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Taofeek N, Thompson D, Rowland J, Sanmartin P, Ceron-Romero N, Vroonland E, Cintron O, Rushing M, McKee K, Lopez S, Blake K, Shackelford L, Baker M, Verghese M, Vizcarra J. The effect of dietary sodium octanoate on Ghrelin concentration and feed intake in chickens and turkeys: a comparative study. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103962. [PMID: 39003793 PMCID: PMC11298948 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Active ghrelin (AG) is produced through the post-translational addition of n-octanoic acid to the amino residue Ser-3, making it the natural ligand for the ghrelin receptor. The synthesis of AG is contingent upon specific dietary fatty acids as substrates for the acylation process. Prior studies have demonstrated that AG infusion can lead to reduced feed intake (FI) in broiler chickens, suggesting that manipulating AG may serve as an alternative to quantitative feed restriction in broiler breeders. In this study, we evaluated the effect of dietary sodium octanoate (Octanoate) on FI, water intake (WI), BW, total ghrelin, and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration in two avian species. Broiler chickens and turkeys were reared as recommended by the industry. At 3 wk of age, birds were randomly assigned to a 2 × 3 factorial. The first factor included two species (chickens and turkeys), and the second included doses (0, 4, and 8 mg/mL) of Octanoate in drinking water for 30 d. Feed and WI were recorded daily, while body weight and blood samples were obtained weekly. In chickens, Octanoate doses increased ghrelin and BHB concentrations linearly, while FI and BW decreased linearly with rising Octanoate doses (P < 0.05). However, Octanoate doses did not affect ghrelin, BHB, FI, or BW in turkeys. In conclusion, our data indicate that sodium octanoate administration elicits a differential response in feed intake and body weight gain in chickens and turkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Taofeek
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Huntsville, AL 35762, USA
| | - D Thompson
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Huntsville, AL 35762, USA
| | - J Rowland
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Huntsville, AL 35762, USA
| | - P Sanmartin
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Huntsville, AL 35762, USA
| | - N Ceron-Romero
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Huntsville, AL 35762, USA
| | - E Vroonland
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Huntsville, AL 35762, USA
| | - O Cintron
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Huntsville, AL 35762, USA
| | - M Rushing
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Huntsville, AL 35762, USA
| | - K McKee
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Huntsville, AL 35762, USA
| | - S Lopez
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Huntsville, AL 35762, USA
| | - K Blake
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Huntsville, AL 35762, USA
| | - L Shackelford
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Huntsville, AL 35762, USA
| | - M Baker
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Huntsville, AL 35762, USA
| | - M Verghese
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Huntsville, AL 35762, USA
| | - J Vizcarra
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Huntsville, AL 35762, USA.
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Masuda Y, Fukumori R, Tomoshige M, Sarentonglaga B, Sugino T, Nagao Y. Effect of feeding calf starter with calcium salts of medium-chain fatty acids on the growth and metabolic hormones in calves. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae166. [PMID: 38875129 PMCID: PMC11221069 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of a calf starter supplemented with calcium salts of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA-Ca) on growth and plasma hormone concentration in calves. Twelve Holstein calves were randomly assigned to two dietary groups (without supplementation [CON] and supplemented with MCFA-Ca [MCFA]) from 4 d of age. Calves were fed 1.0 kg/d of milk replacer until 5 wk of age and were completely weaned at 7 wk of age. Calves in the MCFA group received a calf starter containing 1% MCFA-Ca. dry matter intake (DMI) was measured daily, and body weight was measured weekly. Rumen fluid was collected at 13 wk of age to measure pH and volatile fatty acid concentration. Preprandial blood samples were collected weekly to measure the basal plasma hormone and metabolite concentrations. At 4, 8, and 13 wk of age, peri-prandial blood samples were collected every 30 min, from 60 min before feeding to 120 min after feeding, to observe metabolic responses to feeding. In addition, insulin sensitivity was assessed using euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps at 4, 8, and 13 wk of age in three calves from each treatment. There were no differences in starter and hay DMI between the treatments. However, the average daily gain (ADG) after weaning was higher in the MCFA group than in the CON group. Weekly changes in plasma parameters did not differ between the treatments. Plasma concentrations of preprandial ghrelin and postprandial total ketone bodies at 13 wk of age were higher in the MCFA group than in the CON group. At 8 wk of age, peri-prandial plasma insulin concentrations were lower in the MCFA group than in the CON group. There were no differences between the treatments in terms of insulin sensitivity. The present study suggested that feeding weaning calves MCFA-Ca increases the ADG during the postweaning period, which may be mediated by endocrine signals, such as enhanced ghrelin secretion and decreased insulin secretion, without altering insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Masuda
- Department of Agriculture, University Farm, Utsunomiya University, Mohka, 321-4415, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, 183-8538, Japan
| | - R Fukumori
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, 069-8501, Japan
| | - M Tomoshige
- Department of Agriculture, University Farm, Utsunomiya University, Mohka, 321-4415, Japan
| | - B Sarentonglaga
- Department of Agriculture, University Farm, Utsunomiya University, Mohka, 321-4415, Japan
| | - T Sugino
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Y Nagao
- Department of Agriculture, University Farm, Utsunomiya University, Mohka, 321-4415, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, 183-8538, Japan
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Luan J, Feng X, Yang D, Yang M, Jin Y, Zhang M, Geng C. Dietary supplementation of active dry yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to finishing bulls: effects on growth performance, blood hormones, fatty acid concentrations in the gastrointestinal tract and trace mineral elements utilisation. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2164747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Luan
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Dongxu Yang
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Yinghai Jin
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Chunyin Geng
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
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Yamano H, Horike H, Taguchi Y, Inabu Y, Sugino T, Suzuki N, Etoh T, Shiotsuka Y, Fujino R, Takahashi H. Effect of Ca-octanoate supplementation on concentrations of ghrelin and ghrelin-related hormones in plasma and milk of beef cattle. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16795. [PMID: 37313147 PMCID: PMC10258411 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary calcium (Ca)-octanoate supplementation on concentrations of ghrelin, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and insulin in plasma and milk of beef cattle during late gestation and early postpartum. Twelve Japanese Black cattle were offered concentrate without (CON, n = 6) or with Ca-octanoate supplementation at 1.5% of dietary dry matter (OCT, n = 6). Blood samples were collected at -60, -30, and -7 d relative to the expected parturition date and daily from d 0 to 3 after parturition. Milk samples were collected daily postpartum. Compared to the CON group, concentrations of acylated ghrelin increased in plasma as parturition approached in the OCT group (P = 0.02). However, concentrations of GH, IGF-1, and insulin in plasma and milk were not affected by treatment groups throughout the study. Additionally, we showed for the first time that bovine colostrum and transition milk contain acylated ghrelin at a significantly higher concentration than plasma (P = 0.01). Interestingly, concentrations of acylated ghrelin in milk were negatively correlated with those in plasma postpartum (r = -0.50, P < 0.01). Feeding Ca-octanoate increased concentrations of total cholesterol (T-cho) in plasma and milk (P < 0.05), tended to increase those of glucose in plasma at postpartum and milk (P < 0.1). We conclude that feeding Ca-octanoate in late gestation and early postpartum may contribute to increased concentrations of glucose and T-cho in plasma and milk without affecting concentrations of ghrelin, GH, IGF-1, and insulin in plasma and milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Yamano
- Kuju Agricultural Research Center, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Oita, 878-0201, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Horike
- Kuju Agricultural Research Center, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Oita, 878-0201, Japan
| | - Yutaka Taguchi
- Kuju Agricultural Research Center, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Oita, 878-0201, Japan
| | - Yudai Inabu
- Kuju Agricultural Research Center, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Oita, 878-0201, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Sugino
- The Research Center for Animal Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Nonomi Suzuki
- Feed and Livestock Sector, Kanematsu Agritech Co., Ltd., Saitama, 343-0845, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Etoh
- Kuju Agricultural Research Center, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Oita, 878-0201, Japan
| | - Yuji Shiotsuka
- Kuju Agricultural Research Center, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Oita, 878-0201, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Fujino
- Kuju Agricultural Research Center, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Oita, 878-0201, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Kuju Agricultural Research Center, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Oita, 878-0201, Japan
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Salt MPF, da Silva FF, de Carvalho GGP, Santos LV, de Souza SO, Vieira VA, Paixão TR, Silva JWD, de Lima Júnior DM, Silva RR. Inclusion of palm kernel cake in the supplement reduces nutrient digestibility but does not interfere with the performance of steers finished on tropical pasture. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:406. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Thomas AS, Sassi M, Angelini R, Morgan AH, Davies JS. Acylation, a Conductor of Ghrelin Function in Brain Health and Disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:831641. [PMID: 35845996 PMCID: PMC9280358 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.831641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acyl-ghrelin (AG) is an orexigenic hormone that has a unique octanoyl modification on its third serine residue. It is often referred to as the “hunger hormone” due to its involvement in stimulating food intake and regulating energy homeostasis. The discovery of the enzyme ghrelin-O-acyltransferase (GOAT), which catalyses ghrelin acylation, provided further insights into the relevance of this lipidation process for the activation of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) by acyl-ghrelin. Although acyl-ghrelin is predominantly linked with octanoic acid, a range of saturated fatty acids can also bind to ghrelin possibly leading to specific functions. Sources of ghrelin acylation include beta-oxidation of longer chain fatty acids, with contributions from fatty acid synthesis, the diet, and the microbiome. In addition, both acyl-ghrelin and unacyl-ghrelin (UAG) have feedback effects on lipid metabolism which in turn modulate their levels. Recently we showed that whilst acyl-ghrelin promotes adult hippocampal neurogenesis and enhances memory function, UAG inhibits these processes. As a result, we postulated that the circulating acyl-ghrelin:unacyl-ghrelin (AG:UAG) ratio might be an important regulator of neurogenesis and cognition. In this review, we discuss emerging evidence behind the relevance of ghrelin acylation in the context of brain physiology and pathology, as well as the current challenges of identifying the provenance of the acyl moiety.
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Accumulation of medium chain fatty acids in Nannochloropsis oceanica by heterologous expression of Cuphea palustris thioesterase FatB1. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Effects of medium-chain fatty acid supplementation on performance and rumen fermentation of lactating Holstein dairy cows. Animal 2022; 16:100491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Abomasally infused SFA with varying chain length differently affect milk production and composition and alter hepatic and mammary gene expression in lactating cows. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:386-395. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520000379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of the present study was to compare the effects of post-ruminally infused fat supplements, varying in fatty acid (FA) chain length, on animal performance, metabolism and milk FA. Eleven multiparous Holstein dairy cows were used in a replicated incomplete 3 × 3 Latin square design with 7-d periods, separated by 7-d washouts. Treatments were administered as abomasal infusions of enrichments providing 280 g/d of FA: (1) palmitic acid (98·4 % 16 : 0; PA), (2) caprylic and capric acids (56·2 % 8 : 0, 43·8 % 10 : 0; medium-chain TAG (MCT)) and (3) stearic acid (99·0 % 18 : 0; SA). Relative to PA, SA decreased the efficiency of fat-corrected milk production, which was associated with a tendency for higher DM intake and lower FA absorption with SA, whereas MCT was not different from PA for these variables. Milk fat concentration and yield were increased by PA relative to SA, but only fat yield tended to be greater relative to MCT. Relative to PA, MCT increased milk fat concentration of FA < 16 C, whereas SA increased FA > 16 C. Expression of mammary stearoyl-coA desaturase 1 was lower with SA than with PA. Relative to PA, liver expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-1 and pyruvate kinase was increased with MCT, whereas expression of these genes tended to be increased by SA. The mechanism of increased fat secretion with PA does not seem to be related to a modulation of the expression of lipogenesis-related genes, but rather to increased substrate availability as reflected by milk FA profile.
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Lemarié F, Beauchamp E, Drouin G, Legrand P, Rioux V. Dietary caprylic acid and ghrelin O-acyltransferase activity to modulate octanoylated ghrelin functions: What is new in this nutritional field? Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 135:121-127. [PMID: 30103923 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Caprylic acid (octanoic acid, C8:0) belongs to the class of medium-chain saturated fatty acids (MCFAs). Dairy products and specific oils such as coconut oil are natural sources of dietary caprylic acid. MCFAs display distinct chemico-physical and metabolic properties from those of long-chain saturated fatty acids (LCFAs ≥ 12 carbons) and potential beneficial physiological effects of dietary C8:0 have been studied for many years. More recently, caprylic acid was shown to octanoylate ghrelin, the only known peptide hormone with an orexigenic effect. Through its covalent binding to the ghrelin peptide, caprylic acid exhibits an emerging and specific role in modulating physiological functions themselves regulated by octanoylated ghrelin. Dietary caprylic acid is therefore now suspected to provide the ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) enzyme with octanoyl-CoA co-substrates necessary for the acyl modification of ghrelin. Recent studies suggest that decreasing the circulating octanoylated ghrelin level through the inhibition of GOAT activity, or simply by modulating the availability of its C8:0 substrate, might constitute a therapeutic strategy against obesity. Both dietary caprylic acid availability and GOAT activity may indeed be important to modulate octanoylated ghrelin concentration and functions. This review highlights recent findings in the field of nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Lemarié
- Laboratoire de Biochimie-Nutrition Humaine, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics (CMMT), The University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Erwan Beauchamp
- Laboratoire de Biochimie-Nutrition Humaine, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
| | - Gaëtan Drouin
- Laboratoire de Biochimie-Nutrition Humaine, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
| | - Philippe Legrand
- Laboratoire de Biochimie-Nutrition Humaine, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Rioux
- Laboratoire de Biochimie-Nutrition Humaine, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France.
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Wu X, Sun H, Xue M, Wang D, Guan LL, Liu J. Serum metabolome profiling revealed potential biomarkers for milk protein yield in dairy cows. J Proteomics 2018; 184:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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12
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Fukumori R, Masuda Y, Takeuchi A, Yanai R, Atchalalt K, Sarentonglaga B, Ogata K, Yamaguchi M, Hara A, Sato A, Sugino T, Nagao Y. Duodenal infusion of fatty acids differentially affects plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 and ghrelin concentrations in sheep. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:1889-1893. [PMID: 29547963 PMCID: PMC6140842 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate how intraduodenal infusions of fatty acids (FA) affect appetite-related gut peptides such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and ghrelin in sheep. We hypothesized that these peptides can be highly reactive to unsaturated long-chain FA, because they are well known to decrease dry matter intake (DMI). Four ewes were fitted with a duodenal cannula and a jugular vein catheter for a 6-h duodenal infusion of the 9 FA (C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3) and water (control). The concentration of each FA was 1.6 g per metabolic body weight (BW), approximately corresponding to the amount of supplemented fat in a standard dairy cow diet. Each infusion was separated by at least 2 d. During the infusion period, blood samples were collected periodically to determine changes in plasma GLP-1, ghrelin, and metabolite concentrations. Duodenal infusions of C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3 led to higher plasma GLP-1 (P < 0.05) and lower glucose (P < 0.05) than control. Plasma ghrelin concentrations were greater in C18:1 and C18:3 infusions than control (P < 0.05). Plasma ketone bodies were higher in C8:0 and C10:0 infusions (P < 0.05), but plasma triglyceride concentrations were lower in C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, and C16:0 infusions (P < 0.05) than control. Fatty acid infusions except for C18:3 led to higher plasma NEFA concentrations than control (P < 0.05). These results confirmed that the hypophagic effect of dietary unsaturated long-chain FA is mediated by GLP-1 (an anorexigenic effect) secretion. However, we also observed higher plasma ghrelin (an orexigenic effect) partially by unsaturated long-chain FA. Thus, the gut peptide secretions when ruminant animals ingest FA supplements would complexly affect satiety and further studies are needed to determine their each impact on DMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Fukumori
- University Farm, Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Mohka, Japan
- Department of Animal Production Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Yoji Masuda
- University Farm, Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Mohka, Japan
- Department of Animal Production Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- Marubeni Nisshin Feed Co., LTD, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Takeuchi
- University Farm, Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Mohka, Japan
| | - Rina Yanai
- University Farm, Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Mohka, Japan
| | - Khurchabiling Atchalalt
- University Farm, Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Mohka, Japan
- Department of Animal Production Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | | | - Kazuko Ogata
- University Farm, Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Mohka, Japan
| | - Mio Yamaguchi
- University Farm, Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Mohka, Japan
- Department of Animal Production Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Asuka Hara
- University Farm, Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Mohka, Japan
- Department of Animal Production Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Akane Sato
- University Farm, Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Mohka, Japan
- Department of Animal Production Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Sugino
- The Research Center for Animal Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nagao
- University Farm, Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Mohka, Japan
- Department of Animal Production Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
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13
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Lipids in the Stomach – Implications for the Evaluation of Food Effects on Oral Drug Absorption. Pharm Res 2018; 35:55. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2289-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Matu J, Deighton K, Ispoglou T, Shannon OM, Duckworth L. A high fat breakfast attenuates the suppression of appetite and acylated ghrelin during exercise at simulated altitude. Physiol Behav 2017; 179:353-360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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15
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Kawai K, Nakashima M, Kojima M, Yamashita S, Takakura S, Shimizu M, Kubo C, Sudo N. Ghrelin activation and neuropeptide Y elevation in response to medium chain triglyceride administration in anorexia nervosa patients. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2017; 17:100-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Effect of preduodenal lipase inhibition in suckling rats on dietary octanoic acid (C8:0) gastric absorption and plasma octanoylated ghrelin concentration. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1111-1120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Huang A, Isobe N, Obitsu T, Yoshimura Y. Expression of lipases and lipid receptors in sperm storage tubules and possible role of fatty acids in sperm survival in the hen oviduct. Theriogenology 2016; 85:1334-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Lemarié F, Beauchamp E, Legrand P, Rioux V. Revisiting the metabolism and physiological functions of caprylic acid (C8:0) with special focus on ghrelin octanoylation. Biochimie 2015; 120:40-8. [PMID: 26253695 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Caprylic acid (octanoic acid, C8:0) belongs to the class of medium-chain saturated fatty acids (MCFAs). Dairy products and specific oils like coconut oil are natural sources of dietary C8:0 but higher intakes of this fatty acid can be provided with MCT (Medium-Chain Triglycerides) oil that consists in 75% of C8:0. MCFAs have physical and metabolic properties that are distinct from those of long-chain saturated fatty acids (LCFAs ≥ 12 carbons). Beneficial physiological effects of dietary C8:0 have been studied for a long time and MCT oil has been used as a special energy source for patients suffering from pancreatic insufficiency, impaired lymphatic chylomicron transport and fat malabsorption. More recently, caprylic acid was also shown to acylate ghrelin, the only known peptide hormone with an orexigenic effect. Through its covalent binding to the ghrelin peptide, caprylic acid exhibits an emerging and specific role in modulating physiological functions themselves regulated by octanoylated ghrelin. Dietary caprylic acid is therefore now suspected to provide the ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) enzyme with octanoyl-CoA co-substrates necessary for the acyl modification of ghrelin. This review tries to highlight the discrepancy between the formerly described beneficial effects of dietary MCFAs on body weight loss and the C8:0 newly reported effect on appetite stimulation via ghrelin octanoylation. The subsequent aim of this review is to demonstrate the relevance of carrying out further studies to better understand the physiological functions of this particular fatty acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Lemarié
- Laboratoire de Biochimie-Nutrition Humaine, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA USC 1378, Rennes, France
| | - Erwan Beauchamp
- Laboratoire de Biochimie-Nutrition Humaine, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA USC 1378, Rennes, France
| | - Philippe Legrand
- Laboratoire de Biochimie-Nutrition Humaine, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA USC 1378, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Rioux
- Laboratoire de Biochimie-Nutrition Humaine, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA USC 1378, Rennes, France.
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Dietary Caprylic Acid (C8:0) Does Not Increase Plasma Acylated Ghrelin but Decreases Plasma Unacylated Ghrelin in the Rat. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26196391 PMCID: PMC4509905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Focusing on the caprylic acid (C8:0), this study aimed at investigating the discrepancy between the formerly described beneficial effects of dietary medium chain fatty acids on body weight loss and the C8:0 newly reported effect on food intake via ghrelin octanoylation. During 6 weeks, Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed with three dietary C8:0 levels (0, 8 and 21% of fatty acids) in three experimental conditions (moderate fat, caloric restriction and high fat). A specific dose-response enrichment of the stomach tissue C8:0 was observed as a function of dietary C8:0, supporting the hypothesis of an early preduodenal hydrolysis of medium chain triglycerides and a direct absorption at the gastric level. However, the octanoylated ghrelin concentration in the plasma was unchanged in spite of the increased C8:0 availability. A reproducible decrease in the plasma concentration of unacylated ghrelin was observed, which was consistent with a decrease in the stomach preproghrelin mRNA and stomach ghrelin expression. The concomitant decrease of the plasma unacylated ghrelin and the stability of its acylated form resulted in a significant increase in the acylated/total ghrelin ratio which had no effect on body weight gain or total dietary consumption. This enhanced ratio measured in rats consuming C8:0 was however suspected to increase (i) growth hormone (GH) secretion as an increase in the GH-dependent mRNA expression of the insulin like growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) was measured (ii) adipocyte diameters in subcutaneous adipose tissue without an increase in the fat pad mass. Altogether, these results show that daily feeding with diets containing C8:0 increased the C8:0 level in the stomach more than all the other tissues, affecting the acylated/total ghrelin plasma ratio by decreasing the concentration of circulating unacylated ghrelin. However, these modifications were not associated with increased body weight or food consumption.
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Fukumori R, Sugino T, Shingu H, Moriya N, Kobayashi H, Yamaji K, El-Sabagh M, Hasegawa Y, Kojima M, Kangawa K, Obitsu T, Nagao Y, Taniguchi K, Kushibiki S. Effects of fat-enriched diet and methionine on insulin sensitivity in lactating cows1. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:2778-84. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-8868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Fukumori
- University Farm, Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Mohka 321-4415, Japan
- The Research Center for Animal Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba 305-0901, Japan
| | - T. Sugino
- The Research Center for Animal Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - H. Shingu
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba 305-0901, Japan
| | - N. Moriya
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba 305-0901, Japan
| | - H. Kobayashi
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba 305-0901, Japan
| | - K. Yamaji
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba 305-0901, Japan
| | - M. El-Sabagh
- The Research Center for Animal Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 33 516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Y. Hasegawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Kitasato University, Towada 034-8628, Japan
| | - M. Kojima
- Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Kurume 839-0864, Japan
| | - K. Kangawa
- National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita 565-8565, Japan
| | - T. Obitsu
- The Research Center for Animal Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Y. Nagao
- University Farm, Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Mohka 321-4415, Japan
| | - K. Taniguchi
- The Research Center for Animal Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - S. Kushibiki
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba 305-0901, Japan
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Iwakura H, Kangawa K, Nakao K. The regulation of circulating ghrelin - with recent updates from cell-based assays. Endocr J 2015; 62:107-22. [PMID: 25273611 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej14-0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin is a stomach-derived orexigenic hormone with a wide range of physiological functions. Elucidation of the regulation of the circulating ghrelin level would lead to a better understanding of appetite control in body energy homeostasis. Earlier studies revealed that circulating ghrelin levels are under the control of both acute and chronic energy status: at the acute scale, ghrelin levels are increased by fasting and decreased by feeding, whereas at the chronic scale, they are high in obese subjects and low in lean subjects. Subsequent studies revealed that nutrients, hormones, or neural activities can influence circulating ghrelin levels in vivo. Recently developed in vitro assay systems for ghrelin secretion can assess whether and how individual factors affect ghrelin secretion from cells. In this review, on the basis of numerous human, animal, and cell-based studies, we summarize current knowledge on the regulation of circulating ghrelin levels and enumerate the factors that influence ghrelin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Iwakura
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Sugino T, Tateno A, Ueno G, Kawashima K, Okimura T, Hirabayashi H, Suzuki A, Asakuma S, Kobayashi H, Isobe N, Obitsu T, Kushibiki S. Effects of calcium salts of medium-chain fatty acids on plasma metabolite and hormone concentrations in early lactating dairy cows. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/an14233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the effects of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) on milk production and plasma metabolite and hormone concentrations in early lactating dairy cows, 10 multiparous Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to two dietary treatment groups after parturition. One group was fed a diet supplemented with calcium salts of MCFA (MCFA-Ca) for 8 weeks after parturition, while the other group was fed the same diet without the supplement (control). MCFA-Ca, containing 60% caprylic acid and 40% capric acid, was added to a total mixed ration (TMR) at 1.5% of the dietary dry matter (DM). Cows were offered the TMR ad libitum. DM intake, daily gain in bodyweight, milk yield, milk fat content and milk protein content did not differ between the two treatment groups. The MCFA-Ca diet decreased plasma glucose and triglyceride concentrations (P < 0.05), while plasma concentrations of total and free cholesterols tended to increase (P < 0.10). Plasma ghrelin was maintained at a higher concentration (P < 0.05) in cows fed the MCFA-Ca diet than in the control group. Relative to the control diet, the MCFA-Ca diet decreased plasma insulin concentration (P < 0.05) and numerically increased plasma glucagon concentration, resulting in a lower insulin : glucagon ratio (P < 0.05). In conclusion, plasma metabolite and hormone concentrations were affected by the MCFA-Ca diet, suggesting that MCFA-Ca supplementation may change endocrine functions and nutrient metabolism in early lactating cows, ultimately resulting in an enhanced catabolic state.
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