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Tao B, Gong W, Xu C, Ma Z, Mei J, Chen M. The relationship between hypoxia and Alzheimer's disease: an updated review. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1402774. [PMID: 39086755 PMCID: PMC11288848 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1402774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, and the most prevalent form of dementia. The main hallmarks for the diagnosis of AD are extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque deposition and intracellular accumulation of highly hyperphosphorylated Tau protein as neurofibrillary tangles. The brain consumes more oxygen than any other organs, so it is more easily to be affected by hypoxia. Hypoxia has long been recognized as one of the possible causes of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases, but the exact mechanism has not been clarified. In this review, we will elucidate the connection between hypoxia-inducible factors-1α and AD, including its contribution to AD and its possible protective effects. Additionally, we will discuss the relationship between oxidative stress and AD as evidence show that oxidative stress acts on AD-related pathogenic factors such as mitochondrial dysfunction, Aβ deposition, inflammation, etc. Currently, there is no cure for AD. Given the close association between hypoxia, oxidative stress, and AD, along with current research on the protective effects of antioxidants against AD, we speculate that antioxidants could be a potential therapeutic approach for AD and worth further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borui Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chengyuan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhihui Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinyu Mei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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2
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Buoso C, Seifert M, Lang M, Griffith CM, Talavera Andújar B, Castelo Rueda MP, Fischer C, Doerrier C, Talasz H, Zanon A, Pramstaller PP, Schymanski EL, Pichler I, Weiss G. Dopamine‑iron homeostasis interaction rescues mitochondrial fitness in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 196:106506. [PMID: 38648865 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Imbalances of iron and dopamine metabolism along with mitochondrial dysfunction have been linked to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). We have previously suggested a direct link between iron homeostasis and dopamine metabolism, as dopamine can increase cellular uptake of iron into macrophages thereby promoting oxidative stress responses. In this study, we investigated the interplay between iron, dopamine, and mitochondrial activity in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived dopaminergic neurons differentiated from a healthy control and a PD patient with a mutation in the α-synuclein (SNCA) gene. In SH-SY5Y cells, dopamine treatment resulted in increased expression of the transmembrane iron transporters transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1), ferroportin (FPN), and mitoferrin2 (MFRN2) and intracellular iron accumulation, suggesting that dopamine may promote iron uptake. Furthermore, dopamine supplementation led to reduced mitochondrial fitness including decreased mitochondrial respiration, increased cytochrome c control efficiency, reduced mtDNA copy number and citrate synthase activity, increased oxidative stress and impaired aconitase activity. In dopaminergic neurons derived from a healthy control individual, dopamine showed comparable effects as observed in SH-SY5Y cells. The hiPSC-derived PD neurons harboring an endogenous SNCA mutation demonstrated altered mitochondrial iron homeostasis, reduced mitochondrial capacity along with increased oxidative stress and alterations of tricarboxylic acid cycle linked metabolic pathways compared with control neurons. Importantly, dopamine treatment of PD neurons promoted a rescue effect by increasing mitochondrial respiration, activating antioxidant stress response, and normalizing altered metabolite levels linked to mitochondrial function. These observations provide evidence that dopamine affects iron homeostasis, intracellular stress responses and mitochondrial function in healthy cells, while dopamine supplementation can restore the disturbed regulatory network in PD cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Buoso
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Seifert
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Lang
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Corey M Griffith
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4362 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Begoña Talavera Andújar
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4362 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | | | - Christine Fischer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Heribert Talasz
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Protein Core Facility, Biocenter Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Emma L Schymanski
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4362 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Irene Pichler
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Guenter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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3
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Tian J, Jia K, Wang T, Guo L, Xuan Z, Michaelis EK, Swerdlow RH, Du H. Hippocampal transcriptome-wide association study and pathway analysis of mitochondrial solute carriers in Alzheimer's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:250. [PMID: 38858380 PMCID: PMC11164935 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02958-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasingly recognized as the result of the combination of the aging process, toxic proteins, brain dysmetabolism, and genetic risks. Although the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of AD has been well-appreciated, the interaction between mitochondrial function and genetic variability in promoting dementia is still poorly understood. In this study, by tissue-specific transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) and further meta-analysis, we examined the genetic association between mitochondrial solute carrier family (SLC25) genes and AD in three independent cohorts and identified three AD-susceptibility genes, including SLC25A10, SLC25A17, and SLC25A22. Integrative analysis using neuroimaging data and hippocampal TWAS-predicted gene expression of the three susceptibility genes showed an inverse correlation of SLC25A22 with hippocampal atrophy rate in AD patients, which outweighed the impacts of sex, age, and apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4). Furthermore, SLC25A22 downregulation demonstrated an association with AD onset, as compared with the other two transcriptome-wide significant genes. Pathway and network analysis related hippocampal SLC25A22 downregulation to defects in neuronal function and development, echoing the enrichment of SLC25A22 expression in human glutamatergic neurons. The most parsimonious interpretation of the results is that we have identified AD-susceptibility genes in the SLC25 family through the prediction of hippocampal gene expression. Moreover, our findings mechanistically yield insight into the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis of AD and pave the way for the future development of diagnostic tools for the early prevention of AD from a perspective of precision medicine by targeting the mitochondria-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Kun Jia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Tienju Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Zhenyu Xuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Elias K Michaelis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Russell H Swerdlow
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Heng Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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4
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Ferreira T, Rodriguez S. Mitochondrial DNA: Inherent Complexities Relevant to Genetic Analyses. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:617. [PMID: 38790246 PMCID: PMC11121663 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) exhibits distinct characteristics distinguishing it from the nuclear genome, necessitating specific analytical methods in genetic studies. This comprehensive review explores the complex role of mtDNA in a variety of genetic studies, including genome-wide, epigenome-wide, and phenome-wide association studies, with a focus on its implications for human traits and diseases. Here, we discuss the structure and gene-encoding properties of mtDNA, along with the influence of environmental factors and epigenetic modifications on its function and variability. Particularly significant are the challenges posed by mtDNA's high mutation rate, heteroplasmy, and copy number variations, and their impact on disease susceptibility and population genetic analyses. The review also highlights recent advances in methodological approaches that enhance our understanding of mtDNA associations, advocating for refined genetic research techniques that accommodate its complexities. By providing a comprehensive overview of the intricacies of mtDNA, this paper underscores the need for an integrated approach to genetic studies that considers the unique properties of mitochondrial genetics. Our findings aim to inform future research and encourage the development of innovative methodologies to better interpret the broad implications of mtDNA in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Ferreira
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UD, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Santiago Rodriguez
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UD, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
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5
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Li F, Xiang R, Liu Y, Hu G, Jiang Q, Jia T. Approaches and challenges in identifying, quantifying, and manipulating dynamic mitochondrial genome variations. Cell Signal 2024; 117:111123. [PMID: 38417637 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria, the cellular powerhouses, possess their own unique genetic system, including replication, transcription, and translation. Studying these processes is crucial for comprehending mitochondrial disorders, energy production, and their related diseases. Over the past decades, various approaches have been applied in detecting and quantifying mitochondrial genome variations with also the purpose of manipulation of mitochondria or mitochondrial genome for therapeutics. Understanding the scope and limitations of above strategies is not only fundamental to the understanding of basic biology but also critical for exploring disease-related novel target(s), as well to develop innovative therapies. Here, this review provides an overview of different tools and techniques for accurate mitochondrial genome variations identification, quantification, and discuss novel strategies for the manipulation of mitochondria to develop innovative therapeutic interventions, through combining the insights gained from the study of mitochondrial genetics with ongoing single cell omics combined with advanced single molecular tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Run Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Quanbo Jiang
- Light, Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies (L2n) Laboratory, CNRS EMR 7004, University of Technology of Troyes, 12 rue Marie Curie, 10004 Troyes, France
| | - Tao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; CNRS-UMR9187, INSERM U1196, PSL-Research University, 91405 Orsay, France; CNRS-UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France.
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6
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Kejík Z, Koubková N, Krčová L, Sýkora D, Abramenko N, Veselá K, Kaplánek R, Hajduch J, Houdová Megová M, Bušek P, Šedo A, Lacina L, Smetana K, Martásek P, Jakubek M. Combination of quinoxaline with pentamethinium system: Mitochondrial staining and targeting. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106816. [PMID: 37716274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Pentamethinium indolium salts are promising fluorescence probes and anticancer agents with high mitochondrial selectivity. We synthesized two indolium pentamethinium salts: a cyclic form with quinoxaline directly incorporated in the pentamethinium chain (cPMS) and an open form with quinoxaline substitution in the γ-position (oPMS). To better understand their properties, we studied their interaction with mitochondrial phospholipids (cardiolipin and phosphatidylcholine) by spectroscopic methods (UV-Vis, fluorescence, and NMR spectroscopy). Both compounds displayed significant affinity for cardiolipin and phosphatidylcholine, which was associated with a strong change in their UV-Vis spectra. Nevertheless, we surprisingly observed that fluorescence properties of cPMS changed in complex with both cardiolipin and phosphatidylcholine, whereas those of oPMS only changed in complex with cardiolipin. Both salts, especially cPMS, display high usability in mitochondrial imaging and are cytotoxic for cancer cells. The above clearly indicates that conjugates of pentamethinium and quinoxaline group, especially cPMS, represent promising structural motifs for designing mitochondrial-specific agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Kejík
- BIOCEV, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec, Prumyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 6, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nela Koubková
- BIOCEV, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec, Prumyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 6, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Krčová
- BIOCEV, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec, Prumyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 6, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Sýkora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 6, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nikita Abramenko
- BIOCEV, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec, Prumyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Veselá
- BIOCEV, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec, Prumyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Kaplánek
- BIOCEV, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec, Prumyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 6, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hajduch
- BIOCEV, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec, Prumyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 6, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Houdová Megová
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 2, CZ-120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bušek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 2, CZ-120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleksi Šedo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 2, CZ-120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Lacina
- BIOCEV, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec, Prumyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Dermatovenerology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, CZ-128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 2, CZ-120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Smetana
- BIOCEV, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec, Prumyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 2, CZ-120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Martásek
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Jakubek
- BIOCEV, Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec, Prumyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 6, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Kunze R, Fischer S, Marti HH, Preissner KT. Brain alarm by self-extracellular nucleic acids: from neuroinflammation to neurodegeneration. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:64. [PMID: 37550658 PMCID: PMC10405513 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00954-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, as well as the neurodegenerative diseases Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease are accompanied or even powered by danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), defined as endogenous molecules released from stressed or damaged tissue. Besides protein-related DAMPs or "alarmins", numerous nucleic acid DAMPs exist in body fluids, such as cell-free nuclear and mitochondrial DNA as well as different species of extracellular RNA, collectively termed as self-extracellular nucleic acids (SENAs). Among these, microRNA, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs and extracellular ribosomal RNA constitute the majority of RNA-based DAMPs. Upon tissue injury, necrosis or apoptosis, such SENAs are released from neuronal, immune and other cells predominantly in association with extracellular vesicles and may be translocated to target cells where they can induce intracellular regulatory pathways in gene transcription and translation. The majority of SENA-induced signaling reactions in the brain appear to be related to neuroinflammatory processes, often causally associated with the onset or progression of the respective disease. In this review, the impact of the diverse types of SENAs on neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases will be discussed. Based on the accumulating knowledge in this field, several specific antagonistic approaches are presented that could serve as therapeutic interventions to lower the pathological outcome of the indicated brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Kunze
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silvia Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hugo H. Marti
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus T. Preissner
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
- Kerckhoff-Heart-Research-Institute, Department of Cardiology, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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8
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Shang D, Huang M, Wang B, Yan X, Wu Z, Zhang X. mtDNA Maintenance and Alterations in the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:578-598. [PMID: 35950246 PMCID: PMC10207910 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220810114644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence indicates that the semiautonomous organelles mitochondria play key roles in the progression of many neurodegenerative disorders. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes components of the OXPHOS complex but mutated mtDNA accumulates in cells with aging, which mirrors the increased prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases. This accumulation stems not only from the misreplication of mtDNA and the highly oxidative environment but also from defective mitophagy after fission. In this review, we focus on several pivotal mitochondrial proteins related to mtDNA maintenance (such as ATAD3A and TFAM), mtDNA alterations including mtDNA mutations, mtDNA elimination, and mtDNA release-activated inflammation to understand the crucial role played by mtDNA in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease. Our work outlines novel therapeutic strategies for targeting mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehao Shang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Minghao Huang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Biyao Wang
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Yan
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhou Wu
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
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9
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Mitochondrial DNA Repair in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Ageing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911391. [PMID: 36232693 PMCID: PMC9569545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the only organelles, along with the nucleus, that have their own DNA. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a double-stranded circular molecule of ~16.5 kbp that can exist in multiple copies within the organelle. Both strands are translated and encode for 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs, and 13 proteins. mtDNA molecules are anchored to the inner mitochondrial membrane and, in association with proteins, form a structure called nucleoid, which exerts a structural and protective function. Indeed, mitochondria have evolved mechanisms necessary to protect their DNA from chemical and physical lesions such as DNA repair pathways similar to those present in the nucleus. However, there are mitochondria-specific mechanisms such as rapid mtDNA turnover, fission, fusion, and mitophagy. Nevertheless, mtDNA mutations may be abundant in somatic tissue due mainly to the proximity of the mtDNA to the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system and, consequently, to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed during ATP production. In this review, we summarise the most common types of mtDNA lesions and mitochondria repair mechanisms. The second part of the review focuses on the physiological role of mtDNA damage in ageing and the effect of mtDNA mutations in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Considering the central role of mitochondria in maintaining cellular homeostasis, the analysis of mitochondrial function is a central point for developing personalised medicine.
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10
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Antonyová V, Tatar A, Brogyányi T, Kejík Z, Kaplánek R, Vellieux F, Abramenko N, Sinica A, Hajduch J, Novotný P, Masters BS, Martásek P, Jakubek M. Targeting of the Mitochondrial TET1 Protein by Pyrrolo[3,2- b]pyrrole Chelators. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810850. [PMID: 36142763 PMCID: PMC9505425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting of epigenetic mechanisms, such as the hydroxymethylation of DNA, has been intensively studied, with respect to the treatment of many serious pathologies, including oncological disorders. Recent studies demonstrated that promising therapeutic strategies could potentially be based on the inhibition of the TET1 protein (ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1) by specific iron chelators. Therefore, in the present work, we prepared a series of pyrrolopyrrole derivatives with hydrazide (1) or hydrazone (2–6) iron-binding groups. As a result, we determined that the basic pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole derivative 1 was a strong inhibitor of the TET1 protein (IC50 = 1.33 μM), supported by microscale thermophoresis and molecular docking. Pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles 2–6, bearing substituted 2-hydroxybenzylidene moieties, displayed no significant inhibitory activity. In addition, in vitro studies demonstrated that derivative 1 exhibits potent anticancer activity and an exclusive mitochondrial localization, confirmed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.92.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Antonyová
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 20 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ameneh Tatar
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Brogyányi
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 53 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Kejík
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 20 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Kaplánek
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 20 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Fréderic Vellieux
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 20 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Nikita Abramenko
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 20 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Alla Sinica
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 20 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hajduch
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 20 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Novotný
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 20 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Bettie Sue Masters
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Pavel Martásek
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Milan Jakubek
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 20 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (M.J.)
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11
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Atilano SR, Abedi S, Ianopol NV, Singh MK, Norman JL, Malik D, Falatoonzadeh P, Chwa M, Nesburn AB, Kuppermann BD, Kenney MC. Differential Epigenetic Status and Responses to Stressors between Retinal Cybrids Cells with African versus European Mitochondrial DNA: Insights into Disease Susceptibilities. Cells 2022; 11:2655. [PMID: 36078063 PMCID: PMC9454894 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial (mt) DNA can be classified into haplogroups, which represent populations with different geographic origins. Individuals of maternal African backgrounds (L haplogroup) are more prone to develop specific diseases compared those with maternal European-H haplogroups. Using a cybrid model, effects of amyloid-β (Amyβ), sub-lethal ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC), a methylation inhibitor, were investigated. Amyβ treatment decreased cell metabolism and increased levels of reactive oxygen species in European-H and African-L cybrids, but lower mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM) was found only in African-L cybrids. Sub-lethal UV radiation induced higher expression levels of CFH, EFEMP1, BBC3, and BCL2L13 in European-H cybrids compared to African-L cybrids. With respect to epigenetic status, the African-L cybrids had (a) 4.7-fold higher total global methylation levels (p = 0.005); (b) lower expression patterns for DNMT3B; and (c) elevated levels for HIST1H3F. The European-H and African-L cybrids showed different transcription levels for CFH, EFEMP1, CXCL1, CXCL8, USP25, and VEGF after treatment with 5-aza-dC. In conclusion, compared to European-H haplogroup cybrids, the African-L cybrids have different (i) responses to exogenous stressors (Amyβ and UV radiation), (ii) epigenetic status, and (iii) modulation profiles of methylation-mediated downstream complement, inflammation, and angiogenesis genes, commonly associated with various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari R. Atilano
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Ophthalmology Research Laboratory, University of California Irvine, Hewitt Hall, Room 2028, 843 Health Science Rd., Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Sina Abedi
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Ophthalmology Research Laboratory, University of California Irvine, Hewitt Hall, Room 2028, 843 Health Science Rd., Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Narcisa V. Ianopol
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Ophthalmology Research Laboratory, University of California Irvine, Hewitt Hall, Room 2028, 843 Health Science Rd., Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Mithalesh K. Singh
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Ophthalmology Research Laboratory, University of California Irvine, Hewitt Hall, Room 2028, 843 Health Science Rd., Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - J Lucas Norman
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Ophthalmology Research Laboratory, University of California Irvine, Hewitt Hall, Room 2028, 843 Health Science Rd., Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Deepika Malik
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Ophthalmology Research Laboratory, University of California Irvine, Hewitt Hall, Room 2028, 843 Health Science Rd., Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Payam Falatoonzadeh
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Ophthalmology Research Laboratory, University of California Irvine, Hewitt Hall, Room 2028, 843 Health Science Rd., Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Marilyn Chwa
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Ophthalmology Research Laboratory, University of California Irvine, Hewitt Hall, Room 2028, 843 Health Science Rd., Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Anthony B. Nesburn
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Ophthalmology Research Laboratory, University of California Irvine, Hewitt Hall, Room 2028, 843 Health Science Rd., Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Baruch D. Kuppermann
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Ophthalmology Research Laboratory, University of California Irvine, Hewitt Hall, Room 2028, 843 Health Science Rd., Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - M. Cristina Kenney
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Ophthalmology Research Laboratory, University of California Irvine, Hewitt Hall, Room 2028, 843 Health Science Rd., Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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12
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Liou CW, Chen SH, Lin TK, Tsai MH, Chang CC. Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Associated with APOE4 Allele and Cholinesterase Inhibitor Therapy in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121971. [PMID: 34943074 PMCID: PMC8750673 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of the oxidative/anti-oxidative status in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) carrying different alleles of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene are currently inconclusive; meanwhile, data regarding mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtCN) remain limited. We herein determined the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), thiols, and mtCN in blood samples of 600 AD patients and 601 controls. A significantly higher oxidative TBARS (1.64 μmol/L), lower antioxidative thiols (1.60 μmol/L), and lower mtCN (2.34 log Delta Ct) were found in the AD cohort as compared to the non-AD cohort (1.54 μmol/L, 1.71 μmol/L, 2.46 log Delta Ct). We further identified the ε4 alleles (APOE4) and separated subjects into three groups according to the number of APOE4. A significant trend was noted in the TBARS levels of both AD and non-AD cohorts, highest in the homozygous two alleles (1.86 and 1.80 μmol/L), followed by heterozygous one allele (1.70 and 1.74 μmol/L), and lowest in the no APOE4 allele (1.56 and 1.48 μmol/L). Similar trends of lower thiols and mtCN were also found in the AD cohort. In our study of the influence of cholinesterase inhibitor therapy, we found significantly reduced TBARS levels, and elevated mtCN in AD patients receiving rivastigmine and galantamine therapy. Our study demonstrates associations between the APOE4 allele and oxidative stress biomarkers and mtCN. Using cholinesterase inhibitor therapy may benefit AD patients through attenuation of oxidative stress and manipulation of the mtCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Liou
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (S.-H.C.); (T.-K.L.)
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (S.-H.C.); (T.-K.L.)
| | - Tsu-Kung Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (S.-H.C.); (T.-K.L.)
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Han Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (S.-H.C.); (T.-K.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.-H.T.); (C.-C.C.); Tel.: +886-7-7317123 (ext. 2285) (M.-H.T.); +886-7-7318762 (C.-C.C.)
| | - Chiung-Chih Chang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (S.-H.C.); (T.-K.L.)
- Cognition and Aging Center and Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-H.T.); (C.-C.C.); Tel.: +886-7-7317123 (ext. 2285) (M.-H.T.); +886-7-7318762 (C.-C.C.)
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13
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Mitochondrial DNA and Alzheimer's disease: a first case-control study of the Tunisian population. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:1687-1700. [PMID: 34854014 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06978-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in humans and presents a major health problem throughout the world. The etiology of AD is complex, and many factors are implicated, including mitochondria. Mitochondrial alteration has been proposed as a possible cause of AD. Therefore, several studies have focused on finding an association between inherited mitochondrial DNA variants and AD onset. METHODS In this study, we looked, for the first time, for a potential association between mitochondrial haplogroups or polymorphisms and AD in the Tunisian population. We also evaluated the distribution of the major genetic risk factor for AD, the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 (APOE ε4), in this population. In total, 159 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups were genotyped in 254 individuals (58 patients and 196 controls). An additional genotyping of APOE ε4 was performed. RESULTS No significant association between mitochondrial haplogroups and AD was found. However, two individual SNPs, A5656G (p = 0.03821, OR = 10.46) and A13759G (p = 0.03719, OR = 10.78), showed a significant association with AD. APOE 4 was confirmed as a risk factor for AD (p = 0.000014). CONCLUSION Our findings may confirm the absence of a relation between mitochondrial haplogroups and AD and support the possible involvement of some inherited variants in the pathogenicity of AD.
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14
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Prasuhn J, Brüggemann N. Gene Therapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111840. [PMID: 34828446 PMCID: PMC8623067 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as a pathophysiological hallmark of disease onset and progression in patients with Parkinsonian disorders. Besides the overall emergence of gene therapies in treating these patients, this highly relevant molecular concept has not yet been defined as a target for gene therapeutic approaches. Methods: This narrative review will discuss the experimental evidence suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction as a viable treatment target in patients with monogenic and idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. In addition, we will focus on general treatment strategies and crucial challenges which need to be overcome. Results: Our current understanding of mitochondrial biology in parkinsonian disorders opens up the avenue for viable treatment strategies in Parkinsonian disorders. Insights can be obtained from primary mitochondrial diseases. However, substantial knowledge gaps and unique challenges of mitochondria-targeted gene therapies need to be addressed to provide innovative treatments in the future. Conclusions: Mitochondria-targeted gene therapies are a potential strategy to improve an important primary disease mechanism in Parkinsonian disorders. However, further studies are needed to address the unique design challenges for mitochondria-targeted gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Prasuhn
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany;
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany;
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Correspondence:
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15
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Patro S, Ratna S, Yamamoto HA, Ebenezer AT, Ferguson DS, Kaur A, McIntyre BC, Snow R, Solesio ME. ATP Synthase and Mitochondrial Bioenergetics Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11185. [PMID: 34681851 PMCID: PMC8539681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in our society, as the population ages, its incidence is expected to increase in the coming decades. The etiopathology of this disease still remains largely unclear, probably because of the highly complex and multifactorial nature of AD. However, the presence of mitochondrial dysfunction has been broadly described in AD neurons and other cellular populations within the brain, in a wide variety of models and organisms, including post-mortem humans. Mitochondria are complex organelles that play a crucial role in a wide range of cellular processes, including bioenergetics. In fact, in mammals, including humans, the main source of cellular ATP is the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), a process that occurs in the mitochondrial electron transfer chain (ETC). The last enzyme of the ETC, and therefore the ulterior generator of ATP, is the ATP synthase. Interestingly, in mammalian cells, the ATP synthase can also degrade ATP under certain conditions (ATPase), which further illustrates the crucial role of this enzyme in the regulation of cellular bioenergetics and metabolism. In this collaborative review, we aim to summarize the knowledge of the presence of dysregulated ATP synthase, and of other components of mammalian mitochondrial bioenergetics, as an early event in AD. This dysregulation can act as a trigger of the dysfunction of the organelle, which is a clear component in the etiopathology of AD. Consequently, the pharmacological modulation of the ATP synthase could be a potential strategy to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria E. Solesio
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (S.P.); (S.R.); (H.A.Y.); (A.T.E.); (D.S.F.); (A.K.); (B.C.M.); (R.S.)
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16
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Fonseca Cabral G, Schaan AP, Cavalcante GC, Sena-dos-Santos C, de Souza TP, Souza Port’s NM, dos Santos Pinheiro JA, Ribeiro-dos-Santos Â, Vidal AF. Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genome, Epigenome and Gut Microbiome: Emerging Molecular Biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9839. [PMID: 34576000 PMCID: PMC8471599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is currently the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, burdening about 10 million elderly individuals worldwide. The multifactorial nature of PD poses a difficult obstacle for understanding the mechanisms involved in its onset and progression. Currently, diagnosis depends on the appearance of clinical signs, some of which are shared among various neurologic disorders, hindering early diagnosis. There are no effective tools to prevent PD onset, detect the disease in early stages or accurately report the risk of disease progression. Hence, there is an increasing demand for biomarkers that may identify disease onset and progression, as treatment-based medicine may not be the best approach for PD. Over the last few decades, the search for molecular markers to predict susceptibility, aid in accurate diagnosis and evaluate the progress of PD have intensified, but strategies aimed to improve individualized patient care have not yet been established. CONCLUSIONS Genomic variation, regulation by epigenomic mechanisms, as well as the influence of the host gut microbiome seem to have a crucial role in the onset and progress of PD, thus are considered potential biomarkers. As such, the human nuclear and mitochondrial genome, epigenome, and the host gut microbiome might be the key elements to the rise of personalized medicine for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleyce Fonseca Cabral
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Correa, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.F.C.); (A.P.S.); (G.C.C.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (T.P.d.S.); (J.A.d.S.P.)
| | - Ana Paula Schaan
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Correa, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.F.C.); (A.P.S.); (G.C.C.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (T.P.d.S.); (J.A.d.S.P.)
| | - Giovanna C. Cavalcante
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Correa, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.F.C.); (A.P.S.); (G.C.C.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (T.P.d.S.); (J.A.d.S.P.)
| | - Camille Sena-dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Correa, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.F.C.); (A.P.S.); (G.C.C.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (T.P.d.S.); (J.A.d.S.P.)
| | - Tatiane Piedade de Souza
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Correa, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.F.C.); (A.P.S.); (G.C.C.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (T.P.d.S.); (J.A.d.S.P.)
| | - Natacha M. Souza Port’s
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Jhully Azevedo dos Santos Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Correa, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.F.C.); (A.P.S.); (G.C.C.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (T.P.d.S.); (J.A.d.S.P.)
| | - Ândrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Correa, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.F.C.); (A.P.S.); (G.C.C.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (T.P.d.S.); (J.A.d.S.P.)
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará–R. dos Mundurucus, Belém 66073-000, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Correa, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Amanda F. Vidal
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Correa, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.F.C.); (A.P.S.); (G.C.C.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (T.P.d.S.); (J.A.d.S.P.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Correa, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- ITVDS—Instituto Tecnológico Vale Desenvolvimento Sustentável–R. Boaventura da Silva, Belém 66055-090, Brazil
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17
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Genome-wide mapping of genomic DNA damage: methods and implications. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6745-6762. [PMID: 34463773 PMCID: PMC8558167 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exposures from the external and internal environments lead to the modification of genomic DNA, which is implicated in the cause of numerous diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular, pulmonary and neurodegenerative diseases, together with ageing. However, the precise mechanism(s) linking the presence of damage, to impact upon cellular function and pathogenesis, is far from clear. Genomic location of specific forms of damage is likely to be highly informative in understanding this process, as the impact of downstream events (e.g. mutation, microsatellite instability, altered methylation and gene expression) on cellular function will be positional—events at key locations will have the greatest impact. However, until recently, methods for assessing DNA damage determined the totality of damage in the genomic location, with no positional information. The technique of “mapping DNA adductomics” describes the molecular approaches that map a variety of forms of DNA damage, to specific locations across the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. We propose that integrated comparison of this information with other genome-wide data, such as mutational hotspots for specific genotoxins, tumour-specific mutation patterns and chromatin organisation and transcriptional activity in non-cancerous lesions (such as nevi), pre-cancerous conditions (such as polyps) and tumours, will improve our understanding of how environmental toxins lead to cancer. Adopting an analogous approach for non-cancer diseases, including the development of genome-wide assays for other cellular outcomes of DNA damage, will improve our understanding of the role of DNA damage in pathogenesis more generally.
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18
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Qin J, Gong N, Liao Z, Zhang S, Timashev P, Huo S, Liang XJ. Recent progress in mitochondria-targeting-based nanotechnology for cancer treatment. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:7108-7118. [PMID: 33889907 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01068a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play critical roles in the regulation of the proliferation and apoptosis of cancerous cells. Nanosystems for targeted delivery of cargos to mitochondria for cancer treatment have attracted increasing attention in the past few years. This review will summarize the state of the art of design and construction of nanosystems used for mitochondria-targeted delivery. The use of nanotechnology for cancer treatment through various pathways such as energy metabolism interference, reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation, mitochondrial protein targeting, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) interference, mitophagy inducing, and combination therapy will be discussed. Finally, the major challenges and an outlook in this field will also be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Qin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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19
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Holbrook JA, Jarosz-Griffiths HH, Caseley E, Lara-Reyna S, Poulter JA, Williams-Gray CH, Peckham D, McDermott MF. Neurodegenerative Disease and the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:643254. [PMID: 33776778 PMCID: PMC7987926 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.643254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of neurodegenerative disease has increased significantly in recent years, and with a rapidly aging global population, this trend is expected to continue. These diseases are characterised by a progressive neuronal loss in the brain or peripheral nervous system, and generally involve protein aggregation, as well as metabolic abnormalities and immune dysregulation. Although the vast majority of neurodegeneration is idiopathic, there are many known genetic and environmental triggers. In the past decade, research exploring low-grade systemic inflammation and its impact on the development and progression of neurodegenerative disease has increased. A particular research focus has been whether systemic inflammation arises only as a secondary effect of disease or is also a cause of pathology. The inflammasomes, and more specifically the NLRP3 inflammasome, a crucial component of the innate immune system, is usually activated in response to infection or tissue damage. Dysregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in the progression of several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and prion diseases. This review aims to summarise current literature on the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, and recent work investigating NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition as a potential future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Holbrook
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Heledd H. Jarosz-Griffiths
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Caseley
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Lara-Reyna
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - James A. Poulter
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline H. Williams-Gray
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Peckham
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Centre for Cystic Fibrosis, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Michael F. McDermott
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Iron Complexes of Flavonoids-Antioxidant Capacity and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020646. [PMID: 33440733 PMCID: PMC7827006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are common plant natural products able to suppress ROS-related damage and alleviate oxidative stress. One of key mechanisms, involved in this phenomenon is chelation of transition metal ions. From a physiological perspective, iron is the most significant transition metal, because of its abundance in living organisms and ubiquitous involvement in redox processes. The chemical, pharmaceutical, and biological properties of flavonoids can be significantly affected by their interaction with transition metal ions, mainly iron. In this review, we explain the interaction of various flavonoid structures with Fe(II) and Fe(III) ions and critically discuss the influence of chelated ions on the flavonoid biochemical properties. In addition, specific biological effects of their iron metallocomplexes, such as the inhibition of iron-containing enzymes, have been included in this review.
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van Gastel J, Leysen H, Boddaert J, Vangenechten L, Luttrell LM, Martin B, Maudsley S. Aging-related modifications to G protein-coupled receptor signaling diversity. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 223:107793. [PMID: 33316288 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a highly complex molecular process, affecting nearly all tissue systems in humans and is the highest risk factor in developing neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The intense complexity of the aging process creates an incentive to develop more specific drugs that attenuate or even reverse some of the features of premature aging. As our current pharmacopeia is dominated by therapeutics that target members of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily it may be prudent to search for effective anti-aging therapeutics in this fertile domain. Since the first demonstration of GPCR-based β-arrestin signaling, it has become clear that an enhanced appreciation of GPCR signaling diversity may facilitate the creation of therapeutics with selective signaling activities. Such 'biased' ligand signaling profiles can be effectively investigated using both standard molecular biological techniques as well as high-dimensionality data analyses. Through a more nuanced appreciation of the quantitative nature across the multiple dimensions of signaling bias that drugs possess, researchers may be able to further refine the efficacy of GPCR modulators to impact the complex aberrations that constitute the aging process. Identifying novel effector profiles could expand the effective pharmacopeia and assist in the design of precision medicines. This review discusses potential non-G protein effectors, and specifically their potential therapeutic suitability in aging and age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana van Gastel
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hanne Leysen
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan Boddaert
- Molecular Pathology Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Laura Vangenechten
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Louis M Luttrell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Medical Genetics, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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22
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Chadha S, Behl T, Sehgal A, Kumar A, Bungau S. Exploring the role of mitochondrial proteins as molecular target in Alzheimer's disease. Mitochondrion 2020; 56:62-72. [PMID: 33221353 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain is a fully differentiated organ and is sensitive towards oxidative damage of various compounds including lipids, proteins, and DNA that occurs during process of normal aging and is mainly due to its high energy metabolism and reduced activity of anti-oxidative defense mechanism. Mitochondria are dynamic ATP-generating organelles which constitutes cellular functions such as regulation of intracellular calcium, bio-energetic processes, and reduction-oxidation of cells. Such functioning is negatively affected due to the presence of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) which is involved in pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). Aβ interacts with mitochondria and leads to mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal interactions, oxidative stress, and mis-folding of synaptic proteins inside nervous system are explored and regarded as primary or initial features in insurgence of pathology (AD and other neurological disease). The major histopathological hallmarks of AD are characterized by presence of these hallmarks intracellularly, its further progression and exacerbation which leads to excessive accumulation of oligomeric as well as fibrillar-β-amyloid peptides (present extracellularly) and accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles intracellularly. The current review will focus on alterations and variation in mitochondria/mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the rationale for involvement of related abnormalities in pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Chadha
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania
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23
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Bordoni L, Gabbianelli R. Mitochondrial DNA and Neurodegeneration: Any Role for Dietary Antioxidants? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E764. [PMID: 32824558 PMCID: PMC7466149 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of the mitochondrial function is essential in preventing and counteracting neurodegeneration. In particular, mitochondria of neuronal cells play a pivotal role in sustaining the high energetic metabolism of these cells and are especially prone to oxidative damage. Since overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration, dietary antioxidants have been suggested to counteract the detrimental effects of ROS and to preserve the mitochondrial function, thus slowing the progression and limiting the extent of neuronal cell loss in neurodegenerative disorders. In addition to their role in the redox-system homeostasis, mitochondria are unique organelles in that they contain their own genome (mtDNA), which acts at the interface between environmental exposures and the molecular triggers of neurodegeneration. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that mtDNA (including both genetics and, from recent evidence, epigenetics) might play relevant roles in modulating the risk for neurodegenerative disorders. This mini-review describes the link between the mitochondrial genome and cellular oxidative status, with a particular focus on neurodegeneration; moreover, it provides an overview on potential beneficial effects of antioxidants in preserving mitochondrial functions through the protection of mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bordoni
- Unit of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
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