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Cheng SY, Zhang YE. Blocking smoothened cholesterylation: A strategy for overcoming drug resistance in cancer. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:1231-1233. [PMID: 39029450 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
In this issue of Cell Chemical Biology, Liu et al.1 report the identification of Q29, a synthetic diterpenoid that blocks covalent cholesterol modification of smoothened (SMO) and inhibits hedgehog signaling. Q29 is capable of suppressing tumor cell growth, both in vitro and in vivo, and overcoming resistance to SMO inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Y Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
| | - Ying E Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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2
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Youngblood MW, Erson-Omay Z, Li C, Najem H, Coșkun S, Tyrtova E, Montejo JD, Miyagishima DF, Barak T, Nishimura S, Harmancı AS, Clark VE, Duran D, Huttner A, Avşar T, Bayri Y, Schramm J, Boetto J, Peyre M, Riche M, Goldbrunner R, Amankulor N, Louvi A, Bilgüvar K, Pamir MN, Özduman K, Kilic T, Knight JR, Simon M, Horbinski C, Kalamarides M, Timmer M, Heimberger AB, Mishra-Gorur K, Moliterno J, Yasuno K, Günel M. Super-enhancer hijacking drives ectopic expression of hedgehog pathway ligands in meningiomas. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6279. [PMID: 37805627 PMCID: PMC10560290 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41926-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog signaling mediates embryologic development of the central nervous system and other tissues and is frequently hijacked by neoplasia to facilitate uncontrolled cellular proliferation. Meningiomas, the most common primary brain tumor, exhibit Hedgehog signaling activation in 6.5% of cases, triggered by recurrent mutations in pathway mediators such as SMO. In this study, we find 35.6% of meningiomas that lack previously known drivers acquired various types of somatic structural variations affecting chromosomes 2q35 and 7q36.3. These cases exhibit ectopic expression of Hedgehog ligands, IHH and SHH, respectively, resulting in Hedgehog signaling activation. Recurrent tandem duplications involving IHH permit de novo chromatin interactions between super-enhancers within DIRC3 and a locus containing IHH. Our work expands the landscape of meningioma molecular drivers and demonstrates enhancer hijacking of Hedgehog ligands as a route to activate this pathway in neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Youngblood
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zeynep Erson-Omay
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chang Li
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hinda Najem
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Süleyman Coșkun
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Evgeniya Tyrtova
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julio D Montejo
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Section of Neurosurgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Danielle F Miyagishima
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tanyeri Barak
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sayoko Nishimura
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Akdes Serin Harmancı
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Victoria E Clark
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Daniel Duran
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Anita Huttner
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Timuçin Avşar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bahcesehir University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasar Bayri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Marmara University School of Medicine, 34854, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Julien Boetto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere, AP-HP & Sorbonne Université, F-75103, Paris, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Matthieu Peyre
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere, AP-HP & Sorbonne Université, F-75103, Paris, France
| | - Maximilien Riche
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere, AP-HP & Sorbonne Université, F-75103, Paris, France
| | - Roland Goldbrunner
- Center for Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nduka Amankulor
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Angeliki Louvi
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kaya Bilgüvar
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University West Campus, Orange, CT, USA
- Department of Medical Genetics Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, 34848, Turkey
| | - M Necmettin Pamir
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, 34848, Turkey
| | - Koray Özduman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, 34848, Turkey
| | - Türker Kilic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bahcesehir University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - James R Knight
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University West Campus, Orange, CT, USA
| | - Matthias Simon
- University of Bonn Medical School, 53105, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bethel Clinic, University of Bielefeld Medical Center OWL, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michel Kalamarides
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere, AP-HP & Sorbonne Université, F-75103, Paris, France
| | - Marco Timmer
- Center for Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ketu Mishra-Gorur
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jennifer Moliterno
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Katsuhito Yasuno
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Murat Günel
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Wu A, Turner KA, Woolfson A, Jiang X. The Hedgehog Pathway as a Therapeutic Target in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030958. [PMID: 36986819 PMCID: PMC10053130 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the development of therapeutic agents that selectively target cancer cells, relapse driven by acquired drug resistance and resulting treatment failure remains a significant issue. The highly conserved Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway performs multiple roles in both development and tissue homeostasis, and its aberrant regulation is known to drive the pathogenesis of numerous human malignancies. However, the role of HH signaling in mediating disease progression and drug resistance remains unclear. This is especially true for myeloid malignancies. The HH pathway, and in particular the protein Smoothened (SMO), has been shown to be essential for regulating stem cell fate in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Evidence suggests that HH pathway activity is critical for maintaining the drug-resistant properties and survival of CML leukemic stem cells (LSCs), and that dual inhibition of BCR-ABL1 and SMO may comprise an effective therapeutic strategy for the eradication of these cells in patients. This review will explore the evolutionary origins of HH signaling, highlighting its roles in development and disease, which are mediated by canonical and non-canonical HH signaling. Development of small molecule inhibitors of HH signaling and clinical trials using these inhibitors as therapeutic agents in cancer and their potential resistance mechanisms, are also discussed, with a focus on CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wu
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Kelly A. Turner
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Adrian Woolfson
- Replay Holdings Inc., 5555 Oberlin Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Correspondence:
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de Almeida Magalhães T, Alencastro Veiga Cruzeiro G, Ribeiro de Sousa G, Englinger B, Fernando Peinado Nagano L, Ancliffe M, Rodrigues da Silva K, Jiang L, Gojo J, Cherry Liu Y, Carline B, Kuchibhotla M, Pinto Saggioro F, Kazue Nagahashi Marie S, Mieko Oba-Shinjo S, Andres Yunes J, Gomes de Paula Queiroz R, Alberto Scrideli C, Endersby R, Filbin MG, Silva Borges K, Salic A, Gonzaga Tone L, Valera ET. Activation of Hedgehog signaling by the oncogenic RELA fusion reveals a primary cilia-dependent vulnerability in supratentorial ependymoma. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:185-198. [PMID: 35640920 PMCID: PMC9825332 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supratentorial RELA fusion (ST-RELA) ependymomas (EPNs) are resistant tumors without an approved chemotherapeutic treatment. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanisms that lead to chemoresistance traits of ST-RELA remain elusive. The aim of this study was to assess RELA fusion-dependent signaling modules, specifically the role of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway as a novel targetable vulnerability in ST-RELA. METHODS Gene expression was analyzed in EPN from patient cohorts, by microarray, RNA-seq, qRT-PCR, and scRNA-seq. Inhibitors against Smoothened (SMO) (Sonidegib) and Aurora kinase A (AURKA) (Alisertib) were evaluated. Protein expression, primary cilia formation, and drug effects were assessed by immunoblot, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Hh components were selectively overexpressed in EPNs induced by the RELA fusion. Single-cell analysis showed that the Hh signature was primarily confined to undifferentiated, stem-like cell subpopulations. Sonidegib exhibited potent growth-inhibitory effects on ST-RELA cells, suggesting a key role in active Hh signaling; importantly, the effect of Sonidegib was reversed by primary cilia loss. We, thus, tested the effect of AURKA inhibition by Alisertib, to induce cilia stabilization/reassembly. Strikingly, Alisertib rescued ciliogenesis and synergized with Sonidegib in killing ST-RELA cells. Using a xenograft model, we show that cilia loss is a mechanism for acquiring resistance to the inhibitory effect of Sonidegib. However, Alisertib fails to rescue cilia and highlights the need for other strategies to promote cilia reassembly, for treating ST-RELA tumors. CONCLUSION Our study reveals a crucial role for the Hh pathway in ST-RELA tumor growth, and suggests that rescue of primary cilia represents a vulnerability of the ST-RELA EPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taciani de Almeida Magalhães
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gustavo Alencastro Veiga Cruzeiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Graziella Ribeiro de Sousa
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bernhard Englinger
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luis Fernando Peinado Nagano
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mathew Ancliffe
- Brain Tumour Research Program, Telethon Kids Institute and the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Keteryne Rodrigues da Silva
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Brain Tumour Research Program, Telethon Kids Institute and the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Johannes Gojo
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yulu Cherry Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brooke Carline
- Brain Tumour Research Program, Telethon Kids Institute and the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mani Kuchibhotla
- Brain Tumour Research Program, Telethon Kids Institute and the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fabiano Pinto Saggioro
- Department of Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suely Kazue Nagahashi Marie
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sueli Mieko Oba-Shinjo
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Andres Yunes
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Boldrini Children’s Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Alberto Scrideli
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raelene Endersby
- Brain Tumour Research Program, Telethon Kids Institute and the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mariella G Filbin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kleiton Silva Borges
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adrian Salic
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luiz Gonzaga Tone
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elvis Terci Valera
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Wang J, Cui B, Li X, Zhao X, Huang T, Ding X. The emerging roles of Hedgehog signaling in tumor immune microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1171418. [PMID: 37213270 PMCID: PMC10196179 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1171418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is pervasively involved in human malignancies, making it an effective target for cancer treatment for decades. In addition to its direct role in regulating cancer cell attributes, recent work indicates that it has an immunoregulatory effect on tumor microenvironments. An integrated understanding of these actions of Hh signaling pathway in tumor cells and tumor microenvironments will pave the way for novel tumor treatments and further advances in anti-tumor immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the most recent research about Hh signaling pathway transduction, with a particular emphasis on its role in modulating tumor immune/stroma cell phenotype and function, such as macrophage polarity, T cell response, and fibroblast activation, as well as their mutual interactions between tumor cells and nonneoplastic cells. We also summarize the recent advances in the development of Hh pathway inhibitors and nanoparticle formulation for Hh pathway modulation. We suggest that targeting Hh signaling effects on both tumor cells and tumor immune microenvironments could be more synergistic for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baiping Cui
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Zhao
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Taomin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Taomin Huang, ; Xiaolei Ding,
| | - Xiaolei Ding
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Taomin Huang, ; Xiaolei Ding,
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Wu Q, Qian W, Sun X, Jiang S. Small-molecule inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and more: FDA-approved novel therapeutic drugs for solid tumors from 1991 to 2021. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:143. [PMID: 36209184 PMCID: PMC9548212 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01362-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) has always been a forerunner in drug evaluation and supervision. Over the past 31 years, 1050 drugs (excluding vaccines, cell-based therapies, and gene therapy products) have been approved as new molecular entities (NMEs) or biologics license applications (BLAs). A total of 228 of these 1050 drugs were identified as cancer therapeutics or cancer-related drugs, and 120 of them were classified as therapeutic drugs for solid tumors according to their initial indications. These drugs have evolved from small molecules with broad-spectrum antitumor properties in the early stage to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibody‒drug conjugates (ADCs) with a more precise targeting effect during the most recent decade. These drugs have extended indications for other malignancies, constituting a cancer treatment system for monotherapy or combined therapy. However, the available targets are still mainly limited to receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), restricting the development of antitumor drugs. In this review, these 120 drugs are summarized and classified according to the initial indications, characteristics, or functions. Additionally, RTK-targeted therapies and immune checkpoint-based immunotherapies are also discussed. Our analysis of existing challenges and potential opportunities in drug development may advance solid tumor treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wu
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003 Zhejiang China
| | - Shaojie Jiang
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
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Mir-326 potentiates radiosensitivity of cervical squamous cell carcinoma through downregulating SMO expression in the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:981-991. [PMID: 35751784 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy resistance affects the therapeutic effect of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). Smoothened (Smo) is an anticancer target of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway and its mutation is related to drug resistance. OBJECTIVE To explore the roles of miR-326 and Smoothened (SMO) on radiation resistance in patients with cervical carcinoma. METHODS Expression of miR-326 and SMO in cervical cancer tissue and radioresistant cell lines were analyzed. The radiation response with the expression of miR-326 was evaluated in tissue and cells. Bioinformatics analysis and literature review were performed to explore the target of miR-326. The regulation of miR-326 to SMO mRNA was verified through the dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Patients with poor radiation response have lower miR-326 and higher SMO expression. Upregulation of miR-326 decreased SMO expression and its downstream proteins but does not affect the proliferation of CSCC cells. The upregulation of miR-326 increased radiation sensitivity of the CSCC cell through downregulating SMO and its downstream proteins in the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS miR-326 may predict the treatment response to radiation, and upregulating miR-326 may improve the treatment response to radiation.
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George J, Chen Y, Abdelfattah N, Yamamoto K, Gallup TD, Adamson SI, Rybinski B, Srivastava A, Kumar P, Lee MG, Baskin DS, Jiang W, Choi JM, Flavahan W, Chuang JH, Kim BY, Xu J, Jung SY, Yun K. Cancer stem cells, not bulk tumor cells, determine mechanisms of resistance to SMO inhibitors. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:402-416. [PMID: 36688010 PMCID: PMC9853917 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of treatment resistance significantly reduces the clinical utility of many effective targeted therapies. Although both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of drug resistance have been reported, whether these mechanisms are stochastically selected in individual tumors or governed by a predictable underlying principle is unknown. Here, we report that the dependence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), not bulk tumor cells, on the targeted pathway determines the molecular mechanism of resistance in individual tumors. Using both spontaneous and transplantable mouse models of sonic hedgehog (SHH) medulloblastoma (MB) treated with an SHH/Smoothened inhibitor, sonidegib/LDE225, we show that genetic-based resistance occurs only in tumors that contain SHH-dependent CSCs (SD-CSCs). In contrast, SHH MBs containing SHH-dependent bulk tumor cells but SHH-independent CSCs (SI-CSCs) acquire resistance through epigenetic reprogramming. Mechanistically, elevated proteasome activity in SMOi-resistant SI-CSC MBs alters the tumor cell maturation trajectory through enhanced degradation of specific epigenetic regulators, including histone acetylation machinery components, resulting in global reductions in H3K9Ac, H3K14Ac, H3K56Ac, H4K5Ac, and H4K8Ac marks and gene expression changes. These results provide new insights into how selective pressure on distinct tumor cell populations contributes to different mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies. This insight provides a new conceptual framework to understand responses and resistance to SMOis and other targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshy George
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Yaohui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute and Institute for Academic Medicine, Houston, Texas
- The Kenneth R. Peak Brain and Pituitary Tumor Treatment Center, Houston Methodist, Houston Texas
| | - Nourhan Abdelfattah
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Keiko Yamamoto
- The Jackson Laboratory-Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, Maine
| | - Thomas D. Gallup
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Scott I. Adamson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Brad Rybinski
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anuj Srivastava
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Parveen Kumar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Min Gyu Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David S. Baskin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute and Institute for Academic Medicine, Houston, Texas
- The Kenneth R. Peak Brain and Pituitary Tumor Treatment Center, Houston Methodist, Houston Texas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jong Min Choi
- Advanced Technology Core, Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - William Flavahan
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey H. Chuang
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Betty Y.S. Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jiaqiong Xu
- Center for Outcomes Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Texas
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kyuson Yun
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
- Department of Neurology, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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9
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Qiu P, Liu J, Zhao L, Zhang P, Wang W, Shou D, Ji J, Li C, Chai K, Dong Y. Inoscavin A, a pyrone compound isolated from a Sanghuangporus vaninii extract, inhibits colon cancer cell growth and induces cell apoptosis via the hedgehog signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:153852. [PMID: 35026508 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sanghuangporus vaninii, a large precious medicinal fungus called Sanghuang in China, has significant antitumor activity. We previously reported that a Sanghuangporus vaninii extract could lead to apoptosis in HT-29 cells through the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. We further found that Inoscavin A exhibited anti-colon cancer activity, but its specific mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. METHODS Inoscavin A was obtained from Sanghuangporus vaninii by the classic phytochemical separation technology. The male BALB/c nude mice were injected with HT-29 colon cancer cells as animal model. In order to observe the pathological changes of tumor section, the hematoxylin-eosin(H&E) staining was applied in the histological analysis. Metabolomics was utilized for the investigation of the overall changes of serum metabolites in animal model, and the potential targets of Inoscavin A were analyzed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). We further employed a molecular docking approach to predict the degree of combination of Inoscavin A and Smo. Then we further performed Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis to investigate the expression of proteins involved in Hh-related pathways in tumor tissues. In addition, the colony formation assay, scratch-wound assay and transwell migration and invasion assay were conducted to evaluate the anti-colon-cancer activity of Inoscavin A. Concurrently, the mitochondrial membrane potential assay and TUNEL apoptosis assay were detected to demonstrate the effect of Inoscavin A on promoting HT-29 cells apoptosis. Western blot experiments verified the anti-tumor effects of Inoscavin A were modulated the protein expression of Shh, Ptch1, Smo and Gli1 in HT-29 cells. RESULTS We showed that Inoscavin A, a pyrone compound isolated from the Sanghuangporus vaninii extract, exerted its antitumor activity in an HT-29 colon cancer cell xenograft mouse model. Subsequently, we first time prove that the antitumor effects of Inoscavin A were related to the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Smo, the core receptor of the Hh pathway, was critical for the induction of apoptosis of Inoscavin A and that overexpression of this target could significantly rescue cell apoptosis induced by Inoscavin A treatment. CONCLUSION Thus, our studies first propose that the natural outgrowth Inoscavin A exerted its anti-cancer effects by inhibiting Smo to suppress the activity of the Hh pathway though inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. These findings further indicate that Inoscavin A will be expected to be a prospective remedical compound for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Qiu
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hang zhou, China
| | - Jingqun Liu
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hang zhou, China
| | - Lisha Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hang zhou 310007, China
| | - Pinghu Zhang
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yang zhou, China
| | - Weike Wang
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hang zhou, China
| | - Dan Shou
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hang zhou 310007, China
| | - Jinjun Ji
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hang zhou, China
| | - Changyu Li
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hang zhou, China
| | - Kequn Chai
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hang zhou 310007, China.
| | - Yu Dong
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hang zhou 310007, China.
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10
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Kubanov AA, Saytburkhanov RR, Plakhova XI, Kondrakhina IN. Non-surgical treatments for basal cell skin cancer. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2021. [DOI: 10.25208/vdv1294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common nonmelanoma skin cancer. It originates from undifferentiated cells in the basal cell layer of the epidermis or from the outer root sheath of the hair follicle. The most important factor in development of basalioma is ultraviolet radiation. Surgery is considered the gold standard of treatment for basal cell cancer. However, nonsurgical options are available for individuals who are unsuitable for surgery. The purpose of this review is to summarize the efficacy and indications of alternative, nonsurgical treatments that can be used in the management of basal cell cancer
Effective nonsurgical treatments include destructive methods (eg, curettage and electrodessication, cryosurgery, laser), photodynamic therapy, topical medications, hedgehog pathway inhibitors. Nonsurgical therapeutic alternatives are safe and effective for the treatment of BCC. Factors such as tumor location, size, and histopathological subtype should be taken into consideration when selecting optimal treatment, cosmetic results and patient preference should be considered too.
To search for the necessary literature, the PubMed, MedLine, Web of Science and RSCI databases were used.
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11
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Liu Y, Zhou F, Ding K, Xue D, Zhu Z, Li C, Li F, Xu Y, Xu F, Le Z, Zhao S, Tao H. Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Hydantoin-Cored Ligands for Smoothened Receptor. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:1028-1032. [PMID: 34648230 PMCID: PMC8515922 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
An underside binding site was recently identified in the transmembrane domain of smoothened receptor (SMO). Herein, we report efforts in the exploration of new insights into the interactions between the ligand and SMO. The hydantoin core in the middle of the parent compound was found to be highly conservative in chirality, ring size, and substituents. On each benzene at two ends, a plethora of variations, particularly halogen substitutions, were introduced and investigated. Analysis of the structure-activity relationship revealed miscellaneous halogen effects. The ligands with double halogen substituents exhibit remarkably enhanced potency, providing promising candidates that potentially overcome the common drug resistance and useful heavy-atom labeled chemical tools for co-crystallization studies of SMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- iHuman InstituteShanghaiTech University393 Middle Huaxia RoadShanghai201210China
| | - Fang Zhou
- iHuman InstituteShanghaiTech University393 Middle Huaxia RoadShanghai201210China
| | - Kang Ding
- iHuman InstituteShanghaiTech University393 Middle Huaxia RoadShanghai201210China
| | - Dongxiang Xue
- iHuman InstituteShanghaiTech University393 Middle Huaxia RoadShanghai201210China
| | - Zhihao Zhu
- Department of ChemistryNanchang University999 Xuefu AvenueNanchang330031China
| | - Cuixia Li
- iHuman InstituteShanghaiTech University393 Middle Huaxia RoadShanghai201210China
- School of Life Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech University393 Middle Huaxia RoadShanghai201210China
| | - Fei Li
- iHuman InstituteShanghaiTech University393 Middle Huaxia RoadShanghai201210China
| | - Yueming Xu
- iHuman InstituteShanghaiTech University393 Middle Huaxia RoadShanghai201210China
| | - Fei Xu
- iHuman InstituteShanghaiTech University393 Middle Huaxia RoadShanghai201210China
- School of Life Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech University393 Middle Huaxia RoadShanghai201210China
| | - Zhiping Le
- Department of ChemistryNanchang University999 Xuefu AvenueNanchang330031China
| | - Suwen Zhao
- iHuman InstituteShanghaiTech University393 Middle Huaxia RoadShanghai201210China
- School of Life Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech University393 Middle Huaxia RoadShanghai201210China
| | - Houchao Tao
- iHuman InstituteShanghaiTech University393 Middle Huaxia RoadShanghai201210China
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12
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Gamal A, Saeed H, El-Ela FIA, Salem HF. Improving the Antitumor Activity and Bioavailability of Sonidegib for the Treatment of Skin Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1560. [PMID: 34683853 PMCID: PMC8537379 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the United States and the world, skin cancer is the most frequent form of cancer. Sonidegib (SNG) is a hedgehog inhibitor that has been used for skin cancer treatment. However, SNG has low bioavailability and is associated with resistance. The focus of this work is to enhance bioavailability, anti-tumor efficacy and targeting of SNG via developing ethosome gel as a potential treatment for skin cancer. SNG-loaded ethosomes formulation was prepared and characterized in vitro by %entrapment efficiency (%EE), vesicle size, morphology, %release and steady-state flux. The results showed that the prepared formulation was spherical nanovesicles with a %EE of 85.4 ± 0.57%, a particle size of 199.53 ± 4.51 nm and a steady-state flux of 5.58 ± 0.08 µg/cm2/h. In addition, SNG-loaded ethosomes formulation was incorporated into carbopol gel to study the anti-tumor efficacy, localization and bioavailability in vivo. Compared with oral SNG, the formulation showed 3.18 times higher relative bioavailability and consequently significant anti-tumor activity. In addition, this formulation showed a higher rate of SNG penetration in the skin's deep layers and passive targeting in tumor cells. Briefly, SNG-loaded ethosome gel can produce desirable therapeutic benefits for treatment of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Gamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 625617, Egypt;
| | - Haitham Saeed
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 625617, Egypt;
| | - Fatma I. Abo El-Ela
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 625617, Egypt;
| | - Heba F. Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 625617, Egypt;
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13
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The Role of the Hedgehog Pathway in Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194774. [PMID: 34638259 PMCID: PMC8507550 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is one of the most refractory malignancies with a high mortality rate. Among all the pathways involved in CCA development, emerging evidence highlights Hedgehog (HH) signaling as a substantial player in CCA-genesis and development. The pro-tumoral function of HH provides potential therapeutic implications, and recently the use of HH inhibitors has paved the way for clinical application in various solid tumors. Targeting HH members, namely Hedgehog ligands, SMO transmembrane protein and GLI transcription factors may thus confer therapeutic options for the improvement of CCA treatment outcome. Abstract Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a poorly treatable type of cancer and, along with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the predominant type of primitive liver cancer in adults. The lack of understanding of CCA biology has slowed down the identification of novel targets and the development of effective treatments. While tumors share some general characteristics, detailed knowledge of specific features is essential for the development of effectively tailored therapeutic approaches. The Hedgehog (HH) signaling cascade regulates stemness biology, embryonal development, tissue homeostasis, and cell proliferation and differentiation. Its aberrant activation has been associated with a variety of solid and hematological human malignancies. Several HH-inhibiting compounds have been indeed developed as potential anticancer agents in different types of tumors, with Smoothened and GLI inhibitors showing the most promising results. Beside its well-established function in other tumors, findings regarding the HH signaling in CCA are still controversial. Here we will give an overview of the most important clinical and molecular features of cholangiocarcinoma, and we will discuss the available evidence of the crosstalk between the HH signaling pathway and the cholangiocarcinoma cell biology.
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14
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Caimano M, Lospinoso Severini L, Loricchio E, Infante P, Di Marcotullio L. Drug Delivery Systems for Hedgehog Inhibitors in the Treatment of SHH-Medulloblastoma. Front Chem 2021; 9:688108. [PMID: 34164380 PMCID: PMC8215655 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.688108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a highly aggressive pediatric tumor of the cerebellum. Hyperactivation of the Hedgehog (HH) pathway is observed in about 30% of all MB diagnoses, thereby bringing out its pharmacological blockade as a promising therapeutic strategy for the clinical management of this malignancy. Two main classes of HH inhibitors have been developed: upstream antagonists of Smoothened (SMO) receptor and downstream inhibitors of GLI transcription factors. Unfortunately, the poor pharmacological properties of many of these molecules have limited their investigation in clinical trials for MB. In this minireview, we focus on the drug delivery systems engineered for SMO and GLI inhibitors as a valuable approach to improve their bioavailability and efficiency to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), one of the main challenges in the treatment of MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Caimano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Elena Loricchio
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Infante
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Di Marcotullio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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15
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Zhong L, Li Y, Xiong L, Wang W, Wu M, Yuan T, Yang W, Tian C, Miao Z, Wang T, Yang S. Small molecules in targeted cancer therapy: advances, challenges, and future perspectives. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:201. [PMID: 34054126 PMCID: PMC8165101 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00572-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 547] [Impact Index Per Article: 182.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the advantages in efficacy and safety compared with traditional chemotherapy drugs, targeted therapeutic drugs have become mainstream cancer treatments. Since the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib was approved to enter the market by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2001, an increasing number of small-molecule targeted drugs have been developed for the treatment of malignancies. By December 2020, 89 small-molecule targeted antitumor drugs have been approved by the US FDA and the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) of China. Despite great progress, small-molecule targeted anti-cancer drugs still face many challenges, such as a low response rate and drug resistance. To better promote the development of targeted anti-cancer drugs, we conducted a comprehensive review of small-molecule targeted anti-cancer drugs according to the target classification. We present all the approved drugs as well as important drug candidates in clinical trials for each target, discuss the current challenges, and provide insights and perspectives for the research and development of anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Li Y, Wang J, Ding H, Huang W, Ding C, Liu H, Tan W, Zhang A. Development of hedgehog pathway inhibitors by epigenetically targeting GLI through BET bromodomain for the treatment of medulloblastoma. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:488-504. [PMID: 33643826 PMCID: PMC7893122 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a common yet highly heterogeneous childhood malignant brain tumor, however, clinically effective molecular targeted therapy is lacking. Modulation of hedgehog (HH) signaling by epigenetically targeting the transcriptional factors GLI through bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) has recently spurred new interest as potential treatment of HH-driven MB. Through screening of current clinical BRD4 inhibitors for their inhibitory potency against glioma-associated oncogene homolog (GLI) protein, the BRD4 inhibitor 2 was selected as the lead for further structural optimization, which led to the identification of compounds 25 and 35 as the high potency HH inhibitors. Mechanism profiling showed that both compounds suppressed HH signaling by interacting with the transcriptional factor GLI, and were equally potent against the clinical resistant mutants and the wild type of smoothened (SMO) receptor with IC50 values around 1 nmol/L. In the resistant MB allograft mice, compound 25 was well tolerated and markedly suppressed tumor growth at both 5 mg/kg (TGI = 83.3%) and 10 mg/kg (TGI = 87.6%) doses. Although further modification is needed to improve the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters, compound 25 represents an efficacious lead compound of GLI inhibitors, possessing optimal safety and tolerance to fight against HH-driven MB.
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Key Words
- BCC, basal cell carcinoma
- BET, bromo and extra C-terminal bromodomain proteins
- BRD4
- BRD4, bromodomain-containing protein 4
- Drug resistance
- GLI
- HH, hedgehog
- HTRF, homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence
- Hedgehog signaling pathway
- MB, medulloblastoma
- Medulloblastoma
- PK, pharmacokinetic
- PTCH, patched
- SAR, structure−activity relationship
- SHH, Sonic hedgehog
- SMO, smoothened
- TGI, tumor growth inhibition
- WNT, wingless
- hERG, human ether-a-go-go-related gene
- i.v., intravenous injection
- p.o., per os
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yalei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huaqian Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjing Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chunyong Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hongchun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 21 50806072 (Hongchun Liu); +86 21 51980039 (Wenfu Tan); +86 21 34204020 (Ao Zhang).
| | - Wenfu Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 21 50806072 (Hongchun Liu); +86 21 51980039 (Wenfu Tan); +86 21 34204020 (Ao Zhang).
| | - Ao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 21 50806072 (Hongchun Liu); +86 21 51980039 (Wenfu Tan); +86 21 34204020 (Ao Zhang).
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17
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Sun C, Zhang D, Luan T, Wang Y, Zhang W, Lin L, Jiang M, Hao Z, Wang Y. Synthesis of 2-methoxybenzamide derivatives and evaluation of their hedgehog signaling pathway inhibition. RSC Adv 2021; 11:22820-22825. [PMID: 35480433 PMCID: PMC9034380 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00732g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant hedgehog (Hh) signaling is implicated in the development of a variety of cancers. Smoothened (Smo) protein is a bottleneck in the Hh signal transduction. The regulation of the Hh signaling pathway to target the Smo receptor is a practical approach for development of anticancer agents. We report herein the design and synthesis of a series of 2-methoxybenzamide derivatives as Hh signaling pathway inhibitors. The pharmacological data demonstrated that compound 21 possessed potent Hh pathway inhibition with a nanomolar IC50 value, and it prevented Shh-induced Smo from entering the primary cilium. Furthermore, mutant Smo was effectively suppressed via compound 21. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of compound 21 against a drug-resistant cell line gave encouraging results. Benzamide analog (21) was identified as a potent hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor that targeted the Smo receptor and blocked Daoy cell proliferation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyu Sun
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Medical College
- Shenyang 110034
- China
| | - Dajun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Medical College
- Shenyang 110034
- China
| | - Tian Luan
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Medical College
- Shenyang 110034
- China
| | - Youbing Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Medical College
- Shenyang 110034
- China
| | - Wenhu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Medical College
- Shenyang 110034
- China
| | - Lin Lin
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Medical College
- Shenyang 110034
- China
| | - Meihua Jiang
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Medical College
- Shenyang 110034
- China
| | - Ziqian Hao
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Medical College
- Shenyang 110034
- China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Medical College
- Shenyang 110034
- China
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18
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Freitas RD, Dias RB, Vidal MTA, Valverde LDF, Gomes Alves Costa R, Damasceno AKA, Sales CBS, Siquara da Rocha LDO, Dos Reis MG, Soares MBP, Coletta RD, Pereira TA, Bezerra DP, Gurgel Rocha CA. Inhibition of CAL27 Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cell by Targeting Hedgehog Pathway With Vismodegib or Itraconazole. Front Oncol 2020; 10:563838. [PMID: 33312948 PMCID: PMC7703359 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.563838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) presents an important challenge for the health systems worldwide. Thus, unraveling the biological mechanisms involved in OSCC pathogenesis is essential to the discovery of new drugs with anticancer potential. The Hedgehog (HH) pathway has shown promising results as a therapeutic target both in vitro and in vivo. This study aimed to investigate the effects of vismodegib and itraconazole on the expression of Hedgehog (HH) genes (PTCH1, SMO, and GLI1), cell cycle and cell death in OSCC cells. Alamar Blue assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity of vismodegib and itraconazole in a panel of oral cancer cell lines, including CAL27. The expression of HH signaling components after treatment with vismodegib and itraconazole, at concentrations of 25 or 50 μg/ml was evaluated by qPCR. Cell cycle and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry after 72 h treatment with 50 μg/ml of vismodegib or itraconazole. HH signaling was activated in OSCC cell lines CAL27, SCC4, SCC9, and HSC3. Vismodegib and itraconazole significantly reduced CAL27 cell viability after 48 h of treatment. Gene expression of PTCH1, SMO, and GLI1 decreased in response to 24 h of treatment with vismodegib or itraconazole. Furthermore, CAL27 cells exhibited alterations in morphology, cell size, and cellular granularity. An increase in the DNA fragmentation was observed after treatment and both inhibitors induced apoptosis after 72 h. In conclusion, SMO inhibitors vismodegib and itraconazole demonstrably reduced the expression of HH genes in CAL27 OSCC cell line. In addition, treatment with vismodegib and itraconazole reduced cellular viability and altered the morphology of CAL27 cells, and also induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raíza Dias Freitas
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil.,Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine of the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Rosane Borges Dias
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil.,Department of Propaedeutics, School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Manuela Torres Andion Vidal
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil.,Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine of the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ludmila de Faro Valverde
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil.,Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine of the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Mitermayer Galvão Dos Reis
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil.,Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine of the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Della Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Thiago Almeida Pereira
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - Clarissa Araújo Gurgel Rocha
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil.,Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine of the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Department of Propaedeutics, School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
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19
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Tschaikner P, Enzler F, Torres-Quesada O, Aanstad P, Stefan E. Hedgehog and Gpr161: Regulating cAMP Signaling in the Primary Cilium. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010118. [PMID: 31947770 PMCID: PMC7017137 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Compartmentalization of diverse types of signaling molecules contributes to the precise coordination of signal propagation. The primary cilium fulfills this function by acting as a spatiotemporally confined sensory signaling platform. For the integrity of ciliary signaling, it is mandatory that the ciliary signaling pathways are constantly attuned by alterations in both oscillating small molecules and the presence or absence of their sensor/effector proteins. In this context, ciliary G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) pathways participate in coordinating the mobilization of the diffusible second messenger molecule 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). cAMP fluxes in the cilium are primarily sensed by protein kinase A (PKA) complexes, which are essential for the basal repression of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Here, we describe the dynamic properties of underlying signaling circuits, as well as strategies for second messenger compartmentalization. As an example, we summarize how receptor-guided cAMP-effector pathways control the off state of Hh signaling. We discuss the evidence that a macromolecular, ciliary-localized signaling complex, composed of the orphan GPCR Gpr161 and type I PKA holoenzymes, is involved in antagonizing Hh functions. Finally, we outline how ciliary cAMP-linked receptor pathways and cAMP-sensing signalosomes may become targets for more efficient combinatory therapy approaches to counteract dysregulation of Hh signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Tschaikner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (P.T.); (F.E.); (O.T.-Q.)
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Florian Enzler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (P.T.); (F.E.); (O.T.-Q.)
| | - Omar Torres-Quesada
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (P.T.); (F.E.); (O.T.-Q.)
| | - Pia Aanstad
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Eduard Stefan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (P.T.); (F.E.); (O.T.-Q.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-512-507-57531; Fax: +43-512-507-57599
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20
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Sun C, Zhang Y, Lin L, Liu S, Wang R, Zang W, Meng W, Chen X. Synthesis and Evaluation of Aminothiazole Derivatives as Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitors. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900431. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiyu Sun
- College of Basic Medical SciencesShenyang Medical College Shenyang 110034 P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Chemical EngineeringShenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 P. R. China
| | - Lin Lin
- College of Basic Medical SciencesShenyang Medical College Shenyang 110034 P. R. China
| | - Shuyuan Liu
- College of Basic Medical SciencesShenyang Medical College Shenyang 110034 P. R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Basic Medical SciencesShenyang Medical College Shenyang 110034 P. R. China
| | - Wei Zang
- College of Basic Medical SciencesShenyang Medical College Shenyang 110034 P. R. China
| | - Weijia Meng
- College of Basic Medical SciencesShenyang Medical College Shenyang 110034 P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- National Research Institute for Family Planning Beijing 100081 P. R. China
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21
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Zhou F, Ding K, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Liu X, Zhao F, Wu Y, Zhang X, Tan Q, Xu F, Tan W, Xiao Y, Zhao S, Tao H. Colocalization Strategy Unveils an Underside Binding Site in the Transmembrane Domain of Smoothened Receptor. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9983-9989. [PMID: 31408335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We unveiled an underside binding site on smoothened receptor (SMO) by a colocalization strategy using two structurally complementary photoaffinity probes derived from a known ligand Allo-1. Docking study and structural dissection identified key interactions within the site, including hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions, and hydrophobic interactions between Allo-1 and its contacting residues. Taken together, our results reveal the molecular base of Allo-1 binding and provide a basis for the design of new-generation ligands to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhou
- iHuman Institute , ShanghaiTech University , Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Road , Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210 , China.,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Building 3, Room 426 , Shanghai 201203 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19A, Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China.,School of Life Science and Technology , ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Kang Ding
- iHuman Institute , ShanghaiTech University , Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Road , Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210 , China.,Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology , Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19A, Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China.,School of Life Science and Technology , ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Yiqing Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology , Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 , China.,School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering , Changshu Institute of Technology , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215500 , China
| | - Yang Liu
- iHuman Institute , ShanghaiTech University , Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Road , Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- iHuman Institute , ShanghaiTech University , Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Road , Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Fei Zhao
- iHuman Institute , ShanghaiTech University , Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Road , Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Yiran Wu
- iHuman Institute , ShanghaiTech University , Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Road , Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Xianjun Zhang
- iHuman Institute , ShanghaiTech University , Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Road , Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19A, Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China.,School of Life Science and Technology , ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210 , China.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031 , China
| | - Qiwen Tan
- iHuman Institute , ShanghaiTech University , Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Road , Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Fei Xu
- iHuman Institute , ShanghaiTech University , Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Road , Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210 , China.,School of Life Science and Technology , ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Wenfu Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Youli Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology , Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19A, Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Suwen Zhao
- iHuman Institute , ShanghaiTech University , Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Road , Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210 , China.,School of Life Science and Technology , ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Houchao Tao
- iHuman Institute , ShanghaiTech University , Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Road , Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210 , China
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22
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Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Scorilas A, Gonçalves AC, Efferth T, Trougakos IP. The emergence of drug resistance to targeted cancer therapies: Clinical evidence. Drug Resist Updat 2019; 47:100646. [PMID: 31733611 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.100646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For many decades classical anti-tumor therapies included chemotherapy, radiation and surgery; however, in the last two decades, following the identification of the genomic drivers and main hallmarks of cancer, the introduction of therapies that target specific tumor-promoting oncogenic or non-oncogenic pathways, has revolutionized cancer therapeutics. Despite the significant progress in cancer therapy, clinical oncologists are often facing the primary impediment of anticancer drug resistance, as many cancer patients display either intrinsic chemoresistance from the very beginning of the therapy or after initial responses and upon repeated drug treatment cycles, acquired drug resistance develops and thus relapse emerges, resulting in increased mortality. Our attempts to understand the molecular basis underlying these drug resistance phenotypes in pre-clinical models and patient specimens revealed the extreme plasticity and adaptive pathways employed by tumor cells, being under sustained stress and extensive genomic/proteomic instability due to the applied therapeutic regimens. Subsequent efforts have yielded more effective inhibitors and combinatorial approaches (e.g. the use of specific pharmacologic inhibitors with immunotherapy) that exhibit synergistic effects against tumor cells, hence enhancing therapeutic indices. Furthermore, new advanced methodologies that allow for the early detection of genetic/epigenetic alterations that lead to drug chemoresistance and prospective validation of biomarkers which identify patients that will benefit from certain drug classes, have started to improve the clinical outcome. This review discusses emerging principles of drug resistance to cancer therapies targeting a wide array of oncogenic kinases, along with hedgehog pathway and the proteasome and apoptotic inducers, as well as epigenetic and metabolic modulators. We further discuss mechanisms of resistance to monoclonal antibodies, immunomodulators and immune checkpoint inhibitors, potential biomarkers of drug response/drug resistance, along with possible new therapeutic avenues for the clinicians to combat devastating drug resistant malignancies. It is foreseen that these topics will be major areas of focused multidisciplinary translational research in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology and University Clinic of Hematology and Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research - Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (iCBR/CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal; Hematology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ana Cristina Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology and University Clinic of Hematology and Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research - Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (iCBR/CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ioannis P Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
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23
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24
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State of the art of Smo antagonists for cancer therapy: advances in the target receptor and new ligand structures. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:617-638. [PMID: 30912670 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the Hedgehog signaling pathway has been associated with cancer, it has emerged as a therapeutic target for cancer therapy. The main target among the key Hedgehog proteins is the GPCR-like Smo receptor. Therefore, some Smo antagonists that have entered clinical trials, including the US FDA-approved drugs vismodegib and sonidegib, to treat basal cell carcinoma and medulloblastoma. However, early resistance of these drugs has spawned the need to understand the molecular bases of this phenomena. We therefore reviewed details about Smo receptor structures and the best Smo antagonist chemical structures. In addition, we discussed strategies that should be considered to develop new, safer generations of Smo antagonists that avoid current clinical limitations.
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25
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Zhu M, Wang H, Wang C, Fang Y, Zhu T, Zhao W, Dong X, Zhang X. L-4, a Well-Tolerated and Orally Active Inhibitor of Hedgehog Pathway, Exhibited Potent Anti-tumor Effects Against Medulloblastoma in vitro and in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:89. [PMID: 30846937 PMCID: PMC6393386 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of aberrant Hedgehog (Hh) pathway had been proved to be a promising therapeutic intervention in cancers like basal cell carcinoma (BCC), medulloblastoma (MB), and so on. Two drugs (Vismodegib, Sonidegib) were approved to treat BCC and more inhibitors are in clinical investigation. However, the adverse effects and drug resistance restricted the use of Hh inhibitors. In the present study, 61 synthesized compounds containing central backbone of phthalazine or dimethylpyridazine were screened as candidates of new Hh signaling inhibitors by performing dual luciferase reporter assay. Among the compounds, L-4 exhibited an IC50 value of 2.33 nM in the Shh-Light II assay. L-4 strongly inhibited the Hh pathway in vitro and blocked the Hh pathway by antagonizing the smoothened receptor (Smo). Remarkably, L-4 could significantly suppress the Hh pathway activity provoked by Smo mutant (D473H) which showed strong resistant properties to existing drugs such as Vismodegib. Orally administered L-4 exhibited prominent dose-dependent anti-tumor efficacy in vivo in Ptch+/-; p53-/- MB allograft model. Furthermore, L-4 showed good tolerance in acute toxicity test using ICR mice. These evidences indicated that L-4 was a potent, well-tolerated, orally active inhibitor of Hedgehog pathway, and might be a promising candidate in development of Hh-targeted anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenglin Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfen Fang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weili Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochun Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiongwen Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Teske KA, Dash RC, Morel SR, Chau LQ, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Hadden MK. Development of posaconazole-based analogues as hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 163:320-332. [PMID: 30529635 PMCID: PMC6358021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has been validated as a therapeutic strategy to treat basal cell carcinoma and holds potential for several other forms of human cancer. Itraconazole and posaconazole are clinically useful triazole anti-fungals that are being repurposed as anti-cancer agents based on their ability to inhibit the Hh pathway. We have previously demonstrated that removal of the triazole from itraconazole does not affect its ability to inhibit the Hh pathway while abolishing its primary side effect, potent inhibition of Cyp3A4. To develop structure-activity relationships for the related posaconazole scaffold, we synthesized and evaluated a series of des-triazole analogues designed through both ligand- and structure-based methods. These compounds demonstrated improved anti-Hh properties compared to posaconazole and enhanced stability without inhibiting Cyp3A4. In addition, we utilized a series of molecular dynamics and binding energy studies to probe specific interactions between the compounds and their proposed binding site on Smoothened. These studies strongly suggest that the tetrahydrofuran region of the scaffold projects out of the binding site and that π-π interactions between the compound and Smoothened play a key role in stabilizing the bound analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Teske
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N Eagleville Rd, Unit 3092, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Radha Charan Dash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N Eagleville Rd, Unit 3092, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Shana R Morel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N Eagleville Rd, Unit 3092, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Lianne Q Chau
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, United States
| | - Robert J Wechsler-Reya
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, United States
| | - M Kyle Hadden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N Eagleville Rd, Unit 3092, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
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27
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Beckmann PJ, Larson JD, Larsson AT, Ostergaard JP, Wagner S, Rahrmann EP, Shamsan GA, Otto GM, Williams RL, Wang J, Lee C, Tschida BR, Das P, Dubuc AM, Moriarity BS, Picard D, Wu X, Rodriguez FJ, Rosemarie Q, Krebs RD, Molan AM, Demer AM, Frees MM, Rizzardi AE, Schmechel SC, Eberhart CG, Jenkins RB, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Odde DJ, Huang A, Taylor MD, Sarver AL, Largaespada DA. Sleeping Beauty Insertional Mutagenesis Reveals Important Genetic Drivers of Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumors. Cancer Res 2019; 79:905-917. [PMID: 30674530 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma and central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumors (CNS-PNET) are aggressive, poorly differentiated brain tumors with limited effective therapies. Using Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon mutagenesis, we identified novel genetic drivers of medulloblastoma and CNS-PNET. Cross-species gene expression analyses classified SB-driven tumors into distinct medulloblastoma and CNS-PNET subgroups, indicating they resemble human Sonic hedgehog and group 3 and 4 medulloblastoma and CNS neuroblastoma with FOXR2 activation. This represents the first genetically induced mouse model of CNS-PNET and a rare model of group 3 and 4 medulloblastoma. We identified several putative proto-oncogenes including Arhgap36, Megf10, and Foxr2. Genetic manipulation of these genes demonstrated a robust impact on tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. We also determined that FOXR2 interacts with N-MYC, increases C-MYC protein stability, and activates FAK/SRC signaling. Altogether, our study identified several promising therapeutic targets in medulloblastoma and CNS-PNET. SIGNIFICANCE: A transposon-induced mouse model identifies several novel genetic drivers and potential therapeutic targets in medulloblastoma and CNS-PNET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline J Beckmann
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jon D Larson
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Alex T Larsson
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jason P Ostergaard
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sandra Wagner
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Eric P Rahrmann
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom
| | - Ghaidan A Shamsan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - George M Otto
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Rory L Williams
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Jun Wang
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Catherine Lee
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Barbara R Tschida
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Paramita Das
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Adrian M Dubuc
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Branden S Moriarity
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Daniel Picard
- Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Xiaochong Wu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Quincy Rosemarie
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ryan D Krebs
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Amy M Molan
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Addison M Demer
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michelle M Frees
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Anthony E Rizzardi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Stephen C Schmechel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Sarasota, Florida
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Department of Pathology, Ophthalmology and Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert B Jenkins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Robert J Wechsler-Reya
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - David J Odde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Annie Huang
- Division of Hematology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Division of Neurosurgery, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron L Sarver
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - David A Largaespada
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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Nishimura Y, Kasahara K, Shiromizu T, Watanabe M, Inagaki M. Primary Cilia as Signaling Hubs in Health and Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801138. [PMID: 30643718 PMCID: PMC6325590 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia detect extracellular cues and transduce these signals into cells to regulate proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Here, the function of primary cilia as signaling hubs of growth factors and morphogens is in focus. First, the molecular mechanisms regulating the assembly and disassembly of primary cilia are described. Then, the role of primary cilia in mediating growth factor and morphogen signaling to maintain human health and the potential mechanisms by which defects in these pathways contribute to human diseases, such as ciliopathy, obesity, and cancer are described. Furthermore, a novel signaling pathway by which certain growth factors stimulate cell proliferation through suppression of ciliogenesis is also described, suggesting novel therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Integrative PharmacologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuMie514‐8507Japan
| | - Kousuke Kasahara
- Department of PhysiologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuMie514‐8507Japan
| | - Takashi Shiromizu
- Department of Integrative PharmacologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuMie514‐8507Japan
| | - Masatoshi Watanabe
- Department of Oncologic PathologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuMie514‐8507Japan
| | - Masaki Inagaki
- Department of PhysiologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuMie514‐8507Japan
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29
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Rodriguez-Blanco J, Li B, Long J, Shen C, Yang F, Orton D, Collins S, Kasahara N, Ayad NG, McCrea HJ, Roussel MF, Weiss WA, Capobianco AJ, Robbins DJ. A CK1α Activator Penetrates the Brain and Shows Efficacy Against Drug-resistant Metastatic Medulloblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:1379-1388. [PMID: 30487124 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although most children with medulloblastoma are cured of their disease, Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) subgroup medulloblastoma driven by TRP53 mutations is essentially lethal. Casein kinase 1α (CK1α) phosphorylates and destabilizes GLI transcription factors, thereby inhibiting the key effectors of SHH signaling. We therefore tested a second-generation CK1α activator against TRP53-mutant, MYCN-amplified medulloblastoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The ability of this CK1α activator to block SHH signaling was determined in vitro using GLI reporter cells, granular precursor primary cultures, and PATCHED1 (PTCH1)-mutant sphere cultures. While in vivo efficacy was tested using 2 different medulloblastoma mouse models: PTCH1 and ND2:SMOA1. Finally, the clinical relevance of CK1α activators was demonstrated using a TRP53-mutant, MYCN-amplified patient-derived xenograft. RESULTS SSTC3 inhibited SHH activity in vitro, acting downstream of the vismodegib target SMOOTHENED (SMO), and reduced the viability of sphere cultures derived from SHH medulloblastoma. SSTC3 accumulated in the brain, inhibited growth of SHH medulloblastoma tumors, and blocked metastases in a genetically engineered vismodegib-resistant mouse model of SHH medulloblastoma. Importantly, SSTC3 attenuated growth and metastasis of orthotopic patient-derived TRP53-mutant, MYCN-amplified, SHH subgroup medulloblastoma xenografts, increasing overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Using a newly described small-molecule, SSTC3, we show that CK1a activators could address a significant unmet clinical need for patients with SMO inhibitor-resistant medulloblastoma, including those harboring mutations in TRP53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jezabel Rodriguez-Blanco
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Bin Li
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jun Long
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Chen Shen
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Fan Yang
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Sara Collins
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Noriyuki Kasahara
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Florida
| | - Nagi G Ayad
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Florida.,Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Heather J McCrea
- Department of Clinical Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Florida
| | - Martine F Roussel
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital (SJCRH), Memphis, Tennessee
| | - William A Weiss
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Anthony J Capobianco
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Florida
| | - David J Robbins
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. .,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Florida
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30
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Bariwal J, Kumar V, Dong Y, Mahato RI. Design of Hedgehog pathway inhibitors for cancer treatment. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:1137-1204. [PMID: 30484872 DOI: 10.1002/med.21555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is involved in the initiation and progression of various cancers and is essential for embryonic and postnatal development. This pathway remains in the quiescent state in adult tissues but gets activated upon inflammation and injuries. Inhibition of Hh signaling pathway using natural and synthetic compounds has provided an attractive approach for treating cancer and inflammatory diseases. While the majority of Hh pathway inhibitors target the transmembrane protein Smoothened (SMO), some small molecules that target the signaling cascade downstream of SMO are of particular interest. Substantial efforts are being made to develop new molecules targeting various components of the Hh signaling pathway. Here, we have discussed the discovery of small molecules as Hh inhibitors from the diverse chemical background. Also, some of the recently identified natural products have been included as a separate section. Extensive structure-activity relationship (SAR) of each chemical class is the focus of this review. Also, clinically advanced molecules are discussed from the last 5 to 7 years. Nanomedicine-based delivery approaches for Hh pathway inhibitors are also discussed concisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Bariwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Virender Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Yuxiang Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Ram I Mahato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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31
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Ghirga F, Mori M, Infante P. Current trends in Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibition by small molecules. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3131-3140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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32
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Holy P, Kloudova A, Soucek P. Importance of genetic background of oxysterol signaling in cancer. Biochimie 2018; 153:109-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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33
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Synergistic inhibition of the Hedgehog pathway by newly designed Smo and Gli antagonists bearing the isoflavone scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 156:554-562. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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