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Yang SL, Togawa K, Gilmour S, Leon ME, Soerjomataram I, Katanoda K. Projecting the impact of implementation of WHO MPOWER measures on smoking prevalence and mortality in Japan. Tob Control 2024; 33:295-301. [PMID: 36100264 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to quantify the long-term impact of implementing the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) compliant tobacco control measures, MPOWER, on smoking prevalence and mortality in men and women aged ≥20 years in Japan. DESIGN A Stock-and-Flow simulation model was used to project smoking prevalence and mortality from 2018 to 2050 under eight different scenarios: (1) maintaining the 2018 status quo, (2) implementation of smoke-free policies, (3) tobacco use cessation programmes, (4-5) health warning about the dangers of tobacco (labels, mass media), (6) enforcement of tobacco advertising bans or (7) tobacco taxation at the highest recommended level and (8) all these interventions combined. RESULTS Under the status quo, the smoking prevalence in Japan will decrease from 29.6% to 15.5% in men and 8.3% to 4.7% in women by 2050. Full implementation of MPOWER will accelerate this trend, dropping the prevalence to 10.6% in men and 3.2% in women, and save nearly a quarter million deaths by 2050. This reduction implies that Japan will only attain the current national target of 12% overall smoking prevalence in 2033, 8 years earlier than it would with the status quo (in 2041), a significant delay from the national government's 2022 deadline. CONCLUSIONS To bring forward the elimination of tobacco smoking and substantially reduce smoking-related deaths, the government of Japan should fulfil its commitment to the FCTC and adopt stringent tobacco control measures delineated by MPOWER and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Lan Yang
- Institute for Clinical Research, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, National Institute of Health Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Graduate School of Public Health, St Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayo Togawa
- Division of Surveillance and Policy Evaluation, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Stuart Gilmour
- Graduate School of Public Health, St Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maria E Leon
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Kota Katanoda
- Division of Surveillance and Policy Evaluation, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
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Nagasawa T, Saito J, Odawara M, Imamura H, Kaji Y, Yuwaki K, Nogi K, Nakamura M, Shimazu T. Smoking cessation interventions and implementations in Japan: a study protocol for a scoping review and supplemental survey. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e063912. [PMID: 36600334 PMCID: PMC9743387 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite various tobacco control measures in Japan, smoking remains a leading cause of mortality. This manuscript outlines proposed methodology for scoping review that aims to describe the knowledge gaps for local-level smoking cessation interventions in Japan, their implementation barriers and facilitators, and the use of implementation strategies. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A scoping review will be conducted using the updated guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-extension for Scoping Reviews to systematically search peer-reviewed journal articles and grey literature to identify studies on smoking cessation interventions in Japan. The six-stage scoping review model will involve (1) identifying the research question; (2) identifying relevant studies; (3) selecting studies; (4) charting data; (5) collating, summarising and reporting the results; and (6) consultation exercise. Since there is little information available on the implementation context in the literature, we will use grey literature to identify organisations implementing smoking cessation interventions and conduct a cross-sectional survey among them to supplement the information gap. Based on a literature review, findings will be organised on smoking cessation interventions in local settings (ie, communities, workplaces, schools and hospitals) at the population, provider and individual levels in Japan to understand knowledge gaps. We will adopt the consolidated framework for implementation research to identify implementation barriers and facilitators, and the expert recommendations for implementing change to identify implementation strategies. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study does not require ethical committee approval. The scoping review method will be robust in searching available smoking cessation interventions in Japan. The findings of this study will be compiled as case studies of best practices on smoking cessation interventions and disseminated to relevant stakeholders at the public and private levels through publications, presentations in conferences and stakeholder meetings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Nagasawa
- Department of Health Communications, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Behavioral Sciences, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Saito
- Division of Behavioral Sciences, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Odawara
- Division of Behavioral Sciences, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Imamura
- Graduate School of Health and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Nagano, Nagano-shi, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yuki Kaji
- Division of Behavioral Sciences, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yuwaki
- Division of Behavioral Sciences, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nogi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Toho University, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Nakamura
- Health Promotion Research Center, Institute of Community Medicine, Japan Association for Development of Community Medicine, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi Shimazu
- Division of Behavioral Sciences, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Kunori Y, Saijo Y, Yoshioka E, Sato Y, Kanaya T, Nakanishi K, Kato Y, Nagaya K, Takahashi S, Ito Y, Itoh S, Kobayashi S, Miyashita C, Ikeda-Araki A, Kishi R. Evaluating association of smoking status during pregnancy with adverse birth outcomes using urinary cotinine concentration: The Japan environment and Children's study (JECS). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114302. [PMID: 36115418 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Urinary cotinine concentration (UCC) reflects smoking status. However, in pregnant women, its association with adverse birth outcomes related to fetal growth is not widely known. Thus, we aimed to explore this relationship by focusing on dose-response relationships. We investigated 86,638 pregnant women enrolled between 2011 and 2014 in a prospective cohort study in Japan and observed three birth outcomes (preterm birth, low birth weight, and small-for-gestational age). We measured UCC in the second or third trimester, and categorized the participants using cut-off values (negative cotinine concentration, passive cotinine concentration, and active cotinine concentration corresponding to non-smokers, passive smokers, and active smokers, respectively). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the risks, and dose-response relationships were visualized using restricted cubic spline curves. Analyses based on self-reported smoking status were also performed. We found that in low active and highly active cotinine concentrations, the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of birth outcomes were significantly increased (preterm birth, 1.24 [95% CI 1.06-1.46], 1.39 [95% CI 1.19-1.62]; low birth weight, 1.40 [95% CI 1.24-1.58], 2.27 [95% CI 2.05-2.53]; small-for-gestational age, 1.35 [95% CI 1.19-1.52], 2.39 [95% CI 2.16-2.65]). Restricted cubic spline curves demonstrated risk elevations in the active cotinine concentration range. Our research revealed dose-response relationships between UCC during pregnancy and the risks of preterm birth, low birth weight, and small-for-gestational age. Measurement of UCC to ascertain smoking status during pregnancy may be a useful approach for predicting the risks of these birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kunori
- Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 1-1-1, Midorigaoka Higashi2-jo, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Saijo
- Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 1-1-1, Midorigaoka Higashi2-jo, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan.
| | - Eiji Yoshioka
- Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 1-1-1, Midorigaoka Higashi2-jo, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sato
- Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 1-1-1, Midorigaoka Higashi2-jo, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kanaya
- Division of Hygiene and Health Science, Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 1-1-1, Midorigaoka Higashi2-jo, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nakanishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, 1-1-1, Midorigaoka Higashi2-jo, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, 1-1-1, Midorigaoka Higashi2-jo, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Ken Nagaya
- Division of Neonatology, The Center for Maternity and Infant Care, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, 1-1-1, Midorigaoka Higashi2-jo, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, 1-1-1, Midorigaoka Higashi2-jo, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Ito
- Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Hokkaido College of Nursing, 664-1, Akebono-cho, Kitami, Hokkaido, 090-0011, Japan
| | - Sachiko Itoh
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita12-jo, Nishi7-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Sumitaka Kobayashi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita12-jo, Nishi7-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita12-jo, Nishi7-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Atsuko Ikeda-Araki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita12-jo, Nishi7-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan; Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita12-jo, Nishi5-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita12-jo, Nishi7-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
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Trends and Determinants of Cigarette Tax Increases in Japan: The Role of Revenue Targeting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084892. [PMID: 35457762 PMCID: PMC9024842 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette prices in Japan are lower than those in most other high-income countries. A more striking fact is that cigarette tax revenues have been kept almost flat at just over two trillion JPY (Japanese yen; 18.2 billion US dollars) over more than three decades, despite steadily declining cigarette sales and seemingly weakening pressure from stakeholders with a vested interest in the tobacco industry. We attempted to examine trends and determinants of cigarette tax increases in Japan. In particular, we hypothesized that the Japanese finance ministry adjusts cigarette taxes to meet a revenue target. Under this hypothesis, we searched for the most plausible amount of the minimum target of tax revenue that corresponds to cigarette tax increases over the past 37 years (1985–2021) using public data on cigarette sales and taxes. The results revealed that two trillion JPY was the minimal revenue target that could plausibly explain the increase in cigarette tax. In addition, the timing and magnitude of cigarette tax increases have been successfully set to maintain stable tax revenues. A key determinant of cigarette tax increases in Japan has been hard revenue targets, rather than public health concerns.
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Nomura S, Sakamoto H, Ghaznavi C, Inoue M. Toward a third term of Health Japan 21 - implications from the rise in non-communicable disease burden and highly preventable risk factors. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2022; 21:100377. [PMID: 35098183 PMCID: PMC8783949 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In 2000, the Japanese government launched the National Health Promotion Movement known as Health Japan 21 (HJ21), a 13-year national health promotion policy (2000-2012) aimed at preventing and controlling non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and their underlying risk factors. After the revision in 2013 (2013-2023), the target NCDs and risk factors are being reviewed and a new strategy for the third term of HJ21 is going to be discussed. Using the latest findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, this paper highlights NCDs that continue to increase health losses and preventable metabolic and behavioural risk factors. These NCDs and risk factors are associated with an increased risk of serious illness and death from the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The third term of HJ21 will be formulated during the continuing threat of acute health crises like the current COVID-19 pandemic and thus offers an important opportunity to renew public health efforts to halt the growing burden of NCDs in Japan. This article may serve as one of the roadmaps for the formulation of the third term of HJ21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Nomura
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Sakamoto
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Cyrus Ghaznavi
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
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Cruz-Jiménez L, Barrientos-Gutiérrez I, Zavala-Arciniega L, Arillo-Santillán E, Gallegos-Carrillo K, Rodríguez-Bolaños R, Gravely S, Thrasher JF. Heated tobacco product use, its correlates, and reasons for use among Mexican smokers. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 232:109283. [PMID: 35134734 PMCID: PMC9390091 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the use of novel heated tobacco products (HTPs) in low- and middle-income countries. We examined among smokers in Mexico the prevalence and correlates of HTP use, as well as reasons for using HTPs. METHODS We analyzed data from five surveys (November 2019-March 2021) of an open cohort of adult smokers (n = 6500), including an oversample of those who also use e-cigarettes. Mixed-effects multinomial logistic models were used to estimate associations between study variables and current HTP use or prior HTP trial relative to never trying HTPs. RESULTS The weighted prevalence of current HTP use was 1.1%. Independent correlates of current HTP use included smoking frequency, intention to quit, e-cigarette use, having partners/family-members who use e-cigarettes, friends who use HTPs, and exposure to HTP information inside/outside tobacco shops. Having partners/family members who smoke and not knowing about the harm of HTPs relative to cigarettes were associated with lower likelihood of current HTP use. Having tried HTPs was more likely among light daily smokers, those with family who use HTPs and exposure to HTP information outside shops and on newspapers/magazines. Among current users, the top reasons for using HTPs were greater social acceptability (50.6%) and lower perceived harm (34.9%) relative to cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS Uptake of HTPs appears relatively low among Mexican smokers, and correlates of use are similar to those for e-cigarette use. Further research is needed to determine if HTPs use promotes or impedes smoking cessation, given current HTP users are also likely to use various nicotine products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth Cruz-Jiménez
- Evaluation and Survey Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Inti Barrientos-Gutiérrez
- Evaluation and Survey Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Edna Arillo-Santillán
- Tobacco Research Department, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Katia Gallegos-Carrillo
- Evaluation and Survey Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; Epidemiology and Health Services Research Unit, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Shannon Gravely
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - James F Thrasher
- Tobacco Research Department, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; Department of Health Promotion, Education & Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA.
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First Report on Smoking and Infection Control Behaviours at Outdoor Hotspots during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Unobtrusive Observational Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18031031. [PMID: 33503837 PMCID: PMC7908604 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was to observe smoking behaviours and infection control behaviours in smokers at outdoor smoking hotspots during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong. We conducted unobtrusive observations at nine hotspots during 1 July 2019-31 January 2020 (pre-outbreak, 39 observations), 1 February-30 April 2020 (outbreak, eight observations), and 1 May-11 June 2020 (since-outbreak, 20 observations). Sex, age group, type of tobacco products used, duration of stay, group smoking behaviours, face mask wearing and infection control behaviours of smokers, and mask wearing of non-smoking pedestrians were observed. Compared with pre-outbreak, lower volumes of smokers were observed during outbreak and since-outbreak. Smokers gathered more in a group (24.5% and 25.8% vs. 13.4%, respectively) and stayed longer (91.5% and 83.6% vs. 80.6% stayed ≥1 min) during outbreak and since-outbreak than pre-outbreak. Ninety-six percent smokers possessed a face mask. While smoking, 81.6% of smokers put the mask under the chin and 13.8% carried it in the hand, 32.4% did not wear a mask immediately after smoking, 98.0% did not sanitize hands, and 74.3% did not keep a distance of at least one metre. During the COVID-19 pandemic, smokers gathered closely and stayed longer at the hotspots, and few practised hand hygiene, all of which may increase the risk of infection.
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Thompson ME, Boudreau C, Quah AC, Ouimet J, Li G, Yan M, Mochizuki Y, Yoshimi I, Fong GT. Survey Methods of the 2018 International Tobacco Control (ITC) Japan Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2598. [PMID: 32290304 PMCID: PMC7177252 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the methods of the Wave 1 (2018) International Tobacco Control (ITC) Japan Survey. The respondents were adults aged 20 years and older in one of four user groups: (1) cigarette-only smokers who smoked at least monthly and used heated tobacco products (HTPs) not at all or less than weekly, (2) HTP-only users who used HTPs at least weekly and smoked cigarettes not at all or less than monthly, (3) cigarette-HTP dual users who smoked at least monthly and used HTPs at least weekly, and (4) non-users who had never smoked or who smoked less than monthly and used HTPs less than weekly. Eligible respondents were recruited by a commercial survey firm from its online panel. Respondents were allocated proportionally to sample strata based on demographic, geographic, and user type specifications benchmarked to a national reference. Survey weights, accounting for smoking/HTP use status, sex, age, education, and geography, were calibrated to benchmarks from a nationally representative survey in Japan. Response rate was 45.1% and cooperation rate was 96.3%. The total sample size was 4615 (3288 cigarette smokers, 164 exclusive HTP users, 549 cigarette-HTP dual users, and 614 non-users). The 2018 ITC Japan Survey sampling design and survey data collection methods will allow analyses to examine prospectively the use of cigarettes and HTPs in Japan and factors associated with the use of both products and of transitions between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E. Thompson
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
| | - Christian Boudreau
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
| | - Anne C.K. Quah
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (A.C.K.Q.); (J.O.); (G.L.); (M.Y.); (G.T.F.)
| | - Janine Ouimet
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (A.C.K.Q.); (J.O.); (G.L.); (M.Y.); (G.T.F.)
| | - Grace Li
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (A.C.K.Q.); (J.O.); (G.L.); (M.Y.); (G.T.F.)
| | - Mi Yan
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (A.C.K.Q.); (J.O.); (G.L.); (M.Y.); (G.T.F.)
| | - Yumiko Mochizuki
- Division of Tobacco Policy Research, National Cancer Center Japan, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
| | - Itsuro Yoshimi
- Japan Cancer Society, 13th Floor, Yurakucho Center Bldg. 2-5-1, Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0006, Japan;
| | - Geoffrey T. Fong
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (A.C.K.Q.); (J.O.); (G.L.); (M.Y.); (G.T.F.)
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Ave Suite 510, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
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9
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Sutanto E, Miller C, Smith DM, Borland R, Hyland A, Cummings KM, Quah AC, Xu SS, Fong GT, Ouimet J, Yoshimi I, Mochizuki Y, Tabuchi T, O’Connor RJ, Goniewicz ML. Concurrent Daily and Non-Daily Use of Heated Tobacco Products with Combustible Cigarettes: Findings from the 2018 ITC Japan Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2098. [PMID: 32235702 PMCID: PMC7143827 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Use of heated tobacco products (HTPs) among current smokers is becoming increasingly popular in Japan. This study aims to compare characteristics and tobacco-related behaviors among concurrent users of HTPs and combustible cigarettes (n = 644) with exclusive smokers (n = 3194) or exclusive HTP users (n = 164). The secondary aim was to explore heterogeneity within concurrent use subgroups. Data were from Wave 1 of the ITC Japan Survey, a nationally representative web survey conducted from February to March 2018. Concurrent cigarette-HTP users were younger and wealthier than exclusive smokers. However, there were no difference in the frequency of smoking, number of cigarettes per day, and smoking cessation behaviors between the two groups, suggesting that HTPs reinforce nicotine dependence. Compared to exclusive HTP users, concurrent cigarette-HTP users reported higher frequency of non-daily HTP use, and lower number of tobacco-containing inserts per day. Almost all concurrent cigarette-HTP users smoked every day (93.9%); 48.4% both smoked and used HTPs daily (dual daily users, n = 396), while 45.5% were daily smokers and non-daily HTP users (predominant smokers, n = 213). Concurrent user subgroups differed from each other on age, tobacco use behaviors, and quit intention. Alongside heterogeneity between concurrent and exclusive product users, differences across concurrent use subgroups highlight the importance of considering frequency of use in characterizing poly-tobacco users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Sutanto
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Department of Health Behaviors, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (E.S.); (C.M.); (D.M.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Connor Miller
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Department of Health Behaviors, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (E.S.); (C.M.); (D.M.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Danielle M. Smith
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Department of Health Behaviors, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (E.S.); (C.M.); (D.M.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Ron Borland
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia;
| | - Andrew Hyland
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Department of Health Behaviors, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (E.S.); (C.M.); (D.M.S.); (A.H.)
| | - K. Michael Cummings
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Anne C.K. Quah
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (A.C.K.Q.); (S.S.X.); (G.T.F.); (J.O.)
| | - Steve Shaowei Xu
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (A.C.K.Q.); (S.S.X.); (G.T.F.); (J.O.)
| | - Geoffrey T. Fong
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (A.C.K.Q.); (S.S.X.); (G.T.F.); (J.O.)
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Janine Ouimet
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (A.C.K.Q.); (S.S.X.); (G.T.F.); (J.O.)
| | - Itsuro Yoshimi
- Division of Tobacco Policy Research, National Cancer Center Japan, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
| | | | - Takahiro Tabuchi
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 537-8511, Japan;
| | - Richard J. O’Connor
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Department of Health Behaviors, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (E.S.); (C.M.); (D.M.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Maciej L. Goniewicz
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Department of Health Behaviors, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (E.S.); (C.M.); (D.M.S.); (A.H.)
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Taniguchi C, Tanaka H, Nakamura S, Saito S, Saka H. Development of a new craving index for anticipating quitting smoking in patients who undergo the Japanese smoking cessation therapy. Tob Induc Dis 2020; 17:89. [PMID: 31892919 PMCID: PMC6903806 DOI: 10.18332/tid/114164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The 10-item version of the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges (QSU-brief) has demonstrated excellent reliability. However, the QSU-brief may be too long to use in clinical settings. We developed a new craving index called the Tobacco Craving Index (TCI) and investigated how closely the TCI grade is associated with success of quitting smoking in Japanese smoking cessation therapy (SCT) patients. METHODS The TCI questionnaire consists of two items: the first question asks about the strength of tobacco craving on a 4-point scale, and the second question asks about the frequency of tobacco craving per day on a 4-point scale. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 85 participants who underwent the Japanese SCT at a Japanese smoking cessation clinic. We administered the QSU-brief and TCI at each of the 5 sessions during the 12-week SCT. RESULTS Significant correlations were observed between the TCI grade and QSU-brief score (r=0.27, 0.55, 0.72, 0.58 and 0.68, at the five sessions). The change in mean TCI grade showed a similar trend as the change in mean QSU-brief score among the 43 patients who succeeded in quitting smoking and also among the 7 patients who failed to quit smoking by the last session. Both TCI and QSU-brief assessed after the second session were significantly associated with the smoking status at the last session. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the success of quitting smoking in TCI grade was 0.615–0.881 at the 5 sessions, whereas it was 0.536–0.849 in QSU-brief score. CONCLUSIONS The TCI can be used as a predictive tool for success of quitting smoking in the Japanese SCT. As the TCI consists of two questionnaire items, it can be easily administered in smoking cessation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Taniguchi
- College of Nursing, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.,Clinical Research Center (CRC), Nagoya Medical Center (NMC), Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideo Tanaka
- Fujiidera Public Health Center, Fujiidera, Japan
| | - Sumie Nakamura
- Department of Nursing, Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Saito
- Department of Nursing, Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideo Saka
- Clinical Research Center (CRC), Nagoya Medical Center (NMC), Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
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