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Davis HA, Rush M, Smith GT. Reciprocal relations between body dissatisfaction and excessive exercise in college women. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:1473-1479. [PMID: 35728008 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2080508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Body dissatisfaction elevates the risk for disordered eating behaviors. Excessive exercise is prevalent among college women and associated with harm. Risk theory posits a bidirectional relationship between risk factors for disordered eating behaviors and the behaviors themselves. This study investigated the longitudinal, reciprocal relationship between body dissatisfaction and excessive exercise. Participants and methods: College women (n = 302) assessed in August (baseline) and November (follow-up). Results: Baseline body dissatisfaction significantly predicted increases in excessive exercise endorsement at follow-up, controlling for baseline excessive exercise endorsement and body mass index (BMI). Baseline excessive exercise endorsement predicted increases in body dissatisfaction at follow-up, controlling for baseline body dissatisfaction and BMI. Conclusions: Findings support the presence of a positive feedback loop between body dissatisfaction and excessive exercise; both predict increases in risk for the other, regardless of weight status. Future research should test whether this process is ongoing and predicts further distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Davis
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Molly Rush
- Barnes-Jewish Hospital System in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gregory T Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Davis HA, Smith ZR, Smith GT. Longitudinal transactions between negative urgency and fasting predict binge eating. Appetite 2024; 192:107113. [PMID: 37924849 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Fasting and negative urgency (the disposition to act rashly when distressed) are risk factors for binge eating. It may be that each influences the other over time to predict binge eating. OBJECTIVE This study tested whether (1) fasting predicts binge eating through negative urgency, and (2) negative urgency predicts binge eating through fasting. METHOD Path analysis and mediation tests were used to investigate objectives in n = 302 college women assessed three times over eight months. We controlled for each variable at the previous time point, and concurrent negative affect and body mass index at each time point. RESULTS Time 1 (T1) fasting predicted elevated negative urgency three months later at Time 2 (T2) and T2 negative urgency predicted increases in binge eating five months later at Time 3 (T3). T2 negative urgency mediated the relationship between T1 fasting and T3 binge eating. T1 negative urgency predicted increases in T2 fasting, which then predicted increases in T3 binge eating. T2 fasting mediated the relationship between T1 negative urgency and T3 binge eating. DISCUSSION Findings suggest fasting and negative urgency transact to predict binge eating among college women. Interventions targeting negative urgency may prevent or reduce both fasting and binge eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Davis
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA.
| | - Zoe R Smith
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, USA
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Schick MR, Williams JN, Kirk-Provencher KT, Cyders MA, Spillane NS. Application of the acquired preparedness model for alcohol and cigarette use among reserve-dwelling first nation adolescents. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2022; 36:955-964. [PMID: 34928639 PMCID: PMC9207148 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE North American Indigenous youth experience disproportionate harm associated with alcohol and cigarette use compared to other racial/ethnic groups. The Acquired Preparedness Model (APM), developed and tested in primarily White samples, hypothesizes that urgency contributes to risk for substance use by influencing the degree to which adolescents attend to positive aspects of substance use, leading to the development of more positive expectations about the consequences of substance use, and increasing subsequent substance use. The purpose of the present study was to provide an initial test of whether the APM generalizes to understanding alcohol and cigarette use among high-risk First Nation adolescents. METHOD First Nation adolescents (n = 106, Mage = 14.6, 50.0% female) recruited from reserve communities in Eastern Canada completed self-report measures as part of a larger community-based participatory research project. Procedures were approved by tribal chief, council, and university IRB. RESULTS The hypothesized model demonstrated excellent fit for alcohol use, χ²(1) = 1.07, p = .30, CFI = 0.99, RMSEA = .03, SRMR = .02, and adequate fit for cigarette use, χ²(1) = 2.58, p = .11, CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.12, SRMR = 0.03. The indirect effects of urgency on alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking through alcohol and cigarette expectancies were each significant. CONCLUSIONS Findings of the present study provide initial support for the generalizability of the APM in understanding risk for alcohol and cigarette use among reserve-dwelling First Nation youth. The next important step is to replicate this finding in a prospective sample. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R. Schick
- PATHS Lab, University of Rhode Island Department of Psychology, 142 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881
| | - Jessica N. Williams
- PATHS Lab, University of Rhode Island Department of Psychology, 142 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881
| | | | - Melissa A. Cyders
- Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis Department of Psychology, 402 North Blackford Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Nichea S. Spillane
- PATHS Lab, University of Rhode Island Department of Psychology, 142 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881
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Short term effects of the REAL media e-learning media literacy substance prevention curriculum: An RCT of adolescents disseminated through a community organization. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 214:108170. [PMID: 32693198 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term effects of testing an e-learning program to reduce adolescent substance use and abuse. Early initiation of substance use is linked to a variety of negative outcomes, thus effective intervention programs are needed. One approach is to use media literacy to capitalize on adolescents' immersion with media in a variety of forms. We developed, implemented, and tested an engaging substance use prevention program by collaborating with a youth-oriented community partner (4-H). METHODS 639 middle adolescents from nine U.S. states participated in an RCT of REAL media. Participants completed a series of online surveys and were randomized to use an online substance prevention program (REAL media) or serve as control (delayed program use). Self-report surveys were administered at three points in time. This short-term evaluation uses data from the pretest (Time 1) and short-term posttest three-month surveys, which measured demographics, self-efficacy to counterargue, and injunctive and descriptive substance use norms. RESULTS Participants who completed the REAL media program reported increased self-efficacy to counterargue and decreased positive injunctive norms compared to control participants who did not complete the program. No significant differences were observed for descriptive norms. CONCLUSIONS We found support for the REAL media program in changing key predictors of youth substance use demonstrating (1) the efficacy of media literacy interventions targeting adolescents and (2) that e-learning substance use prevention efforts can be adapted for and implemented through community organizations.
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Atkinson EA, Ortiz AML, Smith GT. Affective Risk for Problem Drinking: Reciprocal Influences Among Negative Urgency, Affective Lability, and Rumination. Curr Drug Res Rev 2020; 12:42-51. [PMID: 31736451 DOI: 10.2174/2589977511666191021105154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Affective disturbances have long been implicated in the onset and maintenance of problematic alcohol use. Affective risk theory for problem drinking has moved beyond early documentation that negative affect broadly confers risk to models specifying specific affectbased risk processes. OBJECTIVE This paper provides a theory-driven review of recent literature on the role of affect-based factors in the etiology of problematic alcohol use. First, we review recent advances in the understanding of affect-based risk for problem drinking. Second, we highlight the importance of three specific affect-based risk factors: urgency, affective lability, and rumination. Third, we offer hypotheses regarding the reciprocal relationships between specific risk factors and drinking problems. Finally, we suggest possible avenues for future research. CONCLUSION Recent advances in the understanding of reciprocal prediction between affect-based risk factors and problem drinking have set the stage for important new avenues of investigation into the risk process. Affect-based risk processes appear to influence each otherover time, and they influence and are influenced by problem drinking. Further understanding of these processes will pave the way for a new generation of intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Atkinson
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY, 40506, Kentucky, United States
| | - Anna M L Ortiz
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY, 40506, Kentucky, United States
| | - Gregory T Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY, 40506, Kentucky, United States
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Davis HA, Ortiz AML, Smith GT. Transactions between early binge eating and personality predict transdiagnostic risk. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2019; 27:614-627. [PMID: 31095835 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric comorbidities are prevalent in youth eating disorders. In a sample of 1,906 youth from the United States (49.2% female), followed from elementary school into high school, we found support for a model to help explain this comorbidity. Endorsement of binge eating in fifth grade (elementary school) predicted increases in negative urgency, negative affect, and lack of planning in seventh grade (middle school). In turn, seventh grade negative urgency predicted increases in 10th grade (high school) externalizing dysfunction (binge eating, alcohol use problems, and smoking) and internalizing dysfunction (depressive symptoms). Seventh grade negative affect predicted increases in 10th grade binge eating and depressive symptoms. Seventh grade lack of planning predicted increases only in 10th grade externalizing behaviours. Early engagement in binge eating may elevate risk for multiple forms of dysfunction, at least in part due to its prediction of high-risk personality change in middle school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Davis
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Gregory T Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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Bos J, Hayden MJ, Lum JAG, Staiger PK. UPPS-P impulsive personality traits and adolescent cigarette smoking: A meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 197:335-343. [PMID: 30878884 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a critical developmental period in the trajectory of nicotine dependence, highlighting the need for a greater understanding of the modifiable risk factors. An extensive body of research has found that trait impulsivity is associated with higher levels of adolescent smoking; however, findings have been mixed. The present study aimed to synthesise existing literature to determine the strength and nature of the relationship between the UPPS-P impulsive traits and both adolescent cigarette consumption and nicotine dependence. METHODS Fifty-one studies were meta-analysed using a random effects model to determine the association between each UPPS-P impulsive trait and both adolescent cigarette consumption and nicotine dependence. Age, gender, ethnicity and sample type were examined as potential moderators. RESULTS Cigarette consumption was positively associated with each UPPS-P impulsive trait (r's ranging from 0.17-0.20). There were an insufficient number of studies to meta-analyse the association between nicotine dependence and the UPPS-P impulsive traits. There were no significant moderation effects of age, gender, ethnicity or sample type. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that each UPPS-P impulsive trait shares similar associations with adolescent cigarette consumption. Additional studies are needed to determine the relationship between adolescent nicotine dependence and impulsivity. As most adult smokers initiate during adolescence, targeting these impulsive traits via novel prevention and intervention strategies may assist in reducing the prevalence of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Bos
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 225 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia.
| | - Melissa J Hayden
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 225 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia.
| | - Jarrad A G Lum
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 225 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia.
| | - Petra K Staiger
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 225 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia.
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Doran N, Tully L. Impulsivity and tobacco product use over time. Addict Behav 2018; 85:153-157. [PMID: 29907346 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Impulsivity has been consistently associated with greater likelihood and intensity of cigarette smoking, but most studies have been cross-sectional. Additionally, while some initial studies are suggestive, less is known about links between impulsivity and use of e-cigarettes or hookah tobacco. The goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the urgency and sensation seeking aspects of impulsivity would be prospectively associated with patterns of cigarette, e-cigarette, and hookah tobacco use over time. Young adults (n = 335; 56% male) aged 18-24 who were non- and never-daily cigarette smokers at baseline completed 9 online assessments of tobacco product use over two years. Longitudinal negative binomial regression models were used to evaluate relationships between impulsivity components and product use. Frequency of use of all three products declined over time. Higher levels of positive urgency (cigarette), negative urgency (hookah), and lack of premeditation (e-cigarette, hookah) were associated with smaller reductions in frequency of specific products. Additionally, higher negative urgency predicted greater quantity of cigarettes consumed, and higher sensation seeking was associated with more frequent e-cigarette use. Findings suggest impulsivity components differentially predict tobacco use over time, indicating that motives and/or risk factors for tobacco use may be product-specific.
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Stevens AK, Blanchard BE, Littlefield AK. Impulsive dispositions and alcohol: what we know, how we know it, and where to go from here. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2018; 5:4. [PMID: 29556398 PMCID: PMC5845171 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-018-0081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relations between impulsigenic traits and alcohol-related outcomes have been the focus of much research, yet precise relations remain elusive. Historically, research used broadband conceptualizations of impulsivity, which yielded inconclusive findings. Attempts to ameliorate this problem led to more work on narrowband assessments of impulsivity. Despite that several narrowband self-report measures exist, few demonstrate adequate psychometric properties. Given the limits of self-report, researchers have also utilized laboratory-based measures of impulsive dispositions; however, this seems to have contributed more uncertainty to the literature. REVIEW We review commonly used self-report and laboratory-based measures of narrowband impulsivity, as well as assessments of alcohol-related constructs (e.g., consumption and consequences). We discuss remaining issues in impulsivity and alcohol assessment, which limit understanding of how impulsigenic traits influence alcohol-related behaviors. Cutting-edge conceptualizations and assessment of state-level impulsivity are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS More work is necessary to further this area of research, including establishing consistent nomenclature and a cohesive conceptualization of impulsigenic traits as they relate to alcohol use and alcohol use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela K. Stevens
- Department of Psychological Sciences Texas Tech University, MS 2051 Psychological Sciences Building, Rm. 404, Lubbock, Texas 79409-2051 USA
| | - Brittany E. Blanchard
- Department of Psychological Sciences Texas Tech University, MS 2051 Psychological Sciences Building, Rm. 404, Lubbock, Texas 79409-2051 USA
| | - Andrew K. Littlefield
- Department of Psychological Sciences Texas Tech University, MS 2051 Psychological Sciences Building, Rm. 404, Lubbock, Texas 79409-2051 USA
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Piña JA, Namba MD, Leyrer-Jackson JM, Cabrera-Brown G, Gipson CD. Social Influences on Nicotine-Related Behaviors. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 140:1-32. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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