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Izadi N, Najafi A, Saraei M. Metabolic syndrome and its determinants among professional drivers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:2015-2023. [PMID: 34900837 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00928-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Drivers are one of the trade unions that are most exposed to various health-related risks, especially metabolic diseases. The present study aimed to systematically assess the overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its determinants among drivers in the world. Methods All retrospective, cross-sectional, or prospective studies evaluating the prevalence and risk for metabolic syndrome and its main components among male professional drivers were eligible for the initial assessment. PRISMA guideline was used. Two blinded reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts of the manuscripts followed by a deep assessment of the full texts for determining the inclusion appropriateness. Results In the final, 12 articles were eligible for the final analysis. Overall, 19,350 professional male drivers with a total average age of 43.06 years (ranged from 35.5 to 51.1 years) were included in the study. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was estimated to be 32.8% (95%CI: 32.1% to 33.5%), and the major determinants of appearing this syndrome among professional drivers were advanced age, years of driving experience, higher body mass index, smoking, high cholesterol dietary regimen, high Framingham risk score, low regular exercising, history of diabetes mellitus, history of gout, and shift work pattern. Conclusion According to the 32.8% prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome among drivers, managerial measures are needed to prevent and control metabolic disturbances among professional drivers are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Izadi
- Occupational Sleep Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezu Najafi
- Occupational Sleep Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Saraei
- Occupational Sleep Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Soltaninejad M, Yarmohammadi H, Madrese E, Khaleghi S, Poursadeqiyan M, Aminizadeh M, Saberinia A. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in drivers: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Work 2020; 67:829-835. [PMID: 33325431 DOI: 10.3233/wor-203335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome is an increasing disorder, especially in night workers. Drivers are considered to work during 24 hours a day. Because of job characteristics such as stress, low mobility and long working hours, they are at risk of a metabolic syndrome disorder. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is a meta-analysis and systematic review of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in drivers. METHODS In this systematic review, articles were extracted from national and international databases: Scientific Information Database (SID), Iran Medex, Mag Iran, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, ProQuest, and Scopus. Data analysis was performed using meta-analysis and systematic review (random effect model). The calculation of heterogeneity was carried out using the I2 index and Cochran's Q test. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA software version 11. RESULTS A total of nine articles related to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in drivers in different regions of the world from 2008 to 2016 were obtained. The total sample size studied was 26156 with an average of 2906 samples per study. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in drivers was 34% (95% CI: 30-37)CONCLUSIONS:According to the results of this study, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in drivers is high. Occupational stress, unhealthy diet and physical inactivity cannot be cited as causes of metabolic syndrome prevalence in drivers. Therefore, to maintain and to improve the health of this group, the implementation of preventive, therapeutic and rehabilitation measures for these people as well as training should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Soltaninejad
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Yarmohammadi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elham Madrese
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Khaleghi
- Department of Nursing, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohsen Poursadeqiyan
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.,Health Sciences Research Center, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mohsen Aminizadeh
- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Saberinia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Guest AJ, Chen YL, Pearson N, King JA, Paine NJ, Clemes SA. Cardiometabolic risk factors and mental health status among truck drivers: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e038993. [PMID: 33099498 PMCID: PMC7590350 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to systematically review and summarise the literature on cardiometabolic risk factors, lifestyle health behaviours and mental health status of truck drivers globally to ascertain the scale of these health concerns. DESIGN Systematic review reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO and Web of Science were searched in January 2019 and updated in January 2020, from the date of inception to 16 January 2020. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Papers were included if they (1) reported independent data on truck drivers, (2) included quantitative data on outcomes related to cardiometabolic markers of health, mental health and/or health behaviours, (3) were written in English and (4) were published in a peer-reviewed journal. Grey literature was ineligible for this review. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS One reviewer independently extracted data and assessed methodological quality using a checklist based on the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Quality Assessment tool. 20% were independently assessed for eligibility and quality by a second reviewer. Due to heterogeneity of the outcomes, results were narratively presented. RESULTS 3601 titles and abstracts were screened. Seventy-three studies met the inclusion criteria. Truck driving is associated with enforced sedentarism, long and irregular working hours, lack of healthy foods, social isolation and chronic time pressures. Strong evidence was observed for truck drivers to generally exhibit poor cardiometabolic risk profiles including overweight and obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, high blood glucose, poor mental health and cigarette smoking. CONCLUSIONS Improving truck driver health is vital for the longevity of the trucking industry, and for the safety of all road users. The workplace plays a vital role in truck driver health; policies, regulations and procedures are required to address this health crisis. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019124499.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber J Guest
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Yu-Ling Chen
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Natalie Pearson
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - James A King
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Nicola J Paine
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Stacy A Clemes
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Fatahi A, Doosti-Irani A, Cheraghi Z. Prevalence and Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Prev Med 2020; 11:64. [PMID: 32577194 PMCID: PMC7297433 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_489_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a predictor of several diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, dyslipidemia, stroke, osteoarthritis, certain cancers, and death leading to public health concern in most societies. We aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and incidence of MetS in Iranian population through a meta-analysis study. We included cross-sectional and cohort studies to estimate the overall prevalence and incidence rates of MetS in Iran National databases including MagIran, Science Information Database, IranMedex, and international databases including Medline, Web of Sciences, and Scopus were searched up to October 2017. Finally, 125 studies were included. The total sample size was 472,401 with a mean age of 38 ± 7.8 years. The overall pooled prevalence and incidence rate among the general population of Iran was 0.26 (95% CI: 0.26, 0.29) and 97.96 (95% CI: 75.98, 131.48), respectively. The pooled prevalence of MetS was higher in females and in urban areas. The highest and lowest prevalence of MetS was obtained by the Iranian definition criteria (0.43) and the NHANES III (0.12). The highest and lowest incidence rates of MetS were obtained by IDF (144.07 per 1000) and the JIS (89.73 per 1000). The prevalence of MetS was higher in women and those living in urban areas. Furthermore, the prevalence of MetS increased with increasing age in both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azad Fatahi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amin Doosti-Irani
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Cheraghi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Oyapero A, Oyapero O, Akinleye A. Burden of tobacco, kola nut and alcohol consumption
and its association with periodontal disease, potentially
malignant lesions and quality of life among bus drivers,
Lagos State, Nigeria. POPULATION MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.18332/popmed/118726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Shayestefar M, Sadeghniiat Haghighi K, Jahanfar S, Delvarianzadeh M, Nematzadeh F, Ebrahimi MH. Assessment of the relationship between metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea in male drivers of Shahroud city in 2018: a cross sectional study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1058. [PMID: 31387558 PMCID: PMC6685249 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7361-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome involves a set of metabolic risk factors that directly increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Physical inactivity due to driving can increase the risk of metabolic syndrome. It is also known that sleep disorders (sleep apnea) can result in MetS. Driving in Iran is considered a very popular but risky occupation, so paying attention to this profession is of special importance. Therefore, the researchers aimed to investigate the association between sleep disorders and metabolic syndrome in drivers in Shahroud city in 2018. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out on 948 drivers from Shahroud city in 2018. After obtaining consent from participants, 3 questionnaires including demographic, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and STOP-BANG were completed. Clinical and anthropometric measurements were assessed, including blood pressure, waist circumference, hip circumference, weight, height, and body mass index. In addition, blood was drawn to measure High Density Lipoprotein, Low Density Lipoprotein, Triglyceride, cholesterol, and Fasting Blood Sugar levels. The relationship between metabolic syndrome and sleep disorders was then studied. In this study, statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software version 23 at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS Mean age of drivers was 44.15 ± 11.66 (years). The mean waist circumference and mean hip circumference in subjects with a Class 1 Driver's License (a certificate for trucks and buses) were higher than those with a Class 2 Driver's License (a certificate for motorcars, minibuses, vans, etc. (seating< 20)) (P = 0.01 and P = 0.003, respectively). Moreover, the BMI in subjects with a Class 1 Driver's License was higher compared to subjects with a Class 2 Driver's License. The correlation between metabolic syndrome with sleep apnea based on STOP-BANG questionnaire was significant (p < 0.001) irrespective of definition (ATP and IDF). CONCLUSIONS According to the results of this study, there was a bi-directional association between sleep disorders and Mets, so this group should pass periodic medical examinations and training courses. Moreover, their families should be informed of prevention and treatment of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Shayestefar
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Shayesteh Jahanfar
- MPH Program, School of Health Science, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, USA
| | - Mehri Delvarianzadeh
- School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Nematzadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ebrahimi
- Environmental and Occupational Health Research centre, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
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7
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Kalan Farmanfarma K, Kaykhaei MA, Adineh HA, Mohammadi M, Dabiri S, Ansari-Moghaddam A. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Iran: A meta-analysis of 69 studies. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:792-799. [PMID: 30641809 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. The present study investigated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS Published articles in English and Persian during 2000-2016 identified using keywords of prevalence, metabolic syndrome, and Iran in the following databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google scholar, SID and Magiran. Random effect model used to calculate the pooled estimates. Heterogeneity of studies assessed using Q statistic, and geographical distribution of metabolic syndrome demonstrated via GIS map. Data were analyzed by STATA-11. RESULTS The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 30.4% (95%CI: 28.3-32.6) with no significant heterogeneity by diagnostic criteria. The lowest frequency was reported in Sistan and Baluchestan Province [18.3% (95% CI: 12.9-25.8)] compared to the highest in Bushehr [57.8% (95% CI: 41.8-80.0)]. It was significantly more prevalent in women [(34.8% (95%CI: 31.2-38.8)] compared to men [25.7% (95%CI: 23.4-28.3)] (P = 0.001)]. A significant increasing trend (P = 0.001) was observed in different age groups, as metabolic syndrome increased from 12.1% (95% CI: 9.37-15.6) in 20-29 years-old age group to 51.7% (95%CI: 47.4-56.4) in the over 60 years-old age group. CONCLUSIONS Approximately one-third of Iranian adults have metabolic syndrome which varied by regions, age and gender. Then, appropriate intervention based on behavioral patterns of inhabitants and local conditions may help to reduce the burden of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Kalan Farmanfarma
- Department of Epidemiology, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ali Kaykhaei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Hosein Ali Adineh
- Department of Epidemiology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Soroosh Dabiri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Useche SA, Cendales B, Montoro L, Esteban C. Work stress and health problems of professional drivers: a hazardous formula for their safety outcomes. PeerJ 2018; 6:e6249. [PMID: 30595994 PMCID: PMC6304262 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several empirical studies have shown that professional drivers are a vulnerable occupational group, usually exposed to environmental stressors and adverse work conditions. Furthermore, recent studies have associated work-related stress with negative job performances and adverse health outcomes within this occupational group, including cardiovascular diseases and unsafe vehicle operation. Objective The aim of this study was to describe the working conditions and the health status of this occupational group, and to evaluate the association between the Demand-Control model of job stress and their self-reported health and safety outcomes. Methods A pooled sample of 3,665 Colombian professional drivers was drawn from five different studies. The Job Content Questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire were used to measure work stress and self-reported mental health, respectively. Additionally, professional drivers self-reported health problems (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and overweight) and health-related risky behaviors (smoking and sedentary behavior). Results Regarding the Job Demands-Control (JDC) model, it was found that approximately a third part of Colombian professional drivers suffer from high job strain (29.1%). Correlational and multivariate analyses suggest that de JDC model of stress is associated with the professional drivers' mental health, traffic accidents and fines, but not with other physical and behavioral health-related outcomes, which are highly prevalent among this occupational group, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, overweight, smoking and sedentary behavior. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that (a) stressful working conditions are associated with health and lifestyle-related outcomes among professional drivers, and (b) that evidence-based interventions are needed in order to reduce hazardous working conditions, job stress rates and their negative impact on the health of this occupational group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Useche
- INTRAS (University Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Boris Cendales
- Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, El Bosque University, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis Montoro
- INTRAS (University Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Esteban
- INTRAS (University Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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9
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Kang J, Song YM. Metabolic syndrome and its components among Korean submariners: a retrospective cross-sectional study. Endocrine 2018; 59:614-621. [PMID: 29340961 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of inter-related risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Although submariners tend to be exposed to unhealthy environmental factors, such as a confined work environment, physical inactivity, and circadian disruption, little is known regarding whether the risks of MetS and its components are associated with submarine service. The present study aimed to evaluate the risks of MetS and its components among submariners. METHODS A total of 5090 subjects (513 submariners and 4577 non-submariners) were included in the present study. We calculated the age-standardized and age-specific prevalences of MetS. The associations between submarine service and the risks of MetS and its components were evaluated using logistic regression analysis after adjusting for age, service rank, and lifestyle factors. RESULTS The age-standardized prevalences of MetS were 17.6 and 15.1% among submariners and non-submariners, respectively. Compared to non-submariners, submariners had higher risks of MetS (odds ratio [OR] 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02, 1.68), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.36, 2.20), and impaired fasting glucose (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.21, 1.76). When we stratified the subjects according to physical activity, an increased risk of elevated blood pressure associated with submarine service was evident only in the subgroup with moderate or vigorous physical activity (P for interaction = 0.006). CONCLUSION Submariners had higher risks of MetS and some MetS components, compared to non-submariners. These findings suggest that special efforts are needed to prevent and manage MetS among individuals who are expected to be exposed to submarine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihun Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Mi Song
- Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Ostovar R, Kiani F, Sayehmiri F, Yasemi M, Mohsenzadeh Y, Mohsenzadeh Y. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Iran: A meta-analysis. Electron Physician 2017; 9:5402-5418. [PMID: 29238477 PMCID: PMC5718841 DOI: 10.19082/5402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome) MetS( is a complex risk factor which increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. There are many studies with various populations and results about the prevalence of MetS in Iran; in order to authenticate these studies and have an overall estimation of its prevalence in Iran, performing a meta-analysis seems to be necessary. Objective This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of MetS and its components in Iran via meta-analysis method. Methods All associated published papers in national and international journals of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Magiran, Iranmedex, Science Direct, Medlib, and SID databases were searched from January, 2000 to October, 2016. All types of studies, including local and national surveys that reported the prevalence of MetS among healthy populations in Iran were reviewed. The effects of age, sample size and publication date as possible sources of heterogeneity among the study findings was examined by meta-regression. P-values less than 0.05 were considered as significant in heterogeneity tests. All analysis was done by R Ver. 3.2.1 and STATA (version 10). Results Seventy eligible studies were selected for meta-analysis. The overall estimation of MetS prevalence was 25% (95% CI: 22-29%) based on the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria, 30% (95% CI: 25-36%) according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), and 39% (95% CI: 26-52%) based on the Joint Interim Societies (JIS) criteria. The prevalence of MetS was lower in men than in women (26.9% versus 35.7%). The prevalence of various MetS components including High TG (triglyceride), Low HDL-C, High BP and High FBS (fasting blood sugar) was 43%, 54%, 38% and 22% among the adult population. Conclusion Findings from the present meta-analyses study displayed a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Iran, especially in women, which increases with age in both sexes. It alerts health care providers and policy makers to find solutions in order to take action to reduce MetS risk in society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Ostovar
- PhD, Associate Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Faezeh Kiani
- Msc, Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sayehmiri
- PhD, Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masood Yasemi
- MD, Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Yazdan Mohsenzadeh
- MSc, Department of Paramedical Sciences, Faculty of Emergency Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Yousof Mohsenzadeh
- MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Choi B, Schnall P, Dobson M, Yang H, Baker D, Seo Y. A socioecological framework for research on work and obesity in diverse urban transit operators based on gender, race, and ethnicity. Ann Occup Environ Med 2017; 29:15. [PMID: 28529756 PMCID: PMC5436435 DOI: 10.1186/s40557-017-0171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Urban transit (bus and rail) operators, totaling nearly 700,000 persons, are one of the heaviest occupational groups in the United States (US). Little is known about occupational risk factors for weight gain and obesity and their interrelationship with health-related behaviors, particularly among female minority (African Americans and Hispanics) transit operators who are at greater risk for obesity. As a step towards developing successful obesity interventions among urban transit operators, this paper aims to present a new socioecological framework for studying working conditions, chronic strain, health-related behaviors, weight gain/obesity, and obesity disparity in diverse urban transit operators based on gender, race, and ethnicity. Our framework is a synthesis of several different theories and disciplines: the resource-work load model (work stress), occupational ergonomics, the theory of intersectionality, and worksite health promotion. The framework was developed utilizing an extensive literature review, results from our on-going research on obesity, input from focus groups conducted with Los Angeles transit operators as well as interviews and meetings with transit operator stakeholders (management, unions, and worksite transit wellness program), and ride-along observations. Our hypotheses highlighted in the framework (see Fig. 1) are that adverse working conditions, largely characterized as a combination of high demands and low resources, will increase the risk for weight gain/obesity among transit operators directly through chronic strain and hypothalamic dysfunction (hyper-and hypo-activations), and indirectly through health-related behaviors and injuries/chronic severe pain. We also hypothesize that the observed increase in adiposity among female minority operators is due to their greater exposure to adverse occupational and non-occupational conditions that reflect their intersecting social identities of lower social class and being a minority woman in the US. Our proposed framework could greatly facilitate future transit worksite obesity studies by clarifying the complex and important roles of adverse working conditions in the etiology of weight gain/obesity and obesity disparity among transit operators and other working populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- BongKyoo Choi
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California Irvine, 100 Theory, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
| | - Peter Schnall
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California Irvine, 100 Theory, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
| | - Marnie Dobson
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California Irvine, 100 Theory, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
| | - Haiou Yang
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California Irvine, 100 Theory, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
| | - Dean Baker
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California Irvine, 100 Theory, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
| | - YoungJu Seo
- Department of Sociology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 200 Hicks Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
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