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Shah KR, Garriga-Cerda L, Pappalardo A, Sorrells L, Jeong HJ, Lee CH, Abaci HE. A biopsy-sized 3D skin model with a perifollicular vascular plexus enables studying immune cell trafficking in the skin. Biofabrication 2024; 16:045006. [PMID: 38941996 PMCID: PMC11244652 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad5d1a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Human skin vasculature features a unique anatomy in close proximity to the skin appendages and acts as a gatekeeper for constitutive lymphocyte trafficking to the skin. Approximating such structural complexity and functionality in 3D skin models is an outstanding tissue engineering challenge. In this study, we leverage the capabilities of the digital-light-processing bioprinting to generate an anatomically-relevant and miniaturized 3D skin-on-a-chip (3D-SoC) model in the size of a 6 mm punch biopsy. The 3D-SoC contains a perfusable vascular network resembling the superficial vascular plexus of the skin and closely surrounding bioengineered hair follicles. The perfusion capabilities of the 3D-SoC enables the circulation of immune cells, and high-resolution imaging of the immune cell-endothelial cell interactions, namely tethering, rolling, and extravasation in real-time. Moreover, the vascular pattern in 3D-SoC captures the physiological range of shear rates found in cutaneous blood vessels and allows for studying the effect of shear rate on T cell trafficking. In 3D-SoC, as expected,in vitro-polarized T helper 1 (Th1) cells show a stronger attachment on the vasculature compared to naïve T cells. Both naïve and T cells exhibit higher retention in the low-shear zones in the early stages (<5 min) of T cell attachment. Interestingly, at later stages T cell retention rate becomes independent of the shear rate. The attached Th1 cells further transmigrate from the vessel walls to the extracellular space and migrate toward the bioengineered hair follicles and interfollicular epidermis. When the epidermis is not present, Th1 cell migration toward the epidermis is significantly hindered, underscoring the role of epidermal signals on T cell infiltration. Our data validates the capabilities of 3D-SoC model to study the interactions between immune cells and skin vasculature in the context of epidermal signals. The biopsy-sized 3D-SoC model in this study represents a new level of anatomical and cellular complexity, and brings us a step closer to generating a truly functional human skin with its tissue-specific vasculature and appendages in the presence of circulating immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krutav Rakesh Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States of America
| | - Laura Garriga-Cerda
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Alberto Pappalardo
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Leila Sorrells
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States of America
| | - Hun Jin Jeong
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Chang H Lee
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Hasan Erbil Abaci
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States of America
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Ubago-Rodríguez A, Quiñones-Vico MI, Sánchez-Díaz M, Sanabria-de la Torre R, Sierra-Sánchez Á, Montero-Vílchez T, Fernández-González A, Arias-Santiago S. Challenges in Psoriasis Research: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Models. Dermatology 2024; 240:620-652. [PMID: 38857576 DOI: 10.1159/000538993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with variable clinical presentation, multifactorial etiology and an immunogenetic basis. Several studies demonstrate that it results from a dysregulated interaction between skin keratinocytes, immune cells, and the environment that leads to a persistent inflammatory process modulated by cytokines and T cells. The development of new treatment options requires increased understanding of pathogenesis. However, the successful implementation of effective drugs requires well-characterized and highly available preclinical models that allow researchers to quickly and reproducibly determine their safety and efficacy. METHODS A systematic search on PubMed and Scopus databases was performed and assessed to find appropriate articles about psoriasis models applying the key words previously defined. The PRISMA guidelines were employed. RESULTS A total of 45 original articles were selected that met the selection criteria. Among these, there are articles on in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo models, with the in vitro model being the majority due to its ease of use. Within animal models, the most widely used in recent years are chemically induced models using a compound known as imiquimod. However, the rest of the animal models used throughout the disease's research were also discussed. On the other hand, in vitro models were divided into two and three dimensions. The latter were the most used due to their similarity to human skin. Lastly, the ex vivo models were discussed, although they were the least used due to their difficulty in obtaining them. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, this review summarizes the current preclinical models (in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo), discussing how to develop them, their advantages, limitations, and applications. There are many challenges to improve the development of the different models. However, research in these in vitro model studies could reduce the use of animals. This is favored with the use of future technologies such as 3D bioprinting or organ-on-a-chip technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ubago-Rodríguez
- Cell Production and Tissue Engineering Unit, Virgen de Las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain,
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain,
- Andalusian Network of Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, Seville, Spain,
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain,
| | - María I Quiñones-Vico
- Cell Production and Tissue Engineering Unit, Virgen de Las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Network of Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, Seville, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Díaz
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Virgen de Las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanabria-de la Torre
- Cell Production and Tissue Engineering Unit, Virgen de Las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Network of Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, Seville, Spain
| | - Álvaro Sierra-Sánchez
- Cell Production and Tissue Engineering Unit, Virgen de Las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Network of Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, Seville, Spain
| | - Trinidad Montero-Vílchez
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Virgen de Las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-González
- Cell Production and Tissue Engineering Unit, Virgen de Las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Network of Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, Seville, Spain
| | - Salvador Arias-Santiago
- Cell Production and Tissue Engineering Unit, Virgen de Las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Network of Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, Seville, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Virgen de Las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
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Aazmi A, Zhang D, Mazzaglia C, Yu M, Wang Z, Yang H, Huang YYS, Ma L. Biofabrication methods for reconstructing extracellular matrix mimetics. Bioact Mater 2024; 31:475-496. [PMID: 37719085 PMCID: PMC10500422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the human body, almost all cells interact with extracellular matrices (ECMs), which have tissue and organ-specific compositions and architectures. These ECMs not only function as cellular scaffolds, providing structural support, but also play a crucial role in dynamically regulating various cellular functions. This comprehensive review delves into the examination of biofabrication strategies used to develop bioactive materials that accurately mimic one or more biophysical and biochemical properties of ECMs. We discuss the potential integration of these ECM-mimics into a range of physiological and pathological in vitro models, enhancing our understanding of cellular behavior and tissue organization. Lastly, we propose future research directions for ECM-mimics in the context of tissue engineering and organ-on-a-chip applications, offering potential advancements in therapeutic approaches and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellah Aazmi
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 51817, China
| | - Corrado Mazzaglia
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mengfei Yu
- The Affiliated Stomatologic Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Allergy Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Huayong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan Yan Shery Huang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Mulder PP, Vlig M, Elgersma A, Rozemeijer L, Mastenbroek LS, Middelkoop E, Joosten I, Koenen HJ, Boekema BK. Monocytes and T cells incorporated in full skin equivalents to study innate or adaptive immune reactions after burn injury. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1264716. [PMID: 37901218 PMCID: PMC10611519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1264716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Thermal injury often leads to prolonged and excessive inflammation, which hinders the recovery of patients. There is a notable absence of suitable animal-free models for investigating the inflammatory processes following burn injuries, thereby impeding the development of more effective therapies to improve burn wound healing in patients. Methods In this study, we established a human full skin equivalent (FSE) burn wound model and incorporated human peripheral blood-derived monocytes and T cells. Results Upon infiltration into the FSEs, the monocytes differentiated into macrophages within a span of 7 days. Burn-injured FSEs exhibited macrophages with increased expression of HLA-DR+ and elevated production of IL-8 (CXCL8), in comparison to uninjured FSEs. Among the T cells that actively migrated into the FSEs, the majority were CD4+ and CD25+. These T cells demonstrated augmented expression of markers associated with regulatory T cell, Th1, or Th17 activity, which coincided with significant heightened cytokine production, including IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IP-10 (CXCL10), and TGF-β1. Burn injury did not impact the studied effector T cell subsets or cytokine levels. Discussion Collectively, this study represents a significant advancement in the development of an immunocompetent human skin model, specifically tailored for investigating burn-induced innate or adaptive immune reactions at the site of burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick P.G. Mulder
- Preclinical Research, Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Beverwijk, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marcel Vlig
- Preclinical Research, Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Beverwijk, Netherlands
| | - Anouk Elgersma
- Preclinical Research, Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Beverwijk, Netherlands
| | - Lotte Rozemeijer
- Preclinical Research, Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Beverwijk, Netherlands
| | | | - Esther Middelkoop
- Preclinical Research, Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Beverwijk, Netherlands
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Tissue Function and Regeneration, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Irma Joosten
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Hans J.P.M. Koenen
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Bouke K.H.L. Boekema
- Preclinical Research, Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Beverwijk, Netherlands
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Attiogbe E, Larochelle S, Chaib Y, Mainzer C, Mauroux A, Bordes S, Closs B, Gilbert C, Moulin VJ. An in vitro autologous, vascularized, and immunocompetent Tissue Engineered Skin model obtained by the self-assembled approach. Acta Biomater 2023; 168:361-371. [PMID: 37419164 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
A complete in vitro skin model, containing resident cell types is needed to understand physiology and to consider the role of immune and endothelial cells in dermal drug testing. In this study, a cell extraction technique was developed to isolate resident skin cells from the same human donor while preserving the immune and endothelial cells. Then those cells were used to reconstruct an autologous, vascularized, and immunocompetent Tissue-Engineered Skin model, aviTES. Phenotypic characterization of the viable cells was performed on freshly isolated cells and after thawing through flow cytometry. Dermal cell extracts were characterized as fibroblasts, endothelial and immune cells, and the average amount of each cell type represents 4, 0.5, and 1 million viable cells per g of the dermis, respectively. The 3D models, TES and aviTES, were characterized by a fully differentiated epidermis that showed an increase in the presence of Ki67+ cells in the basolateral layer of the aviTES model. Capillary-like network formation, through the self-assembly of endothelial cells, and the presence of functional immune cells were identified through immunofluorescence staining in aviTES. In addition, the aviTES model was immunocompetent, as evidenced by its capacity to increase the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, MIP-1α, and GM-CSF following LPS stimulation. This study describes an autologous skin model containing a functional resident skin immune system and a capillary network. It provides a relevant tool to study the contribution of the immune system to skin diseases and inflammatory responses and to investigate resident skin cell interactions and drug development. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: There is an urgent need for a complete in vitro skin model containing the resident cell types to better understand the role of immune and endothelial cells in skin and to be able to use it for drug testing. Actual 3D models of human skin most often contain only fibroblasts and keratinocytes with a limited number of models containing endothelial cells or a limited variety of immune cells. This study describes an autologous skin model containing a functional resident skin immune system and a capillary network. It provides a relevant tool to study the contribution of the immune system to skin diseases and inflammatory responses and to investigate interactions between resident skin cell, improving our capacity to develop new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Attiogbe
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval (LOEX), Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Larochelle
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval (LOEX), Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Yanis Chaib
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval (LOEX), Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Caroline Gilbert
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique J Moulin
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval (LOEX), Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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Hofmann E, Schwarz A, Fink J, Kamolz LP, Kotzbeck P. Modelling the Complexity of Human Skin In Vitro. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030794. [PMID: 36979772 PMCID: PMC10045055 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin serves as an important barrier protecting the body from physical, chemical and pathogenic hazards as well as regulating the bi-directional transport of water, ions and nutrients. In order to improve the knowledge on skin structure and function as well as on skin diseases, animal experiments are often employed, but anatomical as well as physiological interspecies differences may result in poor translatability of animal-based data to the clinical situation. In vitro models, such as human reconstructed epidermis or full skin equivalents, are valuable alternatives to animal experiments. Enormous advances have been achieved in establishing skin models of increasing complexity in the past. In this review, human skin structures are described as well as the fast evolving technologies developed to reconstruct the complexity of human skin structures in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Hofmann
- COREMED—Centre of Regenerative and Precision Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Schwarz
- COREMED—Centre of Regenerative and Precision Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Fink
- COREMED—Centre of Regenerative and Precision Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Lars-Peter Kamolz
- COREMED—Centre of Regenerative and Precision Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Kotzbeck
- COREMED—Centre of Regenerative and Precision Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence:
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Full Skin Equivalent Models for Simulation of Burn Wound Healing, Exploring Skin Regeneration and Cytokine Response. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14010029. [PMID: 36662076 PMCID: PMC9864292 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Healing of burn injury is a complex process that often leads to the development of functional and aesthetic complications. To study skin regeneration in more detail, organotypic skin models, such as full skin equivalents (FSEs) generated from dermal matrices, can be used. Here, FSEs were generated using de-epidermalized dermis (DED) and collagen matrices MatriDerm® and Mucomaix®. Our aim was to validate the MatriDerm- and Mucomaix-based FSEs for the use as in vitro models of wound healing. Therefore, we first characterized the FSEs in terms of skin development and cell proliferation. Proper dermal and epidermal morphogenesis was established in all FSEs and was comparable to ex vivo human skin models. Extension of culture time improved the organization of the epidermal layers and the basement membrane in MatriDerm-based FSE but resulted in rapid degradation of the Mucomaix-based FSE. After applying a standardized burn injury to the models, re-epithelization occurred in the DED- and MatriDerm-based FSEs at 2 weeks after injury, similar to ex vivo human skin. High levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were present in the culture media of all models, but no significant differences were observed between models. We anticipate that these animal-free in vitro models can facilitate research on skin regeneration and can be used to test therapeutic interventions in a preclinical setting to improve wound healing.
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8
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Michielon E, de Gruijl TD, Gibbs S. From simplicity to complexity in current melanoma models. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1818-1836. [PMID: 36103206 PMCID: PMC10092692 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recent impressive clinical success of immunotherapy against melanoma, development of primary and adaptive resistance against immune checkpoint inhibitors remains a major issue in a large number of treated patients. This highlights the need for melanoma models that replicate the tumor's intricate dynamics in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and associated immune suppression to study possible resistance mechanisms in order to improve current and test novel therapeutics. While two-dimensional melanoma cell cultures have been widely used to perform functional genomics screens in a high-throughput fashion, they are not suitable to answer more complex scientific questions. Melanoma models have also been established in a variety of experimental (humanized) animals. However, due to differences in physiology, such models do not fully represent human melanoma development. Therefore, fully human three-dimensional in vitro models mimicking melanoma cell interactions with the TME are being developed to address this need for more physiologically relevant models. Such models include melanoma organoids, spheroids, and reconstructed human melanoma-in-skin cultures. Still, while major advances have been made to complement and replace animals, these in vitro systems have yet to fully recapitulate human tumor complexity. Lastly, technical advancements have been made in the organ-on-chip field to replicate functions and microstructures of in vivo human tissues and organs. This review summarizes advancements made in understanding and treating melanoma and specifically aims to discuss the progress made towards developing melanoma models, their applications, limitations, and the advances still needed to further facilitate the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Michielon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Sanchez MM, Bagdasarian IA, Darch W, Morgan JT. Organotypic cultures as aging associated disease models. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:9338-9383. [PMID: 36435511 PMCID: PMC9740367 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aging remains a primary risk factor for a host of diseases, including leading causes of death. Aging and associated diseases are inherently multifactorial, with numerous contributing factors and phenotypes at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organismal scales. Despite the complexity of aging phenomena, models currently used in aging research possess limitations. Frequently used in vivo models often have important physiological differences, age at different rates, or are genetically engineered to match late disease phenotypes rather than early causes. Conversely, routinely used in vitro models lack the complex tissue-scale and systemic cues that are disrupted in aging. To fill in gaps between in vivo and traditional in vitro models, researchers have increasingly been turning to organotypic models, which provide increased physiological relevance with the accessibility and control of in vitro context. While powerful tools, the development of these models is a field of its own, and many aging researchers may be unaware of recent progress in organotypic models, or hesitant to include these models in their own work. In this review, we describe recent progress in tissue engineering applied to organotypic models, highlighting examples explicitly linked to aging and associated disease, as well as examples of models that are relevant to aging. We specifically highlight progress made in skin, gut, and skeletal muscle, and describe how recently demonstrated models have been used for aging studies or similar phenotypes. Throughout, this review emphasizes the accessibility of these models and aims to provide a resource for researchers seeking to leverage these powerful tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina M. Sanchez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | | | - William Darch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Joshua T. Morgan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Shin GJE, Abaci HE, Smith MC. Cellular Pathogenesis of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: Insights From Drosophila and Human-Engineered Skin Models. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:912977. [PMID: 35875478 PMCID: PMC9304629 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.912977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a highly prevalent and complex condition arising from chemotherapy cancer treatments. Currently, there are no treatment or prevention options in the clinic. CIPN accompanies pain-related sensory functions starting from the hands and feet. Studies focusing on neurons in vitro and in vivo models significantly advanced our understanding of CIPN pathological mechanisms. However, given the direct toxicity shown in both neurons and non-neuronal cells, effective in vivo or in vitro models that allow the investigation of neurons in their local environment are required. No single model can provide a complete solution for the required investigation, therefore, utilizing a multi-model approach would allow complementary advantages of different models and robustly validate findings before further translation. This review aims first to summarize approaches and insights from CIPN in vivo models utilizing small model organisms. We will focus on Drosophila melanogaster CIPN models that are genetically amenable and accessible to study neuronal interactions with the local environment in vivo. Second, we will discuss how these findings could be tested in physiologically relevant vertebrate models. We will focus on in vitro approaches using human cells and summarize the current understanding of engineering approaches that may allow the investigation of pathological changes in neurons and the skin environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Ji-eun Shin
- Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Jerome L. Greene Science Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Grace Ji-eun Shin
| | - Hasan Erbil Abaci
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, Saint Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY, United States
| | - Madison Christine Smith
- Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Jerome L. Greene Science Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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11
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Gaviria Agudelo C, Restrepo LM. Human Skin Cancer: an Overview Of Animal, Ex Vivo, and In Vitro Models. CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-022-00361-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Sutterby E, Thurgood P, Baratchi S, Khoshmanesh K, Pirogova E. Evaluation of in vitro human skin models for studying effects of external stressors and stimuli and developing treatment modalities. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20210012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Sutterby
- School of Engineering RMIT University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Peter Thurgood
- School of Engineering RMIT University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University Bundoora Victoria Australia
| | | | - Elena Pirogova
- School of Engineering RMIT University Melbourne Victoria Australia
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13
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Petracca B, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Valacchi G, Eeman M. Bench approaches to study the detrimental cutaneous impact of tropospheric ozone. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2021; 31:137-148. [PMID: 33127990 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-020-00275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Being exposed to ground-level ozone (O3), as it is often the case in polluted cities, is known to have a detrimental impact on skin. O3 induces antioxidant depletion and lipid peroxidation in the upper skin layers and this effect has repercussions on deeper cellular layers, triggering a cascade of cellular stress and inflammatory responses. Repetitive exposure to high levels of O3 may lead to chronic damages of the cutaneous tissue, cause premature skin aging and aggravate skin diseases such as contact dermatitis and urticaria. This review paper debates about the most relevant experimental approaches that must be considered to gather deeper insights about the complex biological processes that are activated when the skin is exposed to O3. Having a better understanding of O3 effects on skin barrier properties and stress responses could help the whole dermato-cosmetic industry to design innovative protective solutions and develop specific cosmetic regime to protect the skin of every citizen, especially those living in areas where exposure to high levels of O3 is of concern to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Petracca
- Dow Silicones Belgium SRL, Seneffe, Belgium
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Animal Sciences, Kannapolis Research Campus, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Marc Eeman
- Dow Silicones Belgium SRL, Seneffe, Belgium.
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14
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Jardet C, David A, Braun E, Descargues P, Grolleau J, Hebsgaard J, Norsgaard H, Lovato P. Development and characterization of a human Th17-driven ex vivo skin inflammation model. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:993-1003. [PMID: 32737987 PMCID: PMC7693225 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Skin models mimicking features of psoriasis-related inflammation are needed to support the development of new drugs in dermatology. Reconstructed skin models lack tissue complexity, including a fully competent skin barrier, and presence and/or diversity of immune cells. Here, we describe InflammaSkin®, a novel human Th17-driven ex vivo skin inflammation model. In this model, skin-resident T cells are in situ activated by intradermal injection of anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies and Th17 cell polarization is sustained by culture in a chemically defined medium supplemented with IL-1β, IL-23 and TGF-β for seven days. The acquired Th17 signature is demonstrated by the sustained secretion of IL-17A, IL-17AF, IL-17F, IL-22, IFN-γ, and to some degree IL-15 and TNF-α observed in the activated ex vivo skin inflammation model compared with the non-activated skin model control. Furthermore, expression of S100A7 and Keratin-16 by keratinocytes and loss of epidermal structure integrity occur subsequently to in situ Th17cell activation, demonstrating cellular crosstalk between Th17 cells and keratinocytes. Finally, we demonstrate the use of this model to investigate the modulation of the IL-23/IL-17 immune axis by topically applied anti-inflammatory compounds. Taken together, we show that by in situ activation of skin-resident Th17 cells, the InflammaSkin® model reproduces aspects of inflammatory responses observed in psoriatic lesions and could be used as a translational tool to assess efficacy of test compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jean‐Louis Grolleau
- Service de Chirurgie Plastique et ReconstructriceCHU Toulouse RangueilToulouseFrance
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15
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Hering H, Zoschke C, Kühn M, Gadicherla AK, Weindl G, Luch A, Schreiver I. TatS: a novel in vitro tattooed human skin model for improved pigment toxicology research. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2423-2434. [PMID: 32661687 PMCID: PMC7367916 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02825-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reports of tattoo-associated risks boosted the interest in tattoo pigment toxicity over the last decades. Nonetheless, the influence of tattoo pigments on skin homeostasis remains largely unknown. In vitro systems are not available to investigate the interactions between pigments and skin. Here, we established TatS, a reconstructed human full-thickness skin model with tattoo pigments incorporated into the dermis. We mixed the most frequently used tattoo pigments carbon black (0.02 mg/ml) and titanium dioxide (TiO2, 0.4 mg/ml) as well as the organic diazo compound Pigment Orange 13 (0.2 mg/ml) into the dermis. Tissue viability, morphology as well as cytokine release were used to characterize TatS. Effects of tattoo pigments were compared to monolayer cultures of human fibroblasts. The tissue architecture of TatS was comparable to native human skin. The epidermal layer was fully differentiated and the keratinocytes expressed occludin, filaggrin and e-cadherin. Staining of collagen IV confirmed the formation of the basement membrane. Tenascin C was expressed in the dermal layer of fibroblasts. Although transmission electron microscopy revealed the uptake of the tattoo pigments into fibroblasts, neither viability nor cytokine secretion was altered in TatS. In contrast, TiO2 significantly decreased cell viability and increased interleukin-8 release in fibroblast monolayers. In conclusion, TatS emulates healed tattooed human skin and underlines the advantages of 3D systems over traditional 2D cell culture in tattoo pigment research. TatS is the first skin model that enables to test the effects of pigments in the dermis upon tattooing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Hering
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christian Zoschke
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Kühn
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ashish K Gadicherla
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Günther Weindl
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ines Schreiver
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany.
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16
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An Anti-Inflammatory Poly(PhosphorHydrazone) Dendrimer Capped with AzaBisPhosphonate Groups to Treat Psoriasis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060949. [PMID: 32586038 PMCID: PMC7356153 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers are nanosized, arborescent macromolecules synthesized in a stepwise fashion with attractive degrees of functionality and structure definition. This is one of the reasons why they are widely used for biomedical applications. Previously, we have shown that a poly(phosphorhydrazone) (PPH) dendrimer capped with anionic azabisphosphonate groups (so-called ABP dendrimer) has immuno-modulatory and anti-inflammatory properties towards human immune cells in vitro. Thereafter, we have shown that the ABP dendrimer has a promising therapeutic efficacy to treat models of acute and chronic inflammatory disorders in animal models. In these models, the active pharmaceutical ingredient was administered systematically (intravenous and oral administrations), but also loco-regionally in the vitreous tissue. Herein, we assessed the therapeutic efficacy of the ABP dendrimer in the preclinical mouse model of psoriasis induced by imiquimod. The ABP dendrimer was administered in phosphate-buffered saline solution via either systemic injection or topical application. We show that the topical application enabled the control of both the clinical and histopathological scores, and the control of the infiltration of macrophages in the skin of treated mice.
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17
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Deniz AAH, Abdik EA, Abdik H, Aydın S, Şahin F, Taşlı PN. Zooming in across the Skin: A Macro-to-Molecular Panorama. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1247:157-200. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Bal-Öztürk A, Miccoli B, Avci-Adali M, Mogtader F, Sharifi F, Çeçen B, Yaşayan G, Braeken D, Alarcin E. Current Strategies and Future Perspectives of Skin-on-a-Chip Platforms: Innovations, Technical Challenges and Commercial Outlook. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5437-5457. [PMID: 30727878 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190206195304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the largest and most exposed organ in the human body. Not only it is involved in numerous biological processes essential for life but also it represents a significant endpoint for the application of pharmaceuticals. The area of in vitro skin tissue engineering has been progressing extensively in recent years. Advanced in vitro human skin models strongly impact the discovery of new drugs thanks to the enhanced screening efficiency and reliability. Nowadays, animal models are largely employed at the preclinical stage of new pharmaceutical compounds development for both risk assessment evaluation and pharmacokinetic studies. On the other hand, animal models often insufficiently foresee the human reaction due to the variations in skin immunity and physiology. Skin-on-chips devices offer innovative and state-of-the-art platforms essential to overcome these limitations. In the present review, we focus on the contribution of skin-on-chip platforms in fundamental research and applied medical research. In addition, we also highlighted the technical and practical difficulties that must be overcome to enhance skin-on-chip platforms, e.g. embedding electrical measurements, for improved modeling of human diseases as well as of new drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayça Bal-Öztürk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, İstinye University, 34010, Zeytinburnu, Istanbul, Turkey,Department of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Health Sciences, Istinye University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Beatrice Miccoli
- Imec, Department of Life Sciences and Imaging, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium,Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Meltem Avci-Adali
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ferzaneh Mogtader
- Department of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Health Sciences, Istinye University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey,NanoBMT, Cyberpark, Bilkent 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatemeh Sharifi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-11155, Iran
| | - Berivan Çeçen
- Biomechanics Department, Institute of Health Science, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Inciraltı, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gökçen Yaşayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, 34668, Haydarpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dries Braeken
- Imec, Department of Life Sciences and Imaging, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Emine Alarcin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, 34668, Haydarpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
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19
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Tian C, Tu Q, Liu W, Wang J. Recent advances in microfluidic technologies for organ-on-a-chip. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Limandjaja GC, Waaijman T, Roffel S, Niessen FB, Gibbs S. Monocytes co-cultured with reconstructed keloid and normal skin models skew towards M2 macrophage phenotype. Arch Dermatol Res 2019; 311:615-627. [PMID: 31187196 PMCID: PMC6736899 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-019-01942-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Several abnormalities have been reported in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of keloid-forming patients and particularly in the monocyte cell fraction. The goal of this in vitro study was to determine whether monocytes from keloid-prone patients contribute to the keloid phenotype in early developing keloids, and whether monocyte differentiation is affected by the keloid microenvironment. Therefore, keloid-derived keratinocytes and fibroblasts were used to reconstruct a full thickness, human, in vitro keloid scar model. The reconstructed keloid was co-cultured with monocytes from keloid-forming patients and compared to reconstructed normal skin co-cultured with monocytes from non-keloid-formers. The reconstructed keloid showed increased contraction, dermal thickness (trend) and α-SMA+ staining, but co-culture with monocytes did not further enhance the keloid phenotype. After 2-week culture, all monocytes switched from a CD11chigh/CD14high/CD68low to a CD11chigh/CD14low/CD68high phenotype. However, only monocytes co-cultured with either reconstructed keloid scar or normal skin models skewed towards the more fibrotic M2-macrophage phenotype. There was negligible fibroblast and fibrocyte differentiation in mono- and co-cultured monocytes. These results indicate that monocytes differentiate into M2 macrophages when in the vicinity of early regenerating and repairing tissue, independent of whether the individual is prone to normal or keloid scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace C Limandjaja
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, O|2 Lab Building Room 11E05, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, De Boelelaan, 1108, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco Waaijman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, O|2 Lab Building Room 11E05, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, De Boelelaan, 1108, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Roffel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, O|2 Lab Building Room 11E05, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, De Boelelaan, 1108, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank B Niessen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, O|2 Lab Building Room 11E05, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, De Boelelaan, 1108, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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21
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Wilm A, Kühnl J, Kirchmair J. Computational approaches for skin sensitization prediction. Crit Rev Toxicol 2018; 48:738-760. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2018.1528207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anke Wilm
- Center for Bioinformatics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- HITeC e.V, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Kühnl
- Front End Innovation, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kirchmair
- Center for Bioinformatics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Computational Biology Unit (CBU), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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22
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Irimia D, Wang X. Inflammation-on-a-Chip: Probing the Immune System Ex Vivo. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 36:923-937. [PMID: 29728272 PMCID: PMC6098972 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is the typical result of activating the host immune system against pathogens, and it helps to clear microbes from tissues. However, inflammation can occur in the absence of pathogens, contributing to tissue damage and leading to disease. Understanding how immune cells coordinate their activities to initiate, modulate, and terminate inflammation is key to developing effective interventions to preserve health and combat diseases. Towards this goal, inflammation-on-a-chip tools provide unique features that greatly benefit the study of inflammation. They reconstitute tissue environments in microfabricated devices and enable real-time, high-resolution observations and quantification of cellular activities relevant to inflammation. We review here recent advances in inflammation-on-a-chip technologies and highlight the biological insights and clinical applications enabled by these emerging tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Irimia
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Burns Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Xiao Wang
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Burns Hospital, Boston, MA
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23
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Pupovac A, Senturk B, Griffoni C, Maniura-Weber K, Rottmar M, McArthur SL. Toward Immunocompetent 3D Skin Models. Adv Healthc Mater 2018. [PMID: 29542274 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
3D human skin models provide a platform for toxicity testing, biomaterials evaluation, and investigation of fundamental biological processes. However, the majority of current in vitro models lack an inflammatory system, vasculature, and other characteristics of native skin, indicating scope for more physiologically complex models. Looking at the immune system, there are a variety of cells that could be integrated to create novel skin models, but to do this effectively it is also necessary to understand the interface between skin biology and tissue engineering as well as the different roles the immune system plays in specific health and disease states. Here, a progress report on skin immunity and current immunocompetent skin models with a focus on construction methods is presented; scaffold and cell choice as well as the requirements of physiologically relevant models are elaborated. The wide range of technological and fundamental challenges that need to be addressed to successfully generate immunocompetent skin models and the steps currently being made globally by researchers as they develop new models are explored. Induced pluripotent stem cells, microfluidic platforms to control the model environment, and new real-time monitoring techniques capable of probing biochemical processes within the models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleta Pupovac
- Faculty of Science; Engineering and Technology; Swinburne University of Technology; Hawthorn Victoria 3122 Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO); Probing Biosystems Future Science Platform and Manufacturing; Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Berna Senturk
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces; Empa; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; 9014 St. Gallen Switzerland
| | - Chiara Griffoni
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces; Empa; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; 9014 St. Gallen Switzerland
| | - Katharina Maniura-Weber
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces; Empa; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; 9014 St. Gallen Switzerland
| | - Markus Rottmar
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces; Empa; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; 9014 St. Gallen Switzerland
| | - Sally L. McArthur
- Faculty of Science; Engineering and Technology; Swinburne University of Technology; Hawthorn Victoria 3122 Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO); Probing Biosystems Future Science Platform and Manufacturing; Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
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24
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Limandjaja GC, van den Broek LJ, Breetveld M, Waaijman T, Monstrey S, de Boer EM, Scheper RJ, Niessen FB, Gibbs S. Characterization of In Vitro Reconstructed Human Normotrophic, Hypertrophic, and Keloid Scar Models. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2018; 24:242-253. [PMID: 29490604 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand scar pathology, develop new drugs, and provide a platform for personalized medicine, physiologically relevant human scar models are required, which are characteristic of different scar pathologies. Hypertrophic scars and keloids are two types of abnormal scar resulting from unknown abnormalities in the wound healing process. While they display different clinical behavior, differentiation between the two can be difficult-which in turn means that it is difficult to develop optimal therapeutic strategies. The aim of this study was to develop in vitro reconstructed human hypertrophic and keloid scar models and compare these to normotrophic scar and normal skin models to identify distinguishing biomarkers. Keratinocytes and fibroblasts from normal skin and scar types (normotrophic, hypertrophic, keloid) were used to reconstruct skin models. All skin models showed a reconstructed differentiated epidermis on a fibroblast populated collagen-elastin matrix. Both abnormal scar types showed increased contraction, dermal thickness, and myofibroblast staining compared to normal skin and normotrophic scar. Notably, the expression of extracellular matrix associated genes showed distinguishing profiles between all scar types and normal skin (hyaluronan synthase-1, matrix-metalloprotease-3), between keloid and normal skin (collagen type IV), between normal scar and keloid (laminin α1), and between keloid and hypertrophic scar (matrix-metalloprotease-1, integrin α5). Also, inflammatory cytokine and growth factor secretion (CCL5, CXCL1, CXCL8, CCL27, IL-6, HGF) showed differential secretion between scar types. Our results strongly suggest that abnormal scars arise from different pathologies rather than simply being on different ends of the scarring spectrum. Furthermore, such normal skin and scar models together with biomarkers, which distinguish the different scar types, would provide an animal free, physiologically relevant scar diagnostic and drug testing platform for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace C Limandjaja
- 1 Department of Dermatology, VU Medical Centre (VUMC) , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Melanie Breetveld
- 1 Department of Dermatology, VU Medical Centre (VUMC) , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco Waaijman
- 1 Department of Dermatology, VU Medical Centre (VUMC) , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stan Monstrey
- 2 Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Ghent , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Edith M de Boer
- 1 Department of Dermatology, VU Medical Centre (VUMC) , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rik J Scheper
- 3 Department of Pathology, VU Medical Centre (VUMC) , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank B Niessen
- 4 Department of Plastic Surgery, VU Medical Centre (VUMC) , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Gibbs
- 1 Department of Dermatology, VU Medical Centre (VUMC) , Amsterdam, The Netherlands .,5 Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry (ACTA) , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Ewart L, Dehne EM, Fabre K, Gibbs S, Hickman J, Hornberg E, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Jang KJ, Jones DR, Lauschke VM, Marx U, Mettetal JT, Pointon A, Williams D, Zimmermann WH, Newham P. Application of Microphysiological Systems to Enhance Safety Assessment in Drug Discovery. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 58:65-82. [PMID: 29029591 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010617-052722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing the early detection of new therapies that are likely to carry a safety liability in the context of the intended patient population would provide a major advance in drug discovery. Microphysiological systems (MPS) technology offers an opportunity to support enhanced preclinical to clinical translation through the generation of higher-quality preclinical physiological data. In this review, we highlight this technological opportunity by focusing on key target organs associated with drug safety and metabolism. By focusing on MPS models that have been developed for these organs, alongside other relevant in vitro models, we review the current state of the art and the challenges that still need to be overcome to ensure application of this technology in enhancing drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Ewart
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom;
| | | | - Kristin Fabre
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, USA
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Dermatology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, USA
| | - Ellinor Hornberg
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - David R Jones
- Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London SW1W 9SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jerome T Mettetal
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, USA
| | - Amy Pointon
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom;
| | - Dominic Williams
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom;
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen 37075, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Goettingen 37075, Germany
| | - Peter Newham
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom;
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Skardal A, Murphy SV, Devarasetty M, Mead I, Kang HW, Seol YJ, Shrike Zhang Y, Shin SR, Zhao L, Aleman J, Hall AR, Shupe TD, Kleensang A, Dokmeci MR, Jin Lee S, Jackson JD, Yoo JJ, Hartung T, Khademhosseini A, Soker S, Bishop CE, Atala A. Multi-tissue interactions in an integrated three-tissue organ-on-a-chip platform. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8837. [PMID: 28821762 PMCID: PMC5562747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many drugs have progressed through preclinical and clinical trials and have been available - for years in some cases - before being recalled by the FDA for unanticipated toxicity in humans. One reason for such poor translation from drug candidate to successful use is a lack of model systems that accurately recapitulate normal tissue function of human organs and their response to drug compounds. Moreover, tissues in the body do not exist in isolation, but reside in a highly integrated and dynamically interactive environment, in which actions in one tissue can affect other downstream tissues. Few engineered model systems, including the growing variety of organoid and organ-on-a-chip platforms, have so far reflected the interactive nature of the human body. To address this challenge, we have developed an assortment of bioengineered tissue organoids and tissue constructs that are integrated in a closed circulatory perfusion system, facilitating inter-organ responses. We describe a three-tissue organ-on-a-chip system, comprised of liver, heart, and lung, and highlight examples of inter-organ responses to drug administration. We observe drug responses that depend on inter-tissue interaction, illustrating the value of multiple tissue integration for in vitro study of both the efficacy of and side effects associated with candidate drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Skardal
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. .,Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| | - Sean V Murphy
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Mahesh Devarasetty
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Ivy Mead
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Hyun-Wook Kang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Young-Joon Seol
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Su-Ryon Shin
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, 615N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Julio Aleman
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Adam R Hall
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Thomas D Shupe
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Andre Kleensang
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, 615N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mehmet R Dokmeci
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - John D Jackson
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - James J Yoo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, 615N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Steinbeis CAAT-Europe, University of Konstanz, Universitätstr 10, Konstanz, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21569, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shay Soker
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Colin E Bishop
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. .,Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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27
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van den Broek LJ, Bergers LIJC, Reijnders CMA, Gibbs S. Progress and Future Prospectives in Skin-on-Chip Development with Emphasis on the use of Different Cell Types and Technical Challenges. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 13:418-429. [PMID: 28536890 PMCID: PMC5486511 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the healthy and diseased state of skin is important in many areas of basic and applied research. Although the field of skin tissue engineering has advanced greatly over the last years, current in vitro skin models still do not mimic the complexity of the human skin. Skin-on-chip and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) might be key technologies to improve in vitro skin models. This review summarizes the state of the art of in vitro skin models with regard to cell sources (primary, cell line, iPSC) and microfluidic devices. It can be concluded that iPSC have the potential to be differentiated into many kinds of immunologically matched cells and skin-on-chip technology might lead to more physiologically relevant skin models due to the controlled environment, possible exchange of immune cells, and an increased barrier function. Therefore the combination of iPSC and skin-on-chip is expected to lead to superior healthy and diseased in vitro skin models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Dermatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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28
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Gaspar D, Zeugolis DI. Engineering in vitro complex pathophysiologies for drug discovery purposes. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1341-1344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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