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Zeybek Ş, Özbiçakçi Ş. Evaluation of the Cancer Awareness Measure in Adolescents in Turkiye: A Methodological Study. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38804151 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2024.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Cancer awareness can help reduce the associated morbidity and mortality. There is no scale for the assessment of general cancer awareness in Turkiye. This study aimed to evaluate the cultural relevance and psychometric properties of the cancer awareness measure (CAM) for use in adolescents in the Turkish population. Methods: This methodological study included 400 students attending seven high schools in western Turkiye, recruited by convenience sampling. The CAM was translated into Turkish and assessed for content validity by expert panel opinion and content validity index (CVI). The Turkish CAM was administered online, and its reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficients, item-total and item-subscale correlation coefficients, and test-retest analysis. Results: The Turkish CAM had excellent content validity (scale CVI = 0.99). Cronbach's alpha for the entire scale was 0.72, and item-subscale correlation coefficients were 0.33-.75 (p < 0.001). Test-retest reliability was good, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.83 for the entire scale (p < 0.001). The students' mean score on the Turkish CAM was 45.60 ± 7.23 (on a scale of 11-77), indicating moderate cancer awareness. Conclusion: The Turkish CAM is a valid and reliable measure that can be used to assess cancer awareness in adolescents in Turkiye. Interventional studies should be performed to measure and increase cancer awareness and promote cancer prevention among young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şeyma Zeybek
- Public Health Nursing, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Şeyda Özbiçakçi
- Faculty of Nursing, Department of Public Health Nursing, Dokuz Eylul Universitesi (Dokuz Eylul University), Izmir, Turkiye
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ÇELİK BA, KOÇ V. Skin Cancer-Related Health Behavior Interventions in the Context of the Health Belief Model. PSIKIYATRIDE GUNCEL YAKLASIMLAR - CURRENT APPROACHES IN PSYCHIATRY 2023. [DOI: 10.18863/pgy.1112210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of skin cancer is increasing around the world every year. Although there are many reasons for the occurrence of skin cancer, UV radiation caused by sunlight is seen as the most important factor. Therefore, reducing exposure to UV radiation should be a top priority for skin cancer prevention. In addition, different demographic features also affect the amount of UV exposure. These include age, gender and professional groups. On the other hand, people can be exposed to UV radiation voluntarily. Sunbathing or using tanning devices can be shown as examples for this. For these reasons, interventions to reduce exposure to UV radiation should focus on demographic features and the desire to tan. At the same time, it is emphasized in the literature that theory-based and systematic interventions are more effective than others. In this context, we think that the Health Belief Model, which is an effective psychosocial model for health behaviors, will be useful in developing sun protection behaviors. In this review, interventions based on the Health Belief Model in the context of tanning behavior, age, gender, and outdoor activities for the prevention of skin cancer and the improvement of sun protection behaviors have been discussed.
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Kus C, Kus MM, Keten HS, Ucer H, Guvenc N, Kus F, Yildirim HC, Akbayram HT. Knowledge and Protective Behaviors of Teachers on Skin Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study from Turkey. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020291. [PMID: 36832420 PMCID: PMC9955452 DOI: 10.3390/children10020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People socialize and receive education and training for the first time outside the home at school, where their teachers act as role models. Teachers play a crucial role in instilling sun-protection habits in children. Avoiding the sun between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., staying in the shade, wearing sun-protective clothing, wearing sunglasses, wearing hats, using sunscreen products, and using an umbrella are some of the sun-protection methods described in the literature. This study sought to assess teachers' skin cancer knowledge and attitudes (SC). METHODS In this cross-sectional study conducted between 21 September 2020, and 21 October 2020, 647 teachers from 30 schools in Kahramanmaras were included with their consent. The number of teachers employed at Kahramanmaras was 1863. Accordingly, the sample was found to be 641 with a 5% margin of error and a 99% confidence interval. Schools were selected by a simple random method. Teachers' knowledge and behaviors were assessed using a 25-point questionnaire designed by the literature data to gauge the level of SC knowledge. RESULTS Of the 647 teachers included in this study, 230 (35.5%) were male, and 417 (64.5%) were female. The mean age of the participants was 38.44 ± 8.79 (min = 22, max = 65) years. The knowledge level of the teachers about SC was 13.54 ± 4.48 (min = 0, max = 23). The internet (75.9%) was the most preferred source of information. SC knowledge level was significantly higher in those with SC in their families and birthmarks on their bodies. (p < 0.001, p = 0.042, respectively). The rate of precaution taken to protect from the sun was higher in those with higher knowledge (p = 0.032). Women, primary school teachers, those with skin type 1, those with multiple nevi, and those with a high level of SC knowledge used statistically significantly more sunscreen (p = 0.001, p = 0.003, p < 0.001, p = 0.037, p = 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS It was found that the knowledge level of teachers about skin cancer and sun-protective behaviors was moderate. Correct behaviors increased as knowledge about SC grew. Information and recommendations made on the Internet should be made by experts. Additionally, health policymakers should implement projects aimed at improving teachers' knowledge and behaviors and, through them, teaching students about SC; as such projects would significantly contribute to both public health and health economics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celal Kus
- Department of Family Medicine, Medical Faculty, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras 46050, Turkey
| | - Mine Mujde Kus
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical Faculty, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras 46050, Turkey
| | - Hamit Sirri Keten
- Department of Family Medicine, Medical Faculty, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep 27050, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Ucer
- Department of Family Medicine, Pazarcik Family Health Center (No. 1), Kahramanmaras 46050, Turkey
| | - Numan Guvenc
- Department of Family Medicine, Pazarcik Family Health Center (No. 2), Kahramanmaras 46050, Turkey
| | - Fatih Kus
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Hasan Cagri Yildirim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara 06230, Turkey
- Correspondence:
| | - Hatice Tuba Akbayram
- Department of Family Medicine, Medical Faculty, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep 27050, Turkey
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Sümen A, Öncel S. Knowledge Levels of Kindergarten Teachers About Skin Cancer, Sun Protection Behaviors, and Affecting Factors. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2022; 37:210-216. [PMID: 32566992 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-020-01804-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge level of kindergarten teachers regarding skin cancer, the sun protection behaviors they exhibit for themselves/their students, and the affecting factors. This descriptive study was carried out in the Mediterranean region in a province located by the sea. The universe of the study consisted of 181 teachers working in kindergartens, and data were collected from the 81% who agreed to participate in the study. The mean Skin Cancer and Sun Knowledge Scale of the teachers was 12.50 ± 3.27 (range 0-25) and the mean Sun Protection Behavior Scale score was 24.78 ± 6.26 (range 8-40). When the Sun Protection Behavior Scale sub-dimensions were analyzed, the teachers' mean score of refraining from the sun was 13.02 ± 2.02, sunscreen use was 9.88 ± 4.46, and hat use was 5.13 ± 2.52. Significant positive correlations were found between the teachers' knowledge scores and refraining from the sun (r = 0.222; p = 0.007) and sunscreen use (r = 0.243; p = 0.003). The least used sun protection practice of the teachers regarding the students was wearing sunglasses (64.8%) and the most used practice was remaining in the shade (75.9%). The level of teachers' knowledge about skin cancer and sun protection and their behavior regarding sun protection for themselves were moderate, but the sun protection behaviors they use for their students were inadequate. Thus, educational programs about sun exposure are needed in schools and non-formal education institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Sümen
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Kumluca Faculty of Health Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Selma Öncel
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Al-Qarqaz F, Marji M, Bodoor K, Al ALshiyab D, Muhaidat J, Al Ghamdi S. Awareness about proper use of sunscreen in people of color: A Jordanian-based survey. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 19:1131-1136. [PMID: 31468687 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of sunscreen is an important preventive measure against skin cancer and treatment for other skin conditions. There is evidence pointing to lack awareness and misconceptions regarding use of Sunscreen. This is especially evident in populations with skin of color (POC). METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of 2000 individuals. A structured questionnaire was designed to collect data on general knowledge and use of sunscreen as well as reasons for stopping use of sunscreen. RESULTS The results of this study indicate a clear deficiency in the use and knowledge about sunscreen among Jordanians. Females are using sunscreen more than males. However, the use of sunscreen is inadequate in many aspects including timing of application, frequency of use, and amount used among other things. There is an obvious lack of knowledge about sunscreen as shown by lack of awareness about benefits of use in various times of the year, use in children, use for all skin types, and several misconceptions among other knowledge gaps. Main reasons for stopping sunscreen include side effects, cost, and being not suitable for skin. Awareness about sunscreen can be improved by proper counseling by healthcare professionals and utilization of various media platforms. CONCLUSIONS The use of sunscreen is inadequate in this population of color (POC). Lack of proper counseling, failure to read use instructions can contibute to inadequate use of sunscreen. Risks and benefits of sunscreen should be explained by medical professionals. The media should be more utilized to disseminate such knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Al-Qarqaz
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Maha Marji
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khaldon Bodoor
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Diala Al ALshiyab
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Jihan Muhaidat
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Saleh Al Ghamdi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Janjani H, Nedjat S, MasoudYunesian, Nasseri S, Haghighat Doost F, Nabizadeh R. Sun exposure and health safety practices of high school students in an urban population of Iran. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1736. [PMID: 31878908 PMCID: PMC6933744 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-8100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skin cancer attributed to sunlight exposure has an increasing trend worldwide, resulting in increased problems for healthcare services. This study aimed to evaluate the health safety practices of high school students in Saveh, Iran according to a sun protection guideline produced locally for Iran. Method This cross-sectional study was done in 31 government and private high schools of Saveh, a central city of Iran. A sun protection questionnaire was designed in accordance with Iran sun protection guideline which has been developed based on the World Health Organization and US Environmental Protection Agency guidelines. The questionnaire consists of four sections of demographic information, knowledge, attitude, and protection behavior. A total of 504 students were selected by simple random sampling method. Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis were used to assess the correlation between knowledge, attitude and behavior of the participants. Results The mean score of the students’ knowledge, attitude, and behavior regarding harmfulness of ultraviolet radiation was 50.79 ± 14.64, 60.41 ± 15.04, and 45 ± 11.59, respectively. A significant association was observed between attitude and knowledge, behavior and knowledge as well as attitude. There was a significant correlation between sex and protective behaviors, sex and knowledge (p ≤ 0.001), and education level and knowledge (p = 0.002). Conclusion students who protected themselves from sunlight less than others believed that their protection level was adequate. Health concerns related to sun exposure suggest the need for increasing the student’s awareness in sun protection area. As behavior is influenced by cultural aspects, implementation of the current guideline can be effective in reducing the health effects of sun exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosna Janjani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saharnaz Nedjat
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - MasoudYunesian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simin Nasseri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Haghighat Doost
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Nabizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Panahi H, Salehi L. Perspectives of paddy workers regarding the use of sunscreen: a theory-based qualitative research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 77:35. [PMID: 31388421 PMCID: PMC6669968 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-019-0361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Skin cancer is one of the most frequent types of cancer. This study aims to clarify farmers’ perspectives regarding the use of sunscreen according to Health Action Process Approach. Method Twenty-seven farmers were recruited an interviewed. The samples were classified according to their age, sex, and education. The data were collected through a deep and semi-structure interview during one-month period. Questions were asked based on Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) and were continued until the saturation stage. Results The data were classified into six categories (intention, risk perception, outcome expectation, self-efficacy, perceived barriers and action planning). Most of the interviewees did not use sunscreen and did not intend to use it either. They indicated some threats of sunlight, such as burn and rash, redness, itching, soreness and darkness of skin. The participants pointed to some physical outcome expectation of the sunscreen and mentioned some perceived barriers such as time limitation, low income, non-familiarity with sunscreen, the notion that sunscreen is only for women and the farmers prioritize farming and believed that sunscreen is not required in all seasons. Conclusions Risk perception, outcome expectation and perceived barriers should be considered designing appropriate interventions. The education of protection behaviors should be considering during interventional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiseh Panahi
- 1Health Education & Promotion Department, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Leili Salehi
- 2Health Education & Promotion Department, Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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Application of Protection Motivation Theory to the Study of the Factors Related to Skin Cancer Preventive Behaviors in Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.89131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Skiljevic D, Sreckovic L. Ultraviolet radiation exposure among Belgrade high school students: analysis of knowledge, attitudes and behaviour. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33 Suppl 2:63-75. [PMID: 30811695 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of melanoma has been increasing worldwide. Extended UV exposure during childhood or adolescence significantly increases the probability of skin cancer in adulthood. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyse knowledge, attitudes and behaviour regarding exposure to natural and artificial UV radiation among Belgrade high school students. METHODS The study was conducted using a questionnaire among 549 students of 3rd and 4th grade (17 and 18 years of age) in four Belgrade high schools. The questionnaire had 32 questions: questions about gender, date and month of birth and parents' education, nine questions regarding sunbed use, nine questions regarding behaviour in the sun during summer months, four questions regarding personal and family history and skin phototype and seven questions regarding attitude and general knowledge about effects of UV radiation. Assessment of frequency rate and relative numbers was used as methods of descriptive statistics. RESULTS As many as 39% of participants had used a sunbed at least once, 38% plan on using it in the future. One quarter spends more than 3 hours in the sun on the beach during summer without any protection, and only one-third of participants had not experienced sunburn during last summer. Only one-half of students know what melanoma is, while 37% stated that they do not know. CONCLUSION General awareness of risk factors regarding sun exposure as well as general knowledge about melanoma is not on a high level among Belgrade high school students. Therefore, besides legislative measures, it is extremely important to conduct adequate education programmes in high schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Skiljevic
- Clinic of Dermatovenereology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,Department of Dermatovenereology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - L Sreckovic
- Clinic of Dermatovenereology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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kelati A, Baybay H, Atassi M, Elfakir S, Gallouj S, Meziane M, Mernissi FZ. Skin cancer knowledge and attitudes in the region of Fez, Morocco: a cross-sectional study. BMC DERMATOLOGY 2017; 17:2. [PMID: 28212650 PMCID: PMC5316218 DOI: 10.1186/s12895-017-0055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of skin cancers is constantly increasing in Morocco, and they have gradually become more aggressive due to a significant delay in the diagnosis. Our aim was to assess the levels of awareness and the influencing factors related to skin cancer knowledge in Morocco. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out in Morocco through the medium of a validated questionnaire, which contained several items - demographics, skin cancer knowledge and attitudes towards skin cancer patients- during a period of 1 year (2014). RESULTS Out of the 700 participants enrolled in the study, 17.9% had never heard of skin cancer, 32.5% had a low score of skin cancer knowledge, 66.7% had a moderate score, and only 0.85% had a high score of skin cancer knowledge. Further, 15.1% of the participants were under the assumption that this cancer is contagious. The sun was the most incriminated risk factor in skin cancer occurrence by 74.3% of the participants, and 57.9% of them believed that prevention is important through using various means of photoprotection. After univariate and multivariate analysis, the influencing factors related to the skin cancer knowledge in Morocco were: the socioeconomic status (P = 0.003, OR = 7. 3) and the educational level (p < 0.001, OR = 20. 9). CONCLUSIONS Due to the lack of knowledge or the underestimation of skin cancer in our study population, efforts are needed to promote skin cancer surveillance behaviors in Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awatef kelati
- Department of dermatology, University Hospital Hassan II, 202 Hay Mohamadi, Fez, Morocco
| | - Hanane Baybay
- Department of dermatology, University Hospital Hassan II, 202 Hay Mohamadi, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mariam Atassi
- Department of clinical epidemiology and scientific research, University Hospital Hassan II, Fez, Morocco
| | - Samira Elfakir
- Department of clinical epidemiology and scientific research, University Hospital Hassan II, Fez, Morocco
| | - Salim Gallouj
- Department of dermatology, University Hospital Hassan II, 202 Hay Mohamadi, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mariame Meziane
- Department of dermatology, University Hospital Hassan II, 202 Hay Mohamadi, Fez, Morocco
| | - Fatima Zahra Mernissi
- Department of dermatology, University Hospital Hassan II, 202 Hay Mohamadi, Fez, Morocco
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