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Kolahi Azar H, Gharibshahian M, Rostami M, Mansouri V, Sabouri L, Beheshtizadeh N, Rezaei N. The progressive trend of modeling and drug screening systems of breast cancer bone metastasis. J Biol Eng 2024; 18:14. [PMID: 38317174 PMCID: PMC10845631 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-024-00408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is considered as a considerable challenge for breast cancer patients. Various in vitro and in vivo models have been developed to examine this occurrence. In vitro models are employed to simulate the intricate tumor microenvironment, investigate the interplay between cells and their adjacent microenvironment, and evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions for tumors. The endeavor to replicate the latency period of bone metastasis in animal models has presented a challenge, primarily due to the necessity of primary tumor removal and the presence of multiple potential metastatic sites.The utilization of novel bone metastasis models, including three-dimensional (3D) models, has been proposed as a promising approach to overcome the constraints associated with conventional 2D and animal models. However, existing 3D models are limited by various factors, such as irregular cellular proliferation, autofluorescence, and changes in genetic and epigenetic expression. The imperative for the advancement of future applications of 3D models lies in their standardization and automation. The utilization of artificial intelligence exhibits the capability to predict cellular behavior through the examination of substrate materials' chemical composition, geometry, and mechanical performance. The implementation of these algorithms possesses the capability to predict the progression and proliferation of cancer. This paper reviewed the mechanisms of bone metastasis following primary breast cancer. Current models of breast cancer bone metastasis, along with their challenges, as well as the future perspectives of using these models for translational drug development, were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Kolahi Azar
- Department of Pathology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Gharibshahian
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Rostami
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Food Science and Nutrition Group (FSAN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Mansouri
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Sabouri
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Beheshtizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Gayathiri E, Prakash P, Kumaravel P, Jayaprakash J, Ragunathan MG, Sankar S, Pandiaraj S, Thirumalaivasan N, Thiruvengadam M, Govindasamy R. Computational approaches for modeling and structural design of biological systems: A comprehensive review. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 185:17-32. [PMID: 37821048 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The convergence of biology and computational science has ushered in a revolutionary era, revolutionizing our understanding of biological systems and providing novel solutions to global problems. The field of genetic engineering has facilitated the manipulation of genetic codes, thus providing opportunities for the advancement of innovative disease therapies and environmental enhancements. The emergence of bio-molecular simulation represents a significant advancement in this particular field, as it offers the ability to gain microscopic insights into molecular-level biological processes over extended periods. Biomolecular simulation plays a crucial role in advancing our comprehension of organismal mechanisms by establishing connections between molecular structures, interactions, and biological functions. The field of computational biology has demonstrated its significance in deciphering intricate biological enigmas through the utilization of mathematical models and algorithms. The process of decoding the human genome has resulted in the advancement of therapies for a wide range of genetic disorders, while the simulation of biological systems contributes to the identification of novel pharmaceutical compounds. The potential of biomolecular simulation and computational biology is vast and limitless. As the exploration of the underlying principles that govern living organisms progresses, the potential impact of this understanding on cancer treatment, environmental restoration, and other domains is anticipated to be transformative. This review examines the notable advancements achieved in the field of computational biology, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize the comprehension and enhancement of biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekambaram Gayathiri
- Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Guru Nanak College (Autonomous), Chennai, 42, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palanisamy Prakash
- Department of Botany, Periyar University, Periyar Palkalai Nagar, Salem, 636011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priya Kumaravel
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph College (Arts & Science), Kovur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayanthi Jayaprakash
- Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Guru Nanak College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sharmila Sankar
- Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Guru Nanak College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saravanan Pandiaraj
- Department of Self-Development Skills, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Natesan Thirumalaivasan
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College, and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMTAS), Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Rajakumar Govindasamy
- Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
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Deng S, Li C, Cao J, Cui Z, Du J, Fu Z, Yang H, Chen P. Organ-on-a-chip meets artificial intelligence in drug evaluation. Theranostics 2023; 13:4526-4558. [PMID: 37649608 PMCID: PMC10465229 DOI: 10.7150/thno.87266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug evaluation has always been an important area of research in the pharmaceutical industry. However, animal welfare protection and other shortcomings of traditional drug development models pose obstacles and challenges to drug evaluation. Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) technology, which simulates human organs on a chip of the physiological environment and functionality, and with high fidelity reproduction organ-level of physiology or pathophysiology, exhibits great promise for innovating the drug development pipeline. Meanwhile, the advancement in artificial intelligence (AI) provides more improvements for the design and data processing of OoCs. Here, we review the current progress that has been made to generate OoC platforms, and how human single and multi-OoCs have been used in applications, including drug testing, disease modeling, and personalized medicine. Moreover, we discuss issues facing the field, such as large data processing and reproducibility, and point to the integration of OoCs and AI in data analysis and automation, which is of great benefit in future drug evaluation. Finally, we look forward to the opportunities and challenges faced by the coupling of OoCs and AI. In summary, advancements in OoCs development, and future combinations with AI, will eventually break the current state of drug evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Caifeng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Robot Intelligent Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences & MEGAROBO, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Junxian Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhao Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Yunnan Biovalley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Kunming 650503, China
| | - Zheng Fu
- Robot Intelligent Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences & MEGAROBO, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Robot Intelligent Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences & MEGAROBO, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Yunnan Biovalley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Kunming 650503, China
- Robot Intelligent Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences & MEGAROBO, Beijing 100700, China
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Naveen NR, Girirajasekhar D, Goudanavar PS, Kumar CB, Narasimha GL. Prospection of Microfluidics for Local Drug Delivery. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:1239-1251. [PMID: 35379132 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220404154710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Significant endeavors can be made to develop effective drug delivery systems. Nowadays, many of these novel systems have gained attention as they focus primarily on increasing the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of several drugs to finally minimize the side effects, thus improving the treatment's efficacy. Microfluidics systems are unquestionably a superior technology, which is currently revolutionizing the current chemical and biological studies, providing diminutive chip-scale devices that offer precise dosage, target-precise delivery, and controlled release. Microfluidic systems have emerged as a promising delivery vehicle owing to their potential for defined handling and transporting of small liquid quantities. The latest microfabrication developments have been made for application to several biological systems. Here, we review the fundamentals of microfluidics and their application for local drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimbagal R Naveen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagar, Karnataka 571448, India
| | | | - Prakash S Goudanavar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagar, Karnataka 571448, India
| | - Chagaleti B Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Akshaya Institute of Pharmacy, Lingapura, Tumkur, Karnataka 572106, India
| | - Gunturu L Narasimha
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Annamacharya College of Pharmacy, New Boyanapalli, Rajampet, India
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De Stefano P, Bianchi E, Dubini G. The impact of microfluidics in high-throughput drug-screening applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:031501. [PMID: 35646223 PMCID: PMC9142169 DOI: 10.1063/5.0087294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Drug discovery is an expensive and lengthy process. Among the different phases, drug discovery and preclinical trials play an important role as only 5-10 of all drugs that begin preclinical tests proceed to clinical trials. Indeed, current high-throughput screening technologies are very expensive, as they are unable to dispense small liquid volumes in an accurate and quick way. Moreover, despite being simple and fast, drug screening assays are usually performed under static conditions, thus failing to recapitulate tissue-specific architecture and biomechanical cues present in vivo even in the case of 3D models. On the contrary, microfluidics might offer a more rapid and cost-effective alternative. Although considered incompatible with high-throughput systems for years, technological advancements have demonstrated how this gap is rapidly reducing. In this Review, we want to further outline the role of microfluidics in high-throughput drug screening applications by looking at the multiple strategies for cell seeding, compartmentalization, continuous flow, stimuli administration (e.g., drug gradients or shear stresses), and single-cell analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola De Stefano
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Bianchi
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriele Dubini
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Italy
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Maurya R, Gohil N, Bhattacharjee G, Alzahrani KJ, Ramakrishna S, Singh V. Microfluidics for single cell analysis. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 186:203-215. [PMID: 35033285 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cells have several internal molecules that are present in low amounts and any fluctuation in its number drives a change in cell behavior. These molecules present inside the cells are continuously fluctuating, thus producing noises in the intrinsic environment and thereby directly affecting the cellular behavior. Single-cell analysis using microfluidics is an important tool for monitoring cell behavior by analyzing internal molecules. Several gene circuits have been designed for this purpose that are labeled with fluorescence encoding genes for monitoring cell dynamics and behavior. We discuss herewith designed and fabricated microfluidics devices that are used for trapping and tracking cells under controlled environmental conditions. This chapter highlights microfluidics chip for monitoring cells to promote their basic understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh Maurya
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Nisarg Gohil
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Gargi Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Khalid J Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India.
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7
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Yang Y, Pang W, Zhang H, Cui W, Jin K, Sun C, Wang Y, Zhang L, Ren X, Duan X. Manipulation of single cells via a Stereo Acoustic Streaming Tunnel (SteAST). MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:88. [PMID: 35935274 PMCID: PMC9352906 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
At the single-cell level, cellular parameters, gene expression and cellular function are assayed on an individual but not population-average basis. Essential to observing and analyzing the heterogeneity and behavior of these cells/clusters is the ability to prepare and manipulate individuals. Here, we demonstrate a versatile microsystem, a stereo acoustic streaming tunnel, which is triggered by ultrahigh-frequency bulk acoustic waves and highly confined by a microchannel. We thoroughly analyze the generation and features of stereo acoustic streaming to develop a virtual tunnel for observation, pretreatment and analysis of cells for different single-cell applications. 3D reconstruction, dissociation of clusters, selective trapping/release, in situ analysis and pairing of single cells with barcode gel beads were demonstrated. To further verify the reliability and robustness of this technology in complex biosamples, the separation of circulating tumor cells from undiluted blood based on properties of both physics and immunity was achieved. With the rich selection of handling modes, the platform has the potential to be a full-process microsystem, from pretreatment to analysis, and used in numerous fields, such as in vitro diagnosis, high-throughput single-cell sequencing and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Wei Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Hongxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Weiwei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Ke Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Chongling Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
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Shinde AB, Patil RB. Multi-objective optimization of split and recombine micromixer using grey relational analysis method. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUALITY & RELIABILITY MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/ijqrm-06-2021-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The effective, efficient and optimal design of micromixer is the need in the field of biochemical and biomedical diagnostic systems.
Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, multi-objective optimization of split and recombine micromixer (SRM) with different geometrical configurations is carried out. The finite element method-based three-dimensional models are prepared and analyzed using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.0 Software. Taguchi’s design of experiment (DoE), main effect plot analysis, ANOVA and grey relational analysis (GRA) method are used to find out optimum condition. The five geometrical parameters with three levels, namely, angle between inlets, pillar size, pillar shape, aspect ratio and constriction height of SRM are considered as design variables. The mixing index (MXI) and pressure drop (∆P) are considered objective functions.
Findings
The MXI is significantly influenced by pillar shape and aspect ratio, whereas the pressure drop (∆P) by constriction height. Maximum MXI (0.97) with minimum pressure drop (64,587 Pa) is the optimal conditions and obtained at 180 deg angle between inlets, 50 µm of pillar size, 1.5 of aspect ratio, 100 µm of constriction height and ellipse shape pillar cross-section, respectively.
Research limitations/implications
This optimized SRM can be combined with lab-on-a-chip for biochemical and biomedical analysis.
Originality/value
This work is useful to obtain optimal geometry of SRM for getting efficient performance of micromixer.
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Pattanayak P, Singh SK, Gulati M, Vishwas S, Kapoor B, Chellappan DK, Anand K, Gupta G, Jha NK, Gupta PK, Prasher P, Dua K, Dureja H, Kumar D, Kumar V. Microfluidic chips: recent advances, critical strategies in design, applications and future perspectives. MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS 2021; 25:99. [PMID: 34720789 PMCID: PMC8547131 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-021-02502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic chip technology is an emerging tool in the field of biomedical application. Microfluidic chip includes a set of groves or microchannels that are engraved on different materials (glass, silicon, or polymers such as polydimethylsiloxane or PDMS, polymethylmethacrylate or PMMA). The microchannels forming the microfluidic chip are interconnected with each other for desired results. This organization of microchannels trapped into the microfluidic chip is associated with the outside by inputs and outputs penetrating through the chip, as an interface between the macro- and miniature world. With the help of a pump and a chip, microfluidic chip helps to determine the behavioral change of the microfluids. Inside the chip, there are microfluidic channels that permit the processing of the fluid, for example, blending and physicochemical responses. Microfluidic chip has numerous points of interest including lesser time and reagent utilization and alongside this, it can execute numerous activities simultaneously. The miniatured size of the chip fastens the reaction as the surface area increases. It is utilized in different biomedical applications such as food safety sensing, peptide analysis, tissue engineering, medical diagnosis, DNA purification, PCR activity, pregnancy, and glucose estimation. In the present study, the design of various microfluidic chips has been discussed along with their biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapti Pattanayak
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Bhupinder Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Krishnan Anand
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences and National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310 India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Plot no. 32-34, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310 India
| | - Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Dehradun, 248007 India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007 Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 12401 India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229 India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- School of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
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Wu J, Yadavali S, Lee D, Issadore DA. Scaling up the throughput of microfluidic droplet-based materials synthesis: A review of recent progress and outlook. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2021; 8:031304. [PMID: 34484549 PMCID: PMC8293697 DOI: 10.1063/5.0049897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The last two decades have witnessed tremendous progress in the development of microfluidic chips that generate micrometer- and nanometer-scale materials. These chips allow precise control over composition, structure, and particle uniformity not achievable using conventional methods. These microfluidic-generated materials have demonstrated enormous potential for applications in medicine, agriculture, food processing, acoustic, and optical meta-materials, and more. However, because the basis of these chips' performance is their precise control of fluid flows at the micrometer scale, their operation is limited to the inherently low throughputs dictated by the physics of multiphasic flows in micro-channels. This limitation on throughput results in material production rates that are too low for most practical applications. In recent years, however, significant progress has been made to tackle this challenge by designing microchip architectures that incorporate multiple microfluidic devices onto single chips. These devices can be operated in parallel to increase throughput while retaining the benefits of microfluidic particle generation. In this review, we will highlight recent work in this area and share our perspective on the key unsolved challenges and opportunities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Liu Y, Sun L, Zhang H, Shang L, Zhao Y. Microfluidics for Drug Development: From Synthesis to Evaluation. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7468-7529. [PMID: 34024093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Drug development is a long process whose main content includes drug synthesis, drug delivery, and drug evaluation. Compared with conventional drug development procedures, microfluidics has emerged as a revolutionary technology in that it offers a miniaturized and highly controllable environment for bio(chemical) reactions to take place. It is also compatible with analytical strategies to implement integrated and high-throughput screening and evaluations. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the entire microfluidics-based drug development system, from drug synthesis to drug evaluation. The challenges in the current status and the prospects for future development are also discussed. We believe that this review will promote communications throughout diversified scientific and engineering communities that will continue contributing to this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Lingyu Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Luoran Shang
- Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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12
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Singh H, Bharadvaja N. Treasuring the computational approach in medicinal plant research. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 164:19-32. [PMID: 34004233 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants serve as a valuable source of secondary metabolites since time immemorial. Computational Research in 21st century is giving more attention to medicinal plants for new drug design as pharmacological screening of bioactive compound was time consuming and expensive. Computational methods such as Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamic Simulation and Artificial intelligence are significant Insilico tools in medicinal plant research. Molecular docking approach exploits the mechanism of potential phytochemicals into the target active site to elucidate its interactions and biological therapeutic properties. MD simulation illuminates the dynamic behavior of biomolecules at atomic level with fine quality representation of biomolecules. Dramatical advancement in computer science is illustrating the biological mechanism via these tools in different diseases treatment. The advancement comprises speed, the system configuration, and other software upgradation to insights into the structural explanation and optimization of biomolecules. A probable shift from simulation to artificial intelligence has in fact accelerated the art of scientific study to a sky high. The most upgraded algorithm in artificial intelligence such as Artificial Neural Networks, Deep Neural Networks, Neuro-fuzzy Logic has provided a wide opportunity in easing the time required in classical experimental strategy. The notable progress in computer science technology has paved a pathway for understanding the pharmacological functions and creating a roadmap for drug design and development and other achievement in the field of medicinal plants research. This review focus on the development and overview in computational research moving from static molecular docking method to a range of dynamic simulation and an advanced artificial intelligence such as machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Singh
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Navneeta Bharadvaja
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India.
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13
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Parthiban P, Vijayan S, Doyle PS, Hashimoto M. Evaluation of 3D-printed molds for fabrication of non-planar microchannels. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:024111. [PMID: 33912266 PMCID: PMC8057840 DOI: 10.1063/5.0047497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Replica obtained from micromolds patterned by simple photolithography has features with uniform heights, and attainable microchannels are thus quasi-two-dimensional. Recent progress in three-dimensional (3D) printing has enabled facile desktop fabrication of molds to replicate microchannels with varying heights. We investigated the replica obtained from four common techniques of 3D printing-fused deposition modeling, selective laser sintering, photo-polymer inkjet printing (PJ), and stereolithography (SL)-for the suitability to form microchannels in terms of the surface roughness inherent to the mechanism of 3D printing. There have been limited quantitative studies that focused on the surface roughness of a 3D-printed mold with different methods of 3D printing. We discussed that the surface roughness of the molds affected (1) transparency of the replica and (2) delamination pressure of poly(dimethylsiloxane) replica bonded to flat glass substrates. Thereafter, we quantified the accuracy of replication from 3D-printed molds by comparing the dimensions of the replicated parts to the designed dimensions and tested the ability to fabricate closely spaced microchannels. This study suggested that molds printed by PJ and SL printers were suitable for replica molding to fabricate microchannels with varying heights. The insight from this study shall be useful to fabricate 3D microchannels with controlled 3D patterns of flows guided by the geometry of the microchannels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrick S. Doyle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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14
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Hall LS, Hwang D, Chen B, Van Belle B, Johnson ZT, Hondred JA, Gomes CL, Bartlett MD, Claussen JC. All-graphene-based open fluidics for pumpless, small-scale fluid transport via laser-controlled wettability patterning. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:24-32. [PMID: 33165477 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00376j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Open microfluidics have emerged as a low-cost, pumpless alternative strategy to conventional microfluidics for delivery of fluid for a wide variety of applications including rapid biochemical analysis and medical diagnosis. However, creating open microfluidics by tuning the wettability of surfaces typically requires sophisticated cleanroom processes that are unamenable to scalable manufacturing. Herein, we present a simple approach to develop open microfluidic platforms by manipulating the surface wettability of spin-coated graphene ink films on flexible polyethylene terephthalate via laser-controlled patterning. Wedge-shaped hydrophilic tracks surrounded by superhydrophobic walls are created within the graphene films by scribing micron-sized grooves into the graphene with a CO2 laser. This scribing process is used to make superhydrophobic walls (water contact angle ∼160°) that delineate hydrophilic tracks (created through an oxygen plasma pretreatment) on the graphene for fluid transport. These all-graphene open microfluidic tracks are capable of transporting liquid droplets with a velocity of 20 mm s-1 on a level surface and uphill at elevation angles of 7° as well as transporting fluid in bifurcating cross and tree branches. The all-graphene open microfluidic manufacturing technique is rapid and amenable to scalable manufacturing, and consequently offers an alternative pumpless strategy to conventional microfluidics and creates possibilities for diverse applications in fluid transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas S Hall
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, 528 Bissell Rd, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
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15
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Eyni H, Ghorbani S, Nazari H, Hajialyani M, Razavi Bazaz S, Mohaqiq M, Ebrahimi Warkiani M, Sutherland DS. Advanced bioengineering of male germ stem cells to preserve fertility. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211060590. [PMID: 34868541 PMCID: PMC8638075 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211060590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern life, several factors such as genetics, exposure to toxins, and aging have resulted in significant levels of male infertility, estimated to be approximately 18% worldwide. In response, substantial progress has been made to improve in vitro fertilization treatments (e.g. microsurgical testicular sperm extraction (m-TESE), intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and round spermatid injection (ROSI)). Mimicking the structure of testicular natural extracellular matrices (ECM) outside of the body is one clear route toward complete in vitro spermatogenesis and male fertility preservation. Here, a new wave of technological innovations is underway applying regenerative medicine strategies to cell-tissue culture on natural or synthetic scaffolds supplemented with bioactive factors. The emergence of advanced bioengineered systems suggests new hope for male fertility preservation through development of functional male germ cells. To date, few studies aimed at in vitro spermatogenesis have resulted in relevant numbers of mature gametes. However, a substantial body of knowledge on conditions that are required to maintain and mature male germ cells in vitro is now in place. This review focuses on advanced bioengineering methods such as microfluidic systems, bio-fabricated scaffolds, and 3D organ culture applied to the germline for fertility preservation through in vitro spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Eyni
- Department of Anatomical Sciences,
School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Ghorbani
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center
(iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hojjatollah Nazari
- Research Center for Advanced
Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Hajialyani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research
Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah,
Iran
| | - Sajad Razavi Bazaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering,
University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mahdi Mohaqiq
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine,
School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Duncan S Sutherland
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center
(iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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16
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Nikolakopoulou P, Rauti R, Voulgaris D, Shlomy I, Maoz BM, Herland A. Recent progress in translational engineered in vitro models of the central nervous system. Brain 2020; 143:3181-3213. [PMID: 33020798 PMCID: PMC7719033 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the human brain poses a substantial challenge for the development of models of the CNS. Current animal models lack many essential human characteristics (in addition to raising operational challenges and ethical concerns), and conventional in vitro models, in turn, are limited in their capacity to provide information regarding many functional and systemic responses. Indeed, these challenges may underlie the notoriously low success rates of CNS drug development efforts. During the past 5 years, there has been a leap in the complexity and functionality of in vitro systems of the CNS, which have the potential to overcome many of the limitations of traditional model systems. The availability of human-derived induced pluripotent stem cell technology has further increased the translational potential of these systems. Yet, the adoption of state-of-the-art in vitro platforms within the CNS research community is limited. This may be attributable to the high costs or the immaturity of the systems. Nevertheless, the costs of fabrication have decreased, and there are tremendous ongoing efforts to improve the quality of cell differentiation. Herein, we aim to raise awareness of the capabilities and accessibility of advanced in vitro CNS technologies. We provide an overview of some of the main recent developments (since 2015) in in vitro CNS models. In particular, we focus on engineered in vitro models based on cell culture systems combined with microfluidic platforms (e.g. 'organ-on-a-chip' systems). We delve into the fundamental principles underlying these systems and review several applications of these platforms for the study of the CNS in health and disease. Our discussion further addresses the challenges that hinder the implementation of advanced in vitro platforms in personalized medicine or in large-scale industrial settings, and outlines the existing differentiation protocols and industrial cell sources. We conclude by providing practical guidelines for laboratories that are considering adopting organ-on-a-chip technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni Nikolakopoulou
- AIMES, Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rossana Rauti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dimitrios Voulgaris
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iftach Shlomy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ben M Maoz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Herland
- AIMES, Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Ling SD, Geng Y, Chen A, Du Y, Xu J. Enhanced single-cell encapsulation in microfluidic devices: From droplet generation to single-cell analysis. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:061508. [PMID: 33381250 PMCID: PMC7758092 DOI: 10.1063/5.0018785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell analysis to investigate cellular heterogeneity and cell-to-cell interactions is a crucial compartment to answer key questions in important biological mechanisms. Droplet-based microfluidics appears to be the ideal platform for such a purpose because the compartmentalization of single cells into microdroplets offers unique advantages of enhancing assay sensitivity, protecting cells against external stresses, allowing versatile and precise manipulations over tested samples, and providing a stable microenvironment for long-term cell proliferation and observation. The present Review aims to give a preliminary guidance for researchers from different backgrounds to explore the field of single-cell encapsulation and analysis. A comprehensive and introductory overview of the droplet formation mechanism, fabrication methods of microchips, and a myriad of passive and active encapsulation techniques to enhance single-cell encapsulation efficiency were presented. Meanwhile, common methods for single-cell analysis, especially for long-term cell proliferation, differentiation, and observation inside microcapsules, are briefly introduced. Finally, the major challenges faced in the field are illustrated, and potential prospects for future work are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Da Ling
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuhao Geng
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - An Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianhong Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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18
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Zhang S, Zhang R, Wang Y, Onck PR, den Toonder JMJ. Controlled Multidirectional Particle Transportation by Magnetic Artificial Cilia. ACS NANO 2020; 14:10313-10323. [PMID: 32806065 PMCID: PMC7450663 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of particles in a controllable manner is highly desirable in many applications. Inspired by biological cilia, this article experimentally and numerically demonstrates a versatile particle transportation platform consisting of arrays of magnetic artificial cilia (MAC) actuated by a rotating magnet. By performing a tilted conical motion, the MAC are capable of transporting particles on their tips, along designated directions that can be fully controlled by the externally applied magnetic field, in both liquid and air, at high resolution (particle precision), with varying speeds and for a range of particle sizes. Moreover, the underlying mechanism of the controlled particle transportation is studied in depth by combining experiments with numerical simulations. The results show that the adhesion and friction between the particle and the cilia are essential ingredients of the mechanism underlying the multidirectional transportation. This work offers an advanced solution to controllably transport particles along designated paths in any direction over a surface, which has potential applications in diverse fields including lab-on-a-chip devices, in vitro biomedical sciences, and self-cleaning and antifouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaizhong Zhang
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rongjing Zhang
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick R. Onck
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap M. J. den Toonder
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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19
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Khizar S, Ben Halima H, Ahmad NM, Zine N, Errachid A, Elaissari A. Magnetic nanoparticles in microfluidic and sensing: From transport to detection. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1206-1224. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Khizar
- Université de Lyon LAGEP, UMR‐5007, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, 5007 43 Bd 11 Novembre 1918 Villeurbanne F‐69622 France
- Polymer Research Lab School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME) National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) H‐12 Sector Islamabad 44000 Pakistan
| | - Hamdi Ben Halima
- Université de Lyon Institut des Science Analytiques UMR 5280, CNRS Université Lyon 1 ENS Lyon-5, rue de la Doua Villeurbanne F‐69100 France
| | - Nasir M. Ahmad
- Polymer Research Lab School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME) National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) H‐12 Sector Islamabad 44000 Pakistan
| | - Nadia Zine
- Université de Lyon Institut des Science Analytiques UMR 5280, CNRS Université Lyon 1 ENS Lyon-5, rue de la Doua Villeurbanne F‐69100 France
| | - Abdelhamid Errachid
- Université de Lyon Institut des Science Analytiques UMR 5280, CNRS Université Lyon 1 ENS Lyon-5, rue de la Doua Villeurbanne F‐69100 France
| | - Abdelhamid Elaissari
- Université de Lyon LAGEP, UMR‐5007, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, 5007 43 Bd 11 Novembre 1918 Villeurbanne F‐69622 France
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20
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Hacohen A, Jessel HR, Richter-Levin A, Shefi O. Patterning of Particles and Live Cells at Single Cell Resolution. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E505. [PMID: 32429308 PMCID: PMC7281171 DOI: 10.3390/mi11050505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate and selectively position cells into patterns or distinct microenvironments is an important component of many single cell experimental methods and biological engineering applications. Although a variety of particles and cell patterning methods have been demonstrated, most of them deal with the patterning of cell populations, and are either not suitable or difficult to implement for the patterning of single cells. Here, we describe a bottom-up strategy for the micropatterning of cells and cell-sized particles. We have configured a micromanipulator system, in which a pneumatic microinjector is coupled to a holding pipette capable of physically isolating single particles and cells from different types, and positioning them with high accuracy in a predefined position, with a resolution smaller than 10 µm. Complementary DNA sequences were used to stabilize and hold the patterns together. The system is accurate, flexible, and easy-to-use, and can be automated for larger-scale tasks. Importantly, it maintains the viability of live cells. We provide quantitative measurements of the process and offer a file format for such assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adar Hacohen
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel;
| | - Hadass R. Jessel
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel;
| | - Alon Richter-Levin
- The Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (A.R.-L.); (O.S.)
- Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Orit Shefi
- The Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (A.R.-L.); (O.S.)
- Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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21
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Wang Y, Chen Z, Bian F, Shang L, Zhu K, Zhao Y. Advances of droplet-based microfluidics in drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:969-979. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1758663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuetong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuoyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feika Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luoran Shang
- Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaixuan Zhu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Suzhou Institute of Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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22
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Antonacci A, Scognamiglio V, Mazzaracchio V, Caratelli V, Fiore L, Moscone D, Arduini F. Paper-Based Electrochemical Devices for the Pharmaceutical Field: State of the Art and Perspectives. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:339. [PMID: 32391344 PMCID: PMC7190989 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The current international pharmaceutical scenario encompasses several steps in drug production, with complex and extremely long procedures. In the last few decades, scientific research has been trying to offer valid and reliable solutions to replace or support conventional techniques, in order to facilitate drug development procedures. These innovative approaches may have extremely positive effects in the production chain, supplying fast, and cost-effective quality as well as safety tests on active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and their excipients. In this context, the exploitation of electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs) is still in its infancy, but is particularly promising in the detection of APIs and excipients in tablets, capsules, suppositories, and injections, as well as for pharmacokinetic bioanalysis in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Antonacci
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Materials Technologies, Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Scognamiglio
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Materials Technologies, Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mazzaracchio
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Caratelli
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Fiore
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Danila Moscone
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Arduini
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.,SENSE4MED, Rome, Italy
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23
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Narayanamurthy V, Jeroish ZE, Bhuvaneshwari KS, Bayat P, Premkumar R, Samsuri F, Yusoff MM. Advances in passively driven microfluidics and lab-on-chip devices: a comprehensive literature review and patent analysis. RSC Adv 2020; 10:11652-11680. [PMID: 35496619 PMCID: PMC9050787 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00263a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of passively driven microfluidic labs on chips has been increasing over the years. In the passive approach, the microfluids are usually driven and operated without any external actuators, fields, or power sources. Passive microfluidic techniques adopt osmosis, capillary action, surface tension, pressure, gravity-driven flow, hydrostatic flow, and vacuums to achieve fluid flow. There is a great need to explore labs on chips that are rapid, compact, portable, and easy to use. The evolution of these techniques is essential to meet current needs. Researchers have highlighted the vast potential in the field that needs to be explored to develop rapid passive labs on chips to suit market/researcher demands. A comprehensive review, along with patent analysis, is presented here, listing the latest advances in passive microfluidic techniques, along with the related mechanisms and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vigneswaran Narayanamurthy
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering Technology, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Hang Tuah Jaya 76100 Durian Tunggal Melaka Malaysia
- InnoFuTech No: 42/12, 7th Street, Vallalar Nagar Chennai Tamil Nadu 600072 India
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow, University Malaysia Pahang Kuantan 26300 Malaysia
| | - Z E Jeroish
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rajalakshmi Engineering College Chennai 602105 India
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University Malaysia Pahang Pekan 26600 Malaysia
| | - K S Bhuvaneshwari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rajalakshmi Engineering College Chennai 602105 India
- Faculty of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Hang Tuah Jaya 76100 Durian Tunggal Melaka Malaysia
| | - Pouriya Bayat
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University Montreal QC Canada H3A 0E9
| | - R Premkumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rajalakshmi Engineering College Chennai 602105 India
| | - Fahmi Samsuri
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University Malaysia Pahang Pekan 26600 Malaysia
| | - Mashitah M Yusoff
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, University Malaysia Pahang Kuantan 26300 Malaysia
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24
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Dincau B, Dressaire E, Sauret A. Pulsatile Flow in Microfluidic Systems. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1904032. [PMID: 31657131 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the current knowledge and applications of pulsatile flow in microfluidic systems. Elements of fluid dynamics at low Reynolds number are first described in the context of pulsatile flow. Then the practical applications in microfluidic processes are presented: the methods to generate a pulsatile flow, the generation of emulsion droplets through harmonic flow rate perturbation, the applications in mixing and particle separation, and the benefits of pulsatile flow for clog mitigation. The second part of the review is devoted to pulsatile flow in biological applications. Pulsatile flows can be used for mimicking physiological systems, to alter or enhance cell cultures, and for bioassay automation. Pulsatile flows offer unique advantages over a steady flow, especially in microfluidic systems, but also require some new physical insights and more rigorous investigation to fully benefit future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Dincau
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Emilie Dressaire
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Alban Sauret
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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25
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Giménez-Gómez P, Rodríguez-Rodríguez R, Ríos JM, Pérez-Montero M, González E, Gutiérrez-Capitán M, Plaza JA, Muñoz-Berbel X, Jiménez-Jorquera C. A self-calibrating and multiplexed electrochemical lab-on-a-chip for cell culture analysis and high-resolution imaging. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:823-833. [PMID: 31971535 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01051c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In vitro analysis requires cell proliferation in conditions close to physiological ones. Lab-on-a-chip (LoC) devices simplify, miniaturize and automate traditional protocols, with the advantages of being less expensive and faster due to their shorter diffusion distances. The main limitation of current LoCs is still the control of the culture conditions. Most LoCs employ off-chip equipment to determine cell culture activity, which confers limited monitoring capacity. The few systems integrating transducers on-chip present important functional problems mostly associated with the attachment of biomolecules to the transducer surface (i.e., biofouling) and the impossibility of re-calibrating the sensors during cell culturing. This limitation is addressed in the present LoC containing a network of micro-channels and micro-chambers, which allows (i) cell seeding and cultivation, avoiding biofouling risk, (ii) multiplexed analysis of cell culture, reactivation and recalibration of the (bio)sensors without compromising cell viability, (iii) cell imaging and (iv) reference electrode compartmentalization to guarantee stability. The activity of the culture is monitored with four independent electrochemical micro-electrodes for glucose, hydrogen peroxide, conductivity and oxidation reduction potential. Electrochemical analysis is complemented with high-resolution confocal microscopy analysis. This paper demonstrates the suitability of the current configuration for cell culture monitoring and future applications in drug screening or organ-on-a-chip development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Giménez-Gómez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rosalía Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, E-08195 Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Ríos
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marta Pérez-Montero
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, E-08195 Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estrella González
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Manuel Gutiérrez-Capitán
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jose Antonio Plaza
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xavier Muñoz-Berbel
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cecilia Jiménez-Jorquera
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Micro and nanoscale technologies in oral drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 157:37-62. [PMID: 32707147 PMCID: PMC7374157 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration is a pillar of the pharmaceutical industry and yet it remains challenging to administer hydrophilic therapeutics by the oral route. Smart and controlled oral drug delivery could bypass the physiological barriers that limit the oral delivery of these therapeutics. Micro- and nanoscale technologies, with an unprecedented ability to create, control, and measure micro- or nanoenvironments, have found tremendous applications in biology and medicine. In particular, significant advances have been made in using these technologies for oral drug delivery. In this review, we briefly describe biological barriers to oral drug delivery and micro and nanoscale fabrication technologies. Micro and nanoscale drug carriers fabricated using these technologies, including bioadhesives, microparticles, micropatches, and nanoparticles, are described. Other applications of micro and nanoscale technologies are discussed, including fabrication of devices and tissue engineering models to precisely control or assess oral drug delivery in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Strategies to advance translation of micro and nanotechnologies into clinical trials for oral drug delivery are mentioned. Finally, challenges and future prospects on further integration of micro and nanoscale technologies with oral drug delivery systems are highlighted.
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Carvalho MR, Truckenmuller R, Reis RL, Oliveira JM. Biomaterials and Microfluidics for Drug Discovery and Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1230:121-135. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36588-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Padmanabhan S, Han JY, Nanayankkara I, Tran K, Ho P, Mesfin N, White I, DeVoe DL. Enhanced sample filling and discretization in thermoplastic 2D microwell arrays using asymmetric contact angles. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:014113. [PMID: 32095199 PMCID: PMC7028432 DOI: 10.1063/1.5126938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Sample filling and discretization within thermoplastic 2D microwell arrays is investigated toward the development of low cost disposable microfluidics for passive sample discretization. By using a high level of contact angle asymmetry between the filling channel and microwell surfaces, a significant increase in the range of well geometries that can be successfully filled is revealed. The performance of various array designs is characterized numerically and experimentally to assess the impact of contact angle asymmetry and device geometry on sample filling and discretization, resulting in guidelines to ensure robust microwell filling and sample isolation over a wide range of well dimensions. Using the developed design rules, reliable and bubble-free sample filling and discretization is achieved in designs with critical dimensions ranging from 20 μm to 800 μm. The resulting devices are demonstrated for discretized nucleic acid amplification by performing loop-mediated isothermal amplification for the detection of the mecA gene associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Padmanabhan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J. Y. Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - I. Nanayankkara
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - K. Tran
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - P. Ho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - N. Mesfin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - I. White
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D. L. DeVoe
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: +1-301-405-8125
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Zhou M, Wu Z, Zhao Y, Yang Q, Ling W, Li Y, Xu H, Wang C, Huang X. Droplets as Carriers for Flexible Electronic Devices. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1901862. [PMID: 31871863 PMCID: PMC6918117 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Coupling soft bodies and dynamic motions with multifunctional flexible electronics is challenging, but is essential in satisfying the urgent and soaring demands of fully soft and comprehensive robotic systems that can perform tasks in spite of rigorous spatial constraints. Here, the mobility and adaptability of liquid droplets with the functionality of flexible electronics, and techniques to use droplets as carriers for flexible devices are combined. The resulting active droplets (ADs) with volumes ranging from 150 to 600 µL can conduct programmable functions, such as sensing, actuation, and energy harvesting defined by the carried flexible devices and move under the excitation of gravitational force or magnetic force. They work in both dry and wet environments, and adapt to the surrounding environment through reversible shape shifting. These ADs can achieve controllable motions at a maximum velocity of 226 cm min-1 on a dry surface and 32 cm min-1 in a liquid environment. The conceptual system may eventually lead to individually addressable ADs that offer sophisticated functions for high-throughput molecule analysis, drug assessment, chemical synthesis, and information collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Zhou
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTianjin University92 Weijin RoadTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Ziyue Wu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTianjin University92 Weijin RoadTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Yicong Zhao
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTianjin University92 Weijin RoadTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTianjin University92 Weijin RoadTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Wei Ling
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTianjin University92 Weijin RoadTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTianjin University92 Weijin RoadTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTianjin University92 Weijin RoadTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMissouri University of Science and Technology400 West 13th StreetRollaMO65401USA
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTianjin University92 Weijin RoadTianjin300072P. R. China
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Kunti G, Agarwal T, Bhattacharya A, Maiti TK, Chakraborty S. On-Chip Concentration and Patterning of Biological Cells Using Interplay of Electrical and Thermal Fields. Anal Chem 2019; 92:838-844. [PMID: 31769657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Golak Kunti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal - 721302, India
| | - Tarun Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal - 721302, India
| | - Anandaroop Bhattacharya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal - 721302, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal - 721302, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal - 721302, India
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Tung KW, Chung PS, Wu C, Man T, Tiwari S, Wu B, Chou YF, Yang FL, Chiou PY. Deep, sub-wavelength acoustic patterning of complex and non-periodic shapes on soft membranes supported by air cavities. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3714-3725. [PMID: 31584051 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00612e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arbitrary patterning of micro-objects in liquid is crucial to many biomedical applications. Among conventional methodologies, acoustic approaches provide superior biocompatibility but are intrinsically limited to producing periodic patterns at low resolution due to the nature of standing waves and the coupling between fluid and structure vibrations. This work demonstrates a near-field acoustic platform capable of synthesizing high resolution, complex and non-periodic energy potential wells. A thin and viscoelastic membrane is utilized to modulate the acoustic wavefront on a deep, sub-wavelength scale by suppressing the structural vibration selectively on the platform. Using 3 MHz excitation (λ∼ 500 μm in water), we have experimentally validated such a concept by realizing patterning of microparticles and cells with a line resolution of 50 μm (one tenth of the wavelength). Furthermore, massively parallel patterning across a 3 × 3 mm2 area has been achieved. This new acoustic wavefront modulation mechanism is powerful for manufacturing complex biologic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Wen Tung
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Pei-Shan Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Cong Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Tianxing Man
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Sidhant Tiwari
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ben Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, 714 Tiverton Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yuan-Fang Chou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Rd, Da'an District, Taipei City, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Ling Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Rd, Da'an District, Taipei City, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Chiou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. and Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Cliffe FE, Lyons M, Murphy DC, McInerney L, Hurley N, Galvin MA, Mulqueen J, Bible LB, Marella C, Kelleher M, O'Sullivan A, Fearnhead HO, O'Connell E, Davies M. Droplet Combinations: A Scalable Microfluidic Platform for Biochemical Assays. SLAS Technol 2019; 25:140-150. [PMID: 31665958 DOI: 10.1177/2472630319883830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Droplet-based microfluidics holds enormous potential for transforming high-throughput drug screening. Miniaturization through droplets in combination with automation contributes to reduce reagent use and analysis time as well as minimizing or eliminating labor-intensive steps leading to associated reductions in cost. In this paper, we demonstrate the potential of automated and cost-effective microfluidic droplet-generating technology in the context of an enzymatic activity assay for screening collagenase inhibitors. Experimental results show reproducible and accurate creation and mixing of droplet combinations resulting in biochemical data comparable to data produced by an industry standard instrument. This microfluidic platform that can generate and combine multiple droplets represents a promising tool for high-throughput drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Lyons
- Hooke Bio Ltd, Shannon, Co. Clare, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Michael A Galvin
- Hooke Bio Ltd, Shannon, Co. Clare, Ireland.,University of Limerick, Bernal Institute, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jane Mulqueen
- Hooke Bio Ltd, Shannon, Co. Clare, Ireland.,University of Limerick, Bernal Institute, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Lorraine B Bible
- Hooke Bio Ltd, Shannon, Co. Clare, Ireland.,University of Limerick, Bernal Institute, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Howard O Fearnhead
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Biomedical Sciences, Dangan, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Enda O'Connell
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Biomedical Sciences, Dangan, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mark Davies
- University of Limerick, Bernal Institute, Limerick, Ireland
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Momtahen S, Taajobian M, Jahanian A. Drug Discovery Applications: A Customized Digital Microfluidic Biochip Architecture/CAD Flow. IEEE NANOTECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1109/mnano.2019.2927773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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35
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Zhang Y, Zhou D, Chen J, Zhang X, Li X, Zhao W, Xu T. Biomaterials Based on Marine Resources for 3D Bioprinting Applications. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E555. [PMID: 31569366 PMCID: PMC6835706 DOI: 10.3390/md17100555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has become a flexible tool in regenerative medicine with potential for various applications. Further development of the new 3D bioprinting field lies in suitable bioink materials with satisfied printability, mechanical integrity, and biocompatibility. Natural polymers from marine resources have been attracting increasing attention in recent years, as they are biologically active and abundant when comparing to polymers from other resources. This review focuses on research and applications of marine biomaterials for 3D bioprinting. Special attention is paid to the mechanisms, material requirements, and applications of commonly used 3D bioprinting technologies based on marine-derived resources. Commonly used marine materials for 3D bioprinting including alginate, carrageenan, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, collagen, and gelatin are also discussed, especially in regards to their advantages and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Dezhi Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomanufacturing Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jianwei Chen
- Department of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Xiuxiu Zhang
- Department of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Xinda Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomanufacturing Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Wenxiang Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomanufacturing Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomanufacturing Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Torabinia M, Asgari P, Dakarapu US, Jeon J, Moon H. On-chip organic synthesis enabled using an engine-and-cargo system in an electrowetting-on-dielectric digital microfluidic device. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3054-3064. [PMID: 31373597 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00428a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a microfluidic chemical reaction using an electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) digital microfluidic device. Despite a number of chemical/biological applications using EWOD digital microfluidic devices, their applications to organic reactions have been seriously limited because most of the common solvents used in synthetic organic chemistry are not compatible with EWOD devices. To address this unsolved issue, we first introduce a novel technique using an "engine-and-cargo" system that enables the use of non-movable fluids (e.g., organic solvents) on an EWOD device. With esterification as the model reaction, on-chip chemical reactions were successfully demonstrated. Conversion data obtained from on-chip reactions were used to characterize and optimize the reaction with regard to reaction kinetics, solvent screening, and catalyst loading. As the first step toward on-chip combinatorial synthesis, parallel esterification of three different alcohols was demonstrated. Results from this study clearly show that an EWOD digital microfluidic platform is a promising candidate for microscale chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Torabinia
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, USA.
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37
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Ai Y, Zhang F, Wang C, Xie R, Liang Q. Recent progress in lab-on-a-chip for pharmaceutical analysis and pharmacological/toxicological test. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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38
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Kihara T, Obata H, Hirano H. Quantitative visualization of fluid mixing in slug flow for arbitrary wall-shaped microchannel using Shannon entropy. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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39
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Mansoorifar A, Koklu A, Beskok A. Quantification of Cell Death Using an Impedance-Based Microfluidic Device. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4140-4148. [PMID: 30793881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric spectroscopy is a nondestructive method to characterize dielectric properties by measuring impedance data over a frequency spectrum. This method has been widely used for various applications such as counting, sizing, and monitoring biological cells and particles. Recently, utilization of this method has been suggested in various stages of the drug discovery process due to low sample consumption and fast analysis time. In this study, we used a previously developed microfluidic system to confine single PC-3 cells in microwells using dielectrophoretic forces and perform the impedance measurements. PC-3 cells are treated with 100 μM Enzalutamide drug, and their impedance response is recorded until the cells are totally dead as predicted with viability tests. Four different approaches are used to analyze the impedance spectrum. Equivalent circuit modeling is used to extract the cell electrical properties as a function of time. Principal component analysis (PCA) is used to quantify cellular response to drug as a function of time. Single frequency measurements are conducted to observe how the cells respond over time. Finally, opacity ratio is defined as an additional quantification method. This device is capable of quantitatively measuring drug effects on biological cells and detecting cell death. The results show that the proposed microfluidic system has the potential to be used in early stages of the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mansoorifar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Southern Methodist University , Dallas , Texas 75205 , United States
| | - Anil Koklu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Southern Methodist University , Dallas , Texas 75205 , United States
| | - Ali Beskok
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Southern Methodist University , Dallas , Texas 75205 , United States
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40
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A three‐dimensional microfluidized liver system to assess hepatic drug metabolism and hepatotoxicity. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:1152-1163. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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41
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Theoretical modeling of transient reaction–diffusion dynamics in electrokinetic Y-shaped microreactors. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Over the past six decades the inflation-adjusted cost to bring a new drug to market has been increasing constantly and doubles every 9 years - now reaching in excess of $2.5 billion. Overall, the likelihood of FDA approval for a drug (any disease indication) that has entered phase I clinical trials is a mere 9.6%, with the approval rate for oncology far below average at only 5.1%. Lack of efficacy or toxicity is often not revealed until the later stages of clinical trials, despite promising preclinical data. This indicates that the current in vitro systems for drug screening need to be improved for better predictability of in vivo outcomes. Microphysiological systems (MPS), or bioengineered 3D microfluidic tissue and organ constructs that mimic physiological and pathological processes in vitro, can be leveraged across preclinical research and clinical trial stages to transform drug development and clinical management for a range of diseases. Here we review the current state-of-the-art in 3D tissue-engineering models developed for cancer research, with a focus on tumor-on-a-chip, or tumor chip, models. From our viewpoint, tumor chip systems can advance innovative medicine to ameliorate the high failure rates in anti-cancer drug development and clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Hachey
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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Vilas-Boas V, Cooreman A, Gijbels E, Van Campenhout R, Gustafson E, Ballet S, Annaert P, Cogliati B, Vinken M. Primary hepatocytes and their cultures for the testing of drug-induced liver injury. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2018; 85:1-30. [PMID: 31307583 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury is a major reason for discontinuation of drug development and withdrawal of drugs from the market. Intensive efforts in the last decades have focused on the establishment and finetuning of liver-based in vitro models for reliable prediction of hepatotoxicity triggered by drug candidates. Of those, primary hepatocytes and their cultures still are considered the gold standard, as they provide an acceptable reflection of the hepatic in vivo situation. Nevertheless, these in vitro systems cope with gradual deterioration of the differentiated morphological and functional phenotype. The present paper gives an overview of traditional and more recently introduced strategies to counteract this dedifferentiation process in an attempt to set up culture models that can be used for long-term testing purposes. The relevance and applicability of such optimized cultures of primary hepatocytes for the testing of drug-induced cholestatic liver injury is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Vilas-Boas
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Axelle Cooreman
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eva Gijbels
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Raf Van Campenhout
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emma Gustafson
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pieter Annaert
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Nys G, Fillet M. Microfluidics contribution to pharmaceutical sciences: From drug discovery to post marketing product management. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 159:348-362. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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45
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Devarasetty M, Mazzocchi AR, Skardal A. Applications of Bioengineered 3D Tissue and Tumor Organoids in Drug Development and Precision Medicine: Current and Future. BioDrugs 2018; 32:53-68. [PMID: 29383499 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-017-0258-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, advances in biomedical and tissue engineering technologies, such as cell culture techniques, biomaterials, and biofabrication, have driven increasingly widespread use of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture platforms and, subsequently, the use of organoids in a variety of research endeavors. Given the 3D nature of these organoid systems, and the frequent inclusion of extracellular matrix components, these constructs typically have more physiologically accurate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions than traditional 2D cell cultures. As a result, 3D organoids can serve as better model systems than their 2D counterparts. Moreover, as organoids can be biofabricated from highly functional human cells, they have certain advantages over animal models, being human in nature and more easily manipulated in the laboratory. In this review, we describe such organoid technologies and their deployment in drug development and precision medicine efforts. Organoid technologies are rapidly being developed for these applications and now represent a wide variety of tissue types and diseases. Evidence is emerging that organoids are poised for widespread adoption, not only in academia but also in the pharmaceutical industry and in clinical diagnostic applications, positioning them as indispensable tools in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Devarasetty
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Andrea R Mazzocchi
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.,Virginia Tech - Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Aleksander Skardal
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA. .,Virginia Tech - Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center at Wake Forest Baptist Medical, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. .,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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46
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Jeong SG, Jeong JH, Kang KK, Jin SH, Lee B, Choi CH, Lee CS. Nanoliter scale microloop reactor with rapid mixing ability for biochemical reaction. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-018-0110-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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47
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Fernandes AC, Gernaey KV, Krühne U. “Connecting worlds – a view on microfluidics for a wider application”. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1341-1366. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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48
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Mazzocchi A, Votanopoulos K, Skardal A. Personalizing Cancer Treatments Empirically in the Laboratory: Patient-Specific Tumor Organoids for Optimizing Precision Medicine. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-018-0122-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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49
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Alexander F, Eggert S, Wiest J. A novel lab-on-a-chip platform for spheroid metabolism monitoring. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:375-386. [PMID: 29032507 PMCID: PMC5809666 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensor-based cellular microphysiometry is a technique that allows non-invasive, label-free, real-time monitoring of living cells that can greatly improve the predictability of toxicology testing by removing the influence of biochemical labels. In this work, the Intelligent Mobile Lab for In Vitro Diagnostics (IMOLA-IVD) was utilized to perform cellular microphysiometry on 3D multicellular spheroids. Using a commercial 3D printer, 3 × 3 microwell arrays were fabricated to maintain nine previously cultured HepG2 spheroids on a single BioChip. Integrated layers above and under the spheroids allowed fluidic contact between spheroids in microwells and BioChip sensors while preventing wash out from medium perfusion. Spheroid culturing protocols were optimized to grow spheroids to a diameter of around 620 μm prior to transfer onto BioChips. An ON/OFF pump cycling protocol was developed to optimize spheroid culture within the designed microwells, intermittently perfuse spheroids with fresh culture medium, and measure the extracellular acidification rate (EAR) and oxygen uptake rate (OUR) with the BioChips of the IMOLA-IVD platform. In a proof-of-concept experiment, spheroids were perfused for 36 h with cell culture medium before being exposed to medium with 1% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) to lyse cells as a positive control. These microphysiometry studies revealed a repeatable pattern of extracellular acidification throughout the experiment, indicating the ability to monitor real-time metabolic activity of spheroids embedded in the newly designed tissue encapsulation. After perfusion for 36 h with medium, SDS exposure resulted in an instant decrease in EAR and OUR signals from 37 mV/h (± 5) to 8 mV/h (± 8) and from 308 mV/h (± 21) to -2 mV/h (± 13), respectively. The presented spheroid monitoring system holds great potential as a method to automate screening and analysis of pharmaceutical agents using 3D multicellular spheroid models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian Eggert
- cellasys GmbH - R&D, Ohmstraße 8, 80802, Munich, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Arcisstraße 21, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Wiest
- cellasys GmbH - R&D, Ohmstraße 8, 80802, Munich, Germany.
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50
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Hur D, Say MG, Diltemiz SE, Duman F, Ersöz A, Say R. 3D Micropatterned All-Flexible Microfluidic Platform for Microwave-Assisted Flow Organic Synthesis. Chempluschem 2018; 83:42-46. [PMID: 31957319 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A large-area, all-flexible, microwaveable polydimethoxysilane microfluidic reactor was fabricated by using a 3D printing system. The sacrificial microchannels were printed on polydimethoxysilane substrates by a direct ink writing method using water-soluble Pluronic F-127 ink and then encapsulated between polydimethoxysilane layers. The structure of micron-sized channels was analyzed by optical and electron microscopy techniques. The fabricated flexible microfluidic reactors were utilized for the acetylation of different amines under microwave irradiation to obtain acetamides in shorter reaction times and good yields by flow organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Hur
- Science Faculty, Chemistry Department, Anadolu University, Yunus Emre Campus, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Bionkit Co. Ltd., Anadolu University Teknopark, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet G Say
- Bionkit Co. Ltd., Anadolu University Teknopark, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey.,Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Sibel E Diltemiz
- Science Faculty, Chemistry Department, Anadolu University, Yunus Emre Campus, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Bionkit Co. Ltd., Anadolu University Teknopark, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Duman
- Science Faculty, Chemistry Department, Anadolu University, Yunus Emre Campus, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Arzu Ersöz
- Science Faculty, Chemistry Department, Anadolu University, Yunus Emre Campus, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Bionkit Co. Ltd., Anadolu University Teknopark, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Rıdvan Say
- Science Faculty, Chemistry Department, Anadolu University, Yunus Emre Campus, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Bionkit Co. Ltd., Anadolu University Teknopark, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey
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