1
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Singh A, Tanwar M, Singh TP, Sharma S, Sharma P. An escape from ESKAPE pathogens: A comprehensive review on current and emerging therapeutics against antibiotic resistance. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:135253. [PMID: 39244118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
The rise of antimicrobial resistance has positioned ESKAPE pathogens as a serious global health threat, primarily due to the limitations and frequent failures of current treatment options. This growing risk has spurred the scientific community to seek innovative antibiotic therapies and improved oversight strategies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the origins and resistance mechanisms of ESKAPE pathogens, while also exploring next-generation treatment strategies for these infections. In addition, it will address both traditional and novel approaches to combating antibiotic resistance, offering insights into potential new therapeutic avenues. Emerging research underscores the urgency of developing new antimicrobial agents and strategies to overcome resistance, highlighting the need for novel drug classes and combination therapies. Advances in genomic technologies and a deeper understanding of microbial pathogenesis are crucial in identifying effective treatments. Integrating precision medicine and personalized approaches could enhance therapeutic efficacy. The review also emphasizes the importance of global collaboration in surveillance and stewardship, as well as policy reforms, enhanced diagnostic tools, and public awareness initiatives, to address resistance on a worldwide scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Mansi Tanwar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - T P Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sujata Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Pradeep Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
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2
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Han X, Yao J, He J, Liu H, Jiang Y, Zhao D, Shi Q, Zhou J, Hu H, Lan P, Zhou H, Li X. Clinical and laboratory insights into the threat of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024; 64:107275. [PMID: 39002700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) typically causes severe invasive infections affecting multiple sites in healthy individuals. In the past, hvKP was characterized by a hypermucoviscosity phenotype, susceptibility to antimicrobial agents, and its tendency to cause invasive infections in healthy individuals within the community. However, there has been an alarming increase in reports of multidrug-resistant hvKP, particularly carbapenem-resistant strains, causing nosocomial infections in critically ill or immunocompromised patients. This presents a significant challenge for clinical treatment. Early identification of hvKP is crucial for timely infection control. Notably, identifying hvKP has become confusing due to its prevalence in nosocomial settings and the limited predictive specificity of the hypermucoviscosity phenotype. Novel virulence predictors for hvKP have been discovered through animal models or machine learning algorithms, while standardization of identification criteria is still necessary. Timely source control and antibiotic therapy have been widely employed for the treatment of hvKP infections. Additionally, phage therapy is a promising alternative approach due to escalating antibiotic resistance. In summary, this narrative review highlights the latest research progress in the development, virulence factors, identification, epidemiology of hvKP, and treatment options available for hvKP infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiayao Yao
- Centre of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jintao He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Centre of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongdong Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiucheng Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junxin Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huangdu Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre for General Practice Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Lan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xi Li
- Centre of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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3
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Sun S, Chen X. Mechanism-guided strategies for combating antibiotic resistance. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:295. [PMID: 39122871 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial antibiotic resistance has been recognized as a global threat to public health. It challenges the antibiotics currently used in clinical practice and causes severe and often fatal infectious diseases. Fighting against antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) is growing more urgent. While understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie resistance is a prerequisite, several major mechanisms have been previously proposed including bacterial efflux systems, reduced cell membrane permeability, antibiotic inactivation by enzymes, target modification, and target protection. In this context, this review presents a panel of promising and potential strategies to combat antibiotic resistance/resistant bacteria. Different types of direct-acting and indirect resistance breakers, such as efflux pump inhibitors, antibiotic adjuvants, and oxidative treatments are discussed. In addition, the emerging multi-omics approaches for rapid resistance identification and promising alternatives to existing antibiotics are highlighted. Overall, this review suggests that continued effort and investment in research are required to develop new antibiotics and alternatives to existing antibiotics and translate them into environmental and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Xueyingzi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
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4
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Sauvat L, Verhoeven PO, Gagnaire J, Berthelot P, Paul S, Botelho-Nevers E, Gagneux-Brunon A. Vaccines and monoclonal antibodies to prevent healthcare-associated bacterial infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024:e0016022. [PMID: 39120140 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00160-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYHealthcare-associated infections (HAIs) represent a burden for public health with a high prevalence and high death rates associated with them. Pathogens with a high potential for antimicrobial resistance, such as ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) and Clostridioides difficile, are responsible for most HAIs. Despite the implementation of infection prevention and control intervention, globally, HAIs prevalence is stable and they are mainly due to endogenous pathogens. It is undeniable that complementary to infection prevention and control measures, prophylactic approaches by active or passive immunization are needed. Specific groups at-risk (elderly people, chronic condition as immunocompromised) and also healthcare workers are key targets. Medical procedures and specific interventions are known to be at risk of HAIs, in addition to hospital environmental exposure. Vaccines or monoclonal antibodies can be seen as attractive preventive approaches for HAIs. In this review, we present an overview of the vaccines and monoclonal antibodies in clinical development for prevention of the major bacterial HAIs pathogens. Based on the current state of knowledge, we look at the challenges and future perspectives to improve prevention by these means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Sauvat
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Jean Monnet St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
- Infection Control Unit, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Paul O Verhoeven
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Jean Monnet St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
- Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University-Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Julie Gagnaire
- Infection Control Unit, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Philippe Berthelot
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Jean Monnet St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
- Infection Control Unit, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Jean Monnet St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
- CIC 1408 Inserm, Axe vaccinologie, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Jean Monnet St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- CIC 1408 Inserm, Axe vaccinologie, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Amandine Gagneux-Brunon
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Jean Monnet St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- CIC 1408 Inserm, Axe vaccinologie, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
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5
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Vitiello A, Rezza G, Silenzi A, Salzano A, Alise M, Boccellino MR, Ponzo A, Zovi A, Sabbatucci M. Therapeutic Strategies to Combat Increasing Rates of Multidrug Resistant Pathogens. Pharm Res 2024; 41:1557-1571. [PMID: 39107513 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03756-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobic-resistant infectious pathogens and the consequent rising in the incidence and prevalence of demises caused by or associated to infections which are not sensitive to drug treatments is one of today's major global health challenges. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) can bring to therapeutic failure, infection's persistence and risk of serious illness, in particular in vulnerable populations such as the elderly, patients with neoplastic diseases or the immunocompromised. It is assessed that AMR will induce until 10 million deaths per year by 2050, becoming the leading cause of disease-related deaths. The World Health Organisation (WHO) and the United Nations General Assembly urgently call for new measures to combat the phenomenon. Research and development of new antimicrobial agents has decreased due to market failure. However, promising results are coming from new alternative therapeutic strategies such as monoclonal antibodies, microbiome modulators, nanomaterial-based therapeutics, vaccines, and phages. This narrative review aimed to analyse the benefits and weaknesses of alternative therapeutic strategies to antibiotics which treat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Vitiello
- Directorate-General for Health Prevention, Ministry of Health, Viale Giorgio Ribotta 5, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Rezza
- Directorate-General for Health Prevention, Ministry of Health, Viale Giorgio Ribotta 5, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Silenzi
- Directorate-General for Health Prevention, Ministry of Health, Viale Giorgio Ribotta 5, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Salzano
- Directorate-General for Health Prevention, Ministry of Health, Viale Giorgio Ribotta 5, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Mosè Alise
- Directorate General of Animal Health and Veterinary Medicines, Ministry of Health, Viale Giorgio Ribotta 5, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Annarita Ponzo
- Department of Biology L. Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Zovi
- Directorate General for Hygiene, Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Viale Giorgio Ribotta 5, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Michela Sabbatucci
- Department Infectious Diseases, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
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6
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Velappan N, Biryukov SS, Rill NO, Klimko CP, Rosario-Acevedo R, Shoe JL, Hunter M, Dankmeyer JL, Fetterer DP, Bedinger D, Phipps ME, Watt AJ, Abergel RJ, Dichosa A, Kozimor SA, Cote CK, Lillo AM. Characterization of two affinity matured Anti-Yersinia pestis F1 human antibodies with medical countermeasure potential. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305034. [PMID: 38954719 PMCID: PMC11218954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague and a biological threat agent, presents an urgent need for novel medical countermeasures due to documented cases of naturally acquired antibiotic resistance and potential person-to-person spread during a pneumonic infection. Immunotherapy has been proposed as a way to circumvent current and future antibiotic resistance. Here, we describe the development and characterization of two affinity matured human antibodies (αF1Ig AM2 and αF1Ig AM8) that promote survival of mice after exposure to aerosolized Y. pestis. We share details of the error prone PCR and yeast display technology-based affinity maturation process that we used. The resultant matured antibodies have nanomolar affinity for Y. pestis F1 antigen, are produced in high yield, and are resilient to 37°C stress for up to 6 months. Importantly, in vitro assays using a murine macrophage cell line demonstrated that αF1Ig AM2 and αF1Ig AM8 are opsonic. Even more importantly, in vivo studies using pneumonic plague mouse models showed that 100% of the mice receiving 500 μg of IgGs αF1Ig AM2 and αF1Ig AM8 survived lethal challenge with aerosolized Y. pestis CO92. Combined, these results provide evidence of the quality and robustness of αF1Ig AM2 and αF1Ig AM8 and support their development as potential medical countermeasures against plague.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nileena Velappan
- Biosciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States of America
| | - Sergei S. Biryukov
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel O. Rill
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Christopher P. Klimko
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Raysa Rosario-Acevedo
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Shoe
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Melissa Hunter
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Dankmeyer
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - David P. Fetterer
- Biostatisitics Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | | | - Mary E. Phipps
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Center Alamos for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos, NM, United States of America
| | - Austin J. Watt
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Rebecca J. Abergel
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Armand Dichosa
- Biosciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States of America
| | - Stosh A. Kozimor
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States of America
| | - Christopher K. Cote
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Antonietta M. Lillo
- Biosciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States of America
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7
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Casadevall A, Paneth N. Monoclonal Antibody Therapies for Infectious Diseases. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2024. [PMID: 38869844 DOI: 10.1007/82_2024_265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
In contrast to therapy in oncology and immune-related diseases, where dozens of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been introduced, often in transformative fashion, the use of mAbs for infectious diseases is generally underdeveloped, with fewer than a dozen mAbs currently licensed for the treatment of microbial diseases. This situation is paradoxical given that antibodies are major products of the immune system for protecting against infectious diseases. The underdevelopment of mAbs for infectious diseases has several causes including the availability of effective therapy against many microbial diseases, the fact that many pathogenic microbes are antigenically diverse and thus all strains are not covered by a single mAb, and the high expense of mAb therapies. Despite these hurdles the number of mAbs licensed for infectious disease indications is slowly increasing and there are numerous opportunities for the development of mAbs in the prevention and treatment of microbial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Nigel Paneth
- Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics and Pediatrics & Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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8
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Darbandi A, Abdi M, Dashtbin S, Yaghoubi S, Sholeh M, Kouhsari E, Darbandi T, Ghanavati R, Taheri B. Antibody-Antibiotic Conjugates: A Comprehensive Review on Their Therapeutic Potentials Against BacterialInfections. J Clin Lab Anal 2024; 38:e25071. [PMID: 38867639 PMCID: PMC11211676 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.25071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antibodies are significant agents in the immune system and have proven to be effective in treating bacterial infections. With the advancement of antibody engineering in recent decades, antibody therapy has evolved widely. AIM This review aimed to investigate a new method as a therapeutic platform for the treatment of bacterial infections and explore the novel features of this method in conferring pathogen specificity to broad-spectrum antibiotics. MATERIAL AND METHODS A literature review was conducted addressing the following topics about antibody-antibiotic conjugates (AACs): (1) structure and mechanism of action; (2) clinical effectiveness; (3) advantages and disadvantages. RESULT Antibody conjugates are designed to build upon the progress made in the development of monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of diseases. Despite the growing emergence of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria worldwide, novel antimicrobials have not been sufficiently expanded to combat the global crisis of antibiotic resistance. A recently developed strategy for the treatment of infectious diseases is the use of AACs, which are specifically activated only in host cells. CONCLUSION A novel therapeutic AAC employs an antibody to deliver the antibiotic to the bacteria. The AACs can release potent antibacterial components that unconjugated forms may not exhibit with an appropriate therapeutic index. This review highlights how this science has guided the design principles of an impressive AAC and discusses how the AAC model promises to enhance the antibiotic effect against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Darbandi
- Molecular Microbiology Research CenterShahed UniversityTehranIran
| | - Milad Abdi
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious DiseasesKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Shirin Dashtbin
- Department of Microbiology, School of MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Sajad Yaghoubi
- Basic Sciences DepartmentNeyshabur University of Medical SciencesNeyshaburIran
| | - Mohammad Sholeh
- Department of BacteriologyPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Ebrahim Kouhsari
- Laboratory Sciences Research CenterGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Talieh Darbandi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences BranchIslamic Azad University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Behrouz Taheri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
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9
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Hale M, Takehara KK, Thouvenel CD, Moustafa DA, Repele A, Fontana MF, Netland J, McNamara S, Gibson RL, Goldberg JB, Rawlings DJ, Pepper M. Monoclonal antibodies derived from B cells in subjects with cystic fibrosis reduce Pseudomonas aeruginosa burden in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.08.588618. [PMID: 38645147 PMCID: PMC11030358 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.08.588618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is an opportunistic, frequently multidrug-resistant pathogen that can cause severe infections in hospitalized patients. Antibodies against the PA virulence factor, PcrV, protect from death and disease in a variety of animal models. However, clinical trials of PcrV-binding antibody-based products have thus far failed to demonstrate benefit. Prior candidates were derivations of antibodies identified using protein-immunized animal systems and required extensive engineering to optimize binding and/or reduce immunogenicity. Of note, PA infections are common in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF), who are generally believed to mount normal adaptive immune responses. Here we utilized a tetramer reagent to detect and isolate PcrV-specific B cells in pwCF and, via single-cell sorting and paired-chain sequencing, identified the B cell receptor (BCR) variable region sequences that confer PcrV-specificity. We derived multiple high affinity anti-PcrV monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from PcrV-specific B cells across 3 donors, including mAbs that exhibit potent anti-PA activity in a murine pneumonia model. This robust strategy for mAb discovery expands what is known about PA-specific B cells in pwCF and yields novel mAbs with potential for future clinical use.
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10
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Hibbert T, Krpetic Z, Latimer J, Leighton H, McHugh R, Pottenger S, Wragg C, James CE. Antimicrobials: An update on new strategies to diversify treatment for bacterial infections. Adv Microb Physiol 2024; 84:135-241. [PMID: 38821632 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Ninety-five years after Fleming's discovery of penicillin, a bounty of antibiotic compounds have been discovered, modified, or synthesised. Diversification of target sites, improved stability and altered activity spectra have enabled continued antibiotic efficacy, but overwhelming reliance and misuse has fuelled the global spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). An estimated 1.27 million deaths were attributable to antibiotic resistant bacteria in 2019, representing a major threat to modern medicine. Although antibiotics remain at the heart of strategies for treatment and control of bacterial diseases, the threat of AMR has reached catastrophic proportions urgently calling for fresh innovation. The last decade has been peppered with ground-breaking developments in genome sequencing, high throughput screening technologies and machine learning. These advances have opened new doors for bioprospecting for novel antimicrobials. They have also enabled more thorough exploration of complex and polymicrobial infections and interactions with the healthy microbiome. Using models of infection that more closely resemble the infection state in vivo, we are now beginning to measure the impacts of antimicrobial therapy on host/microbiota/pathogen interactions. However new approaches are needed for developing and standardising appropriate methods to measure efficacy of novel antimicrobial combinations in these contexts. A battery of promising new antimicrobials is now in various stages of development including co-administered inhibitors, phages, nanoparticles, immunotherapy, anti-biofilm and anti-virulence agents. These novel therapeutics need multidisciplinary collaboration and new ways of thinking to bring them into large scale clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegan Hibbert
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences (IVES), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Zeljka Krpetic
- School of Science, Engineering, and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Joe Latimer
- School of Science, Engineering, and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Hollie Leighton
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences (IVES), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rebecca McHugh
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sian Pottenger
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences (IVES), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Charlotte Wragg
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences (IVES), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Chloë E James
- School of Science, Engineering, and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK.
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11
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Chen HC, Pan YL, Chen Y, Yang TH, Hsu ET, Huang YT, Chiang MH. Monoclonal Antibodies as a Therapeutic Strategy against Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections in a Post-COVID-19 Era. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:246. [PMID: 38398755 PMCID: PMC10890110 DOI: 10.3390/life14020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of severe multidrug-resistant bacterial infections has recently intensified because of the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the guidelines issued by the World Health Organization (WHO), routine antibiotic administration is not recommended for patients with supposed or confirmed mild SARS-CoV-2 infection or pneumonia, unless bacterial infection is clinically suspected. However, recent studies have pointed out that the proportion of non-essential antibiotic use in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 remains high. Therefore, the silent pandemic of antibiotic resistance remains a pressing issue regardless of the present threats presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. To prevent or delay entry into the postulated post-antibiotic era, the long-term advocacy for the rational use of antibiotics, the optimization of infection control procedures, and the development of new antibacterial agents and vaccines should be underscored as vital practices of the antibacterial toolbox. Recently, the development of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies has gradually received attention following the advancement of biotechnology as well as enhanced drug discovery and development in cancer research. Although decent progress has been made in laboratory-based research and promising results have been obtained following clinical trials of some of these products, challenges still exist in their widespread clinical applications. This article describes the current advantages of antibacterial monoclonal antibodies, the development of associated clinical trials, and some perceived future perspectives and challenges. Further, we anticipate the development of more therapeutic agents to combat drug-resistant bacterial infections as well as to increase the resilience of current or novel agents/strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chun Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Ling Pan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan; (Y.-L.P.); (Y.C.)
| | - Ying Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan; (Y.-L.P.); (Y.C.)
| | - Tsung-Hsuan Yang
- School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Erh-Tung Hsu
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan; (E.-T.H.); (Y.-T.H.)
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan; (E.-T.H.); (Y.-T.H.)
| | - Ming-Hsien Chiang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan; (Y.-L.P.); (Y.C.)
- mProbe Taiwan Inc., Taipei City 105037, Taiwan
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12
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McCain J, Martínez SR, Fungo F, Sakaya A, Cosa G. Two-Pronged Dormant Photosensitizer-Antibiotic Bacterial Inactivation: Mechanism, Dosage, and Cellular Evolution Visualized at the Single-Cell Level. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:28124-28136. [PMID: 38095965 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Innovative therapeutic approaches are required to battle the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. Tapping on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in bacteria induced by bactericidal antibiotics, here we report a two-pronged strategy for bacterial inactivation relying on the synergistic combination of a bactericidal antibiotic and newly designed dormant photosensitizers (DoPSs) that activate in the presence of ROS. Intramolecular quenching renders DoPS inert in the presence of light. ROS trapping by DoPS aborts the quenching mechanism unmasking, in equal proportions, singlet oxygen (1O2) sensitization and fluorescence emission. Juxtaposed antioxidant-prooxidant activity built within our DoPS enables (i) initial activation of a few molecules by ROS and (ii) subsequent rapid activation of all DoPS in a bacterium via a domino effect mediated by photogenerated 1O2. Bulk colony forming unit studies employing the minimum inhibitory concentration of the antibiotic illustrate rapid and selective inactivation of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa only in the presence of light, antibiotic, and DoPS. Single-cell, real-time imaging studies on E. coli reveal an autocatalytic progression of DoPS activation from focal points, providing a unique amplification system for sensing. Single-cell analysis further illustrates the impact of DoPS cellular loading on the rate of DoPS activation and cell death times and on the 1O2 dosing necessary for cell death to occur. Our two-pronged therapy discriminates based on cell metabolites and has the potential to result in lower toxicity, pave the way to reduced drug resistance, and provide insightful mechanistic information about bacterial membrane response to 1O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia McCain
- Department of Chemistry and Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Sol R Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Florencia Fungo
- Department of Chemistry and Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Aya Sakaya
- Department of Chemistry and Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Gonzalo Cosa
- Department of Chemistry and Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
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13
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Antimicrobial Resistance and Recent Alternatives to Antibiotics for the Control of Bacterial Pathogens with an Emphasis on Foodborne Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020274. [PMID: 36830185 PMCID: PMC9952301 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most important global public health problems. The imprudent use of antibiotics in humans and animals has resulted in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The dissemination of these strains and their resistant determinants could endanger antibiotic efficacy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify and develop novel strategies to combat antibiotic resistance. This review provides insights into the evolution and the mechanisms of AMR. Additionally, it discusses alternative approaches that might be used to control AMR, including probiotics, prebiotics, antimicrobial peptides, small molecules, organic acids, essential oils, bacteriophage, fecal transplants, and nanoparticles.
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14
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Recent Approaches for Downplaying Antibiotic Resistance: Molecular Mechanisms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:5250040. [PMID: 36726844 PMCID: PMC9886476 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5250040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a ubiquitous public health menace. AMR emergence causes complications in treating infections contributing to an upsurge in the mortality rate. The epidemic of AMR in sync with a high utilization rate of antimicrobial drugs signifies an alarming situation for the fleet recovery of both animals and humans. The emergence of resistant species calls for new treatments and therapeutics. Current records propose that health drug dependency, veterinary medicine, agricultural application, and vaccination reluctance are the primary etymology of AMR gene emergence and spread. Recently, several encouraging avenues have been presented to contest resistance, such as antivirulent therapy, passive immunization, antimicrobial peptides, vaccines, phage therapy, and botanical and liposomal nanoparticles. Most of these therapies are used as cutting-edge methodologies to downplay antibacterial drugs to subdue the resistance pressure, which is a featured motive of discussion in this review article. AMR can fade away through the potential use of current cutting-edge therapeutics, advancement in antimicrobial susceptibility testing, new diagnostic testing, prompt clinical response, and probing of new pharmacodynamic properties of antimicrobials. It also needs to promote future research on contemporary methods to maintain host homeostasis after infections caused by AMR. Referable to the microbial ability to break resistance, there is a great ultimatum for using not only appropriate and advanced antimicrobial drugs but also other neoteric diverse cutting-edge therapeutics.
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15
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Walesch S, Birkelbach J, Jézéquel G, Haeckl FPJ, Hegemann JD, Hesterkamp T, Hirsch AKH, Hammann P, Müller R. Fighting antibiotic resistance-strategies and (pre)clinical developments to find new antibacterials. EMBO Rep 2022; 24:e56033. [PMID: 36533629 PMCID: PMC9827564 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibacterial resistance is one of the greatest threats to human health. The development of new therapeutics against bacterial pathogens has slowed drastically since the approvals of the first antibiotics in the early and mid-20th century. Most of the currently investigated drug leads are modifications of approved antibacterials, many of which are derived from natural products. In this review, we highlight the challenges, advancements and current standing of the clinical and preclinical antibacterial research pipeline. Additionally, we present novel strategies for rejuvenating the discovery process and advocate for renewed and enthusiastic investment in the antibacterial discovery pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Walesch
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)SaarbrückenGermany,Department of PharmacySaarland UniversitySaarbrückenGermany,Helmholtz Centre for Infection research (HZI)BraunschweigGermany,German Center for infection research (DZIF)BraunschweigGermany
| | - Joy Birkelbach
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)SaarbrückenGermany,Department of PharmacySaarland UniversitySaarbrückenGermany,Helmholtz Centre for Infection research (HZI)BraunschweigGermany,German Center for infection research (DZIF)BraunschweigGermany
| | - Gwenaëlle Jézéquel
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)SaarbrückenGermany,Helmholtz Centre for Infection research (HZI)BraunschweigGermany
| | - F P Jake Haeckl
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)SaarbrückenGermany,Department of PharmacySaarland UniversitySaarbrückenGermany,Helmholtz Centre for Infection research (HZI)BraunschweigGermany,German Center for infection research (DZIF)BraunschweigGermany
| | - Julian D Hegemann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)SaarbrückenGermany,Department of PharmacySaarland UniversitySaarbrückenGermany,Helmholtz Centre for Infection research (HZI)BraunschweigGermany,German Center for infection research (DZIF)BraunschweigGermany
| | - Thomas Hesterkamp
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection research (HZI)BraunschweigGermany,German Center for infection research (DZIF)BraunschweigGermany
| | - Anna K H Hirsch
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)SaarbrückenGermany,Department of PharmacySaarland UniversitySaarbrückenGermany,Helmholtz Centre for Infection research (HZI)BraunschweigGermany,German Center for infection research (DZIF)BraunschweigGermany,Helmholtz International Lab for Anti‐InfectivesSaarbrückenGermany
| | - Peter Hammann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)SaarbrückenGermany,Department of PharmacySaarland UniversitySaarbrückenGermany,Helmholtz Centre for Infection research (HZI)BraunschweigGermany,German Center for infection research (DZIF)BraunschweigGermany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)SaarbrückenGermany,Department of PharmacySaarland UniversitySaarbrückenGermany,Helmholtz Centre for Infection research (HZI)BraunschweigGermany,German Center for infection research (DZIF)BraunschweigGermany,Helmholtz International Lab for Anti‐InfectivesSaarbrückenGermany
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16
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Seixas AMM, Sousa SA, Leitão JH. Antibody-Based Immunotherapies as a Tool for Tackling Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1789. [PMID: 36366297 PMCID: PMC9695245 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of antimicrobials is an outstanding achievement of mankind that led to the development of modern medicine. However, increasing antimicrobial resistance observed worldwide is rendering commercially available antimicrobials ineffective. This problem results from the bacterial ability to adapt to selective pressure, leading to the development or acquisition of multiple types of resistance mechanisms that can severely affect the efficacy of antimicrobials. The misuse, over-prescription, and poor treatment adherence by patients are factors strongly aggravating this issue, with an epidemic of infections untreatable by first-line therapies occurring over decades. Alternatives are required to tackle this problem, and immunotherapies are emerging as pathogen-specific and nonresistance-generating alternatives to antimicrobials. In this work, four types of antibody formats and their potential for the development of antibody-based immunotherapies against bacteria are discussed. These antibody isotypes include conventional mammalian polyclonal antibodies that are used for the neutralization of toxins; conventional mammalian monoclonal antibodies that currently have 100 IgG mAbs approved for therapeutic use; immunoglobulin Y found in birds and an excellent source of high-quality polyclonal antibodies able to be purified noninvasively from egg yolks; and single domain antibodies (also known as nanobodies), a recently discovered antibody format (found in camelids and nurse sharks) that allows for a low-cost synthesis in microbial systems, access to hidden or hard-to-reach epitopes, and exhibits a high modularity for the development of complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- António M. M. Seixas
- Department of Bioengineering, IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sílvia A. Sousa
- Department of Bioengineering, IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge H. Leitão
- Department of Bioengineering, IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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17
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Ruest MK, Dennis JJ. The Exploration of Complement-Resistance Mechanisms of Pathogenic Gram-Negative Bacteria to Support the Development of Novel Therapeutics. Pathogens 2022; 11:931. [PMID: 36015050 PMCID: PMC9412335 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to antibiotics in Bacteria is one of the biggest threats to human health. After decades of attempting to isolate or design antibiotics with novel mechanisms of action against bacterial pathogens, few approaches have been successful. Antibacterial drug discovery is now moving towards targeting bacterial virulence factors, especially immune evasion factors. Gram-negative bacteria present some of the most significant challenges in terms of antibiotic resistance. However, they are also able to be eliminated by the component of the innate immune system known as the complement system. In response, Gram-negative bacteria have evolved a variety of mechanisms by which they are able to evade complement and cause infection. Complement resistance mechanisms present some of the best novel therapeutic targets for defending against highly antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan J. Dennis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
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18
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Ch'ng ACW, Schepergerdes L, Choong YS, Hust M, Lim TS. Antimicrobial antibodies by phage display: Identification of antibody-based inhibitor against mycobacterium tuberculosis isocitrate lyase. Mol Immunol 2022; 150:47-57. [PMID: 35987135 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The increasing incidence reports of antibiotic resistance highlights the need for alternative approaches to deal with bacterial infections. This brought about the idea of utilizing monoclonal antibodies as an alternative antibacterial treatment. Majority of the studies are focused on developing antibodies to bacterial surface antigens, with little emphasis on antibodies that inhibit the growth mechanisms of a bacteria host. Isocitrate lyase (ICL) is an important enzyme for the growth and survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) during latent infection as a result of its involvement in the mycobacterial glyoxylate and methylisocitrate cycles. It is postulated that the inhibition of ICL can disrupt the life cycle of MTB. To this extent, we utilized antibody phage display to identify a single chain fragment variable (scFv) antibody against the recombinant ICL protein from MTB. The soluble a-ICL-C6 scFv clone exhibited good binding characteristics with high specificity against ICL. More importantly, the clone exhibited in vitro inhibitory effect with an enzymatic assay resulting in a decrease of ICL enzymatic activity. In silico analysis showed that the scFv-ICL interactions are driven by 23 hydrogen bonds and 13 salt bridges that might disrupt the formation of ICL subunits for the tertiary structure or the formation of active site β domain. However, further validation is necessary to confirm if the isolated clone is indeed a good inhibitor against ICL for application against MTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Chiew Wen Ch'ng
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Lena Schepergerdes
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig
| | - Yee Siew Choong
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Michael Hust
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig
| | - Theam Soon Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia; Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
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19
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Wang H, Chen D, Lu H. Anti-bacterial monoclonal antibodies: next generation therapy against superbugs. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3957-3972. [PMID: 35648146 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11989-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prior to the nineteenth century, infectious disease was one of the leading causes of death. Human life expectancy has roughly doubled over the past century as a result of the development of antibiotics and vaccines. However, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant superbugs brings new challenges. The side effects of broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as causing antimicrobial resistance and destroying the normal flora, often limit their applications. Furthermore, the development of new antibiotics has lagged far behind the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance. On the other hand, the genome complexity of bacteria makes it difficult to create effective vaccines. Therefore, novel therapeutic agents in supplement to antibiotics and vaccines are urgently needed to improve the treatment of infections. In recent years, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have achieved remarkable clinical success in a variety of fields. In the treatment of infectious diseases, mAbs can play functions through multiple mechanisms, including toxins neutralization, virulence factors inhibition, complement-mediated killing activity, and opsonic phagocytosis. Toxins and bacterial surface components are good targets to generate antibodies against. The U.S. FDA has approved three monoclonal antibody drugs, and there are numerous candidates in the preclinical or clinical trial stages. This article reviews recent advances in the research and development of anti-bacterial monoclonal antibody drugs in order to provide a valuable reference for future studies in this area. KEY POINTS: • Novel drugs against antibiotic-resistant superbugs are urgently required • Monoclonal antibodies can treat bacterial infections through multiple mechanisms • There are many anti-bacterial monoclonal antibodies developed in recent years and some candidates have entered the preclinical or clinical stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Daijie Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Huili Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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20
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Tarín-Pelló A, Suay-García B, Pérez-Gracia MT. Antibiotic resistant bacteria: current situation and treatment options to accelerate the development of a new antimicrobial arsenal. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022; 20:1095-1108. [PMID: 35576494 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2078308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest public health threats worldwide. Currently, antibiotic-resistant bacteria kill 700,000 people every year. These data represent the near future in which we find ourselves, a "post-antibiotic era" where the identification and development of new treatments are key. This review is focused on the current and emerging antimicrobial therapies which can solve this global threat. AREAS COVERED Through a literature search using databases such as Medline and Web of Science, and search engines such as Google Scholar, different antimicrobial therapies were analyzed, including pathogen-oriented therapy, phagotherapy, microbiota and antivirulent therapy. Additionally, the development pathways of new antibiotics were described, emphasizing on the potential advantages that the combination of a drug repurposing strategy with the application of mathematical prediction models could bring to solve the problem of AMRs. EXPERT OPINION This review offers several starting points to solve a single problem: reducing the number of AMR. The data suggest that the strategies described could provide many benefits to improve antimicrobial treatments. However, the development of new antimicrobials remains necessary. Drug repurposing, with the application of mathematical prediction models, is considered to be of interest due to its rapid and effective potential to increase the current therapeutic arsenal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tarín-Pelló
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Farmacia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
| | - Beatriz Suay-García
- ESI International Chair@CEU-UCH, Departamento de Matemáticas, Física y Ciencias Tecnológicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/ Santiago Ramón y Cajal, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - María-Teresa Pérez-Gracia
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Farmacia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
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21
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Velappan N, Nguyen HB, Micheva-Viteva S, Bedinger D, Ye C, Mangadu B, Watts AJ, Meagher R, Bradfute S, Hu B, Waldo GS, Lillo AM. Healthy humans can be a source of antibodies countering COVID-19. Bioengineered 2022; 13:12598-12624. [PMID: 35599623 PMCID: PMC9275966 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2076390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe the isolation of 18 unique anti SARS-CoV-2 human single-chain antibodies from an antibody library derived from healthy donors. The selection used a combination of phage and yeast display technologies and included counter-selection strategies meant to direct the selection of the receptor-binding motif (RBM) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein's receptor binding domain (RBD2). Selected antibodies were characterized in various formats including IgG, using flow cytometry, ELISA, high throughput SPR, and fluorescence microscopy. We report antibodies' RBD2 recognition specificity, binding affinity, and epitope diversity, as well as ability to block RBD2 binding to the human receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and to neutralize authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in vitro. We present evidence supporting that: 1) most of our antibodies (16 out of 18) selectively recognize RBD2; 2) the best performing 8 antibodies target eight different epitopes of RBD2; 3) one of the pairs tested in sandwich assays detects RBD2 with sub-picomolar sensitivity; and 4) two antibody pairs inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection at low nanomolar half neutralization titers. Based on these results, we conclude that our antibodies have high potential for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Importantly, our results indicate that readily available non immune (naïve) antibody libraries obtained from healthy donors can be used to select high-quality monoclonal antibodies, bypassing the need for blood of infected patients, and offering a widely accessible and low-cost alternative to more sophisticated and expensive antibody selection approaches (e.g. single B cell analysis and natural evolution in humanized mice).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nileena Velappan
- Biosciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM87547, USA
| | - Hau B. Nguyen
- Biosciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM87547, USA
| | | | - Daniel Bedinger
- Experimental division, Carterra Inc, Walnut Creek, CA, 94568, USA
| | - Chunyan Ye
- Center for Global Health and Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Betty Mangadu
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA
| | - Austin J. Watts
- Biosciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM87547, USA
- Experimental division, Carterra Inc, Walnut Creek, CA, 94568, USA
- Center for Global Health and Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA
| | - Robert Meagher
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA
| | - Steven Bradfute
- Center for Global Health and Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Bin Hu
- Biosciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM87547, USA
| | - Geoffrey S. Waldo
- Biosciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM87547, USA
| | - Antonietta M. Lillo
- Biosciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM87547, USA
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22
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Wang S, Wang D, Duan Y, Zhou Z, Gao W, Zhang L. Cellular Nanosponges for Biological Neutralization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107719. [PMID: 34783078 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biological neutralization represents a general strategy that deploys therapeutic agents to bind with harmful molecules or infectious pathogens, block their bioactivity, and thus prevent them from causing the diseases. Here, a comprehensive review of using cell-membrane-coated nanoparticles, namely "cellular nanosponges," as host decoys for a wide range of biological neutralization applications is provided. Compared to traditional neutralization strategies, the cellular nanosponges stand out by mimicking susceptible host cells rather than accommodating the structures of the causative agents for the design of therapeutics. As all pathological agents must interact with host cells for bioactivity, nanosponges bypass the diversity of these agents and create function-driven and broad-spectrum neutralization solutions. The review focuses on the recent progress of using this new nanomedicine platform for neutralization against five primary pathological agents, including bacterial toxins, chemical toxicants, inflammatory cytokines, pathological antibodies, and viruses. Existing studies have established cellular nanosponges as versatile tools for biological neutralization. A thorough review of the cellular nanosponge technology is expected to inspire more refined cellular nanosponge designs and unique neutralization applications to address unsolved medical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yaou Duan
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Zhidong Zhou
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Weiwei Gao
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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23
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Cavaco M, Castanho MARB, Neves V. The Use of Antibody-Antibiotic Conjugates to Fight Bacterial Infections. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:835677. [PMID: 35330773 PMCID: PMC8940529 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.835677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is rapidly increasing and it is one of the significant twenty-first century's healthcare challenges. Unfortunately, the development of effective antimicrobial agents is a much slower and complex process compared to the spread of AMR. Consequently, the current options in the treatment of AMR are limited. One of the main alternatives to conventional antibiotics is the use of antibody-antibiotic conjugates (AACs). These innovative bioengineered agents take advantage of the selectivity, favorable pharmacokinetic (PK), and safety of antibodies, allowing the administration of more potent antibiotics with less off-target effects. Although AACs' development is challenging due to the complexity of the three components, namely, the antibody, the antibiotic, and the linker, some successful examples are currently under clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vera Neves
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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24
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Iskandar K, Murugaiyan J, Hammoudi Halat D, Hage SE, Chibabhai V, Adukkadukkam S, Roques C, Molinier L, Salameh P, Van Dongen M. Antibiotic Discovery and Resistance: The Chase and the Race. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:182. [PMID: 35203785 PMCID: PMC8868473 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The history of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) evolution and the diversity of the environmental resistome indicate that AMR is an ancient natural phenomenon. Acquired resistance is a public health concern influenced by the anthropogenic use of antibiotics, leading to the selection of resistant genes. Data show that AMR is spreading globally at different rates, outpacing all efforts to mitigate this crisis. The search for new antibiotic classes is one of the key strategies in the fight against AMR. Since the 1980s, newly marketed antibiotics were either modifications or improvements of known molecules. The World Health Organization (WHO) describes the current pipeline as bleak, and warns about the scarcity of new leads. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of the pre-clinical and clinical pipeline indicates that few antibiotics may reach the market in a few years, predominantly not those that fit the innovative requirements to tackle the challenging spread of AMR. Diversity and innovation are the mainstays to cope with the rapid evolution of AMR. The discovery and development of antibiotics must address resistance to old and novel antibiotics. Here, we review the history and challenges of antibiotics discovery and describe different innovative new leads mechanisms expected to replenish the pipeline, while maintaining a promising possibility to shift the chase and the race between the spread of AMR, preserving antibiotic effectiveness, and meeting innovative leads requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Iskandar
- Department of Mathématiques Informatique et Télécommunications, Université Toulouse III, Paul Sabatier, INSERM, UMR 1295, 31000 Toulouse, France
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut 6573, Lebanon;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon
| | - Jayaseelan Murugaiyan
- Department of Biological Sciences, SRM University–AP, Amaravati 522502, India; (J.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Dalal Hammoudi Halat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Bekaa Campus, Beirut 1103, Lebanon
| | - Said El Hage
- Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon;
| | - Vindana Chibabhai
- Division of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa;
- Microbiology Laboratory, National Health Laboratory Service, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Saranya Adukkadukkam
- Department of Biological Sciences, SRM University–AP, Amaravati 522502, India; (J.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Christine Roques
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Department of Bioprocédés et Systèmes Microbiens, Université Paul Sabtier, Toulouse III, UMR 5503, 31330 Toulouse, France;
| | - Laurent Molinier
- Department of Medical Information, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, INSERM, UMR 1295, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31000 Toulouse, France;
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut 6573, Lebanon;
- Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon;
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia 2408, Cyprus
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25
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Kamuyu G, Suen Cheng Y, Willcocks S, Kewcharoenwong C, Kiratisin P, Taylor PW, Wren BW, Lertmemongkolchai G, Stabler RA, Brown J. Sequential Vaccination With Heterologous Acinetobacter baumannii Strains Induces Broadly Reactive Antibody Responses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:705533. [PMID: 34394105 PMCID: PMC8363311 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.705533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody therapy may be an alternative treatment option for infections caused by the multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterium Acinetobacter baumannii. As A. baumannii has multiple capsular serotypes, a universal antibody therapy would need to target conserved protein antigens rather than the capsular polysaccharides. We have immunized mice with single or multiple A. baumannii strains to induce antibody responses to protein antigens, and then assessed whether these responses provide cross-protection against a collection of genetically diverse clinical A. baumannii isolates. Immunized mice developed antibody responses to multiple protein antigens. Flow cytometry IgG binding assays and immunoblots demonstrated improved recognition of both homologous and heterologous clinical strains in sera from mice immunized with multiple strains compared to a single strain. The capsule partially inhibited bacterial recognition by IgG and the promotion of phagocytosis by human neutrophils. However, after immunization with multiple strains, serum antibodies to protein antigens promoted neutrophil phagocytosis of heterologous A. baumannii strains. In an infection model, mice immunized with multiple strains had lower bacterial counts in the spleen and liver following challenge with a heterologous strain. These data demonstrate that antibodies targeting protein antigens can improve immune recognition and protection against diverse A. baumannii strains, providing support for their use as an antibody therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gathoni Kamuyu
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College London (UCL) Respiratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yat Suen Cheng
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College London (UCL) Respiratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Willcocks
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Infectious and Tropical Disease, Department of Infection Biology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chidchamai Kewcharoenwong
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Unit, Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pattarachai Kiratisin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok-Noi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Peter W Taylor
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan W Wren
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Infectious and Tropical Disease, Department of Infection Biology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ganjana Lertmemongkolchai
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Unit, Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Richard A Stabler
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Infectious and Tropical Disease, Department of Infection Biology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Brown
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College London (UCL) Respiratory, London, United Kingdom
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26
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Antimicrobial immunotherapeutics: past, present and future. Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 5:609-628. [PMID: 34196722 DOI: 10.1042/etls20200348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this age of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) there is an urgent need for novel antimicrobials. One area of recent interest is in developing antimicrobial effector molecules, and even cell-based therapies, based on those of the immune system. In this review, some of the more interesting approaches will be discussed, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, Interferons (IFNs), Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF), Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells, Antibodies, Vaccines and the potential role of trained immunity in protection from and/or treatment of infection.
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27
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Soltanmohammadi B, Piri‐Gavgani S, Basardeh E, Ghanei M, Azizi M, Khaksar Z, Sharifzadeh Z, Badmasti F, Soezi M, Fateh A, Azimi P, Siadat SD, Shooraj F, Bouzari S, Omrani MD, Rahimi‐Jamnani F. Bactericidal fully human single-chain fragment variable antibodies protect mice against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1302. [PMID: 34221401 PMCID: PMC8240403 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, besides the inadequate numbers of effective antibiotics, emphasises the need to find new therapeutic agents against this lethal pathogen. METHODS In this study, to obtain antibody fragments against S. aureus, a human single-chain fragment variable (scFv) library was enriched against living methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) cells, grown in three different conditions, that is human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with plasma, whole blood and biofilm. The antibacterial activity of scFvs was evaluated by the growth inhibition assay in vitro. Furthermore, the therapeutic efficacy of anti-S. aureus scFvs was appraised in a mouse model of bacteraemia. RESULTS Three scFv antibodies, that is MEH63, MEH158 and MEH183, with unique sequences, were found, which exhibited significant binding to S. aureus and reduced the viability of S. aureus in in vitro inhibition assays. Based on the results, MEH63, MEH158 and MEH183, in addition to their combination, could prolong the survival rate, reduce the bacterial burden in the blood and prevent inflammation and tissue destruction in the kidneys and spleen of mice with MRSA bacteraemia compared with the vehicle group (treated with normal saline). CONCLUSION The combination therapy with anti-S. aureus scFvs and conventional antibiotics might shed light on the treatment of patients with S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnoush Soltanmohammadi
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary ResearchPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
- Microbiology Research CenterPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Somayeh Piri‐Gavgani
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary ResearchPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
- Microbiology Research CenterPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Eilnaz Basardeh
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary ResearchPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
- Microbiology Research CenterPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research CenterSystems Biology and Poisoning InstituteBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Masoumeh Azizi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research CenterPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Zabihollah Khaksar
- Department of Basic SciencesSchool of Veterinary MedicineShiraz UniversityShirazIran
| | | | - Farzad Badmasti
- Department of BacteriologyPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Mahdieh Soezi
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary ResearchPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
- Microbiology Research CenterPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Abolfazl Fateh
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary ResearchPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
- Microbiology Research CenterPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Parisa Azimi
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary ResearchPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
- Microbiology Research CenterPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary ResearchPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
- Microbiology Research CenterPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Fahimeh Shooraj
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary ResearchPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
- Microbiology Research CenterPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Saeid Bouzari
- Molecular Biology DepartmentPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Department of Medical GeneticsSchool of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Fatemeh Rahimi‐Jamnani
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary ResearchPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
- Microbiology Research CenterPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
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28
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Antonelli G, Cappelli L, Cinelli P, Cuffaro R, Manca B, Nicchi S, Tondi S, Vezzani G, Viviani V, Delany I, Scarselli M, Schiavetti F. Strategies to Tackle Antimicrobial Resistance: The Example of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4943. [PMID: 34066555 PMCID: PMC8125385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional antimicrobial treatments consist of drugs which target different essential functions in pathogens. Nevertheless, bacteria continue to evolve new mechanisms to evade this drug-mediated killing with surprising speed on the deployment of each new drug and antibiotic worldwide, a phenomenon called antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Nowadays, AMR represents a critical health threat, for which new medical interventions are urgently needed. By 2050, it is estimated that the leading cause of death will be through untreatable AMR pathogens. Although antibiotics remain a first-line treatment, non-antibiotic therapies such as prophylactic vaccines and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are increasingly interesting alternatives to limit the spread of such antibiotic resistant microorganisms. For the discovery of new vaccines and mAbs, the search for effective antigens that are able to raise protective immune responses is a challenging undertaking. In this context, outer membrane vesicles (OMV) represent a promising approach, as they recapitulate the complete antigen repertoire that occurs on the surface of Gram-negative bacteria. In this review, we present Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as specific examples of key AMR threats caused by Gram-negative bacteria and we discuss the current status of mAbs and vaccine approaches under development as well as how knowledge on OMV could benefit antigen discovery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Antonelli
- GSK Vaccines, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (R.C.); (B.M.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (G.V.); (V.V.); (I.D.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Luigia Cappelli
- GSK Vaccines, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (R.C.); (B.M.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (G.V.); (V.V.); (I.D.)
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Cinelli
- GSK Vaccines, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (R.C.); (B.M.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (G.V.); (V.V.); (I.D.)
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rossella Cuffaro
- GSK Vaccines, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (R.C.); (B.M.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (G.V.); (V.V.); (I.D.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Benedetta Manca
- GSK Vaccines, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (R.C.); (B.M.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (G.V.); (V.V.); (I.D.)
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sonia Nicchi
- GSK Vaccines, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (R.C.); (B.M.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (G.V.); (V.V.); (I.D.)
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Tondi
- GSK Vaccines, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (R.C.); (B.M.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (G.V.); (V.V.); (I.D.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giacomo Vezzani
- GSK Vaccines, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (R.C.); (B.M.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (G.V.); (V.V.); (I.D.)
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Viola Viviani
- GSK Vaccines, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (R.C.); (B.M.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (G.V.); (V.V.); (I.D.)
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Isabel Delany
- GSK Vaccines, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (R.C.); (B.M.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (G.V.); (V.V.); (I.D.)
| | - Maria Scarselli
- GSK Vaccines, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (R.C.); (B.M.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (G.V.); (V.V.); (I.D.)
| | - Francesca Schiavetti
- GSK Vaccines, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (R.C.); (B.M.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (G.V.); (V.V.); (I.D.)
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Micoli F, Bagnoli F, Rappuoli R, Serruto D. The role of vaccines in combatting antimicrobial resistance. Nat Rev Microbiol 2021; 19:287-302. [PMID: 33542518 PMCID: PMC7861009 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-020-00506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The use of antibiotics has enabled the successful treatment of bacterial infections, saving the lives and improving the health of many patients worldwide. However, the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been highlighted as a global threat by different health organizations, and pathogens resistant to antimicrobials cause substantial morbidity and death. As resistance to multiple drugs increases, novel and effective therapies as well as prevention strategies are needed. In this Review, we discuss evidence that vaccines can have a major role in fighting AMR. Vaccines are used prophylactically, decreasing the number of infectious disease cases, and thus antibiotic use and the emergence and spread of AMR. We also describe the current state of development of vaccines against resistant bacterial pathogens that cause a substantial disease burden both in high-income countries and in low- and medium-income countries, discuss possible obstacles that hinder progress in vaccine development and speculate on the impact of next-generation vaccines against bacterial infectious diseases on AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Micoli
- grid.425088.3GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Siena, Italy
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30
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Lillo AM, Velappan N, Kelliher JM, Watts AJ, Merriman SP, Vuyisich G, Lilley LM, Coombs KE, Mastren T, Teshima M, Stein BW, Wagner GL, Iyer S, Bradbury ARM, Harris JF, Dichosa AE, Kozimor SA. Development of Anti- Yersinia pestis Human Antibodies with Features Required for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications. Immunotargets Ther 2020; 9:299-316. [PMID: 33294421 PMCID: PMC7716875 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s267077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yersinia pestis is a category A infective agent that causes bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic plague. Notably, the acquisition of antimicrobial or multidrug resistance through natural or purposed means qualifies Y. pestis as a potential biothreat agent. Therefore, high-quality antibodies designed for accurate and sensitive Y. pestis diagnostics, and therapeutics potentiating or replacing traditional antibiotics are of utmost need for national security and public health preparedness. METHODS Here, we describe a set of human monoclonal immunoglobulins (IgG1s) targeting Y. pestis fraction 1 (F1) antigen, previously derived from in vitro evolution of a phage-display library of single-chain antibodies (scFv). We extensively characterized these antibodies and their effect on bacterial and mammalian cells via: ELISA, flow cytometry, mass spectrometry, spectroscopy, and various metabolic assays. RESULTS Two of our anti-F1 IgG (αF1Ig 2 and αF1Ig 8) stood out for high production yield, specificity, and stability. These two antibodies were additionally attractive in that they displayed picomolar affinity, did not compete when binding Y. pestis, and retained immunoreactivity upon chemical derivatization. Most importantly, these antibodies detected <1,000 Y. pestis cells in sandwich ELISA, did not harm respiratory epithelial cells, induced Y. pestis agglutination at low concentration (350 nM), and caused apparent reduction in cell growth when radiolabeled at a nonagglutinating concentration (34 nM). CONCLUSION These antibodies are amenable to the development of accurate and sensitive diagnostics and immuno/radioimmunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta M Lillo
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Nileena Velappan
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Julia M Kelliher
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Austin J Watts
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Samuel P Merriman
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Grace Vuyisich
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Laura M Lilley
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Kent E Coombs
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Tara Mastren
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Munehiro Teshima
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Benjamin W Stein
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Gregory L Wagner
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Srinivas Iyer
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | | | | | - Armand E Dichosa
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Stosh A Kozimor
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
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31
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Lai JY, Lim TS. Infectious disease antibodies for biomedical applications: A mini review of immune antibody phage library repertoire. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:640-648. [PMID: 32650013 PMCID: PMC7340592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antibody phage display is regarded as a critical tool for the development of monoclonal antibodies for infectious diseases. The different classes of antibody libraries are classified based on the source of repertoire used to generate the libraries. Immune antibody libraries are generated from disease infected host or immunization against an infectious agent. Antibodies derived from immune libraries are distinct from those derived from naïve libraries as the host's in vivo immune mechanisms shape the antibody repertoire to yield high affinity antibodies. As the immune system is constantly evolving in accordance to the health state of an individual, immune libraries can offer more than just infection-specific antibodies but also antibodies derived from the memory B-cells much like naïve libraries. The combinatorial nature of the gene cloning process would give rise to a combination of natural and un-natural antibody gene pairings in the immune library. These factors have a profound impact on the coverage of immune antibody libraries to target both disease-specific and non-disease specific antigens. This review looks at the diverse nature of antibody responses for immune library generation and discusses the extended potential of a disease-specified immune library in the context of phage display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yi Lai
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Theam Soon Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia; Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
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Corrêa RCG, Heleno SA, Alves MJ, Ferreira ICFR. Bacterial Resistance: Antibiotics of Last Generation used in Clinical Practice and the Arise of Natural Products as New Therapeutic Alternatives. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:815-837. [PMID: 32091328 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200224105153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to therapeutical drugs has been a serious issue over the last decades. In fact, the quick development of resistance mechanisms by the microorganisms has been fatal for millions of people around the world, turning into a public health issue. The major cause of the resistance mechanisms is the overuse of antimicrobials. European countries try to implement mechanisms to overcome antimicrobial resistance in the community through the rational use of antimicrobials. The scientific community has been exhaustively dedicated to the discovering of new, safer and efficient drugs, being the exploitation of natural resources, mainly plants and fungi, considered as a hot topic in the field of antimicrobial agents. Innumerous reports have already shown the promising capacity of natural products or molecules extracted from these natural resources, to act as bacteriostatic and bactericidal agents. More importantly, these natural agents present significantly lower harmful effects. Bearing that in mind, this review aims at giving a contribution to the knowledge about the synthetic antibiotics of the last generation. Moreover, it is intended to provide information about the last advances regarding the discovery of new antimicrobial agents. Thus, a compilation of the chemical characteristics, efficiency, harmful outcomes and resistance mechanisms developed by the microorganisms can be consulted in the following sections together with a critical discussion, in line with the recent approaches. Furthermore, modern strategies for the prospection of novel anti-infective compounds for tackling resistant bacteria have been considered as also a current synopsis of plants and mushrooms with relevant antimicrobial potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rúbia C G Corrêa
- Centro de Investigacao de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politecnico de Braganca, Campus de Santa Apolonia, Braganca, Portugal.,Program of Master in Science, Technology and Food Safety, Cesumar Institute of Science Technology and Innovation (ICETI), University Center of Maringa (UNICESUMAR), Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Sandrina A Heleno
- Centro de Investigacao de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politecnico de Braganca, Campus de Santa Apolonia, Braganca, Portugal
| | - Maria J Alves
- Centro de Investigacao de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politecnico de Braganca, Campus de Santa Apolonia, Braganca, Portugal
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigacao de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politecnico de Braganca, Campus de Santa Apolonia, Braganca, Portugal
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Entomogenous fungi isolated from Cryptotympana atrata with antibacterial and antifungal activity. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2020; 113:1507-1521. [PMID: 32852662 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-020-01459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Although many entomogenous fungi have been discovered over the years, few studies on the crude extracts of fungi isolated from Cryptotympana atrata with antibacterial and antifungal activity were reported. In this study, total twenty entomogenous fungi were isolated for the first time. And among of them, two pure cultures were identified as Purpureocillium lilacinum and Aspergillus fumigatus with apparent morphology, microscopic identification and 18S rRNA gene sequence. The active strains were fermented to optimize in six different culture media at three different pH values. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the metabolites were more potent and efficient in Fungal medium 3# at a pH of 6.2 than in the other tested media or at the other tested pH values. Total seven human pathogens and one insect pathogen were used to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of crude extracts, among which 25% of the extracts exhibited antifungal activity against Verticillium lecanii, while 33.3% and 47.2% of the extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against the important human pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, respectively. The range of the MICs was from 15.6 to 250 μg mL-1, and 35% of the fungal metabolites exhibited antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus thuringiensis and Enterobacter aerogenes at 1000 μg mL-1 except the previously described antibacterial activities. Furthermore, the phylogenetic relationships of the two identified fungi were also constructed. In brief, it is the first reporting about enthompathogenic fungi from Cryptotympana atrata and provides candidate strains with potential use as biological agents and against multidrug-resistant organisms.
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Maes M, Dyson ZA, Smith SE, Goulding DA, Ludden C, Baker S, Kellam P, Reece ST, Dougan G, Bartholdson Scott J. A novel therapeutic antibody screening method using bacterial high-content imaging reveals functional antibody binding phenotypes of Escherichia coli ST131. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12414. [PMID: 32709982 PMCID: PMC7382476 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and lack of new classes of licensed antimicrobials, have made alternative treatment options for AMR pathogens increasingly attractive. Recent studies have demonstrated anti-bacterial efficacy of a humanised monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting the O25b O-antigen of Escherichia coli ST131. To evaluate the phenotypic effects of antibody binding to diverse clinical E. coli ST131 O25b bacterial isolates in high-throughput, we designed a novel mAb screening method using high-content imaging (HCI) and image-based morphological profiling to screen a mAb targeting the O25b O-antigen. Screening the antibody against a panel of 86 clinical E. coli ST131 O25:H4 isolates revealed 4 binding phenotypes: no binding (18.60%), weak binding (4.65%), strong binding (69.77%) and strong agglutinating binding (6.98%). Impaired antibody binding could be explained by the presence of insertion sequences or mutations in O-antigen or lipopolysaccharide core biosynthesis genes, affecting the amount, structure or chain length of the O-antigen. The agglutinating binding phenotype was linked with lower O-antigen density, enhanced antibody-mediated phagocytosis and increased serum susceptibly. This study highlights the need to screen candidate mAbs against large panels of clinically relevant isolates, and that HCI can be used to evaluate mAb binding affinity and potential functional efficacy against AMR bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mailis Maes
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zoe A Dyson
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Stephen Baker
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Kellam
- Kymab Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Gordon Dougan
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Josefin Bartholdson Scott
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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De Oliveira DMP, Forde BM, Kidd TJ, Harris PNA, Schembri MA, Beatson SA, Paterson DL, Walker MJ. Antimicrobial Resistance in ESKAPE Pathogens. Clin Microbiol Rev 2020; 23:788-99. [PMID: 32404435 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant ESKAPE ( Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) pathogens represent a global threat to human health. The acquisition of antimicrobial resistance genes by ESKAPE pathogens has reduced the treatment options for serious infections, increased the burden of disease, and increased death rates due to treatment failure and requires a coordinated global response for antimicrobial resistance surveillance. This looming health threat has restimulated interest in the development of new antimicrobial therapies, has demanded the need for better patient care, and has facilitated heightened governance over stewardship practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M P De Oliveira
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Brian M Forde
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Timothy J Kidd
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Patrick N A Harris
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark A Schembri
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Scott A Beatson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - David L Paterson
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark J Walker
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
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De Oliveira DMP, Forde BM, Kidd TJ, Harris PNA, Schembri MA, Beatson SA, Paterson DL, Walker MJ. Antimicrobial Resistance in ESKAPE Pathogens. Clin Microbiol Rev 2020; 33:e00181-19. [PMID: 32404435 PMCID: PMC7227449 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00181-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 858] [Impact Index Per Article: 214.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant ESKAPE ( Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) pathogens represent a global threat to human health. The acquisition of antimicrobial resistance genes by ESKAPE pathogens has reduced the treatment options for serious infections, increased the burden of disease, and increased death rates due to treatment failure and requires a coordinated global response for antimicrobial resistance surveillance. This looming health threat has restimulated interest in the development of new antimicrobial therapies, has demanded the need for better patient care, and has facilitated heightened governance over stewardship practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M P De Oliveira
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Brian M Forde
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Timothy J Kidd
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Patrick N A Harris
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark A Schembri
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Scott A Beatson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - David L Paterson
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark J Walker
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
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Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) as a potential therapeutic target for Acinetobacter baumannii infection. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:26. [PMID: 31954394 PMCID: PMC6969976 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-0617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is an important opportunistic pathogen causing serious nosocomial infections, which is considered as the most threatening Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). Outer membrane protein A (OmpA), a major component of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) in GNB, is a key virulence factor which mediates bacterial biofilm formation, eukaryotic cell infection, antibiotic resistance and immunomodulation. The characteristics of OmpA in Escherichia coli (E. coli) have been extensively studied since 1974, but only in recent years researchers started to clarify the functions of OmpA in A. baumannii. In this review, we summarized the structure and functions of OmpA in A. baumannii (AbOmpA), collected novel therapeutic strategies against it for treating A. baumannii infection, and emphasized the feasibility of using AbOmpA as a potential therapeutic target.
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Shang Z, Chan SY, Song Q, Li P, Huang W. The Strategies of Pathogen-Oriented Therapy on Circumventing Antimicrobial Resistance. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2020; 2020:2016201. [PMID: 33083786 PMCID: PMC7539235 DOI: 10.34133/2020/2016201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The emerging antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses serious threats to the global public health. Conventional antibiotics have been eclipsed in combating with drug-resistant bacteria. Moreover, the developing and deploying of novel antimicrobial drugs have trudged, as few new antibiotics are being developed over time and even fewer of them can hit the market. Alternative therapeutic strategies to resolve the AMR crisis are urgently required. Pathogen-oriented therapy (POT) springs up as a promising approach in circumventing antibiotic resistance. The tactic underling POT is applying antibacterial compounds or materials directly to infected regions to treat specific bacteria species or strains with goals of improving the drug efficacy and reducing nontargeting and the development of drug resistance. This review exemplifies recent trends in the development of POTs for circumventing AMR, including the adoption of antibiotic-antibiotic conjugates, antimicrobial peptides, therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, nanotechnologies, CRISPR-Cas systems, and microbiota modulations. Employing these alternative approaches alone or in combination shows promising advantages for addressing the growing clinical embarrassment of antibiotics in fighting drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifang Shang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Siew Yin Chan
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Qing Song
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peng Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
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Antibody recognition of bacterial surfaces and extracellular polysaccharides. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2019; 62:48-55. [PMID: 31874385 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Because of the ongoing increase in antibiotic-resistant microbes, new strategies such as therapeutic antibodies and effective vaccines are required. Bacterial carbohydrates are known to be particularly antigenic, and several monoclonal antibodies that target bacterial polysaccharides have been generated, with more in current development. This review examines the known 3D crystal structures of anti-bacterial antibodies and the structural basis for carbohydrate recognition and explores the potential mechanisms for antibody-dependent bacterial cell death. Understanding the key interactions between an antibody and its polysaccharide target on the surface of bacteria or in biofilms can provide essential information for the development of more specific and effective antibody therapeutics as well as carbohydrate-based vaccines.
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