centre for Molecular Medicine , Amsterdam , The Netherlands ;,b Department of Radiation Oncology , Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - H Petra Kok
- b Department of Radiation Oncology , Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Crezee
- b Department of Radiation Oncology , Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit W Barendsen
- a Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology , Centre for Molecular Medicine , Amsterdam , The Netherlands ;,b Department of Radiation Oncology , Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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26
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Bergs JWJ, Oei AL, Ten Cate R, Rodermond HM, Stalpers LJ, Barendsen GW, Franken NAP. Dynamics of chromosomal aberrations, induction of apoptosis, BRCA2 degradation and sensitization to radiation by hyperthermia. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:243-50. [PMID: 27246457 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermia can transiently degrade BRCA2 and thereby inhibit the homologous recombination pathway. Induced DNA-double strand breaks (DSB) then have to be repaired via the error prone non-homologous end-joining pathway. In the present study, to investigate the role of hyperthermia in genotoxicity and radiosensitization, the induction of chromosomal aberrations was examined by premature chromosome condensation and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (PCC-FISH), and cell survival was determined by clonogenic assay shortly (0-1 h) and 24 h following exposure to hyperthermia in combination with ionizing radiation. Prior to exposure to 4 Gy γ-irradiation, confluent cultures of SW‑1573 (human lung carcinoma) and RKO (human colorectal carcinoma) cells were exposed to mild hyperthermia (1 h, 41˚C). At 1 h, the frequency of chromosomal translocations was higher following combined exposure than following exposure to irradiation alone. At 24 h, the number of translocations following combined exposure was lower than following exposure to irradiation only, and was also lower than at 1 h following combined exposure. These dynamics in translocation frequency can be explained by the hyperthermia-induced transient reduction of BRCA2 observed in both cell lines. In both cell lines exposed to radiation only, potentially lethal damage repair (PLDR) correlated with a decreased number of chromosomal fragments at 24 h compared to 1 h. With combined exposure, PLDR did not correlate with a decrease in fragments, as in the RKO cells at 24 h following combined exposure, the frequency of fragments remained at the level found after 1 h of exposure and was also significantly higher than that found following exposure to radiation alone. This was not observed in the SW‑1573 cells. Cell survival experiments demonstrated that exposure to hyperthermia radiosensitized the RKO cells, but not the SW‑1573 cells. This radiosensitization was at least partly due to the induction of apoptosis, which was only observed in the RKO cells and which may have been induced by BRCA2 degradation or different types of chromosomal aberrations. An important observation of this study is that the genotoxic effect of hyperthermia shortly after combined epxosure (to hyperthermia and radiation) is not observed at 24 h after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith W J Bergs
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arlene L Oei
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rosemarie Ten Cate
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans M Rodermond
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas J Stalpers
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit W Barendsen
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas A P Franken
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Schooneveldt G, Bakker A, Balidemaj E, Chopra R, Crezee J, Geijsen ED, Hartmann J, Hulshof MC, Kok HP, Paulides MM, Sousa-Escandon A, Stauffer PR, Maccarini PF. Thermal dosimetry for bladder hyperthermia treatment. An overview. Int J Hyperthermia 2016; 32:417-33. [DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2016.1156170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Targeting the heat shock response in combination with radiotherapy: Sensitizing cancer cells to irradiation-induced cell death and heating up their immunogenicity. Cancer Lett 2015; 368:209-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Oei AL, Vriend LEM, Crezee J, Franken NAP, Krawczyk PM. Effects of hyperthermia on DNA repair pathways: one treatment to inhibit them all. Radiat Oncol 2015; 10:165. [PMID: 26245485 PMCID: PMC4554295 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-015-0462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The currently available arsenal of anticancer modalities includes many DNA damaging agents that can kill malignant cells. However, efficient DNA repair mechanisms protect both healthy and cancer cells against the effects of treatment and contribute to the development of drug resistance. Therefore, anti-cancer treatments based on inflicting DNA damage can benefit from inhibition of DNA repair. Hyperthermia – treatment at elevated temperature – considerably affects DNA repair, among other cellular processes, and can thus sensitize (cancer) cells to DNA damaging agents. This effect has been known and clinically applied for many decades, but how heat inhibits DNA repair and which pathways are targeted has not been fully elucidated. In this review we attempt to summarize the known effects of hyperthermia on DNA repair pathways relevant in clinical treatment of cancer. Furthermore, we outline the relationships between the effects of heat on DNA repair and sensitization of cells to various DNA damaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene L Oei
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Radiotherapy, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Lianne E M Vriend
- Van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy (LCAM)-AMC, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Johannes Crezee
- Department of Radiotherapy, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Nicolaas A P Franken
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Radiotherapy, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Przemek M Krawczyk
- Van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy (LCAM)-AMC, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Attaluri A, Kandala SK, Wabler M, Zhou H, Cornejo C, Armour M, Hedayati M, Zhang Y, DeWeese TL, Herman C, Ivkov R. Magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia enhances radiation therapy: A study in mouse models of human prostate cancer. Int J Hyperthermia 2015; 31:359-74. [PMID: 25811736 PMCID: PMC4696027 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2015.1005178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to characterise magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia (mNPH) with radiation therapy (RT) for prostate cancer. METHODS Human prostate cancer subcutaneous tumours, PC3 and LAPC-4, were grown in nude male mice. When tumours measured 150 mm3 magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs) were injected into tumours to a target dose of 5.5 mg Fe/cm3 tumour, and treated 24 h later by exposure to alternating magnetic field (AMF). Mice were randomly assigned to one of four cohorts to characterise (1) intratumour MIONP distribution, (2) effects of variable thermal dose mNPH (fixed AMF peak amplitude 24 kA/m at 160 ± 5 kHz) with/without RT (5 Gy), (3) effects of RT (RT5: 5 Gy; RT8: 8 Gy), and (4) fixed thermal dose mNPH (43 °C for 20 min) with/without RT (5 Gy). MIONP concentration and distribution were assessed following sacrifice and tissue harvest using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Prussian blue staining, respectively. Tumour growth was monitored and compared among treated groups. RESULTS LAPC-4 tumours retained higher MIONP concentration and more uniform distribution than did PC3 tumours. AMF power modulation provided similar thermal dose for mNPH and combination therapy groups (CEM43: LAPC-4: 33.6 ± 3.4 versus 25.9 ± 0.8, and PC3: 27.19 ± 0.7 versus 27.50 ± 0.6), thereby overcoming limitations of MIONP distribution and yielding statistically significant tumour growth delay. CONCLUSION PC3 and LAPC-4 tumours represent two biological models that demonstrate different patterns of nanoparticle retention and distribution, offering a model to make comparisons of these effects for mNPH. Modulating power for mNPH offers potential to overcome limitations of MIONP distribution to enhance mNPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anilchandra Attaluri
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sri Kamal Kandala
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michele Wabler
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Haoming Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christine Cornejo
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael Armour
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mohammad Hedayati
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Theodore L. DeWeese
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cila Herman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert Ivkov
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Mouratidis PXE, Rivens I, Ter Haar G. A study of thermal dose-induced autophagy, apoptosis and necroptosis in colon cancer cells. Int J Hyperthermia 2015; 31:476-88. [PMID: 25974074 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2015.1029995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The pleiotropic effects of heat on cancer cells have been well documented. The biological effects seen depend on the temperature applied, and the heating duration. In this study we investigate the cytotoxic effects of heat on colon cancer cells and determine how different cell death processes such as autophagy, apoptosis and necroptosis play a role in cell response. MATERIALS AND METHODS The thermal dose concept was used to provide a parameter that will allow comparison of different thermal treatments. Two human colon cancer cell lines, HCT116 and HT29, were subjected to ablative temperatures using a polymerase chain reaction thermal cycler. Temperature was recorded using thermocouples. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. Induction of apoptosis was estimated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that detects cleaved cytoplasmic nucleosomes. Protein regulation was determined using immunoblotting. The percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis and autophagy was determined with annexin V/propidium iodide staining and a cationic amphiphilic tracer using fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. RESULTS Exposure of colon cancer cells to ablative thermal doses results in decreased cell viability. The cytotoxic effect of heat is associated with induction of apoptosis and autophagy, the amount depending on both the thermal dose applied and on the time elapsed after treatment. Autophagy induction is mainly seen in live cells. RIPK3 protein levels are increased after exposure of cells to heat. A necroptosis inhibitor does not affect cell viability. CONCLUSIONS Autophagy, apoptosis and necroptosis are associated with the response of these cancer cell lines to supra-normal temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros X E Mouratidis
- Joint Department of Physics, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital , London , UK
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Magin S, Papaioannou M, Saha J, Staudt C, Iliakis G. Inhibition of Homologous Recombination and Promotion of Mutagenic Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Underpins Arabinoside–Nucleoside Analogue Radiosensitization. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:1424-33. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Naipal KA, van Gent DC. PARP inhibitors: the journey from research hypothesis to clinical approval. Per Med 2015; 12:139-154. [PMID: 29754541 DOI: 10.2217/pme.14.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer puts an increasing burden on our healthcare system and is a major cause of death. Therefore, novel approaches are required to improve cancer treatment. Cancer cells have several hallmarks that could be therapeutically targeted. Importantly, every tumor has a different combination of aberrations affecting the different hallmarks. This review focuses on targeting one of these hallmarks, the DNA damage response (DDR). DDR defects can not only cause cancer, but they can also be exploited therapeutically. This plays an important role even in 'classical' (DNA damaging) chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but more precise targeting of specific defects is expected to increase treatment efficacy and decrease normal tissue toxicity. Poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are the first clinical example of such synthetic lethality in tumors having specific DDR defects. They are currently under investigation as DDR-targeting anticancer drugs and they progress quickly in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishan At Naipal
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dik C van Gent
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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He X, Jing Y, Wang J, Li K, Yang Q, Zhao Y, Li R, Ge J, Qiu X, Li G. Significant accumulation of persistent organic pollutants and dysregulation in multiple DNA damage repair pathways in the electronic-waste-exposed populations. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 137:458-466. [PMID: 25679774 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Electronic waste (e-waste) has created a worldwide environmental and health problem, by generating a diverse group of hazardous compounds such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Our previous studies demonstrated that populations from e-waste exposed region have a significantly higher level of chromosomal aberrancy and incidence of DNA damage. In this study, we further demonstrated that various POPs persisted at a significantly higher concentration in the exposed group than those in the unexposed group. The level of reactive oxygen species and micronucleus rate were also significantly elevated in the exposed group. RNA sequencing analysis revealed 31 genes in DNA damage responses and repair pathways that were differentially expressed between the two groups (Log2 ratio >1 or <-1). Our data demonstrated that both females and males of the exposed group have activated a series of DNA damage response genes; however many important DNA repair pathways have been dysregulated. Expressions of NEIL1/3 and RPA3, which are critical in initiating base pair and nucleotide excision repairs respectively, have been downregulated in both females and males of the exposed group. In contrast, expression of RNF8, an E3 ligase involved in an error prone non-homologous end joining repair for DNA double strand break, was upregulated in both genders of the exposed group. The other genes appeared to be differentially expressed only when the males or females of the two groups were compared respectively. Importantly, the expression of cell cycle regulatory gene CDC25A that has been implicated in multiple kinds of malignant transformation was significantly upregulated among the exposed males while downregulated among the exposed females. In conclusion, our studies have demonstrated significant correlations between e-waste disposing and POPs accumulation, DNA lesions and dysregulation of multiple DNA damage repair mechanisms in the residents of the e-waste exposed region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo He
- Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Yaqing Jing
- Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Jianhai Wang
- Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Keqiu Li
- Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Qiaoyun Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Yuxia Zhao
- Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Ran Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Jie Ge
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, PR China; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, PR China
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
| | - Guang Li
- Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China.
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Raoof M, Zhu C, Cisneros BT, Liu H, Corr SJ, Wilson LJ, Curley SA. Hyperthermia inhibits recombination repair of gemcitabine-stalled replication forks. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju183. [PMID: 25128695 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gemcitabine is a potent nucleoside analogue against solid tumors, but development of drug resistance is a substantial problem. Removal of gemcitabine incorporated into DNA by repair mechanisms may contribute to resistance in chemo-refractory solid tumors. Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is usually very chemoresistant to gemcitabine. METHODS We treated HCC in vitro and in vivo (orthotopic murine model with human Hep3B or HepG2 xenografts, 7-10 CB17SCID mice per group) with gemcitabine. The role of homologous recombination repair proteins in repairing stalled replication forks was evaluated with hyperthermia exposure and cell-cycle analysis. The Student t-test was used for two-sample comparisons. Multiple group data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS We demonstrated that Mre11-mediated homologous recombination repair of gemcitabine-stalled replication forks is crucial to survival of HCC cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated inhibition of Mre11 by an exonuclease inhibitor or concomitant hyperthermia. In orthotopic murine models of chemoresistant HCC, the Hep3B tumor mass with radiofrequency plus gemcitabine treatment (mean ± SD, 180±91mg) was statistically significantly smaller compared with gemcitabine alone (661±419mg, P = .0063). CONCLUSIONS This study provides mechanistic understanding of homologous recombination inhibiting-strategies, such as noninvasive radiofrequency field-induced hyperthermia, to overcome resistance to gemcitabine in refractory human solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Raoof
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (MR); Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (MR, CZ, BTC, HL, SJC, SAC); Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (SAC, SJC); Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX (LJW, SJC)
| | - Cihui Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (MR); Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (MR, CZ, BTC, HL, SJC, SAC); Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (SAC, SJC); Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX (LJW, SJC)
| | - Brandon T Cisneros
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (MR); Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (MR, CZ, BTC, HL, SJC, SAC); Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (SAC, SJC); Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX (LJW, SJC)
| | - Heping Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (MR); Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (MR, CZ, BTC, HL, SJC, SAC); Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (SAC, SJC); Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX (LJW, SJC)
| | - Stuart J Corr
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (MR); Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (MR, CZ, BTC, HL, SJC, SAC); Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (SAC, SJC); Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX (LJW, SJC)
| | - Lon J Wilson
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (MR); Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (MR, CZ, BTC, HL, SJC, SAC); Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (SAC, SJC); Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX (LJW, SJC)
| | - Steven A Curley
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (MR); Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (MR, CZ, BTC, HL, SJC, SAC); Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (SAC, SJC); Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX (LJW, SJC).
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Franken NAP, Barendsen GW. Enhancement of radiation effectiveness by hyperthermia and incorporation of halogenated pyrimidines at low radiation doses as compared with high doses: Implications for mechanisms. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:313-7. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.887234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ihara M, Takeshita S, Okaichi K, Okumura Y, Ohnishi T. Heat exposure enhances radiosensitivity by depressing DNA-PK kinase activity during double strand break repair. Int J Hyperthermia 2014; 30:102-9. [DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2014.887793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Decay of γ-H2AX foci correlates with potentially lethal damage repair and P53 status in human colorectal carcinoma cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2013; 19:37-51. [PMID: 24363165 PMCID: PMC6275741 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-013-0113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of p53 status on potentially lethal damage repair (PLDR) and DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair was studied in two isogenic human colorectal carcinoma cell lines: RKO (p53 wild-type) and RC10.1 (p53 null). They were treated with different doses of ionizing radiation, and survival and the induction of DNA-DSB were studied. PLDR was determined by using clonogenic assays and then comparing the survival of cells plated immediately with the survival of cells plated 24 h after irradiation. Doses varied from 0 to 8 Gy. Survival curves were analyzed using the linear-quadratic formula: S(D)/S(0) = exp-(αD+βD2). The γ-H2AX foci assay was used to study DNA DSB kinetics. Cells were irradiated with single doses of 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 Gy. Foci levels were studied in non-irradiated control cells and 30 min and 24 h after irradiation. Irradiation was performed with gamma rays from a 137Cs source, with a dose rate of 0.5 Gy/min. The RKO cells show higher survival rates after delayed plating than after immediate plating, while no such difference was found for the RC10.1 cells. Functional p53 seems to be a relevant characteristic regarding PLDR for cell survival. Decay of γ-H2AX foci after exposure to ionizing radiation is associated with DSB repair. More residual foci are observed in RC10.1 than in RKO, indicating that decay of γ-H2AX foci correlates with p53 functionality and PLDR in RKO cells.
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McDaniel JR, Dewhirst MW, Chilkoti A. Actively targeting solid tumours with thermoresponsive drug delivery systems that respond to mild hyperthermia. Int J Hyperthermia 2013; 29:501-10. [PMID: 23924317 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2013.819999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A diverse range of drug delivery vehicles have been developed to specifically target chemotherapeutics to solid tumours while avoiding systemic dose-limiting toxicity. Many of these active targeting strategies display limited efficacy because they rely on subtle differences in expression patterns between pathogenic tissue and healthy tissue. In contrast, drug delivery systems that exploit thermoresponsive behaviour allow a clinician to spatially and temporally control the accumulation and/or release of the toxic agents within tumour tissue by simply applying mild hyperthermia (defined as 39-43 °C) to the desired site. Although thermally sensitive materials comprise a significant portion of the literature on novel drug delivery systems, only a few systems have been methodically tuned to respond within this narrowly defined physiological temperature range in an in vivo environment. This review discusses the materials and strategies developed to control the primary tumour through the combined application of hyperthermia and chemotherapy.
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Mladenov E, Magin S, Soni A, Iliakis G. DNA double-strand break repair as determinant of cellular radiosensitivity to killing and target in radiation therapy. Front Oncol 2013; 3:113. [PMID: 23675572 PMCID: PMC3650303 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy plays an important role in the management of a wide range of cancers. Besides innovations in the physical application of radiation dose, radiation therapy is likely to benefit from novel approaches exploiting differences in radiation response between normal and tumor cells. While ionizing radiation induces a variety of DNA lesions, including base damages and single-strand breaks, the DNA double-strand break (DSB) is widely considered as the lesion responsible not only for the aimed cell killing of tumor cells, but also for the general genomic instability that leads to the development of secondary cancers among normal cells. Homologous recombination repair (HRR), non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), and alternative NHEJ, operating as a backup, are the major pathways utilized by cells for the processing of DSBs. Therefore, their function represents a major mechanism of radiation resistance in tumor cells. HRR is also required to overcome replication stress – a potent contributor to genomic instability that fuels cancer development. HRR and alternative NHEJ show strong cell-cycle dependency and are likely to benefit from radiation therapy mediated redistribution of tumor cells throughout the cell-cycle. Moreover, the synthetic lethality phenotype documented between HRR deficiency and PARP inhibition has opened new avenues for targeted therapies. These observations make HRR a particularly intriguing target for treatments aiming to improve the efficacy of radiation therapy. Here, we briefly describe the major pathways of DSB repair and review their possible contribution to cancer cell radioresistance. Finally, we discuss promising alternatives for targeting DSB repair to improve radiation therapy and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Mladenov
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School Essen, Germany
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41
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Zhao L, Lu X, Cao Y. MicroRNA and signal transduction pathways in tumor radiation response. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1625-34. [PMID: 23602933 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor radiation response is an essential issue in radiotherapy and a core determining factor of tumor radioresistance or radiosensitivity. Multiple factors can influence tumor radiation response, and among them tumor genetic and epigenetic background, tumor microenvironment and tumor blood flow status may take a leading role. During the whole process of tumor radiation response, tumor radiosensitivity can be regulated in an orderly manner through some classical signal transduction pathways. Although these pathways have already owned multiple biological functions and involved in the process of carcinogenesis, their regulatory roles in tumor radiation response can not be ignored. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of non-coding RNA of about 22 nucleotides in length, which binds to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of target gene and controls the expression of it at the post-transcriptional level. MiRNA participates in numerous physiology and pathology processes and acts as oncogene or tumor suppressor to affect cancer progression. Through interplaying with the key components in radiation related signal transduction pathways, miRNA could effectively activate the expression of DNA damage response genes and cell cycle related genes in the nucleus, and play a critical role in the modulation of radiation response and radiosensitivity in tumor cells. In this review, we mainly elucidate the regulatory mechanisms and functions of miRNA in these radiation related signal transduction pathways from three different aspects which include the upstream receptors, midstream transducer pathways, and downstream effector genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqing Zhao
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
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van Oorschot B, Hovingh SE, Rodermond H, Güçlü A, Losekoot N, Geldof AA, Barendsen GW, Stalpers LJ, Franken NAP. Decay of γ-H2AX foci correlates with potentially lethal damage repair in prostate cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2013; 29:2175-80. [PMID: 23545587 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the relationship between ionizing radiation-induced levels of γ-H2AX foci and cell survival in cultured prostate cancer cell lines, three prostate cancer cell lines: LNCaP (wt TP53), DU145 (mut TP53) and PC3 (TP53 null), were studied. For γ-H2AX foci induction, cells were irradiated with a single dose of 2 Gy and foci levels were studied at 30 min and 24 h after irradiation. Cell survival was determined by clonogenic assay, directly and 24 h after irradiation with doses ranging from 0 to 8 Gy. Irradiation was performed with a Siemens Stabilipan 250 KeV X-ray machine at a dose rate of approximately 3 Gy/min. Survival curves were analyzed using the linear-quadratic model S(D)/S(0)=exp-(αD+βD2). LNCaP cells clearly demonstrated potentially lethal damage repair (PLDR) which was assessed as increased survival levels after delayed plating as compared to cells plated immediately after irradiation. DU145 cells demonstrated only a slight PLDR and PC3 cells did not show PLDR at all. Levels of γ-H2AX foci were significantly decreased in all cell lines at 24 h after irradiation, compared to levels after 30 min. The LNCaP cells which demonstrated a clear PLDR also showed the largest decay in the number of γ-H2AX foci. In addition, the PC cells which did not show PLDR had the lowest decay of γ-H2AX foci. A clear correlation was demonstrated between the degree of decay of γ-H2AX foci and PLDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bregje van Oorschot
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, and Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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