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Mandal M, Ghosh D, Karmakar M, Mandi S, Modak P, Ghosh B, Mandal D. Rural child health in India: the persistent nature of deprivation, undernutrition and the 2030 Agenda. ENVIRONMENT, DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY 2023; 26:1-24. [PMID: 36742030 PMCID: PMC9888739 DOI: 10.1007/s10668-023-02912-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The 2030 Agenda for sustainable development was launched to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) across the globe. This paper is based on the primary database to assess the nutritional status of 5-10 years children and the incidence of deprivation in their households of a backward district (Purulia), India in the context of the first two SDGs, e.g., no poverty and zero hunger. We conclude that around 74% of children are undernourished. The proportion of households multidimensionally deprived is 90%, and the majority of them live on less than $1.25 a day. Results reveal that the BMI of mother and the education of father are the two most statistically significant predictors of child malnutrition. Purulia has long been witnessing the persistent nature of deprivation, which is well reflected in the child's health. The district is quite far from the national targets in achieving the SDGs. Government, private sector, and civil society must come together to accelerate the progress of SDGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Mandal
- Department of Geography, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia, Ranchi Road, Post Office- Purulia Sainik School, Purulia, West Bengal 723104 India
| | - Debasis Ghosh
- Department of Geography, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal India
| | - Manas Karmakar
- Department of Geography, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal India
| | - Susanta Mandi
- Department of Geography, Arsha College, Purulia, West Bengal India
| | - Partha Modak
- Department of Geography, Raghunathpur College, Ragunathpur, Purulia, West Bengal India
| | - Biswajit Ghosh
- Department of Geography, Khandra College, Khandra, Burdwan, West Bengal India
| | - Dayamoy Mandal
- Department of Geography, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal India
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Tran HT, Tseng YT, Chen S, Wu SK, Li YC. Moderation of parental socioeconomic status on the relationship between birth health and developmental coordination disorder at early years. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1020428. [PMID: 37009279 PMCID: PMC10050449 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1020428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study investigated whether parental SES moderates the effect of birth health on Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) in preschool children. Methods One hundred and twenty-two children aged 4 to 6 years were enrolled in the study. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children --2nd Edition (MABC-2) test was used to assess the motor coordination of children. They were preliminarily categorized into either the DCD (<=16th percentile, n = 23) or typically developing (TD) group (>16th percentile, n = 99) based on the testing results. All children in the DCD group were further confirmed to meet other diagnostic criteria of the DSM-V using the intellectual test and parental questionnaires. Moderation analysis was conducted using the PROCESS macro for SPSS, and 95% confidence intervals with a bootstrap procedure were calculated to identify the significant moderating effect. Results Maternal education (unstandardized coefficient = 0.6805, SE = 0.3371, p < 0.05) and maternal employment status (unstandardized coefficient = 0.6100, SE = 0.3059, p < 0.05) were found to moderate the relationship between birth length and the probability of having DCD. Moreover, the relationship between birth weight and the probability of having DCD was moderated by the annual household income (unstandardized coefficient = -0.0043, SE = 0.0022, p < 0.05). Conclusion The lower maternal education level and maternal unemployment strengthened the negative relationship between birth length and the probability of having DCD. Additionally, the negative relationship between birth weight and the probability of having DCD was statistically significant in high annual household salaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huynh-Truc Tran
- Department of Physical Therapy & Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Tseng
- Department of Kinesiology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Research Center for Education and Mind Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shuya Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy & Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng K. Wu
- Department of Sport Performance, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chuen Li
- Department of Physical Therapy & Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Correspondence: Yao-Chuen Li
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Radanović D, Đorđević D, Stanković M, Pekas D, Bogataj Š, Trajkovic N. Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition (BOT-2) Short Form: A Systematic Review of Studies Conducted in Healthy Children. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8090787. [PMID: 34572219 PMCID: PMC8471722 DOI: 10.3390/children8090787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Motor skill competence of children is one of the important predictors of health because if a child is physically active during early childhood, the possibility of occurrence of many chronic diseases in adulthood will be reduced. The aim of this study was to systematically review the studies conducted in healthy children using the shorter form of the Bruininks-Oseretsky (BOT-2) and to determine the applicability in cross-sectional studies and pre-post designs. The search and analysis of the studies were done in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. An electronic databases search (Google Scholar, PubMed, Mendeley, Science Direct, and Scopus) yielded 250 relevant studies conducted from 2011 to 2020. A total of 21 studies were included in quantitative synthesis, with a total of 3893 participants, both male and female. Through this study, the BOT-2 test proved its broad applicability, so it can be concluded that this test can be used to improve motor proficiency in a healthy population of children. Hence, it is necessary to invest a lot of time during the implementation of various programs so that children would adequately develop their basic motor skills so they broaden their own repertoire of movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Radanović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Dušan Đorđević
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (D.Đ.); (M.S.)
| | - Mima Stanković
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (D.Đ.); (M.S.)
| | - Damir Pekas
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10110 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Špela Bogataj
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nebojša Trajkovic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (D.Đ.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Ferreira L, Gabbard C, Vieira JL, Tamplain P. Associations Between the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire - Brazilian Version (DCDQ-BR) and Motor Competence in School-Age Children. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2020; 40:121-133. [PMID: 31544582 DOI: 10.1080/01942638.2019.1665154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Parental screening of children's motor skills can be helpful for early identification of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). The present study examined the associations between the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire - Brazilian version (DCDQ-BR) and motor competence in school-age children.Methods: 707 children (332 boys, 375 girls) aged between 6- to 10-years and one of their parents participated in the study. Parents completed the DCDQ-BR and children's motor competence was determined using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency - 2nd edition (BOT-2).Results: The agreement between the BOT-2 and DCDQ-BR results was comparable across age, ranging from 74-84 percent. In general, there were low- to moderate correlations between all aspects of the parent report and children's motor competence. Sensitivity and specificity of the DCDQ-BR were 70% and 81%, respectively. Overall, boys had higher motor competence than girls, but parent reports were similar for gender.Conclusions: Parental assessment of their child's motor ability is moderately associated with motor competence, and this association is similar for boys and girls, even though boys scored higher in motor competence. Our findings suggest that it may be possible to reduce the length of clinical assessment by only testing children that flag as suspect for DCD in the DCDQ-BR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Ferreira
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Pr, Brazil.,Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Carl Gabbard
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - José Luiz Vieira
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Pr, Brazil.,Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Priscila Tamplain
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
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Girls From Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Schools Exhibit Greater Object Control Skills Than Girls From Schools on the Upper Levels of Socioeconomic Development. JOURNAL OF MOTOR LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2019-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study compared fundamental movement skills (FMS) in children from schools on the lower and upper levels of socioeconomic status. Data were collected from 228 schoolchildren across five schools in Ireland. There were 147 children from schools of social disadvantage (Mage
= 7.67 [SD = 0.62] years; 55% boys) and 81 children from schools considered in the normal range for socioeconomic development (Mage
= 7.34 [SD = 0.26] years; 56% boys). FMS were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development–2. Mixed models were used to estimate differences in FMS, while controlling for the nested structure of the data and for sex, age, body mass index, and class size. There was a substantial sex×school interaction, with girls from schools of social disadvantage exhibiting greater object-control skills proficiency than their counterparts in schools on the upper tertiles of socioeconomic development (standardized effect size = 0.66 [±95% confidence limits, ±0.50]; p = .02). The suggestion that children from social disadvantage are delayed in FMS is unsupported in this cohort. Differences in the structure of physical education and types of sports undertaken by children in schools of social disadvantage in Ireland are considered as explanations for this departure from previous studies.
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Motor Competence Levels in Young Children: A Cross-Cultural Comparison Between Belgium and Greece. JOURNAL OF MOTOR LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2018-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The targeted continent and/or country driven promotion of physical activity and health from an early age onwards requires more insight into cross-cultural differences in motor competence. Using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition Short Form (BOT-2 SF), this study assessed and compared both fine and gross motor skill performances of 5- and 6-year-old children from Belgium (n = 325) and Greece (n = 245). Linear mixed effect models and a χ2 test analyzed between-country differences in BOT-2 SF scores and the distribution across descriptive performance categories. Overall, Belgian and Greek participants displayed quite similar levels of motor competence, with fewer children performing (well-)below average than could be expected. On test item level, however, several significant differences emerged. Large effect sizes were found for knee push-ups (Hedges’ g = 1.46) and copying a square (Hedges’ g = 2.59), which demonstrated a better outcome for Belgian and Greek preschoolers, respectively. These findings might be attributed to different (physical) education practices in both European countries. The present study also highlights the importance of using an assessment tool covering the entire range of motor skills as well as a focusing primarily on raw performance scores, containing and explaining more variance, for international comparative research purposes.
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Flôres FS, Rodrigues LP, Copetti F, Lopes F, Cordovil R. Affordances for Motor Skill Development in Home, School, and Sport Environments: A Narrative Review. Percept Mot Skills 2019; 126:366-388. [PMID: 30773999 DOI: 10.1177/0031512519829271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Through development, a child's varied movement contexts provide different opportunities or affordances for action that are fundamental to promoting motor competence. Although home is the primary environment for infants, as children age, school and sport environments gain importance. Studies focusing on affordances for motor behavior in children have mainly addressed the home microsystem, providing an incomplete picture of affordances across different settings, particularly later in development. Here, we undertook a narrative literature review of various affordances for children's motor development. This review revealed that prior studies of school and sports contexts have not specifically focused on those environmental properties that promote or hinder motor learning opportunities, meaning that future research should assess these relationships through manipulations of environmental features in these different microsystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Saraiva Flôres
- 1 Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.,2 Centro de Educacão Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brasil
| | - Luis P Rodrigues
- 3 Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer de Melgaço, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Melgaço, Portugal.,4 Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernando Copetti
- 2 Centro de Educacão Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brasil
| | - Frederico Lopes
- 1 Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Cordovil
- 1 Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.,5 CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
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8
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Ye A, Yan S, Huang K, Mao L, Ge X, Weng T, Zuo A, Tao X, Tao F. Maternal intelligence quotient and motor development in early childhood: The mediating role of mother's education. J Paediatr Child Health 2019; 55:87-94. [PMID: 30051946 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.14123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the association between maternal intelligence quotient (IQ) and early childhood motor development and whether maternal education mediates this relationship. METHODS Data were collected prospectively in the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort study. Maternal IQ was assessed using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised by China (WAIS-RC). Information on baseline characteristics and maternal education was obtained from questionnaires and medical records. The study outcome was motor development evaluated at 18 months by the Third Edition of Ages and Stages Questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses and mediation analyses were used. RESULTS Of 2739 valid subjects (84% follow-up), the rate of developmental delay was 3.1% in the gross motor domain and 6.2% in the fine motor domain. The mean value for maternal IQ was 96.2 (standard deviation 10.6). About 40.3% of the mothers had secondary education or less, while 59.7% had a college education. Mothers with higher IQ had a significantly higher educational level and had children with better motor development. Maternal education significantly mediated the association between maternal IQ and fine motor development. There was a direct effect of maternal IQ on gross motor development, but the mediation effect of maternal education was not found. CONCLUSIONS Maternal IQ was associated with motor development. Maternal education played an important role in reducing the disparities in fine motor development among children of different maternal IQs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoxing Ye
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuangqin Yan
- Department of Child Health Care, Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health Center, Ma'anshan, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Leijing Mao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xing Ge
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tingting Weng
- Department of Child Health Care, Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health Center, Ma'anshan, China
| | - Azhu Zuo
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xingyong Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China
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Abstract
Abstract
Objective
This cross sectional study was done to assess the developmental status in children (6-30 mo old) with severe acute malutrition (SAM).
Methods
Study subjects were enrolled from children in SAM therapeutic unit, and controls were selected from well-baby clinic of the institute. Neurodevelopment of both groups was assessed using the Developmental assessment scale of Indian infants (DASII). Developmental quotient (DQ) ≤70 was considered delayed.
Results
Mean (SE) motor DQ 59.04 (0.74) and mental DQ 62.1 (0.57) was lower in SAM as compared to controls (both P<0.0001). Clusters of early age were normal but clusters with items of later infancy were delayed.
Conclusions
Children with SAM show significant delay in development, and motor DQ is affected more than mental DQ.
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Chowdhury SD, Wrotniak BH, Ghosh T. Association Between Body Mass Index and Motor Competence in Santal Children of Purulia District, India. J Mot Behav 2016; 49:349-354. [PMID: 27740896 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2016.1219308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between body mass index and motor competence in Santal children 5-12 years old. A total of 816 Santal children were studied. Children's adiposity status was assessed by body mass index (BMI) for age z-score based on World Health Organization reference data. Motor competence was measured using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Competence (BOT-2). There was no significant difference in mean BMI z-score between Santal boys (0.13 ± 0.07) and girls (-0.14 ± 0.07). Healthy weight (HW) children scored higher (p < .05) in some individual motor subtests (bilateral competence, balance, running speed and agility, upper limb competence, and strength) and in total BOT-2 score (p < .05) compared with scores for underweight (UW) and overweight (OW) children. Nonlinear regression analysis showed that BMI is a significant independent predictor of motor competence (p < .01). Motor competence showed a curvilinear relationship with BMI-z-score, with the lowest point motor scores in strength and upper limb competence (p < .05) for both UW and OW children compared to HW children who scored highest. The results also indicated that gross motor skills, but not fine motor skills, were poorer among children who were UW or OW compared with HW children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian H Wrotniak
- b Center for Health Behavior Research, D'Youville College , Buffalo , New York
| | - Tusharkanti Ghosh
- c Department of Physiology , University of Calcutta , Kolkata , India
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Ghosh S, Ghosh T, Dutta Chowdhury S, Wrotniak BH, Chandra AM. Factors associated With the development of motor proficiency in school children of Kolkata: A cross-sectional study to assess the role of chronic nutritional and socio-economic status. Dev Psychobiol 2016; 58:734-44. [PMID: 27020315 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of coordinated movements is determined among others by individual growth and environmental factors, but the dynamic relationship between motor proficiency and potential contributing factors such as chronic nutritional status and socio-economic status (SES) is not known in school children of Kolkata. AIM To characterize the motor proficiency in school children of Kolkata and to investigate association of chronic nutritional and SES on motor proficiency. METHODS Motor proficiency in 843 school children of Kolkata aged 5-12 years was assessed by the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor-Proficiency-Second Edition-Short Form (BOT-2 SF). Chronic nutritional status was determined from height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ) using WHO reference and SES was measured using the updated Kuppuswamy's scale. RESULTS Children's motor proficiency was poor compared with the reference values. Children classified as severely undernourished and children of lower SES were found to be "below average" and "well-below average" in motor proficiency categories compared with normal nourished groups and children of upper SES. Children's BOT-2 SF standardized scores decreased incrementally with the severity of chronic undernutrition and lower grades of SES. CONCLUSION Chronic undernutrition and lower SES are associated with poorer motor proficiency in children. Understanding the complex interrelationships that shape childen's motor skills can help inform the development of health promotion programs and tailored interventions to help children reach their full potential. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 58:734-744, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satabdi Ghosh
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University College of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 009, India
| | - Tusharkanti Ghosh
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University College of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 009, India
| | - Sutanu Dutta Chowdhury
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University College of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 009, India
| | - Brian H Wrotniak
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Physical Therapy, D'Youville College, Buffalo, NY
| | - Ananga Mohan Chandra
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University College of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 009, India
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Silva S, Bustamante A, Nevill A, Katzmarzyk PT, Freitas D, Prista A, Maia J. An Allometric Modelling Approach to Identify the Optimal Body Shape Associated with, and Differences between Brazilian and Peruvian Youth Motor Performance. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149493. [PMID: 26939118 PMCID: PMC4777497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Children from developed and developing countries differ in their body size and shape due to marked differences across their life history caused by social, economic and cultural differences which are also linked to their motor performance (MP). We used allometric models to identify size/shape characteristics associated with MP tests between Brazilian and Peruvian schoolchildren. A total of 4,560 subjects, 2,385 girls and 2,175 boys aged 9-15 years were studied. Height and weight were measured; biological maturation was estimated with the maturity offset technique; MP measures included the 12 minute run (12MR), handgrip strength (HG), standing long jump (SLJ) and the shuttle run speed (SR) tests; physical activity (PA) was assessed using the Baecke questionnaire. A multiplicative allometric model was adopted to adjust for body size differences across countries. Reciprocal ponderal index (RPI) was found to be the most suitable body shape indicator associated with the 12MR, SLJ, HG and SR performance. A positive maturation offset parameter was also associated with a better performance in SLJ, HG and SR tests. Sex differences were found in all motor tests. Brazilian youth showed better scores in MP than their Peruvian peers, even when controlling for their body size differences The current study identified the key body size associated with four body mass-dependent MP tests. Biological maturation and PA were associated with strength and motor performance. Sex differences were found in all motor tests, as well as across countries favoring Brazilian children even when accounting for their body size/shape differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonete Silva
- Department of Physical Education, University Regional of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
- CIFID, Kinanthropometry Lab, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Alan Nevill
- School of Sports, Performing, Arts and Leisure, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall, United Kingdom
| | - Peter T. Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Duarte Freitas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - António Prista
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Pedagogical University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - José Maia
- CIFID, Kinanthropometry Lab, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Lucas BR, Doney R, Latimer J, Watkins RE, Tsang TW, Hawkes G, Fitzpatrick JP, Oscar J, Carter M, Elliott EJ. Impairment of motor skills in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in remote Australia: The Lililwan Project. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016; 35:719-727. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara R. Lucas
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health; The University of Sydney, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Clinical School; Sydney Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School; The University of Sydney; Sydney Australia
- Poche Centre for Indigenous Health, Sydney Medical School; The University of Sydney; Sydney Australia
- Physiotherapy Department; Royal North Shore Hospital; Sydney Australia
| | - Robyn Doney
- School of Public Health; Curtin University; Perth Australia
| | - Jane Latimer
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School; The University of Sydney; Sydney Australia
| | - Rochelle E. Watkins
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health; The University of Sydney, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Clinical School; Sydney Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia; Perth Australia
| | - Tracey W. Tsang
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health; The University of Sydney, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Clinical School; Sydney Australia
| | - Genevieve Hawkes
- Derby Allied Health Service; Western Australian Country Health Services; Derby Australia
| | - James P. Fitzpatrick
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health; The University of Sydney, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Clinical School; Sydney Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School; The University of Sydney; Sydney Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia; Perth Australia
| | - June Oscar
- Marninwarntikura Women's Resource Centre; Fitzroy Crossing Australia
- University of Notre Dame; Broome Australia
| | - Maureen Carter
- Nindilingarri Cultural Health Services; Fitzroy Crossing Australia
| | - Elizabeth J. Elliott
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health; The University of Sydney, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Clinical School; Sydney Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School; The University of Sydney; Sydney Australia
- The Sydney Children's Hospital Networks (Westmead); Sydney Australia
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Aiman S, Yusof SM, Kadir ZA, Sabturani N. The Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status and Fine Motor Skills Among Six-Year-Old Preschool Children. PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON SPORTS SCIENCE, EXERCISE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2015 (ICOSSEET 2015) 2016:141-148. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-287-691-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Sudfeld CR, McCoy DC, Danaei G, Fink G, Ezzati M, Andrews KG, Fawzi WW. Linear growth and child development in low- and middle-income countries: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2015; 135:e1266-75. [PMID: 25847806 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-3111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The initial years of life are critical for physical growth and broader cognitive, motor, and socioemotional development, but the magnitude of the link between these processes remains unclear. Our objective was to produce quantitative estimates of the cross-sectional and prospective association of height-for-age z score (HAZ) with child development. METHODS Observational studies conducted in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) presenting data on the relationship of linear growth with any measure of child development among children <12 years of age were identified from a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO. Two reviewers then extracted these data by using a standardized form. RESULTS A total of 68 published studies conducted in 29 LMICs were included in the final database. The pooled adjusted standardized mean difference in cross-sectional cognitive ability per unit increase in HAZ for children ≤ 2 years old was +0.24 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14-0.33; I(2) = 53%) and +0.09 for children > 2 years old (95% CI, 0.05-0.12; I(2) = 78%). Prospectively, each unit increase in HAZ for children ≤ 2 years old was associated with a +0.22-SD increase in cognition at 5 to 11 years after multivariate adjustment (95% CI, 0.17-0.27; I(2) = 0%). HAZ was also significantly associated with earlier walking age and better motor scores (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Observational evidence suggests a robust positive association between linear growth during the first 2 years of life with cognitive and motor development. Effective interventions that reduce linear growth restriction may improve developmental outcomes; however, integration with environmental, educational, and stimulation interventions may produce larger positive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dana Charles McCoy
- Center on the Developing Child, Schools of Education and Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Goodarz Danaei
- Departments of Global Health and Population, Epidemiology, and
| | | | - Majid Ezzati
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Wafaie W Fawzi
- Departments of Global Health and Population, Epidemiology, and Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Undernutrition in Santal children: a biochemical and hematological study. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2013; 64:215-27. [PMID: 23587130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The nutritional status of the children can be measured by biochemical and hematological parameters and dietary assessment. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the causes of the undernutrition in the surveyed Santal children, where high degree of undernutrition exists, by measuring selected hematological and biochemical parameters and dietary intake. Nutritional status was assessed by height-for-age Z-score. Total count of red blood cells (RBC count), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration (Hb%), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were measured. Biochemical parameters such as serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), serum ferritin, serum transferrin, transferrin saturation (TS) and serum albumin were also measured. Serum iron, serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, hemoglobin level and serum albumin of stunted children were significantly lower (p<0.05) than those in children of normal stature. Total iron binding capacity and serum transferrin of stunted children were significantly higher (p<0.05) than the values in children of normal stature. More than 29% of surveyed children were suffering from iron deficiency. Hemoglobin concentration was found to be strongly associated (p<0.001) with the nutritional status. Dietary intake of almost all nutrients in all age groups was found to be lower than the recommended dietary allowances (RDA) in both sexes. A mild iron deficiency was found in stunted Santal children. The stunting may be associated with the deficiency of specific nutrients such as iron and protein in surveyed Santal children.
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Ghosh S, Chowdhury SD, Chandra AM, Ghosh T. A study on the influence of occupation on development of motor activities in children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2011.651150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Kitsao-Wekulo PK, Holding PA, Taylor HG, Kvalsvig JD, Connolly KJ. Determinants of variability in motor performance in middle childhood: a cross-sectional study of balance and motor co-ordination skills. BMC Psychol 2013; 1:29. [PMID: 25566377 PMCID: PMC4270021 DOI: 10.1186/2050-7283-1-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is a key component of exploration and development. Poor motor proficiency, by limiting participation in physical and social activities, can therefore contribute to poor psychological and social development. The current study examined the correlates of motor performance in a setting where no locally validated measures of motor skills previously existed. The development of an appropriate assessment schedule is important to avoid the potential misclassification of children's motor performance. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among a predominantly rural population. Boys (N = 148) and girls (N = 160) aged between 8 and 11 years were randomly selected from five schools within Kilifi District in Kenya. Four tests of static and dynamic balance and four tests of motor coordination and manual dexterity were developed through a 4-step systematic adaptation procedure. Independent samples t-tests, correlational, univariate and regression analyses were applied to examine associations between background variables and motor scores. RESULTS The battery of tests demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity. Variability in motor performance was significantly associated with a number of background characteristics measured at the child, (gender, nutritional status and school exposure) household (household resources) and neighbourhood levels (area of residence). The strongest effect sizes were related to nutritional status and school exposure. CONCLUSIONS The current study provides preliminary evidence of motor performance from a typically developing rural population within an age range that has not been previously studied. As well as being culturally appropriate, the developed tests were reliable, valid and sensitive to biological and environmental correlates. Further, the use of composite scores seems to strengthen the magnitude of differences seen among groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K Kitsao-Wekulo
- KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research -Coast, Kilifi, Kenya ; International Centre for Behavioural Studies, Nairobi, Kenya ; University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Penny A Holding
- KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research -Coast, Kilifi, Kenya ; International Centre for Behavioural Studies, Nairobi, Kenya ; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH USA
| | | | | | - Kevin J Connolly
- Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Bove I, Miranda T, Campoy C, Uauy R, Napol M. Stunting, overweight and child development impairment go hand in hand as key problems of early infancy: Uruguayan case. Early Hum Dev 2012; 88:747-51. [PMID: 22560815 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stunting, overweight and child development impairment are key problems affecting early infancy and have short and long-term consequences on academic performance, social competence and adult health. The aim of this paper is to identify linkages and factors that may simultaneously contribute to these problems. STUDY DESIGN A cross sectional study. SUBJECTS 2,046 children under 5 years in Canelones, Uruguay. OUTCOME MEASURES For simultaneous assessment of the relationship between stunting, overweight and child development impairment we used multiple logistic regression analyses. We included children, household, maternal and paternal variables as confounder factors. To give the strength of association we performed odds ratios (OR). A significant OR was defined as upper and lower 95% confidence limits not containing the value of one. Significance level was <0.05. RESULTS Low birthweight was a risk for stunting OR: 3.2 (1.8-5.6) and for reduced head circumference growth OR: 3.9 (1.9-8.0); infants with reduced head circumference had an increased chance of delayed psychomotor development OR: 2.4 (1.17-5.07) and of being stunted OR: 3.2 (1.7-6.3); stunted infants had almost three times risk of being overweight OR: 2.7 (1.8-4.1). Maternal stature <160 cm, low BMI, low education and poverty were also predictor for stunting. Obese mother, maternal stature >160 cm and maternal smoking increased chance of overweight. Some maternal behaviors, such as mother not used to singing songs and maternal smoking increased the likelihood of delaying psychomotor development. CONCLUSIONS The close linkages between stunting, being overweight and child development impairment suggest they should be targeted together: they coexist in the same infants and predict each other.
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