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Allen LP, Kelly C, Hatala AR. Answering tough questions: Why is qualitative research essential for public health? Aust N Z J Public Health 2024; 48:100157. [PMID: 38797134 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay P Allen
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Christine Kelly
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Andrew R Hatala
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Moghassemi S, Adib Moghaddam E, Arab S. Safe motherhood in crisis; threats, opportunities, and needs: a qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:4. [PMID: 38166665 PMCID: PMC10759654 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic has affected many aspects of life, including pregnancy, childbirth, and safe motherhood so that pregnancy and childbirth take place in completely novel and unusual conditions for people. Therefore, we aimed to determine the opportunities, threats, and needs of pregnant women during a crisis. METHODS The present qualitative study was conducted among women who had a history of pregnancy and childbirth during the COVID-19 pandemic period in 2022. The data were collected by conducting face-to-face, semi-structured and in-depth interviews with 20 purposefully selected participants. Interviews continued until data saturation was attained. Data were analyzed through conventional qualitative content analysis based on the Graneheim and Lundman approach. RESULTS The data were categorized under three main themes: 1("Opportunities for safe motherhood in crisis"(2 Sub‑themes), 2) "Threats to safe motherhood in crisis"(2 Sub‑themes), and 3) "Needs for safe motherhood in crisis" (3 Sub‑themes). CONCLUSIONS Crisis is not always a threat. By developing an awareness of the opportunities, threats, and needs that safe motherhood faced during the COVID-19 crisis, policy makers can identify the existing gaps affecting the health of mothers and take the necessary measures to improve their conditions, experiences, and health in further crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Moghassemi
- Counseling and Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Golestan University of Medical Sciences(GOUMS), Gorgan, Iran
| | - Elham Adib Moghaddam
- Counseling and Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Golestan University of Medical Sciences(GOUMS), Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sahar Arab
- Counseling and Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Golestan University of Medical Sciences(GOUMS), Gorgan, Iran.
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Herry AM, Greaves D, Smith P, Toledo NA, Wildman A, Wildman T, Browne R, Chen M, Jones M, Aymat S. Facilitators of and barriers to COVID-19 vaccination in Grenada: a qualitative study. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2023; 47:e44. [PMID: 36945250 PMCID: PMC10022831 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2023.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To identify the factors contributing to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy in Grenada. Methods A phenomenological study was conducted using semi-structured interviews at vaccination and pop-up testing clinics during a spike in COVID-19 cases on the island. Interview questions were developed using the health belief model related to perceived threat of COVID-19, perceived benefits of and barriers to COVID-19 vaccination, and cues to action. Data were analyzed using a deductive approach to identify themes, categories, and subcategories. Results Twenty-five interviews were transcribed and coded. In all, 68% of participants were unvaccinated, 12% were partially vaccinated, and 20% were fully vaccinated. Data analysis revealed two main themes: facilitators and barriers. Factors more likely to encourage vaccination (facilitators) included trust in medical advice and vaccine efficacy, social responsibility, and vaccine mandates for travel, employment, and social activities. Factors hindering vaccination (barriers) included: perceived low threat of COVID-19; preference for natural remedies; concerns about contraindications because of underlying health conditions; fear; mistrust of vaccines and related messaging; vaccine accessibility; and the many different information sources. Conclusions Overcoming vaccine hesitancy is key to combating the detrimental effects of COVID-19 in Grenada. Public health interventions and policies that address barriers and capitalize on facilitators can increase vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlette M. Herry
- St George’s UniversitySt GeorgeGrenadaSt George’s University, St George, Grenada.
- Arlette M. Herry,
| | - Damian Greaves
- St George’s UniversitySt GeorgeGrenadaSt George’s University, St George, Grenada.
| | - Pauline Smith
- St George’s UniversitySt GeorgeGrenadaSt George’s University, St George, Grenada.
| | - Nilo A. Toledo
- St George’s UniversitySt GeorgeGrenadaSt George’s University, St George, Grenada.
| | - Ariel Wildman
- St George’s UniversitySt GeorgeGrenadaSt George’s University, St George, Grenada.
| | - Trent Wildman
- St George’s UniversitySt GeorgeGrenadaSt George’s University, St George, Grenada.
| | - Rosheem Browne
- McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonTexasUnited States of AmericaMcGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, United States of America.
| | - Madison Chen
- St George’s UniversitySt GeorgeGrenadaSt George’s University, St George, Grenada.
| | - Matthew Jones
- St George’s UniversitySt GeorgeGrenadaSt George’s University, St George, Grenada.
| | - Sebastian Aymat
- St George’s UniversitySt GeorgeGrenadaSt George’s University, St George, Grenada.
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Kalvesmaki AF, Gonzales E, George RT, Nguyen H, Pugh MJ. Post-9/11 veterans perceptions of the pandemic: Areas of greatest impact on health and well-being. PEC INNOVATION 2022; 1:100096. [PMID: 36348640 PMCID: PMC9635259 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecinn.2022.100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Objective Assess potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on a subset of Post-9/11 U.S. Veterans included in a study of post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE). Methods Two measures were added to a structured health interview for Veterans during temporary pandemic research shutdown: a validated health questionnaire [1] previously completed by survey, and a semi-structured instrument developed to assess whether pandemic conditions affected responses to the health questionnaire and identify unique impacts. Interviews were conducted between August 2020 – February 2021. Scaled items were calculated and t-tests used to compare results. Open-ended items were coded using thematic analyses. Results Veterans identified eight major areas of impact with negative and positive impacts: mental health, family, social, work/employment, access to resources, physical health, finances, and education. Innovation The temporary shut-down of a large health study for Post-9/11 Veterans provided an opportunity to devise an instrument to assess COVID-19's impact on health and well-being. The instrument was accepted as of the first Veteran instrument in a pandemic SDOH research repository [2], and is being used in other studies. Conclusion This study highlights the need to assess and understand interrelated relationships of factors impacting health and well-being, especially as COVID-19 moves from pandemic to endemic with reverberating effects across multiple social determinants of health (SDOH).
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McNulty C, Sides E, Thomas A, Kamal A, Syeda RB, Kaissi A, Lecky DM, Patel M, Campos-Matos I, Shukla R, Brown CS, Pareek M, Sollars L, Nellums L, Greenway J, Jones LF. Public views of and reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic in England: a qualitative study with diverse ethnicities. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e061027. [PMID: 35977758 PMCID: PMC9388716 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore public reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic across diverse ethnic groups. DESIGN Remote qualitative interviews and focus groups in English or Punjabi. Data were transcribed and analysed through inductive thematic analysis. SETTING England and Wales, June to October 2020. PARTICIPANTS 100 participants from 19 diverse 'self-identified' ethnic groups. RESULTS Dismay, frustration and altruism were reported across all ethnic groups during the first 6-9 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Dismay was caused by participants' reported individual, family and community risks, and loss of support networks. Frustration was caused by reported lack of recognition of the efforts of ethnic minority groups (EMGs), inaction by government to address COVID-19 and inequalities, rule breaking by government advisors, changing government rules around: border controls, personal protective equipment, social distancing, eating out, and perceived poor communication around COVID-19 and the Public Health England COVID-19 disparities report (leading to reported increased racism and social isolation). Altruism was felt by all, in the resilience of National Health Service (NHS) staff and their communities and families pulling together. Data, participants' suggested actions and the behaviour change wheel informed suggested interventions and policies to help control COVID-19. CONCLUSION To improve trust and compliance future reports or guidance should clearly explain any stated differences in health outcomes by ethnicity or other risk group, including specific messages for these groups and concrete actions to minimise any risks. Messaging should reflect the uncertainty in data or advice and how guidance may change going forward as new evidence becomes available. A contingency plan is needed to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 across all communities including EMGs, the vulnerable and socially disadvantaged individuals, in preparation for any rise in cases and for future pandemics. Equality across ethnicities for healthcare is essential, and the NHS and local communities will need to be supported to attain this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliodna McNulty
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, Public Health England, London, UK
- Primary Care and Interventions Unit, Public Health England, Gloucester, UK
| | - Eirwen Sides
- Primary Care and Interventions Unit, Public Health England, Gloucester, UK
| | - Amy Thomas
- Primary Care and Interventions Unit, Public Health England, Gloucester, UK
| | - Atiya Kamal
- Department of Psychology, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rowshonara B Syeda
- Primary Care and Interventions Unit, Public Health England, Gloucester, UK
| | - Awatif Kaissi
- Primary Care and Interventions Unit, Public Health England, Gloucester, UK
| | - Donna M Lecky
- Primary Care and Interventions Unit, Public Health England, Gloucester, UK
| | | | - Ines Campos-Matos
- Migration Health, Health Improvement Directorate, Public Health England, London, UK
| | | | - Colin S Brown
- Department of Bacteria Reference, National Infection Service, Public Health England Colindale, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Leah Ffion Jones
- Behavioural Science and Insights Unit, UK Health Security Agency, Cheltenham, UK
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Dale R, Jesser A, Pieh C, O’Rourke T, Probst T, Humer E. Mental health burden of high school students, and suggestions for psychosocial support, 1.5 years into the COVID-19 pandemic in Austria. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 32:1015-1024. [PMID: 35900473 PMCID: PMC9330952 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and containment efforts seem to be particularly challenging for adolescents. This study assessed mental health in high school students 1.5 years after the pandemic began in Austria. A cross-sectional survey was carried out from September to November 2021. Well-being (WHO-5), depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and sleep quality were assessed. A total of 1505 adolescents participated (78% girls). The cut-offs for clinically relevant symptoms were exceeded by 62% girls and 38.1% boys for depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 11), 49% girls and 29% boys for anxiety (GAD-7 score ≥ 11) and 28% girls and 17% boys for insomnia (ISI score ≥ 15). The prevalence of suicidal ideation (item 9 of the PHQ-9) within the last 2 weeks was 47% in girls and 32% in boys. These data collected in autumn 2021 (the start of the second semester of reopened schools; t2) were compared to data collected in February 2021 (one semester after remote schooling; t1). A matched pairs analysis according to age, gender, region, school type and migration background resulted in a total sample size of N = 2514 adolescents. Results showed small deteriorations in mental health (i.e., well-being, depression, insomnia, suicidal ideation) in girls at t2 compared to t1, and an increase in suicidal thoughts in boys (all p-values < 0.05). Qualitative data show that young people have a need for more psychological support, both professional and informal, as well as increased mental health literacy. Results suggest that mental health burden in adolescents remains high 1.5 years into the pandemic and highlight the need to implement timely psychological support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Dale
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria.
| | - Andrea Jesser
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Christoph Pieh
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Teresa O’Rourke
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Thomas Probst
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Elke Humer
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
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Kong X, Zhang A, Xiao X, Das S, Zhang Y. Work from home in the post-COVID world. CASE STUDIES ON TRANSPORT POLICY 2022; 10:1118-1131. [PMID: 35399610 PMCID: PMC8985448 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The working standard of shared office spaces has evolved in recent years. Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, many companies have instituted work from home (WFH) policies in accordance with public health guidelines in order to increase social distancing and decrease the spread of COVID-19. As the pandemic and WFH-related policies have continued for more than a year, there has been a rise in people becoming accustomed to the remote environments; however, others are more enthusiastic about returning to in-person work environments, reflecting the desire to restore pre-pandemic environments. As working from home is related to transportation issues such as changing commuting patterns and decreased congestion, motorized trips, and emission, there is a need to explore the extent of public attitudes on this important issue. This study used unique open-source survey data that provides substantial information on this topic. Using an advanced categorical data analysis method known as cluster correspondence analysis, this study identified several key findings. Not having prior WFH experiences, being eager to interact with colleagues, difficulties with adapting to virtual meeting technologies, and challenges with self-discipline while WFH were strongly associated with individuals who refused to continuously WFH at all after the pandemic. Individuals holding a strong view against the seriousness of the COVID-19 pandemic were also largely associated with never choosing WFH during and after the pandemic. For individuals with some prior WFH experiences, the transition to WFH every day in response to the outbreak was much easier, compared to those without prior experiences. Moreover, being forced to WFH during the COVID-19 pandemic positively influences the choice of WFH after the pandemic. The findings of this study will be beneficial to help policymakers and sustainable city planners understand public opinions about WFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Kong
- Texas A&M University, 3127 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Amy Zhang
- The University of Texas at Austin, 305 E 23rd St, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Texas A&M University, 3127 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Subasish Das
- Texas A&M Transportation Institute, 1111 RELLIS Pkwy, Bryan, TX 77807, United States
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Texas A&M University, 3127 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, United States
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Panakaje N, Rahiman HU, Rabbani MR, Kulal A, Pandavarakallu MT, Irfana S. COVID-19 and its impact on educational environment in India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:27788-27804. [PMID: 34981385 PMCID: PMC8723802 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15306-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The impact of COVID-19 has revamped all aspects of human life including education sector, and it has completely changed the educational environment across the globe. Due to the pandemic, the methodical functions of educational institutions have stopped, and new phases have started like online class, online evaluation, and indoor activities. Students are the vital players in education sector, and their opinions play an indispensable role while formulating the policies by the government. In the pandemic, students' perspective on education environment finds new dimension. Therefore, this paper has made an honest attempt to know the coastal Karnataka students' stance on college educational environment. In this study, six major components of education environment are considered, namely (1) online class, (2) teaching and learning, (3) evaluation, (4) college administration, (5) extracurricular activities, and (6) teachers. The study is descriptive in nature, and data was collected from 347 college students of Coastal Karnataka. To support the main objective, a hypothesis has been developed with the help of review of literature and is tested by using ANOVA and independent t-test. The path analysis is used to analyze the casual relationships among components of college educational environment, overall perception, and student performance. The result of the study found that the college students have positive perception towards online class (M=3.14), teaching and learning (M=3.704), evaluation (M=3.38), college and administration (M=3.83), extracurricular activities (M=3.87), and teachers (M=3.63). The result of the hypothesis testing revealed that there is no significant difference in the student perception towards various components of college education system. Path analysis results show that there is relation and effect between components of college education, overall perception, and students' performance. The study concludes that students agree with policies and actions taken by colleges to carry out classes during COVID-19 pandemic irrespective of demographic and educational difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyaz Panakaje
- College of Management and Commerce, Srinivas University, Karnataka, India
| | - Habeeb Ur Rahiman
- College of Business Administration, Kingdom University, Riffa, Bahrain
| | - Mustafa Raza Rabbani
- Department of Economics and Finance, College of Business Administration, University of Bahrain, Zallaq, Bahrain
| | | | | | - Shakira Irfana
- Department of Commerce, Mangalore University, Karnataka, India
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Kaur D, Ranjan P, Kumari A, Malhotra A, Kaloiya GS, Meena VP, Sethi P, Vikram NK. Awareness, Beliefs and Perspectives Regarding Weight Retention and Weight Gain among Postpartum Women in India: A Thematic Analysis of Focus Group Discussions and In-Depth Interviews. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2022; 72:168-174. [PMID: 35313546 PMCID: PMC8927526 DOI: 10.1007/s13224-022-01644-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The pregnancy weight is usually retained in the form of abdominal fat during the postpartum period. The willingness to lose weight is influenced by knowledge, attitude, beliefs and practices. This study aims to comprehend the awareness, beliefs and perspectives of postpartum women regarding their perceived factors, barriers and facilitators associated with post-pregnancy weight status. Methods Overweight and obese postpartum women aged between 20 and 40 years and had delivered an infant in the last 2 years were recruited via convenience and purposive sampling techniques. The final sample comprised 27 participants with a mean age of 29.96 ± 4.50 years. Four focus group discussions and eight in-depth interviews carried out were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Codes, sub-themes and themes were generated using Atlas.ti 9 software. Results Major themes identified were perceived factors causing postpartum weight retention/weight gain including social and cultural beliefs related to diet and exercise specifically associated with this period, perceived motivators and deterrents of weight loss including eagerness to lose weight and perceived facilitators and barriers to weight loss including intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as time, energy, evidence-based knowledge about diet and physical activity, family support and obligation to family’s advice. Conclusion The unique challenges and barriers associated with postpartum weight loss efforts should be taken into consideration by healthcare professionals and public health policy-makers to design strategies specific to postpartum women. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13224-022-01644-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divjyot Kaur
- Department of Home Science, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Piyush Ranjan
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Kumari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anita Malhotra
- Department of Home Science, Lakshmibai College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Gauri Shankar Kaloiya
- Department of Psychiatry & National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ved Prakash Meena
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Prayas Sethi
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Naval K. Vikram
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
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Perceived risk factors for weight gain, barriers, and facilitators related to weight loss experienced by perimenopausal women: focus group discussion and thematic analysis. Menopause 2022; 29:219-224. [PMID: 35084375 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to understand middle-aged perimenopausal women's perspectives and beliefs regarding their body weight status, and evaluate the barriers, and facilitators associated weight loss. METHODS Five focus group discussions were conducted with perimenopausal women (aged 40-55 y) who were recruited through convenience and snowball sampling. Discussions were conducted to understand their experiences related to weight management during the perimenopausal period. The discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed and data analysis was done using Atlas.ti software to generate codes, subthemes, and themes from the discussions. RESULTS A total of 23 women with a mean age of 46.6 ± 5.6 years were recruited. Several themes of risk factors of weight gain emerged like difficulty in physical activity, unhealthy eating, overeating, and religious and cultural practices. Appearance and prevention of health-related issues emerged as motivators of initiating weight loss. Barriers faced during weight loss included themes like difficulty in managing diet and activity, stress, socialization, and lack of time. Facilitators of weight loss included intrinsic motivation, experiencing early results and confidence in self-regulation. CONCLUSION Women during their perimenopausal phase of life encounter a range of barriers and challenges related to weight loss. An understanding of these barriers might be useful to consider while planning strategies to regulate their weight.
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Ranjan P, Kumari A, Chopra S, Verma A, Malhotra A, Upadhyay A, Sharma KA, Vikram N. Development and validation of comprehensive evaluation tool for weight management at menopausal transition and early menopause stage. J Midlife Health 2022; 13:57-66. [PMID: 35707306 PMCID: PMC9190968 DOI: 10.4103/jmh.jmh_181_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To develop and validate a comprehensive questionnaire to evaluate risk factors, perceptions, and practices for weight management in women at menopausal transition and early menopause stage. Methodology: A mixed-method study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the questionnaire was developed by literature review and focused group discussions with the target population and experts. In the second phase, content and face validity were established by expert evaluation and cognitive interviews with the target population. The developed questionnaire was crosssectionally administered in 215 women and responses were used to determine the construct validity by factor analysis and reliability by evaluating internal consistency. Results: The finalized questionnaire consisted of two sections; section A included sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measures, and menopausal status with symptom severity, while section B contained 32-items focusing on readiness to initiate weight loss, perceptions and practices related to lifestyle behaviors, built environment, and social support. The Cronbach's α value of the questionnaire is 0.79 with good internal consistency. Conclusion: The developed questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool to assess weight-related risk factors, perceptions, and practices in middle-aged women, which can potentially be used by doctors and other healthcare practitioners to customize weight management advice in women at menopausal transition and early menopause.
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Jesser A, Schmalwieser S, Mädge AL, Culen C, Schrank B, Böckle M. Chancen niederschwelliger online Peer-to-Peer Begleitung für Jugendliche am Beispiel der Online-Plattform OPEN. PSYCHOTHERAPIE FORUM 2021. [PMCID: PMC8666473 DOI: 10.1007/s00729-021-00188-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungIm Jugendalter stehen Menschen vor einer Reihe an Entwicklungsaufgaben und biographischen Herausforderungen. Nicht immer fühlen sich die Jugendlichen den Problemen gewachsen, die dieser Lebensabschnitt mit sich bringt und so kommt es mitunter zu erheblichen psychischen Belastungen sowie zu Konflikten und Krisen. Die COVID-19-Pandemie hat die Situation junger Menschen zusätzlich verschärft, die mehr als andere Altersgruppen von den Auswirkungen der Lockdown-Beschränkungen betroffen sind. Dazu zählen insbesondere Einsamkeit, soziale Isolation und Zukunftsängste. Aus unterschiedlichen Gründen finden Jugendliche oft keinen oder erst spät Zugang zu psycho-sozialer Unterstützung. Niederschwellige Hilfsangebote sind derzeit rar und decken den vorhandenen Bedarf nicht ab. Wir stellen in diesem Paper die Plattform OPEN vor, über die Jugendliche online, anonym und kostenlos mit geschulten und supervidierten jugendlichen Peer-Begleiter_innen in Kontakt treten und sich über ihre Probleme austauschen können.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Jesser
- Wissenschaftliche Arbeitsgruppe, D.O.T. – Die offene Tür, Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems, Österreich
- Department für Psychotherapie und Biopsychosoziale Gesundheit, Donau-Universität Krems – Universität für Weiterbildung, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Österreich
| | - Susanne Schmalwieser
- Wissenschaftliche Arbeitsgruppe, D.O.T. – Die offene Tür, Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems, Österreich
| | - Anna-Lena Mädge
- Wissenschaftliche Arbeitsgruppe, D.O.T. – Die offene Tür, Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems, Österreich
| | - Caroline Culen
- Österreichische Liga für Kinder- und Jugendgesundheit, Gerstnerstraße 3, Hofgebäude, 1150 Wien, Österreich
| | - Beate Schrank
- Wissenschaftliche Arbeitsgruppe, D.O.T. – Die offene Tür, Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems, Österreich
- Klinische Abteilung für Erwachsenenpsychiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Tulln, Alter Ziegelweg 10, 3430 Tulln, Österreich
| | - Markus Böckle
- Wissenschaftliche Arbeitsgruppe, D.O.T. – Die offene Tür, Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems, Österreich
- Klinische Abteilung für Erwachsenenpsychiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Tulln, Alter Ziegelweg 10, 3430 Tulln, Österreich
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13
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Bhattacharya A, Ranjan P, Ghosh T, Agarwal H, Seth S, Maher GT, Upadhyay AD, Kumar A, Baitha U, Gupta G, Prakash B, Dwivedi SN, Wig N. Evaluation of the dose-effect association between the number of doses and duration since the last dose of COVID-19 vaccine, and its efficacy in preventing the disease and reducing disease severity: A single centre, cross-sectional analytical study from India. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:102238. [PMID: 34364299 PMCID: PMC8321688 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the dose-effect association between COVID-19 vaccination and probability of turning RT-PCR positive and to assess the correlation between disease severity and vaccination status. METHODS A single centre cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 583 individuals presenting to COVID-19 testing clinic and 55 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Vaccination status was assessed by the number of doses and duration since the last dose. Disease severity was evaluated by the requirement of hospitalisation and ICU admission/death. The association between the vaccination status and development of disease and its severity were statistically analyzed. RESULTS The mean age of the population was 36.6 years and 82.6% had no comorbidities. The odds of turning RT-PCR positive was 0.17(95% CI: 0.11-0.27) among the clinical suspects who had taken both doses of the vaccine at least 14 days before (fully vaccinated). The odds of hospitalisation was 0.12(95% CI: 0.03-0.45) and ICU admission/death was 0.07(95% CI: 0.01-0.36) among fully vaccinated individuals. The protective role of vaccination was observed to start 14 days after receiving the first dose. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 vaccination provides dose-dependent protection against the development of the disease. It also lowers the risk of hospitalisation and ICU admission/death in RT-PCR positive patients in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piyush Ranjan
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Tamoghna Ghosh
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Harsh Agarwal
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sukriti Seth
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ashish Datt Upadhyay
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Upendra Baitha
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bindu Prakash
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sada Nand Dwivedi
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Naveet Wig
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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14
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Geer LA, Radigan R, Bruneli GDL, Leite LS, Belian RB. COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study of Healthcare Students' Perceptions of Life during the Pandemic in the United States and Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179217. [PMID: 34501806 PMCID: PMC8431579 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Societal influences, such as beliefs and behaviors, and their increasing complexity add to the challenges of interactivity promoted by globalization. This study was developed during a virtual global educational exchange experience and designed for research and educational purposes to assess personal social and cultural risk factors for students’ COVID-19 personal prevention behavior and perceptions about life during the pandemic, and to inform future educational efforts in intercultural learning for healthcare students. We designed and implemented a cross-sectional anonymous online survey intended to assess social and cultural risk factors for COVID-19 personal prevention behavior and students’ perceptions about life during the pandemic in public health and healthcare students in two public universities (United States n = 53; Brazil n = 55). Statistically significant differences existed between the United States and Brazil students in degree type, employment, risk behavior, personal prevention procedures, sanitization perceptions, and views of governmental policies. Cultural and social differences, risk messaging, and lifestyle factors may contribute to disparities in perceptions and behaviors of students around the novel infectious disease, with implications for future global infectious disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Geer
- School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Rachel Radigan
- School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA;
| | - Guilherme de Lima Bruneli
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (G.d.L.B.); (L.S.L.); (R.B.B.)
| | - Lucas Sampaio Leite
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (G.d.L.B.); (L.S.L.); (R.B.B.)
| | - Rosalie Barreto Belian
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (G.d.L.B.); (L.S.L.); (R.B.B.)
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15
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Klanidhi KB, Ranjan P, Kaur T, Khan M, Ghosh T, Upadhyay AD, Chopra S, Sarkar S, Kaloiya GS, Barre VP, Singh A, Prakash B. Socio-behavioural impact of COVID-19 on general population: A cross-sectional survey of one thousand seventy-nine participants across India between the first and the second wave of pandemic. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:102144. [PMID: 34186356 PMCID: PMC8744482 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS COVID-19 is expected to have a significant impact on the socio-behavioural aspect of citizens' lives, although the effects are expected to manifest differently in different population groups. The current study was conducted to assess the socio-behavioural impact of COVID-19 among the general population across India between the first and the second wave of pandemic. METHODS A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 15th March -25th March 2021 using a pre-validated validated questionnaire upon the general population using e-survey, telephonic and face-to-face interview. The participants were recruited from the different regions of India by the purposive and snowball sampling technique following the principle of maximum diversity. Appropriate statistical tests were applied to study the association between the various sociodemographic variables and different behaviours. RESULTS A total of 1079 responses were analysed for the study. Almost half of the participants feared contracting the COVID-19 infection. Overall, female participants, elderly people (more than 60 years of age) and urban dwellers reported a greater fear in the survey. More than half of the participants (53.39%) reported significant difficulties due to home confinement. People have become more inclined to adopt healthy lifestyles. There are mixed responses in the area of following preventive practices. CONCLUSION People have a significant amount of fear and anxiety related to the pandemic, leading to several social and behavioural changes that might have a considerable impact on their everyday lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Bandhu Klanidhi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Piyush Ranjan
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Tanveer Kaur
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Munnoo Khan
- Junior Research Fellow, Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga, New Delhi, India
| | - Tamoghna Ghosh
- MBBS Student, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Datt Upadhyay
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sakshi Chopra
- Department of Home Science, University of Delhi, India
| | - Siddharth Sarkar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gauri Shanker Kaloiya
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Prasad Barre
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amandeep Singh
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bindu Prakash
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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16
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Kaur T, Ranjan P, Chakrawarty A, Kasi K, Berry P, Suryansh S, Mazumder A, Khan M, Upadhyay AD, Kaloiya G, Sarkar S, Prasad VB. Association of Sociodemographic Parameters With Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Sleep Quality, Psychological Trauma, Mental Well-Being, and Resilience During the Second Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey From India. Cureus 2021; 13:e16420. [PMID: 34414046 PMCID: PMC8364738 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to assess the traumatic impact of the second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on depression, anxiety, stress, sleep quality, mental well-being, and resilience among the general population of India. Methods An online cross-sectional survey was conducted in May-June, 2021 via Google Forms, which included adult individuals who were willing to participate in the study. The purposive and snowball sampling technique was used to ensure the principle of maximum diversity. Standardised tools [Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Impact of Event-Revised (IES-R), Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS), and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS)] were used to collect data. Results A total of 1,109 responses were analysed for this study. Participants of different age groups (mean age: 32.98 ±14.72 years) and different sociodemographics were enrolled. The younger population group (18-34 years) was found to be the most affected among all the age groups. The findings revealed that 44.18% showed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-like symptoms. About 48.87%, 65.56%, and 22.09% of the participants had significant depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms respectively, and 11.27% had disturbed sleep patterns. Mental well-being was found to be disturbed for 74.75% of the study population, out of which only 4.15% showed high resilience capacity. Conclusion The associated collective psychological trauma mapped out by this paper is a pandemic in itself and needs to be addressed on a scale similar to the efforts being made to curb the physical symptoms of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Kaur
- Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Piyush Ranjan
- Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | | | - Keerthana Kasi
- Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Parul Berry
- Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | | | | | - Munnoo Khan
- Psychology, Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga, New Delhi, IND
| | | | | | - Siddharth Sarkar
- Addiction, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Vijay B Prasad
- Psychiatry/Clinical Psychology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
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17
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Kumari A, Ranjan P, Chopra S, Kaur D, Upadhyay AD, Kaur T, Bhattacharyya A, Arora M, Gupta H, Thrinath A, Prakash B, Vikram NK. Development and validation of a questionnaire to assess knowledge, attitude, practices, and concerns regarding COVID-19 vaccination among the general population. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:919-925. [PMID: 33930855 PMCID: PMC8056878 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There seems to be hesitation in the general population in accepting COVID 19 vaccine because of associated myths and/or misinformation. This study is dedicated to develop and validate a tool to interpret vaccine acceptance and/or hesitancy by assessing the knowledge, attitude, practices, and concerns regarding the COVID vaccine. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mixed methods study design was used. In phase 1, the questionnaire was developed through literature review, focus group discussion, expert evaluation, and pre-testing. In phase 2, the validity of the questionnaire was obtained by conducting a cross-sectional survey on 201 participants. The construct validity was established via principal component analysis. Cronbach's alpha value was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire. RESULTS The 39-item questionnaire to assess the knowledge, attitude, practices, and concerns regarding the COVID-19 vaccine was developed. The Cronbach's alpha value of the questionnaire was 0.86 suggesting a good internal consistency. CONCLUSION The developed tool is valid to assess the knowledge, attitude, practices and concerns regarding the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and/or hesitancy. It has the potential utility for healthcare workers and government authorities to further build vaccine literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Kumari
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Piyush Ranjan
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sakshi Chopra
- Department of Home Science, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Divjyot Kaur
- Department of Home Science, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Datt Upadhyay
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanveer Kaur
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Mehak Arora
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Hardik Gupta
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arnav Thrinath
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bindu Prakash
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Naval K Vikram
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
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18
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Kumari A, Ranjan P, Chopra S, Kaur D, Kaur T, Kalanidhi KB, Goel A, Singh A, Baitha U, Prakash B, Vikram NK. What Indians Think of the COVID-19 vaccine: A qualitative study comprising focus group discussions and thematic analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:679-682. [PMID: 33813241 PMCID: PMC7997146 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The study aims to interpret current knowledge, attitude, perceptions and concerns regarding COVID-19 vaccine in the Indian population. METHODS Eight focus group discussions were conducted. Participants were recruited via purposive sampling. Discussions were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Key themes were extracted using thematic analysis method. RESULTS There were 19 males and 24 females, with a mean age of 36 ± 11 years. Sub-themes identified were knowledge, attitude, perception and concerns regarding COVID-19 vaccine, leading to the main theme, i.e., views about the COVID-19 vaccine. CONCLUSION People have mixed perceptions regarding COVID-19 vaccine. Channelling correct messages may improve people's willingness to get vaccinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Kumari
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Piyush Ranjan
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sakshi Chopra
- Department of Home Science, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Divjyot Kaur
- Department of Home Science, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanveer Kaur
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamal Bandhu Kalanidhi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aastha Goel
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Amandeep Singh
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Upendra Baitha
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Bindu Prakash
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Naval K Vikram
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
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19
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Kumari A, Ranjan P, Chopra S, Kaur D, Kaur T, Upadhyay AD, Isaac JA, Kasiraj R, Prakash B, Kumar P, Dwivedi SN, Vikram NK. Knowledge, barriers and facilitators regarding COVID-19 vaccine and vaccination programme among the general population: A cross-sectional survey from one thousand two hundred and forty-nine participants. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:987-992. [PMID: 33984818 PMCID: PMC8087578 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The success of the COVID-19 vaccination program is dependent on people's knowledge and attitude regarding the vaccination program. Higher vaccine acceptance can be ensured by strengthening the facilitators and limiting the barriers being observed among the general population. MATERIAL AND METHODS Indexed study is a cross-sectional web-based survey using a pre-validated questionnaire to assess knowledge, barriers and facilitators of COVID-19 vaccine and vaccination programme administered on adults across India using a Google online survey platform. RESULTS A total of 1294 responses (age: 38.02 ± 13.34 years) were collected. Most of the participants had limited knowledge regarding the eligibility of vaccines in vulnerable population groups such as people with allergies (57.89%) and immune-compromised patients (62.98%), pregnant and lactating women (41.89%) and patients with chronic illness (34.78%). Older participants (>45 years) were more willing to take the COVID-19 vaccine (p < 0.001) as they believed the vaccine is not harmful and considered it as societal responsibility. Younger participants (<45 years) and those residing in urban settings raised concerns on the availability of the vaccine and authenticity of the vaccine (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION There is a scope for improvement in people's knowledge regarding COVID-19 vaccine and the vaccination programme by addressing the barriers and facilitators which can improve the participants' turnover at vaccination centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Kumari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Piyush Ranjan
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sakshi Chopra
- Department of Home Science, University of Delhi, India
| | - Divjyot Kaur
- Department of Home Science, University of Delhi, India
| | - Tanveer Kaur
- JRF, Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Datt Upadhyay
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rhytha Kasiraj
- MBBS Sudent, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bindu Prakash
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Parmeshwar Kumar
- Department of Hospital Administration, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sada Nand Dwivedi
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Naval K Vikram
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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20
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Rajkumar RP. Suffering and Salutogenesis: A Conceptual Analysis of Lessons for Psychiatry From Existential Positive Psychology (PP2.0) in the Setting of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2021; 12:646334. [PMID: 33897551 PMCID: PMC8064119 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.646334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a widespread effect on the thoughts, emotions and behavior of millions of people all around the world. In this context, a large body of scientific literature examining the mental health impact of this global crisis has emerged. The majority of these studies have framed this impact in terms of pre-defined categories derived from psychiatric nosology, such as anxiety disorders, depression or post-traumatic stress disorder. These constructs often fail to capture the complexity of the actual experiences of the individuals being studied; more specifically, they describe these experiences exclusively in terms of disease, while neglecting their potentially adaptive or “salutogenic” aspects. Similarly, discussion of psychological assistance for these individuals has largely been confined to a reiteration of “evidence-based” psychological or pharmacological techniques which can be delivered using remote access technology. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, these approaches are likely to be of mixed efficacy. Conversely, “negative emotions” or distressing psychological experiences may actually be functional in the setting of a disaster or crisis, serving to minimize harm, maximize social coherence and compliance, and facilitate adherence to safety measures. The limitations of the “conventional” approach are, to a certain degree, inherent to the prevailing medical model of mental health. Beyond these considerations lies the concept of “salutogenesis,” a term which refers to the innate capacity of individuals to create and maintain health and well-being in the face of adversity. Using principles derived from the second wave of positive psychology (PP2.0), particularly its emphasis on the totality of human experience and the possibility of deriving meaning and character growth from suffering, this paper conceptually analyses the relevant aspects of salutogenesis and PP2.0, and proposes an alternate approach for addressing mental health concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic. Such an approach, while acknowledging the utility of the conventional medical-psychotherapeutic model in specific cases, reduces the risk of medicalizing human experience, and provides individuals and communities with opportunities for growth and adaptation. The benefits of this proposal could potentially extend far beyond the current crisis, offering an opportunity for the field of psychiatry and mental health research to move away from a purely “disease-centered” model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Philip Rajkumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
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21
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Kumari A, Rajasekaran K, Ranjan P, Upadhyay AD, Singh A, Kumar Chadda R, Bhatla N. Development of a Questionnaire to Assess the Psychosocial Effects of COVID-19 on Peripartum Women. Cureus 2021; 13:e14270. [PMID: 33954074 PMCID: PMC8091138 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The social and behavioral changes brought about by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have led to adverse consequences on the psychosocial functioning of peripartum women. Therefore, we developed and validated a tool to assess the psychosocial effect of the pandemic among these women. Methods The questionnaire was developed using a scientifically accepted systematic methodology comprising literature search, focus-group discussion (FGD), expert evaluation, pretesting, and validation. Results The final questionnaire consists of 38 questions, and it has a Cronbach's α value of 0.90 and a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value of 0.773. Conclusion The questionnaire has good reliability and face, content, and construct validity. It can be used to assess the psychosocial functioning of peripartum women in low middle-income countries and help perinatal mental health specialists to devise strategies to cope with the psychological impact of COVID-19-like pandemics on peripartum women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Kumari
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, IND
| | - Keerthana Rajasekaran
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, IND
| | - Piyush Ranjan
- Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, IND
| | - Ashish D Upadhyay
- Statistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, IND
| | - Anju Singh
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, IND
| | - Rakesh Kumar Chadda
- Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, IND
| | - Neerja Bhatla
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, IND
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22
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Bhattacharya A, Ranjan P, Kumar A, Brijwal M, Pandey RM, Mahishi N, Baitha U, Pandey S, Mittal A, Wig N. Development and Validation of a Clinical Symptom-based Scoring System for Diagnostic Evaluation of COVID-19 Patients Presenting to Outpatient Department in a Pandemic Situation. Cureus 2021; 13:e13681. [PMID: 33833907 PMCID: PMC8018900 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Preventive strategies in the form of early identification and isolation of patients are the cornerstones in the control of COVID-19 pandemic. We have conducted this study to develop a clinical symptom-based scoring system (CSBSS) for the diagnostic evaluation of COVID-19. Methods In this study, 378 patients presenting to screening outpatient clinic with clinical suspicion of COVID-19 were evaluated for various clinical symptoms. Statistical associations between presenting symptoms and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results were analysed to select statistically significant clinical symptoms to design a scoring formula. CSBSS was developed by evaluating clinical symptoms in 70% of the total patients. The cut-off score of the CSBSS was determined from ROC (receiver operating characteristics) curve analysis to obtain a cut-off for optimum sensitivity and specificity. Subsequently, developed CSBSS was validated in the external validation dataset comprising 30% of patients. Results Clinical symptoms like fever >1000F, myalgia, headache, cough and loss of smell had significant association with RT-PCR result. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval [CI]) for loss of smell, fever >100°F, headache, cough and myalgia were 5.00 (1.78-13.99), 2.05 (1.36-3.07), 1.31 (0.67-2.59), 1.26 (0.70-2.26) and 1.18 (0.50-2.78), respectively. The ROC curve and area under the curve of development and validation datasets were similar. Conclusion The presence of fever >100°F and loss of smell among suspected patients are important clinical predictors for the diagnosis of COVID-19. This newly developed CSBSS is a valid screening tool that can be useful in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected COVID-19. This can be used for the risk stratification of the suspected patients before their RT-PCR results are generated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piyush Ranjan
- Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Megha Brijwal
- Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Ravindra M Pandey
- Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Niranjan Mahishi
- Infectious Diseases, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Upendra Baitha
- Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Shivam Pandey
- Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Ankit Mittal
- Infectious Diseases, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Naveet Wig
- Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
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Bandhu Kalanidhi K, Ranjan P, Sarkar S, Kaur T, Dutt Upadhyay A, Singh A, Sahu A, Khan M, Vijay Prasad B, Baitha U, Kumar A. Development and validation of a questionnaire to assess socio-behavioural impact of COVID-19 on the general population. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:601-603. [PMID: 33714135 PMCID: PMC7889470 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The aim of the study is to develop a valid and reliable tool to assess sociobehavioural changes due to COVID among the general population. METHODS This mixed method study has two phases. Phase I for questionnaire development (literature review, focus group discussion, expert evaluation and pilot testing). Phase II for establishing construct validity via factor analysis and internal consistency via Cronbach's ɑ by administering the questionnaire on 179 participants. RESULTS A questionnaire comprising 33 questions and five domains was developed having Cronbach's α of 0·82. CONCLUSION The developed questionnaire is a concise, easy to administer and valid tool to assess socio-behavioural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Siddharth Sarkar
- Department of Psychiatry and National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | - Anamika Sahu
- Student Wellness Centre, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
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