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Kuril AK, Saravanan K, Subbappa PK. Analytical considerations for characterization of generic peptide product: A regulatory insight. Anal Biochem 2024; 694:115633. [PMID: 39089363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
The Peptide therapeutics market was evaluated to be around USD 45.67 BN in 2023 and is projected to witness massive growth at a CAGR of around 5.63 % from 2024 to 2032 (USD 80.4 BN). Generic peptides are expected to reach USD 27.1 billion by 2032 after the patent monopoly of the pioneer peptides expires, and generic peptides become accessible. The generic manufacturers are venturing into peptide-based therapeutics for the aforementioned reasons. There is an abundance of material accessible regarding the characterization of peptides, which can be quite confusing for researchers. The FDA believes that an ANDA applicant may now demonstrate that the active component in a proposed generic synthetic peptide drug product is the "same" as the active ingredient in a peptide of rDNA origin that has previously been approved. To ensure the efficacy, safety, and quality of peptide therapies during development, regulatory bodies demand comprehensive characterization utilizing several orthogonal methodologies. This article elaborates the peptide characterization by segmenting into different segments as per the critical quality attribute from identification of the peptide to the physicochemical property of the peptide therapeutics which will be required to demonstrate the sameness with reference product based on the size of the peptide chain and molecular weight of the peptides. Article insights briefly on each individual technique and the orthogonal techniques for each test were explained. The impurities requirements in the generic peptides as per the regulatory requirement were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K Saravanan
- Bhagwant University, Sikar Road, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
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2
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Resina L, Esteves T, Pérez-Rafael S, García JIH, Ferreira FC, Tzanov T, Bonardd S, Díaz DD, Pérez-Madrigal MM, Alemán C. Dual electro-/pH-responsive nanoparticle/hydrogel system for controlled delivery of anticancer peptide. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 162:213925. [PMID: 38908101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
An electro-chemo-responsive carrier has been engineered for the controlled release of a highly hydrophilic anticancer peptide, CR(NMe)EKA (Cys-Arg- N-methyl-Glu-Lys-Ala). Remotely controlled on demand release of CR(NMe)EKA, loaded in electro-responsive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanoparticles, has been achieved by applying electrical stimuli consisting of constant positive (+0.50 V) or negative voltages (-0.50 V) at pre-defined time intervals. In addition, after loading CR(NMe)EKA/PEDOT nanoparticles into an injectable pH responsive hydrogel formed by phenylboronic acid grafted to chitosan (PBA-CS), the efficiency of the controlled peptide release has increased approximately by a factor of 2.6. The hydration ratio of such hydrogel is significantly lower in acidic environments than in neutral and basic media, which has been attributed to the dissociation of the boronate bonds between polymer chains. Hence, the electro-controlled peptide release from PBA-CS/CR(NMe)EKA/PEDOT hydrogels, in the acidic environment of tumors, combines the effects of the oxidation and reduction of PEDOT chains on the interactions with the peptide and the carrier, with the peptide concentration gradient at the interface between the collapsed hydrogel and the release medium. Furthermore, the peptide released by electro-stimulation preserved its bioactivity assessed by promoting human prostate cancer cells death. Overall, this work is a promising attempt to develop a carrier platform for small hydrophilic anticancer peptides, which delivery rationale is synergistically regulated by the electrical and pH responsiveness of the carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Resina
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química and Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico - Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa Esteves
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico - Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Pérez-Rafael
- Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, Terrassa 08222, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Hernández García
- Departmento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico - Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tzanko Tzanov
- Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, Terrassa 08222, Spain
| | - Sebastian Bonardd
- Departmento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife, Spain
| | - David Díaz Díaz
- Departmento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Maria M Pérez-Madrigal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química and Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química and Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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3
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Li X, Zhou H, Lu P, Fang Z, Shi G, Tong X, Chen W, Jiang G, Zhang P, Tian J, Li Q. miPEP31 alleviates Ang II-induced hypertension in mice by occupying Cebpα binding sites in the pri-miR-31 promoter. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:249. [PMID: 38992718 PMCID: PMC11241881 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that peptides encoded by noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) can be used as peptide drugs to alleviate diseases. We found that microRNA-31 (miR-31) is involved in the regulation of hypertension and that the peptide miPEP31, which is encoded by the primary transcript of miR-31 (pri-miR-31), can inhibit miR-31 expression. However, the role and mechanism of miPEP31 in hypertension have not been elucidated. METHODS miPEP31 expression was determined by western blot analysis. miPEP31-deficient mice (miPEP31-/-) were used, and synthetic miPEP31 was injected into Ang II-induced hypertensive mice. Blood pressure was monitored through the tail-cuff method. Histological staining was used to evaluate renal damage. Regulatory T (Treg) cells were assessed by flow cytometry. Differentially expressed genes were analysed through RNA sequencing. The transcription factors were predicted by JASPAR. Luciferase reporter and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) were used to determine the effect of pri-miR-31 on the promoter activity of miPEP31. Images were taken to track the entry of miPEP31 into the cell. RESULTS miPEP31 is endogenously expressed in target organs and cells related to hypertension. miPEP31 deficiency exacerbated but exogenous miPEP31 administration mitigated the Ang II-induced systolic blood pressure (SBP) elevation, renal impairment and Treg cell decreases in the kidney. Moreover, miPEP31 deletion increased the expression of genes related to Ang II-induced renal fibrosis. miPEP31 inhibited the transcription of miR-31 and promoted Treg differentiation by occupying the Cebpα binding site. The minimal functional domain of miPEP31 was identified and shown to regulate miR-31. CONCLUSION miPEP31 was identified as a potential therapeutic peptide for treating hypertension by promoting Treg cell differentiation in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that miPEP31 acted as a transcriptional repressor to specifically inhibit miR-31 transcription by competitively occupying the Cebpα binding site in the pri-miR-31 promoter. Our study highlights the significant therapeutic effect of miPEP31 on hypertension and provides novel insight into the role and mechanism of miPEPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiao Li
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension,, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Pengfei Lu
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zilong Fang
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension,, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Guangzheng Shi
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension,, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xinran Tong
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension,, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wendong Chen
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension,, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Gonghao Jiang
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension,, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Peili Zhang
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension,, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jingyan Tian
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital,, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Clinical Trials Center, Ruijin Hospital,, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qun Li
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension,, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Feijoo-Coronel ML, Mendes B, Ramírez D, Peña-Varas C, de los Monteros-Silva NQE, Proaño-Bolaños C, de Oliveira LC, Lívio DF, da Silva JA, da Silva JMSF, Pereira MGAG, Rodrigues MQRB, Teixeira MM, Granjeiro PA, Patel K, Vaiyapuri S, Almeida JR. Antibacterial and Antiviral Properties of Chenopodin-Derived Synthetic Peptides. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:78. [PMID: 38247637 PMCID: PMC10812719 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides have been developed based on plant-derived molecular scaffolds for the treatment of infectious diseases. Chenopodin is an abundant seed storage protein in quinoa, an Andean plant with high nutritional and therapeutic properties. Here, we used computer- and physicochemical-based strategies and designed four peptides derived from the primary structure of Chenopodin. Two peptides reproduce natural fragments of 14 amino acids from Chenopodin, named Chen1 and Chen2, and two engineered peptides of the same length were designed based on the Chen1 sequence. The two amino acids of Chen1 containing amide side chains were replaced by arginine (ChenR) or tryptophan (ChenW) to generate engineered cationic and hydrophobic peptides. The evaluation of these 14-mer peptides on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli showed that Chen1 does not have antibacterial activity up to 512 µM against these strains, while other peptides exhibited antibacterial effects at lower concentrations. The chemical substitutions of glutamine and asparagine by amino acids with cationic or aromatic side chains significantly favoured their antibacterial effects. These peptides did not show significant hemolytic activity. The fluorescence microscopy analysis highlighted the membranolytic nature of Chenopodin-derived peptides. Using molecular dynamic simulations, we found that a pore is formed when multiple peptides are assembled in the membrane. Whereas, some of them form secondary structures when interacting with the membrane, allowing water translocations during the simulations. Finally, Chen2 and ChenR significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 infection. These findings demonstrate that Chenopodin is a highly useful template for the design, engineering, and manufacturing of non-toxic, antibacterial, and antiviral peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia L. Feijoo-Coronel
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 7 Via Muyuna, Tena 150101, Ecuador
| | - Bruno Mendes
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 7 Via Muyuna, Tena 150101, Ecuador
| | - David Ramírez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Carlos Peña-Varas
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | | | - Carolina Proaño-Bolaños
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 7 Via Muyuna, Tena 150101, Ecuador
| | - Leonardo Camilo de Oliveira
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Diego Fernandes Lívio
- Campus Centro Oeste, Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Filho, n 400, Chanadour, Divinópolis 35501-296, Brazil
| | - José Antônio da Silva
- Campus Centro Oeste, Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Filho, n 400, Chanadour, Divinópolis 35501-296, Brazil
| | - José Maurício S. F. da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biomédicas, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Sala E209, Alfenas 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Marília Gabriella A. G. Pereira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biomédicas, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Sala E209, Alfenas 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Marina Q. R. B. Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biomédicas, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Sala E209, Alfenas 37130-001, Brazil
- Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Campus Dom Bosco, Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Praça Dom Helvécio, 74, Fábricas, São João del-Rei 36301-160, Brazil
| | - Mauro M. Teixeira
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Paulo Afonso Granjeiro
- Campus Centro Oeste, Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Filho, n 400, Chanadour, Divinópolis 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, UK
| | | | - José R. Almeida
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 7 Via Muyuna, Tena 150101, Ecuador
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, UK
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Raza A, Uddin J, Almuhaimeed A, Akbar S, Zou Q, Ahmad A. AIPs-SnTCN: Predicting Anti-Inflammatory Peptides Using fastText and Transformer Encoder-Based Hybrid Word Embedding with Self-Normalized Temporal Convolutional Networks. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:6537-6554. [PMID: 37905969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a biologically resistant response to harmful stimuli, such as infection, damaged cells, toxic chemicals, or tissue injuries. Its purpose is to eradicate pathogenic micro-organisms or irritants and facilitate tissue repair. Prolonged inflammation can result in chronic inflammatory diseases. However, wet-laboratory-based treatments are costly and time-consuming and may have adverse side effects on normal cells. In the past decade, peptide therapeutics have gained significant attention due to their high specificity in targeting affected cells without affecting healthy cells. Motivated by the significance of peptide-based therapies, we developed a highly discriminative prediction model called AIPs-SnTCN to predict anti-inflammatory peptides accurately. The peptide samples are encoded using word embedding techniques such as skip-gram and attention-based bidirectional encoder representation using a transformer (BERT). The conjoint triad feature (CTF) also collects structure-based cluster profile features. The fused vector of word embedding and sequential features is formed to compensate for the limitations of single encoding methods. Support vector machine-based recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) is applied to choose the ranking-based optimal space. The optimized feature space is trained by using an improved self-normalized temporal convolutional network (SnTCN). The AIPs-SnTCN model achieved a predictive accuracy of 95.86% and an AUC of 0.97 by using training samples. In the case of the alternate training data set, our model obtained an accuracy of 92.04% and an AUC of 0.96. The proposed AIPs-SnTCN model outperformed existing models with an ∼19% higher accuracy and an ∼14% higher AUC value. The reliability and efficacy of our AIPs-SnTCN model make it a valuable tool for scientists and may play a beneficial role in pharmaceutical design and research academia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- Department of Physical and Numerical Sciences, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25124, Pakistan
- Department of Computer Science, MY University, Islamabad 45750, Pakistan
| | - Jamal Uddin
- Department of Physical and Numerical Sciences, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25124, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Almuhaimeed
- Digital Health Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Akbar
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Department of Computer Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan
| | - Quan Zou
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou 324000, PR China
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- Department of Computer Science, MY University, Islamabad 45750, Pakistan
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6
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Shin MK, Hwang IW, Jang BY, Bu KB, Yoo JS, Sung JS. In silico identification of novel antimicrobial peptides from the venom gland transcriptome of the spider Argiope bruennichi (Scopoli, 1772). Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1249175. [PMID: 37577428 PMCID: PMC10416796 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1249175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As the emergence and prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains have resulted in a global crisis, there is an urgent need for new antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) exhibit inhibitory activity against a wide spectrum of pathogens and can be utilized as an alternative to conventional antibiotics. In this study, two novel AMPs were identified from the venom transcriptome of the spider Argiope bruennichi (Scopoli, 1772) using in silico methods, and their antimicrobial activity was experimentally validated. Aranetoxin-Ab2a (AATX-Ab2a) and Aranetoxin-Ab3a (AATX-Ab3a) were identified by homology analysis and were predicted to have high levels of antimicrobial activity based on in silico analysis. Both peptides were found to have antibacterial effect against Gram-positive and -negative strains, and, in particular, showed significant inhibitory activity against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. In addition, AATX-Ab2a and AATX-Ab3a inhibited animal and vegetable fungal strains, while showing low toxicity to normal human cells. The antimicrobial activity of the peptides was attributed to the increased permeability of microbial membranes. The study described the discovery of novel antibiotic candidates, AATX-Ab2a and AATX-Ab3a, using the spider venom gland transcriptome, and validated an in silico-based method for identifying functional substances from biological resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyoung Shin
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Wook Hwang
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Young Jang
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Bin Bu
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sun Yoo
- Species Diversity Research Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Suk Sung
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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7
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McCarthy D, Han Y, Carrick K, Schmidt D, Workman W, Matejtschuk P, Duru C, Atouf F. Reference Standards to Support Quality of Synthetic Peptide Therapeutics. Pharm Res 2023; 40:1317-1328. [PMID: 36949371 PMCID: PMC10338602 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03493-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Peptides are an important class of therapeutics. Their quality is evaluated using a series of analytical tests, many of which depend on well-characterized reference standards to determine identity, purity, and strength. OBJECTIVE Discuss approaches to producing peptide reference standards, including vialing, lyophilization, analytical testing and stability studies. METHODS Case studies are used to illustrate analytical approaches to characterize reference standards, including methods for value assignment, content uniformity, and identity testing. Methods described include NMR, mass spectrometry, and chromatography techniques for identity testing and HPLC and GC methods for assessing peptide content and impurities. RESULTS This report describes the analytical strategy used to establish peptide reference standard and illustrates how results from multiple labs are integrated to assign a value to the final lyophilized vial. A two-step process for value assignment is described, which uses a mass balance approach to assign a quantitative value to a bulk peptide material. The bulk material is then used as a standard to assign a final value to the vialed material. Testing to confirm peptide identity and to ensure consistency of the vialed material is also described. Considerations for addressing variability, identifying outliers, and implementing stability studies are also presented. CONCLUSION The methods and case studies described provide a benchmark for best practices in establishing the preparation, analytical testing, handling, and storage of peptide reference standards for the pharmaceutical industry. Some peptide features, such as chiral or isobaric amino acids, may require additional techniques to ensure a full characterization of the peptide reference standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane McCarthy
- Global Biologics, United States Pharmacopeial Convention, 12601 Twinbrook Pkwy, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Ying Han
- Global Biologics, United States Pharmacopeial Convention, 12601 Twinbrook Pkwy, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Kevin Carrick
- Global Biologics, United States Pharmacopeial Convention, 12601 Twinbrook Pkwy, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Dale Schmidt
- Global Biologics, United States Pharmacopeial Convention, 12601 Twinbrook Pkwy, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Wesley Workman
- Workman Biotech Consultants, LLC, Cottleville, MO, 63304, USA
| | - Paul Matejtschuk
- Analytical & Biological Sciences, Medicines & Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Chinwe Duru
- Analytical & Biological Sciences, Medicines & Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Fouad Atouf
- Global Biologics, United States Pharmacopeial Convention, 12601 Twinbrook Pkwy, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA.
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8
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Barman P, Joshi S, Sharma S, Preet S, Sharma S, Saini A. Strategic Approaches to Improvise Peptide Drugs as Next Generation Therapeutics. Int J Pept Res Ther 2023; 29:61. [PMID: 37251528 PMCID: PMC10206374 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-023-10524-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the occurrence of a wide variety of drug-resistant diseases has led to an increase in interest in alternate therapies. Peptide-based drugs as an alternate therapy hold researchers' attention in various therapeutic fields such as neurology, dermatology, oncology, metabolic diseases, etc. Previously, they had been overlooked by pharmaceutical companies due to certain limitations such as proteolytic degradation, poor membrane permeability, low oral bioavailability, shorter half-life, and poor target specificity. Over the last two decades, these limitations have been countered by introducing various modification strategies such as backbone and side-chain modifications, amino acid substitution, etc. which improve their functionality. This has led to a substantial interest of researchers and pharmaceutical companies, moving the next generation of these therapeutics from fundamental research to the market. Various chemical and computational approaches are aiding the production of more stable and long-lasting peptides guiding the formulation of novel and advanced therapeutic agents. However, there is not a single article that talks about various peptide design approaches i.e., in-silico and in-vitro along with their applications and strategies to improve their efficacy. In this review, we try to bring different aspects of peptide-based therapeutics under one article with a clear focus to cover the missing links in the literature. This review draws emphasis on various in-silico approaches and modification-based peptide design strategies. It also highlights the recent progress made in peptide delivery methods important for their enhanced clinical efficacy. The article would provide a bird's-eye view to researchers aiming to develop peptides with therapeutic applications. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Panchali Barman
- Institute of Forensic Science and Criminology (UIEAST), Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Shubhi Joshi
- Energy Research Centre, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Sheetal Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, U.T 160014 India
| | - Simran Preet
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, U.T 160014 India
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Institute of Forensic Science and Criminology (UIEAST), Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Avneet Saini
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, U.T 160014 India
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9
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Luo X, Chen H, Song Y, Qin Z, Xu L, He N, Tan Y, Dessie W. Advancements, challenges and future perspectives on peptide-based drugs: Focus on antimicrobial peptides. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 181:106363. [PMID: 36529161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Among other health related issues, the rising concerns on drug resistance led to look for alternative pharmaceutical drugs that are effective both against infectious and noninfectious diseases. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) emerged as potential therapeutic molecule with wide range of applications. With their limitations, AMPs have gained reputable attentions in research as well as in the pharmaceutical industry. This review highlighted the historical background, research trends, technological advancements, challenges, and future perspectives in the development and applications of peptide drugs. Some vital questions related with the need for pharmaceutical production, factors for the slow and steady journey, the importance of oral bioavailability, and the drug resistance possibilities of AMPs were raised and addressed accordingly. Therefore, the current study is believed to provide a profound understanding in the past and current scenarios and future directions on the therapeutic impacts of peptide drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, 425199 Yongzhou, China
| | - Huifang Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, 425199 Yongzhou, China
| | - Yannan Song
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, 425199 Yongzhou, China
| | - Zuodong Qin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, 425199 Yongzhou, China
| | - Lijian Xu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Nongyue He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Yimin Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China.
| | - Wubliker Dessie
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, 425199 Yongzhou, China.
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10
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Tang Y, Arbaugh B, Park H, Scher HB, Bai L, Mao L, Jeoh T. Targeting enteric release of therapeutic peptides by encapsulation in complex coacervated matrix microparticles by spray drying. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Pathade V, Nene S, Ratnam S, Khatri DK, Raghuvanshi RS, Singh SB, Srivastava S. Emerging insights of peptide-based nanotherapeutics for effective management of rheumatoid arthritis. Life Sci 2022; 312:121257. [PMID: 36462722 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, prevalent, immune-mediated, inflammatory, joint disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. Despite current treatment options, many patients remain unable to achieve remission and suffer from comorbidities. Because of several comorbidities as well as its chronic nature, it diminishes the quality of patients' life and intensifies socioeconomic cargo. Consolidating peptides with immensely effective drug delivery systems has the ability to alleviate adverse effects associated with conventional treatments. Peptides are widely used as targeting moieties for the delivery of nanotherapeutics. The use of novel peptide-based nanotherapeutics may open up new avenues for improving efficacy by promoting drug accumulation in inflamed joints and reducing off-target cytotoxicity. Peptide therapeutics have grabbed significant attention due to their advantages over small drug molecules as well as complex targeting moieties. In light of this, the market for peptide-based medications is growing exponentially. Peptides can provide the versatility required for the successful delivery of drugs due to their structural diversity and their capability to lead drugs at the site of inflammation while maintaining optimum therapeutic efficacy. This comprehensive review aims to provide an enhanced understanding of recent advancements in the arena of peptide-based nanotherapeutics to strengthen targeted delivery for the effective management of rheumatoid arthritis. Additionally, various peptides having therapeutic roles in rheumatoid arthritis are summarized along with regulatory considerations for peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrushali Pathade
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Shweta Nene
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Shreya Ratnam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajeev Singh Raghuvanshi
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
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12
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Fox T, Bieler M, Haebel P, Ochoa R, Peters S, Weber A. BILN: A Human-Readable Line Notation for Complex Peptides. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:3942-3947. [PMID: 35984937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present an easy, human-readable line notation to describe even complex peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fox
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397 Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - Michael Bieler
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397 Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - Peter Haebel
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397 Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Ochoa
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397 Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - Stefan Peters
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397 Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - Alexander Weber
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397 Biberach/Riss, Germany
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13
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Czechtizky W, Su W, Ripa L, Schiesser S, Höijer A, Cox RJ. Advances in the design of new types of inhaled medicines. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2022; 61:93-162. [PMID: 35753716 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmch.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation of small molecule drugs has proven very efficacious for the treatment of respiratory diseases due to enhanced efficacy and a favourable therapeutic index compared with other dosing routes. It enables targeted delivery to the lung with rapid onset of therapeutic action, low systemic drug exposure, and thereby reduced systemic side effects. An increasing number of pharmaceutical companies and biotechs are investing in new modalities-for this review defined as therapeutic molecules with a molecular weight >800Da and therefore beyond usual inhaled small molecule drug-like space. However, our experience with inhaled administration of PROTACs, peptides, oligonucleotides (antisense oligonucleotides, siRNAs, miRs and antagomirs), diverse protein scaffolds, antibodies and antibody fragments is still limited. Investigating the retention and metabolism of these types of molecules in lung tissue and fluid will contribute to understanding which are best suited for inhalation. Nonetheless, the first such therapeutic molecules have already reached the clinic. This review will provide information on the physiology of healthy and diseased lungs and their capacity for drug metabolism. It will outline the stability, aggregation and immunogenicity aspects of new modalities, as well as recap on formulation and delivery aspects. It concludes by summarising clinical trial outcomes with inhaled new modalities based on information available at the end of 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werngard Czechtizky
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Wu Su
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Lena Ripa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Stefan Schiesser
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Andreas Höijer
- Cardiovascular, Renal & Metabolism CMC Projects, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rhona J Cox
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal & Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
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14
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Traditional and Computational Screening of Non-Toxic Peptides and Approaches to Improving Selectivity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030323. [PMID: 35337121 PMCID: PMC8953747 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides have positively impacted the pharmaceutical industry as drugs, biomarkers, or diagnostic tools of high therapeutic value. However, only a handful have progressed to the market. Toxicity is one of the main obstacles to translating peptides into clinics. Hemolysis or hemotoxicity, the principal source of toxicity, is a natural or disease-induced event leading to the death of vital red blood cells. Initial screenings for toxicity have been widely evaluated using erythrocytes as the gold standard. More recently, many online databases filled with peptide sequences and their biological meta-data have paved the way toward hemolysis prediction using user-friendly, fast-access machine learning-driven programs. This review details the growing contributions of in silico approaches developed in the last decade for the large-scale prediction of erythrocyte lysis induced by peptides. After an overview of the pharmaceutical landscape of peptide therapeutics, we highlighted the relevance of early hemolysis studies in drug development. We emphasized the computational models and algorithms used to this end in light of historical and recent findings in this promising field. We benchmarked seven predictors using peptides from different data sets, having 7–35 amino acids in length. According to our predictions, the models have scored an accuracy over 50.42% and a minimal Matthew’s correlation coefficient over 0.11. The maximum values for these statistical parameters achieved 100.0% and 1.00, respectively. Finally, strategies for optimizing peptide selectivity were described, as well as prospects for future investigations. The development of in silico predictive approaches to peptide toxicity has just started, but their important contributions clearly demonstrate their potential for peptide science and computer-aided drug design. Methodology refinement and increasing use will motivate the timely and accurate in silico identification of selective, non-toxic peptide therapeutics.
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15
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Kung CP, Weber JD. It’s Getting Complicated—A Fresh Look at p53-MDM2-ARF Triangle in Tumorigenesis and Cancer Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:818744. [PMID: 35155432 PMCID: PMC8833255 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.818744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-tumorigenic mechanisms mediated by the tumor suppressor p53, upon oncogenic stresses, are our bodies’ greatest weapons to battle against cancer onset and development. Consequently, factors that possess significant p53-regulating activities have been subjects of serious interest from the cancer research community. Among them, MDM2 and ARF are considered the most influential p53 regulators due to their abilities to inhibit and activate p53 functions, respectively. MDM2 inhibits p53 by promoting ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of p53, while ARF activates p53 by physically interacting with MDM2 to block its access to p53. This conventional understanding of p53-MDM2-ARF functional triangle have guided the direction of p53 research, as well as the development of p53-based therapeutic strategies for the last 30 years. Our increasing knowledge of this triangle during this time, especially through identification of p53-independent functions of MDM2 and ARF, have uncovered many under-appreciated molecular mechanisms connecting these three proteins. Through recognizing both antagonizing and synergizing relationships among them, our consideration for harnessing these relationships to develop effective cancer therapies needs an update accordingly. In this review, we will re-visit the conventional wisdom regarding p53-MDM2-ARF tumor-regulating mechanisms, highlight impactful studies contributing to the modern look of their relationships, and summarize ongoing efforts to target this pathway for effective cancer treatments. A refreshed appreciation of p53-MDM2-ARF network can bring innovative approaches to develop new generations of genetically-informed and clinically-effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Pei Kung
- ICCE Institute, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Che-Pei Kung, ; Jason D. Weber,
| | - Jason D. Weber
- ICCE Institute, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Che-Pei Kung, ; Jason D. Weber,
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16
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Berillo D, Yeskendir A, Zharkinbekov Z, Raziyeva K, Saparov A. Peptide-Based Drug Delivery Systems. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:medicina57111209. [PMID: 34833427 PMCID: PMC8617776 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57111209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peptide-based drug delivery systems have many advantages when compared to synthetic systems in that they have better biocompatibility, biochemical and biophysical properties, lack of toxicity, controlled molecular weight via solid phase synthesis and purification. Lysosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, polymeric micelles can be applied by intravenous administration, however they are of artificial nature and thus may induce side effects and possess lack of ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. An analysis of nontoxic drug delivery systems and an establishment of prospective trends in the development of drug delivery systems was needed. This review paper summarizes data, mainly from the past 5 years, devoted to the use of peptide-based carriers for delivery of various toxic drugs, mostly anticancer or drugs with limiting bioavailability. Peptide-based drug delivery platforms are utilized as peptide–drug conjugates, injectable biodegradable particles and depots for delivering small molecule pharmaceutical substances (500 Da) and therapeutic proteins. Controlled drug delivery systems that can effectively deliver anticancer and peptide-based drugs leading to accelerated recovery without significant side effects are discussed. Moreover, cell penetrating peptides and their molecular mechanisms as targeting peptides, as well as stimuli responsive (enzyme-responsive and pH-responsive) peptides and peptide-based self-assembly scaffolds are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Berillo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Pharmacognosy and Botany School of Pharmacy, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Adilkhan Yeskendir
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.Y.); (Z.Z.); (K.R.)
| | - Zharylkasyn Zharkinbekov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.Y.); (Z.Z.); (K.R.)
| | - Kamila Raziyeva
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.Y.); (Z.Z.); (K.R.)
| | - Arman Saparov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (A.Y.); (Z.Z.); (K.R.)
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (A.S.)
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17
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Kašička V. Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2019-mid 2021). Electrophoresis 2021; 43:82-108. [PMID: 34632606 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The review provides a comprehensive overview of developments and applications of high performance capillary and microchip electroseparation methods (zone electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography, and electrochromatography) for analysis, microscale isolation, and physicochemical characterization of peptides from 2019 up to approximately the middle of 2021. Advances in the investigation of electromigration properties of peptides and in the methodology of their analysis, such as sample preparation, sorption suppression, EOF control, and detection, are presented. New developments in the individual CE and CEC methods are demonstrated and several types of their applications are shown. They include qualitative and quantitative analysis, determination in complex biomatrices, monitoring of chemical and enzymatic reactions and physicochemical changes, amino acid, sequence, and chiral analyses, and peptide mapping of proteins. In addition, micropreparative separations and determination of significant physicochemical parameters of peptides by CE and CEC methods are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czechia
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18
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Chen XT, Wang JY, Ma YN, Dong LY, Jia SX, Yin H, Fu XY, Du SS, Qi YK, Wang K. DIC/Oxyma-based accelerated synthesis and oxidative folding studies of centipede toxin RhTx. J Pept Sci 2021; 28:e3368. [PMID: 34514664 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coupling reagents play crucial roles in the iterative construction of amide bonds for the synthesis of peptides and peptide-based derivatives. The novel DIC/Oxyma condensation system featured with the low risk of explosion displayed remarkable abilities to inhibit racemization, along with efficient coupling efficiency in both manual and automated syntheses. Nevertheless, an ideal reaction molar ratio in DIC/Oxyma condensation system and the moderate reaction temperature by manual synthesis remain to be further investigated. Herein, the synthetic efficiencies of different reaction ratios between DIC and Oxyma under moderate reaction temperature were systematically evaluated. The robustness and efficiency of DIC/Oxyma condensation system are validated by the rapid synthesis of linear centipede toxin RhTx. Different folding strategies were applied for the construction of disulfide bridges in RhTx, which was further confirmed in assays of circular dichroism and patch-clamp electrophysiology evaluation. This work establishes the DIC/Oxyma-based accelerated synthesis of peptides under moderate condensation conditions, which is especially useful for the manual synthesis of peptides. Besides, the strategy presented here provides robust technical supports for the large-scale synthesis and oxidative folding of RhTx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Tong Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jin-Yan Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yan-Nan Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Li-Ying Dong
- Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shi-Xi Jia
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xing-Yan Fu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shan-Shan Du
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yun-Kun Qi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - KeWei Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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19
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Murali R, Zhang H, Cai Z, Lam L, Greene M. Rational Design of Constrained Peptides as Protein Interface Inhibitors. Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 10:antib10030032. [PMID: 34449551 PMCID: PMC8395526 DOI: 10.3390/antib10030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of progress in developing targeted therapeutics directed at protein–protein complexes has been due to the absence of well-defined ligand-binding pockets and the extensive intermolecular contacts at the protein–protein interface. Our laboratory has developed approaches to dissect protein–protein complexes focusing on the superfamilies of erbB and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors by the combined use of structural biology and computational biology to facilitate small molecule development. We present a perspective on the development and application of peptide inhibitors as well as immunoadhesins to cell surface receptors performed in our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Murali
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Science, Research Division of Immunology, Los Angeles, CA 90211, USA
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.Z.); (Z.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Zheng Cai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.Z.); (Z.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Lian Lam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.Z.); (Z.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Mark Greene
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.Z.); (Z.C.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (M.G.)
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20
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Pluda S, Mazzocato Y, Angelini A. Peptide-Based Inhibitors of ADAM and ADAMTS Metalloproteinases. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:703715. [PMID: 34368231 PMCID: PMC8335159 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.703715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAM and ADAMTS are two large metalloproteinase families involved in numerous physiological processes, such as shedding of cell-surface protein ectodomains and extra-cellular matrix remodelling. Aberrant expression or dysregulation of ADAMs and ADAMTSs activity has been linked to several pathologies including cancer, inflammatory, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Inhibition of ADAM and ADAMTS metalloproteinases have been attempted using various small molecules and protein-based therapeutics, each with their advantages and disadvantages. While most of these molecular formats have already been described in detail elsewhere, this mini review focuses solely on peptide-based inhibitors, an emerging class of therapeutic molecules recently applied against some ADAM and ADAMTS members. We describe both linear and cyclic peptide-based inhibitors which have been developed using different approaches ranging from traditional medicinal chemistry and rational design strategies to novel combinatorial peptide-display technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pluda
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
- Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A., Abano Terme, Italy
| | - Ylenia Mazzocato
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Alessandro Angelini
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
- European Centre for Living Technology (ECLT), Venice, Italy
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21
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Mazzoccanti G, Manetto S, Bassan M, Macis M, Iazzetti A, Cabri W, Ricci A, Gasparrini F. Expanding the Use of Dynamic Electrostatic Repulsion Reversed-Phase Chromatography: An Effective Elution Mode for Peptides Control and Analysis. Molecules 2021; 26:4348. [PMID: 34299626 PMCID: PMC8303375 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are increasingly used in clinical practice. Reversed-phase chromatography using formic or trifluoroacetic acid in the mobile phase is the most widely used technique for their analytical control. However, sometimes it does not prove sufficient to solve challenging chromatographic problems. In the search for alternative elution modes, the dynamic electrostatic repulsion reversed-phase was evaluated to separate eight probe peptides characterised by different molecular weights and isoelectric points. This technique, which involves TBAHSO4 in the mobile phase, provided the lowest asymmetry and peak width at half height values and the highest in peak capacity (about 200 for a gradient of 30 min) and resolution concerning the classic reversed-phase. All analyses were performed using cutting-edge columns developed for peptide separation, and the comparison of the chromatograms obtained shows how the dynamic electrostatic repulsion reversed-phase is an attractive alternative to the classic reversed-phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Mazzoccanti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Simone Manetto
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Michele Bassan
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, Piazza Maestri del Lavoro 7, 20063 Cernusco sul Naviglio, Italy; (M.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Marco Macis
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, Piazza Maestri del Lavoro 7, 20063 Cernusco sul Naviglio, Italy; (M.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Antonia Iazzetti
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Walter Cabri
- Department of Chemistry, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Antonio Ricci
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, Piazza Maestri del Lavoro 7, 20063 Cernusco sul Naviglio, Italy; (M.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Francesco Gasparrini
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (F.G.)
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22
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Wang X, Wang Y, Hu J, Xu H. An antitumor peptide RS17-targeted CD47, design, synthesis, and antitumor activity. Cancer Med 2021; 10:2125-2136. [PMID: 33629544 PMCID: PMC7957188 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD47 is a widely expressed transmembrane protein located on the surface of somatic cells. It mediates a variety of cellular processes including apoptosis, proliferation, adhesion, and migration. An important role for CD47 is the transmission of a “Don't eat me” signal by interacting with SIRPα on the macrophage surface membrane, thereby preventing the phagocytosis of normal cells. However, cancer cells can take advantage of this autogenous signal to protect themselves from phagocytosis, thus enabling immune escape. Blocking the interaction between CD47 and SIRPα has proven to be effective in removing cancer cells. The treatment of various cancers with CD47 monoclonal antibodies has also been validated. Methods We designed and synthesized a peptide (RS17), which can specifically bind to CD47 and block CD47‐SIRPα signaling. The affinity of RS17 for CD47‐expressing tumor cells was determined, while the inhibition of CD47‐SIRPα signaling was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results The results indicated that RS17 significantly promotes the phagocytosis of tumor cells by macrophages and had a similar therapeutic effect compared with a positive control (CD47 monoclonal antibodies). In addition, a cancer xenograft mouse model was established using CD47‐expressing HepG2 cells to evaluate the effect of RS17 on tumor growth in vivo. Using ex vivo and in vivo mouse models, RS17 demonstrated a high inhibitory effect on tumor growth. Conclusions Based on our results, RS17 may represent a novel therapeutic peptide for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Wang
- The Engineering Research Centre of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The Engineering Research Centre of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jialiang Hu
- The Engineering Research Centre of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanmei Xu
- The Engineering Research Centre of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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23
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Dube T, Ghosh A, Mishra J, Kompella UB, Panda JJ. Repurposed Drugs, Molecular Vaccines, Immune-Modulators, and Nanotherapeutics to Treat and Prevent COVID-19 Associated with SARS-CoV-2, a Deadly Nanovector. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4:2000172. [PMID: 33173808 PMCID: PMC7645867 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The deadly pandemic, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has paralyzed the world. Although significant methodological advances have been made in the field of viral detection/diagnosis with 251 in vitro diagnostic tests receiving emergency use approval by the US-FDA, little progress has been made in identifying curative or preventive therapies. This review discusses the current trends and potential future approaches for developing COVID-19 therapeutics, including repurposed drugs, vaccine candidates, immune-modulators, convalescent plasma therapy, and antiviral nanoparticles/nanovaccines/combinatorial nanotherapeutics to surmount the pandemic viral strain. Many potent therapeutic candidates emerging via drug-repurposing could significantly reduce the cost and duration of anti-COVID-19 drug development. Gene/protein-based vaccine candidates that could elicit both humoral and cell-based immunity would be on the frontlines to prevent the disease. Many emerging nanotechnology-based interventions will be critical in the fight against the deadly virus by facilitating early detection and enabling target oriented multidrug therapeutics. The therapeutic candidates discussed in this article include remdesivir, dexamethasone, hydroxychloroquine, favilavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, antibody therapeutics like gimsilumab and TJM2, anti-viral nanoparticles, and nanoparticle-based DNA and mRNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taru Dube
- Institute of Nano Science and TechnologyMohaliPunjab160062India
| | - Amrito Ghosh
- Institute of Nano Science and TechnologyMohaliPunjab160062India
| | - Jibanananda Mishra
- School of Bioengineering and BiosciencesLovely Professional UniversityPhagwaraPunjab144411India
| | - Uday B. Kompella
- Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery LaboratoryDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO80045USA
| | - Jiban Jyoti Panda
- Institute of Nano Science and TechnologyMohaliPunjab160062India
- Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery LaboratoryDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO80045USA
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24
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Link FJ, Heng JYY. Enhancing the crystallisation of insulin using amino acids as soft-templates to control nucleation. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00026h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid as soft templates in promoting nucleation of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik J. Link
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
| | - Jerry Y. Y. Heng
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
- Institute for Molecular Science and Engineering
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25
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Meade RM, Morris KJ, Watt KJC, Williams RJ, Mason JM. The Library Derived 4554W Peptide Inhibits Primary Nucleation of α-Synuclein. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:166706. [PMID: 33186583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of α-Synuclein (αS) is widely regarded as a key factor in neuronal cell death, leading to a wide range of synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's Disease. Development of therapeutics has therefore focused on inhibiting aggregation of αS into toxic forms. One such inhibitor, based on the preNAC region αS45-54 (4554W), was identified using an intracellular peptide library screen, and subsequently shown to both inhibit formation of αS aggregates while simultaneously lowering toxicity. Subsequent efforts have sought to determine the mode of 4554W action. In particular, and consistent with the fact that both target and peptide are co-produced during library screening, we find that the peptide inhibits primary nucleation of αS, but does not modulate downstream elongation or secondary nucleation events. These findings hold significant promise towards mechanistic understanding and development of molecules that can module the first steps in αS aggregation towards novel treatments for Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Meade
- Depart of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Kimberley J Morris
- Depart of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn J C Watt
- Depart of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Williams
- Depart of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Jody M Mason
- Depart of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
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26
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Silva JV, Santos SDS, Machini MT, Giarolla J. Neglected tropical diseases and infectious illnesses: potential targeted peptides employed as hits compounds in drug design. J Drug Target 2020; 29:269-283. [PMID: 33059502 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1837843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) and infectious illnesses, such as malaria, tuberculosis and Zika fever, represent a major public health concern in many countries and regions worldwide, especially in developing ones. They cause thousands of deaths per year, and certainly compromise the life of affected patients. The drugs available for therapy are toxic, have considerable adverse effects, and are obsolete, especially with respect to resistance. In this context, targeted peptides are considered promising in the design of new drugs, since they have specific action and reduced toxicity. Indeed, there is a rising interest in these targeted compounds within the pharmaceutical industry, proving their importance to the Pharmaceutical Sciences field. Many have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to be used as medicines, plus there are more than 300 peptides currently in clinical trials. The main purpose of this review is to show the most promising potential targeted peptides acting as hits molecules in NTDs and other infectious illnesses. We hope to contribute to the discovery of medicines in this relatively neglected area, which will be extremely useful in improving the health of many suffering people.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Vitor Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Soraya da Silva Santos
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Teresa Machini
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jeanine Giarolla
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Díaz-Eufracio BI, Palomino-Hernández O, Arredondo-Sánchez A, Medina-Franco JL. D-Peptide Builder: A Web Service to Enumerate, Analyze, and Visualize the Chemical Space of Combinatorial Peptide Libraries. Mol Inform 2020; 39:e2000035. [PMID: 32558380 DOI: 10.1002/minf.202000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Peptide-based drug discovery is re-gaining attention in drug discovery. Similarly, combinatorial chemistry continues to be a useful technique for the rapid exploration of chemical space. A current challenge, however, is the enumeration of combinatorial peptide libraries using freely accessible tools. To facilitate the swift enumeration of combinatorial peptide libraries, we introduce herein D-Peptide Builder. In the current version, the user can build up to pentapeptides, linear or cyclic, using the natural pool of 20 amino acids. The user can use non- and/or N-methylated amino acids. The server also enables the rapid visualization of the chemical space of the newly enumerated peptides in comparison with other libraries relevant to drug discovery and preloaded in the server. D-Peptide Builder is freely accessible at http://dpeptidebuilder. quimica.unam.mx:4000/. It is also accessible through the open D-Tools platform (DIFACQUIM Tools for Chemoinformatics https://www.difacquim.com/d-tools/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara I Díaz-Eufracio
- DIFACQUIM research group, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oscar Palomino-Hernández
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute of Advanced Simulation (IAS-5), and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Aarón Arredondo-Sánchez
- DIFACQUIM research group, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José L Medina-Franco
- DIFACQUIM research group, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
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28
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Vernen F, Craik DJ, Lawrence N, Troeira Henriques S. Cyclic Analogues of Horseshoe Crab Peptide Tachyplesin I with Anticancer and Cell Penetrating Properties. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:2895-2908. [PMID: 31714739 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tachyplesin-I (TI) is a host defense peptide from the horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus that has outstanding potential as an anticancer therapeutic lead. Backbone cyclized TI (cTI) has similar anticancer properties to TI but has higher stability and lower hemolytic activity. We designed and synthesized cTI analogues to further improve anticancer potential and investigated structure-activity relationships based on peptide-membrane interactions, cellular uptake, and anticancer activity. The membrane-binding affinity and cytotoxic activity of cTI were found to be highly dependent on peptide hydrophobicity and charge. We describe two analogues with increased selectivity toward melanoma cells and one analogue with the ability to enter cells with high efficacy and low toxicity. Overall, the structure-activity relationship study shows that cTI can be developed as a membrane-active antimelanoma lead, or be employed as a cell penetrating peptide scaffold that can target and enter cells without damaging their integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Vernen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David J. Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nicole Lawrence
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Sónia Troeira Henriques
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
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29
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Kašička V. Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2017–mid 2019). Electrophoresis 2019; 41:10-35. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryCzech Academy of Sciences Prague 6 Czechia
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30
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Abbas AB, Lin B, Liu C, Morshed A, Hu J, Xu H. Design and Synthesis of A PD-1 Binding Peptide and Evaluation of Its Anti-Tumor Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E572. [PMID: 30699956 PMCID: PMC6386944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint blockades, suchas PD-1 monoclonal antibodies, have shown new promising avenues to treat cancers. Failure responsesof many cancer patients to these agents have led to a massive need for alternative strategies to optimize tumor immunotherapy. Currently, new therapeutic developments involve peptide blocking strategies, as they have high stability and low immunogenicity. Here, we have designed and synthesized a new peptide FITC-YT-16 to target PD-1. We have studied FITC-YT-16 by various experiments, including Molecular Operating Environment MOE modeling, purification testing by HPLC and LC mass, peptide/PD-1 conjugation and affinity by microscale thermophoresis (MST), and T cell immune-fluorescence imaging by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The peptide was tested for its ability to enhanceT cell activity against tumor cell lines, including TE-13, A549, and MDA-MB-231. Lastly, we assessed T cell cytotoxicity under peptide treatment. YT-16⁻PD-1 interaction showed a high binding affinity as a low energy complex that was confirmed by MOE. Furthermore, the peptide purity and molecular weights were 90.96% and 2344.66, respectively. MST revealed that FITC-YT-16 interacted with PD-1 at a Kd value of 17.8 ± 2.6 nM. T cell imaging and flow cytometry revealed high affinity of FITC-YT-16 to PD-1. Interestingly, FITC-YT-16 efficiently blocked PD-1 signaling pathways and promoted T cell inflammatory responses by elevating IL-2 and INF-γ levels. Moreover, FITC-YT-16 has the ability to activate T cell cytotoxicity. Therefore, FITC-YT-16 significantly enhanced T cell anti-tumor activity by blocking PD-1⁻PD-L1 interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Baset Abbas
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibb University, Ibb City 70270, Yemen.
| | - Bingjing Lin
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Chen Liu
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Arwa Morshed
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibb University, Ibb City 70270, Yemen.
| | - Jialiang Hu
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hanmei Xu
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Nanjing Anji Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Nanjing 210046, China.
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