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Garnett C, Oldham M, Brose L, Cheeseman H, Cox S. Prevalence and characteristics of co-occurrence of smoking and increasing-and-higher-risk drinking: A population survey in England. Addict Behav 2024; 150:107928. [PMID: 38091779 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking and drinking alcohol both significantly contribute to mortality and morbidity, and there is a need to characterise the sociodemographic and health-related characteristics (e.g. mental distress) of people who do both in order to target resources. This study reports the prevalence and characteristics of adults in the general population in England who both drink alcohol at increasing-and-higher-risk levels and smoke. METHODS We used cross-sectional data from a monthly, nationally representative survey of adults in England (n = 37,258; April 2020-March 2022). Weighted data were used to report prevalence and unweighted data were used to report descriptive statistics for sociodemographic and health-related characteristics. RESULTS The prevalence of both smoking and increasing-and-higher-risk drinking was 4.6% (95% CI = 4.4-4.9; n = 1,574). They smoked a mean of 10.4 (SD = 8.86) cigarettes per day and had a mean AUDIT score of 12.8 (SD = 5.18). Nearly half (48.2%, n = 751) were trying to cut down on their smoking and 28.0% (n = 441) on their drinking. A quarter (25.3%, n = 397) had received General Practitioner advice on smoking while 8.7% (n = 76) had received advice on their drinking. Nearly half (48.6%, n = 745) reported experiencing psychological distress in the past month and 44.6% (n = 529) had a diagnosed mental health condition, both of which were higher than among all adults (28.1% and 29.1%, respectively). CONCLUSION In England, from April 2020 to March 2022, the prevalence of both smoking and increasing-and-higher-risk drinking was 4.6%. This group appears to experience high rates of mental health problems and targeted support is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Garnett
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, United Kingdom; School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TU, United Kingdom.
| | - Melissa Oldham
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, United Kingdom
| | - Leonie Brose
- Addictions Department, King's College London, Addiction Sciences Building, Denmark Hill Campus, 4 Windsor Walk, London SE5 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel Cheeseman
- Action on Smoking and Health, Unit 2.9, The Foundry, 17 Oval Way, London SE11 5RR, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Cox
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, United Kingdom
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Ávila-Burgos L, Guzmán-Saldaña R, Márquez-Corona MDL, Pontigo-Loyola AP, Márquez-Rodríguez S, Mora-Acosta M, Acuña-González GR, Hernández-Morales A, Medina-Solís CE. Socioeconomic Inequalities in Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption: A National Ecological Study in Mexican Adolescents. ScientificWorldJournal 2023; 2023:3604004. [PMID: 37434965 PMCID: PMC10332929 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3604004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol and cigarettes are the psychoactive substances that adolescents use most frequently. When both addictions are combined, they carry the worst burden of disease globally. The objective of this study was to identify whether socioeconomic factors correlate with alcohol and tobacco consumption in Mexican adolescents aged 10 years or more and to establish the relationship in the consumption between the two substances. This ecological study utilized data describing alcohol and tobacco consumption among adolescents aged 10-16 years (n = 48,837 ≈ N = 11,621,100). Having ever consumed any alcohol-containing beverage constituted alcohol consumption. Smoking a cigarette within 30 days constituted cigarette consumption. For both variables, the state-level percentages reported in the survey were used. Diverse socioeconomic variables were collected from official sources. Data on the prevalence of tobacco use and alcohol consumption were entered into an Excel database estimated for each of the states of the Mexican Republic, as well as the socioeconomic variables. We performed the analysis using Stata 14. Consumption prevalence was 15.0% for alcohol and 4.2% for tobacco. Alcohol consumption was not correlated with any studied socioeconomic variable (p > 0.05). The prevalence of tobacco consumption among elementary school students correlated (p < 0.05) with the portion of the population living in private dwellings without sewage, drainage, or sanitation (r = 0.3853). The prevalence of tobacco consumption among middle-school adolescents correlated with the portion of the employed population that earned up to two minimum wages (r = 0.3960), the percentage in poverty by income 2008 (r = 0.4754) and 2010 (r = 0.4531), and the percentage in extreme poverty by income 2008 (r = 0.4612) and 2010 (r = 0.4291). Positive correlations were found between tobacco consumption and alcohol consumption among both elementary (r = 0.5762, p=0.0006) and middle-school children (r = 0.7016, p=0.0000). These results suggest that certain socioeconomic factors correlate with tobacco consumption but not alcohol consumption. A correlation between alcohol consumption and tobacco consumption was observed. The results can be used for developing interventions in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Ávila-Burgos
- Health Systems Research Center, The National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Guzmán-Saldaña
- Academic Area of Psychology, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca, Mexico
| | | | | | - Sonia Márquez-Rodríguez
- Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca, Mexico
| | - Mariana Mora-Acosta
- Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca, Mexico
| | | | | | - Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solís
- Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca, Mexico
- Advanced Studies and Research Center in Dentistry “Keisaburo Miyata”, School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of State of Mexico, Toluca, Mexico
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Garnett C, Oldham M, Shahab L, Tattan-Birch H, Cox S. Characterising smoking and smoking cessation attempts by risk of alcohol dependence: A representative, cross-sectional study of adults in England between 2014-2021. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2022; 18:100418. [PMID: 35814338 PMCID: PMC9257647 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background There is a strong shared association between smoking tobacco and drinking alcohol. This study aimed to compare smoking prevalence and smoking characteristics in drinkers who were versus were not at risk of alcohol dependence in England. Methods We used cross-sectional data from a monthly, nationally representative survey of adults in England (weighted n=144,583) collected between 2014-2021. Smoking and smoking cessation attempt characteristics were regressed on to alcohol dependence (drinkers at risk versus not at risk), adjusting for survey year. Findings Past-year smoking prevalence was 63·3% (95% CI=59·7-66·8) among drinkers at risk of alcohol dependence compared with 18·7% (95% CI=18·4-18·9) among those not at risk, and 19·2% (95% CI=18·8-19·7) among non-drinkers. Among past-year smokers, drinkers at risk of alcohol dependence (versus not at risk) smoked more cigarettes per day (B=3·0, 95% CI=2·3-3·8) and were more likely to smoke their first cigarette within 5 (versus >60) minutes of waking (OR=2·81, 95% CI=2·25-3·51). Interpretation In a representative sample of adults in England, a graded effect was observed where smoking prevalence increased with level of alcohol consumption. Past-year smokers at risk of alcohol dependence had higher levels of cigarette dependence than drinkers not at risk. Therefore, smokers at risk of alcohol dependence are a high priority group to target to reduce smoking prevalence as part of the NHS long-term plan. Funding Cancer Research UK and the National Institute for Health Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Garnett
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK,Spectrum Consortium, London, UK,Corresponding author at: University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK.
| | - Melissa Oldham
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK,Spectrum Consortium, London, UK
| | - Lion Shahab
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK,Spectrum Consortium, London, UK
| | - Harry Tattan-Birch
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK,Spectrum Consortium, London, UK
| | - Sharon Cox
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK,Spectrum Consortium, London, UK
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Krolo F, Baumann S, Tiede A, Bischof G, Krause K, Meyer C, John U, Gaertner B, Freyer-Adam J. The Role of Tobacco Smoking in the Efficacy of Brief Alcohol Intervention: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19105847. [PMID: 35627382 PMCID: PMC9141854 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether tobacco smoking affected outcomes of brief alcohol interventions (BAIs) in at-risk alcohol-drinking general hospital patients. Between 2011 and 2012 among patients aged 18−64 years, 961 patients were allocated to in-person counseling (PE), computer-based BAI containing computer-generated individual feedback letters (CO), and assessment only. PE and CO included contacts at baseline, 1, and 3 months. After 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, self-reported reduction of alcohol use per day was assessed as an outcome. By using latent growth curve models, self-reported smoking status, and number of cigarettes per day were tested as moderators. In PE and CO, alcohol use was reduced independently of smoking status (IRRs ≤ 0.61, ps < 0.005). At month 24, neither smoking status nor number of cigarettes per day moderated the efficacy of PE (IRR = 0.69, ps > 0.05) and CO (IRR = 0.85, ps > 0.05). Up to month 12, among persons smoking ≤ 19 cigarettes per day, the efficacy of CO increased with an increasing number of cigarettes (ps < 0.05). After 24 months, the efficacy of PE and CO that have been shown to reduce drinking did not differ by smoking status or number of cigarettes per day. Findings indicate that efficacy may differ by the number of cigarettes in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Krolo
- Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 48, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany; (A.T.); (K.K.); (J.F.-A.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42-44, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany; (C.M.); (U.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3834-86-5602
| | - Sophie Baumann
- Department of Methods in Community Medicine, Institute of Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 48, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Anika Tiede
- Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 48, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany; (A.T.); (K.K.); (J.F.-A.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42-44, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany; (C.M.); (U.J.)
| | - Gallus Bischof
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany;
| | - Kristian Krause
- Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 48, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany; (A.T.); (K.K.); (J.F.-A.)
| | - Christian Meyer
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42-44, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany; (C.M.); (U.J.)
- Department of Prevention Research and Social Medicine, Institute of Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 48, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ulrich John
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42-44, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany; (C.M.); (U.J.)
- Department of Prevention Research and Social Medicine, Institute of Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 48, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Beate Gaertner
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute Berlin, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, D-12101 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Jennis Freyer-Adam
- Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 48, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany; (A.T.); (K.K.); (J.F.-A.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42-44, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany; (C.M.); (U.J.)
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Lee J, Thrul J. Trends in opioid misuse by cigarette smoking status among US adolescents: Results from National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2015-2018. Prev Med 2021; 153:106829. [PMID: 34624387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Increasing rates of opioid-related emergency department visits and deaths among adolescents in the United States are a public health concern. Adolescent cigarette smoking may be a risk factor for opioid misuse; though, there is a paucity of research on adolescents' cigarette smoking and opioid misuse. This study investigates current trends and the association between cigarette smoking and opioid misuse among US adolescents. Using pooled youth samples (ages 12-17) from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) 2015-2018 (N = 54,866), we calculated weighted estimates of past-year opioid misuse by cigarette smoking status across years. We further estimated a multivariable logistic regression model to examine the past-year opioid misuse by ever-cigarette-smoking, controlling for sociodemographics and other substance use. While there was a significant reduction in opioid misuse among the entire sample and among never-smokers over time (2.5% in 2015 to 1.9% in 2018), this trend was not significant among ever-smokers (14.2% in 2015 to 11.1% in 2018). Multivariable logistic regression showed ever-smokers (vs. never-smokers) had higher odds of past-year opioid misuse (aOR = 2.01; 95% CI = 1.66, 2.43). Findings suggest that comprehensive tobacco control policies and opioid misuse prevention programs are warranted to curb opioid misuse among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhan Lee
- Department of Health Behavior, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, USA.
| | - Johannes Thrul
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA; Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
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