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Bennett CJ, Glassman TJ, Saltzman B, Dake JA, Kruse-Diehr A. A Pilot Evaluation of the Respect You Curriculum. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2024; 94:687-696. [PMID: 38863265 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study is to evaluate the Respect YOU program's impact on students' eating expectancies, body image satisfaction levels, self-efficacy, and knowledge. A total of 444 (intervention cohort n = 348, control cohort n = 96) underclassmen enrolled in health or physical education courses from 7 high schools in the Midwest participated in the study. METHODS A repeated measure research design was utilized to assess students' eating expectancies, body image satisfaction levels, self-efficacy, and knowledge. More specifically, paired t-tests were conducted to compare outcome measurements to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention. RESULTS Among the students who received the intervention (n = 348), there was a statistically significant change in scores for eating expectancies (Z = -14.403, p < .001), body image satisfaction levels (Z = -14.114, p < .001), social media self-efficacy (Z = 14.868, p < .001), and knowledge scales (Z = -16.100, p < .001) at post-intervention and compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that the Respect YOU program was effective in improving body image scores, eating expectancies, self-esteem, and knowledge-related outcomes among students post-intervention. These results can be used to further develop educational programming to address body image concerns and disordered eating among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly J Bennett
- School of Health and Human Services, Department of Health Sciences, Indiana University Fort Wayne, 2101 East Coliseum Boulevard, Fort Wayne, Fort wayne, IN, 46815
| | - Tavis J Glassman
- School of Population Health, College of Health and Human Services, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, MS 109, Toledo, OH, 43606
| | - Barbara Saltzman
- School of Population Health, College of Health and Human Services, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, MS 109, Toledo, OH, 43606
| | - Joseph A Dake
- School of Population Health, College of Health and Human Services, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, MS 109, Toledo, OH, 43606
| | - Aaron Kruse-Diehr
- School of Health, Behavior & Society, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, 151 Washington Avenue, Bowman Hall 345, Lexington, KY, 40536
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Greene K, Hecht ML. Engagement with Adolescent Substance Prevention Messages: Impact and Dissemination of REAL Media. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024:1-4. [PMID: 38477325 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2326267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
This article reviews the development and testing of a youth substance prevention program, REAL media. The contributions of this body of research include theoretical development, measurement, and dissemination of an efficacious independently evaluated program. Special attention is given to the impact of the program through collaborations with multiple community groups and multiple phases of development and testing.
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Corcoran E, Doucette H, Merrill JE, Pielech M, López G, Egbert A, Nelapati S, Gabrielli J, Colby SM, Jackson KM. A qualitative analysis of adolescents' perspectives on peer and influencer alcohol-related posts on social media. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:13-27. [PMID: 37533232 PMCID: PMC10834843 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescent exposure to alcohol-related content on social media is common and associated with alcohol use and perceived norms; however, little is known about how exposure differs by the source of the content (e.g., peer or 'influencer'). The purpose of this study was to utilise qualitative methods to compare adolescent perspectives on peer- versus influencer-generated alcohol content on social media. METHODS Nine virtual semi-structured focus groups were conducted with adolescents (aged 15-19 years), following a general script aimed at ascertaining adolescent comparative perspectives on peer and influencer alcohol-related media content and the contexts in which it occurs. RESULTS Five main themes emerged: (i) although both influencers and peers post predominantly positively-valenced alcohol content online, adolescents perceived some differences between these posts; (ii) adolescents perceived their peers to be more cautious and strategic when posting about alcohol than influencers are; (iii) the decision to engage with peer or influencer alcohol-related posts is influenced by a number of factors; (iv) both peer and influencer posts were perceived to send the message that drinking is acceptable, normal or cool; and (v) adolescents believed they are more likely to be influenced by peers' alcohol posts than influencers' alcohol posts, with some exceptions. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Future studies should aim to further understand the unique attributes and circumstances in which exposure to peer and influencer alcohol-related posts impact adolescent alcohol-related cognitions and behaviours. This knowledge will inform prevention and intervention efforts, such as media literacy training and media-specific parenting practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Corcoran
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Hannah Doucette
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Merrill
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, USA
| | - Melissa Pielech
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Gabriela López
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, USA
| | - Amy Egbert
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Storrs, USA
| | - Shimei Nelapati
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Joy Gabrielli
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Suzanne M. Colby
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Kristina M. Jackson
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, USA
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dos Santos PC, da Costa BGG, Lopes MVV, Malheiros LEA, Arundell L, da Silva KS. Cross-Sectional Associations of Screen Time Activities With Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption Among Brazilian Adolescents. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605816. [PMID: 37519435 PMCID: PMC10372219 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Little is known about the association between specific types of screen time and adolescents' substance use. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the associations between screen time for studying, working, watching movies, playing games, and using social media and frequency of alcohol and tobacco use. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, Brazilian adolescents answered survey questions related to frequency of tobacco and alcohol consumption, and reported their daily volume of five types of screen time. Multilevel ordered logistic regression models were performed. Results: Each 1-hour increase in ST for studying was associated with 26% lower odds of smoking (OR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.61-0.90) and 17% lower odds of drinking alcohol (OR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.76-0.91) in the past 30 days. The increase of 1 hour of social media use was associated with 10% greater odds of smoking (OR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02-1.18) and a 13% greater chance of consuming alcohol (OR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.08-1.18) in the past 30 days. Conclusion: The association between screen time and substance use appears to be type-specific. Future longitudinal research is needed to explore causal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lauren Arundell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly Samara da Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
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Lepage S, Conway A, Goodson N, Wicks P, Flight L, Devane D. Online randomised trials with children: A scoping review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280965. [PMID: 37228143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paediatric trials must contend with many challenges that adult trials face but often bring additional obstacles. Decentralised trials, where some or all trial methods occur away from a centralised location, are a promising strategy to help meet these challenges. This scoping review aims to (a) identify what methods and tools have been used to create and conduct entirely online-decentralised trials with children and (b) determine the gaps in the knowledge in this field. This review will describe the methods used in these trials to identify their facilitators and the gaps in the knowledge. METHODS The methods were informed by guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institute and the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. We systematically searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, and Embase databases, trial registries, pre-print servers, and the internet. We included randomised and quasi-randomised trials conducted entirely online with participants under 18 published in English. A risk of bias assessment was completed for all included studies. RESULTS Twenty-one trials met our inclusion criteria. The average age of participants was 14.6 years. Social media was the most common method of online recruitment. Most trials employed an external host website to store and protect their data. Duration of trials ranged from single-session interventions up to ten weeks. Fourteen trials compensated participants. Eight trials involved children in their trial design process; none reported compensation for this. Most trials had a low risk of bias in "random sequence generation", "selective reporting", and "other". Most trials had a high risk of bias in "blinding participants and personnel", "blinding of outcome assessment", and "incomplete outcome data". "Allocation concealment" was unclear in most studies. CONCLUSIONS There was a lack of transparent reporting of the recruitment, randomisation, and retention methods used in many of the trials included in this review. Patient and public involvement (PPI) was not common, and the compensation of PPI partners was not reported in any study. Consent methods and protection against fraudulent entries to trials were creative and thoroughly discussed by some trials and not addressed by others. More work and thorough reporting of how these trials are conducted is needed to increase their reproducibility and quality. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was not necessary since all data sources used are publicly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lepage
- Health Research Board-Trials Methodology Research Network (HRB-TMRN), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aislinn Conway
- Evidence Synthesis Ireland, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Noah Goodson
- Data & Analytics, Thread Research, Tustin, California, United States of America
| | - Paul Wicks
- Wicks Digital Health, Lichfield, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Flight
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Piccadilly Plaza, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Declan Devane
- Health Research Board-Trials Methodology Research Network (HRB-TMRN), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Evidence Synthesis Ireland, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Cochrane Ireland, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Intravia J, Vito AG, Rocheleau GC. Low Self-Control and Vaping: The Mediating Role of Health and Risk Perceptions. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:956-966. [PMID: 35341458 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2052102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has shown independent attention in the role of self-control and health/risk perceptions toward vaping in predicting vaping use among youth and young adults. Yet, there are good theoretical notions to believe that low self-control, perceptions toward vaping, and self-reported vaping are intertwined. OBJECTIVES To examine whether three different health/risk perceptions toward vaping mediate the effect of low self-control on vaping use among young adults. METHODS A survey was administered to 325 undergraduate students attending a large university in the Midwest (Mean age = 19.5; 60.4% female; 73.1% White). Single and multiple mediation modeling strategies were used to assess the mediation hypothesis. RESULTS Logistic regression results indicate that individuals with low self-control are more likely to vape (O.R. = 1.041, p < .05). Further, when health/risk perceptions are included in the models individually and simultaneously, it reduces the effect of low self-control on vaping between 15% and 37.5%, and renders low self-control to become non-significant. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest the impact that harm/risk perceptions toward vaping have in engaging in this behavior. Thus, preventative efforts should target potential sources, such as media and advertisements, that may shape young adults' perceptions toward vaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Intravia
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Anthony G Vito
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Gregory C Rocheleau
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
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Greene K, Choi HJ, Glenn SD, Ray AE, Hecht ML. The Role of Engagement in Effective, Digital Prevention Interventions: the Function of Engagement in the REAL Media Substance Use Prevention Curriculum. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2021; 22:247-258. [PMID: 33140287 PMCID: PMC7855866 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-020-01181-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Prevention curricula rely on audience engagement to effectively communicate their messages. However, to date, measurement of engagement has primarily focused on self-report that is often an indicator of liking or satisfaction. Emerging technologies for intervention delivery hold promise not only for additional engagement indicators but also for dissemination outside of traditional vehicles such as classroom delivery. The present study, grounded in the theory of active involvement (Greene 2013), explores the role of engagement (as measured by self-report, program analytics, and observation) with short-term substance use prevention outcomes such as self-efficacy to counter-argue and descriptive and injunctive norms. The study tracks 4-H youth (N = 310) engaged with a media literacy focused e-learning substance prevention curriculum, REAL media. Results indicate that self-reports of engagement predicted self-efficacy to counter-argue, but a program-analytic indicator of dosage predicted lower injunctive and descriptive norms, all at 3 months. The observational indicator was correlated with self-efficacy to counter-argue but not significant in the predictive models. The implications and directions for future research regarding how engagement is measured in prevention and included in studying program effects are discussed. Clinical trial: NCT03157700, May 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shannon D Glenn
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- REAL Prevention LLC, Clifton, NJ, USA
| | - Anne E Ray
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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