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Carollo A, Zhang P, Yin P, Jawed A, Dimitriou D, Esposito G, Mangar S. Sleep Profiles in Eating Disorders: A Scientometric Study on 50 Years of Clinical Research. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2090. [PMID: 37510531 PMCID: PMC10379413 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11142090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep and diet are essential for maintaining physical and mental health. These two factors are closely intertwined and affect each other in both timing and quality. Eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, are often accompanied by different sleep problems. In modern society, an increasing number of studies are being conducted on the relationship between eating disorders and sleep. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of this field and highlight influential papers as well as the main research domains in this area, a scientometric approach was used to review 727 publications from 1971 to 2023. All documents were retrieved from Scopus through the following string "TITLE-ABS (("sleep" OR "insomnia") AND ("anorexia nervosa" OR "bulimia nervosa" OR "binge eating" OR "eating disorder*") AND NOT "obes*") AND (LIMIT-TO (LANGUAGE, "English"))". A document co-citation analysis was applied to map the relationship between relevant articles and their cited references as well as the gaps in the literature. Nine publications on sleep and eating disorders were frequently cited, with an article by Vetrugno and colleagues on nocturnal eating being the most impactful in the network. The results also indicated a total of seven major thematic research clusters. The qualitative inspection of clusters strongly highlights the reciprocal influence of disordered eating and sleeping patterns. Researchers have modelled this reciprocal influence by taking into account the role played by pharmacological (e.g., zolpidem, topiramate), hormonal (e.g., ghrelin), and psychological (e.g., anxiety, depression) factors, pharmacological triggers, and treatments for eating disorders and sleep problems. The use of scientometric perspectives provides valuable insights into the field related to sleep and eating disorders, which can guide future research directions and foster a more comprehensive understanding of this important area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Carollo
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Pengyue Zhang
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, UCL Institute of Education, London WC1H 0AA, UK
| | - Peiying Yin
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, UCL Institute of Education, London WC1H 0AA, UK
| | - Aisha Jawed
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, UCL Institute of Education, London WC1H 0AA, UK
| | - Dagmara Dimitriou
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, UCL Institute of Education, London WC1H 0AA, UK
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Stephen Mangar
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London W6 8RF, UK
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2
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Rodan SC, Bryant E, Le A, Maloney D, Touyz S, McGregor IS, Maguire S. Pharmacotherapy, alternative and adjunctive therapies for eating disorders: findings from a rapid review. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:112. [PMID: 37415200 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00833-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current review broadly summarises the evidence base for pharmacotherapies and adjunctive and alternative therapies in the treatment of eating disorders and disordered eating. METHODS This paper forms part of a Rapid Review series examining the evidence base in the field of eating disorders. This was conducted to inform the Australian National Eating Disorder Research and Translation Strategy 2021-2030. ScienceDirect, PubMed and Ovid/Medline were searched for included studies published between 2009 and 2021 in English. High-level evidence such as meta-analyses, large population studies and randomised control trials were prioritised, and grey literature excluded. Data from included studies relating to pharmacotherapy, and to adjunctive and alternative therapies in eating disorders, were synthesised and disseminated in the current review. RESULTS A total of 121 studies were identified, relating to pharmacotherapy (n = 90), adjunctive therapies (n = 21) and alternative therapies (n = 22). Some of the identified studies involved combinations of the above (e.g. adjunctive pharmacotherapy). Evidence of efficacy of interventions across all three categories was very limited with few relevant high quality clinical trials. There was a particular scarcity of evidence around effective treatments for anorexia nervosa (AN). With treatment of bulimia nervosa (BN), fluoxetine has exhibited some efficacy leading to regulatory approval in some countries. With binge eating disorder (BED), recent evidence supports the use of lisdexamfetamine. Neurostimulation interventions show some emerging efficacy in the treatment of AN, BN and BED but some, such as deep brain stimulation can be highly invasive. CONCLUSION Despite widespread use of medications, this Rapid Review has identified a lack of effective medications and adjunctive and alternative therapies in the treatment of EDs. An intensification of high-quality clinical trial activity and drug discovery innovation are required to better assist patients suffering from EDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Catherine Rodan
- InsideOut Institute for Eating Disorders, Level 2, Charles Perkins Centre (D17), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Emma Bryant
- InsideOut Institute for Eating Disorders, Level 2, Charles Perkins Centre (D17), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Anvi Le
- Healthcare Management Advisors, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Danielle Maloney
- InsideOut Institute for Eating Disorders, Level 2, Charles Perkins Centre (D17), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Stephen Touyz
- InsideOut Institute for Eating Disorders, Level 2, Charles Perkins Centre (D17), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Iain S McGregor
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah Maguire
- InsideOut Institute for Eating Disorders, Level 2, Charles Perkins Centre (D17), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales Health, Sydney, Australia
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Lavery ME, Frum-Vassallo D. An Updated Review of Night Eating Syndrome: An Under-Represented Eating Disorder. Curr Obes Rep 2022; 11:395-404. [PMID: 36451065 PMCID: PMC9713091 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-022-00487-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Night eating syndrome (NES) is an eating disorder that has historically been under-studied. The current review aims to summarize the most up-to-date research on NES to support better awareness. RECENT FINDINGS Since NES was recently included as a formal diagnosis, research on the prevalence of NES is ever evolving. Current studies underscore the high comorbidity between NES and other eating disorders, with additional complexities for patient with comorbid eating disorders. Recent findings also support the association between NES and sleep correlates, a relationship that has remained during the COVID-19 pandemic. Emerging research confirms correlates of distress in NES across cultures. There remain mixed findings between NES and BMI. There is also debate around whether age is a risk factor. Bariatric surgery research has focused on the re-emergence of NES post-operatively. Our understanding of the correlates of NES is increasing. However, research on the treatment for NES remains particularly under-studied and requires further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Lavery
- Christiana Care Bariatric Surgery Service, 501 West 14th Street, Wilmington Hospital, Gateway Building, 2nd Floor, Wilmington, DE 19801 USA
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Allison KC, Chao AM, Bruzas MB, McCuen‐Wurst C, Jones E, McAllister C, Gruber K, Berkowitz RI, Wadden TA, Tronieri JS. A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of Liraglutide 3.0 mg for Binge Eating Disorder. Obes Sci Pract 2022; 9:127-136. [PMID: 37034559 PMCID: PMC10073825 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the efficacy of liraglutide 3.0 mg, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, for binge eating disorder (BED). Methods Adults with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 27 kg/m2 enrolled in a pilot, 17-week double-blind, randomized controlled trial of liraglutide 3.0 mg/day for BED. The primary outcome was number of objective binge episodes (OBEs)/week. Binge remission, weight change, and psychosocial variables were secondary outcomes. Mixed effect models were used for continuous variables, and generalized estimating equations were used for remission rates. Results Participants (n = 27) were 44.2 ± 10.6 years; BMI = 37.9 ± 11.8 kg/m2; 63% women; and 59% White and 41% Black. At baseline, the liraglutide group (n = 13) reported 4.7 ± 0.7 OBEs/week, compared with 3.0 ± 0.7 OBEs/week for the placebo group, p = 0.07. At week 17, OBEs/week decreased by 4.0 ± 0.6 in liraglutide participants and by 2.5 ± 0.5 in placebo participants (p = 0.37, mean difference = 1.2, 95% confidence interval 1.3, 2.0). BED remission rates of 44% and 36%, respectively, did not differ. Percent weight loss was significantly greater in the liraglutide versus the placebo group (5.2 ± 1.0% vs. 0.9 ± 0.7%, p = 0.005). Conclusion Participants in both groups reported reductions in OBEs, with the liraglutide group showing clinically meaningful weight loss. A pharmacy medication dispensing error was a significant limitation of this study. Further research on liraglutide and other GLP-1 agonists for BED is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C. Allison
- Department of Psychiatry Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA United States
| | - Ariana M. Chao
- Department of Psychiatry Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA United States
- School of Nursing University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA United States
| | - Maija B. Bruzas
- Department of Psychiatry Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA United States
| | - Courtney McCuen‐Wurst
- Department of Psychiatry Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA United States
| | - Elizabeth Jones
- Department of Psychiatry Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA United States
| | - Cooper McAllister
- Department of Psychiatry Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA United States
| | - Kathryn Gruber
- Department of Psychiatry Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA United States
| | - Robert I. Berkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA United States
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania United States
| | - Thomas A. Wadden
- Department of Psychiatry Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA United States
| | - Jena S. Tronieri
- Department of Psychiatry Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA United States
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Muscatello MRA, Torre G, Celebre L, Dell'Osso B, Mento C, Zoccali RA, Bruno A. 'In the night kitchen': A scoping review on the night eating syndrome. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2022; 56:120-136. [PMID: 34169752 DOI: 10.1177/00048674211025714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND First described in 1955, night eating syndrome refers to an abnormal eating behavior clinically defined by the presence of evening hyperphagia (>25% of daily caloric intake) and/or nocturnal awaking with food ingestion occurring ⩾ 2 times per week. AIMS Although the syndrome is frequently comorbid with obesity, metabolic and psychiatric disorders, its etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, assessment and treatment still remain not fully understood. METHODS This review was conducted according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines; PubMed database was searched until 31 October 2020, using the key terms: 'Night Eating Syndrome' AND 'complications' OR 'diagnosis' OR 'drug therapy' OR 'epidemiology' OR 'etiology' OR 'physiology' OR 'physiopathology' OR 'psychology' OR 'therapy'. RESULTS From a total of 239 citations, 120 studies assessing night eating syndrome met the inclusion criteria to be included in the review. CONCLUSION The inclusion of night eating syndrome into the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 'Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders' category should drive the attention of clinician and researchers toward this syndrome that is still defined by evolving diagnostic criteria. The correct identification and assessment of NES could facilitate the detection and the diagnosis of this disorder, whose bio-psycho-social roots support its multifactorial nature. The significant rates of comorbid illnesses associated with NES and the overlapping symptoms with other eating disorders require a focused clinical attention. Treatment options for night eating syndrome include both pharmacological (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, topiramate and melatonergic drugs) and non-pharmachological approaches; the combination of such strategies within a multidisciplinary approach should be addressed in future, well-sized and long-term studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Anna Muscatello
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University Hospital of Messina 'G. Martino', University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Torre
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University Hospital of Messina 'G. Martino', University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Celebre
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University Hospital of Messina 'G. Martino', University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Bernardo Dell'Osso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Ospedale Sacco-Polo Universitario, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,CRC 'Aldo Ravelli' for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carmela Mento
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University Hospital of Messina 'G. Martino', University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rocco Antonio Zoccali
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University Hospital of Messina 'G. Martino', University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Bruno
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University Hospital of Messina 'G. Martino', University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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AlJhani SA. Escitalopram-induced epistaxis: A case report. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2021; 16:938-942. [PMID: 34899137 PMCID: PMC8626811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a group of drugs used to treat various psychiatric disorders such as major depression, generalised anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive syndrome. Although generally safe, SSRIs can lead to various adverse effects, including an increased risk of bleeding due to their effect on platelet activation and aggregation. Unexpected bleeding can occur at different sites, in people of different age groups, and in combination with other medications. The commonly reported risk factors associated with medication-induced bleeding in patients with mental disorders include co-administration of other drugs and liver cirrhosis or failure. We report a relatively less common adverse effect of SSRIs. This is the case of a Middle Eastern man, known to have seasonal allergic rhinitis, who developed self-limiting epistaxis following the use of escitalopram for a depressive disorder. Since a history of seasonal allergy can precipitate bleeding when using SSRIs, risk factors for bleeding associated with SSRIs, excluding the common causes, should be explored for better management and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumayah A AlJhani
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, KSA
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7
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Matsui K, Komada Y, Okajima I, Takaesu Y, Kuriyama K, Inoue Y. A Cross-Sectional Study of Evening Hyperphagia and Nocturnal Ingestion: Core Constituents of Night Eating Syndrome with Different Background Factors. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114179. [PMID: 34836434 PMCID: PMC8618342 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This web-based cross-sectional survey aimed to elucidate the differences between the two core symptoms of night eating syndrome (NES): evening hyperphagia and nocturnal ingestion in the general Japanese population aged 16–79 years. Participants who consumed at least 25% of daily calories after dinner were defined as having evening hyperphagia. Those who consumed food after sleep initiation at least twice a week were determined to have nocturnal ingestion. Of the 8348 participants, 119 (1.5%) were categorized in the evening hyperphagia group, 208 (2.6%) in the nocturnal ingestion group, and 8024 in the non-NES group. Participants with evening hyperphagia and nocturnal ingestion had significantly higher anxiety scores (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively) and depression (p < 0.001 for both) than those without NES. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that evening hyperphagia was significantly and independently associated with higher body mass index, shorter sleep duration, later sleep-wake schedule, and higher insomnia score, while nocturnal ingestion was significantly and independently associated with younger age, smoking habit, living alone, earlier sleep-wake schedule, and higher insomnia score. Sleep duration and sleep-wake schedule characteristics in the two groups were opposite, suggesting differences in the sleep pathophysiology mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Matsui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 1878551, Japan;
- Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 1878553, Japan;
- Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Tokyo 1510053, Japan
| | - Yoko Komada
- Liberal Arts, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 2048588, Japan;
| | - Isa Okajima
- Department of Psychological Counseling, Faculty of Humanities, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo 1738602, Japan;
| | - Yoshikazu Takaesu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 9030215, Japan;
| | - Kenichi Kuriyama
- Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 1878553, Japan;
| | - Yuichi Inoue
- Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Tokyo 1510053, Japan
- Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 1608402, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-6300-5401
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8
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Matsui K, Kuriyama K, Kobayashi M, Inada K, Nishimura K, Inoue Y. The efficacy of add-on ramelteon and subsequent dose reduction in benzodiazepine derivatives/Z-drugs for the treatment of sleep-related eating disorder and night eating syndrome: a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients. J Clin Sleep Med 2021; 17:1475-1483. [PMID: 33704048 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of ramelteon in treating abnormal eating behavior in patients with sleep-related eating disorder and/or night eating syndrome. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with sleep-related eating disorder/night eating syndrome at the Yoyogi Sleep Disorder Center from November 2013 to November 2018. We categorized patients as ramelteon treatment responders when the frequency of nighttime eating per week decreased to less than half of that before treatment. RESULTS Forty-nine patients were included in the analysis. The mean frequency of eating behavior (per week) (standard deviation) at baseline and post-ramelteon treatment was significantly different, at 5.3 (2.2) and 3.2 (3.0), respectively (P < .001). Twenty-one patients (42.9%) were classified as responders. Adverse events, all of which were mild daytime somnolence, were observed in 5 patients. There were significantly more individuals using benzodiazepine derivatives and Z-drugs before treatment and those with coexisting delayed sleep-wake phase disorder in the responder group than in the nonresponder group (P < .001 and P < .05, respectively). The mean benzodiazepine derivatives and Z-drugs dose significantly decreased from baseline to post-ramelteon treatment within the responder group (P < .05). This trend was not observed in the nonresponder group. Meanwhile, the sleep midpoint of patients with sleep-related eating disorder/night eating syndrome and delayed sleep-wake phase disorder did not significantly change after treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that ramelteon is a candidate treatment for sleep-related eating disorder/night eating syndrome. The effects of ramelteon might have occurred primarily through the reduction in benzodiazepine derivatives and Z-drugs rather than through the improvement in sleep-wake rhythm dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Matsui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kuriyama
- Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mina Kobayashi
- Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Inada
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuji Nishimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Inoue
- Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Depression symptoms and night eating in young adulthood. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:1593-1600. [PMID: 31673988 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00796-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We estimated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between depression symptoms and night eating in young adults. METHODS Data were drawn from a longitudinal investigation of students age 12-13 years at inception in 1999-2000, in Montreal, Canada. Depression symptoms were measured with the Depressive Symptoms Scale (DSS) 20 times from age 12 to 17, and with the Major Depression Inventory (MDI) post-high school at ages 20 and 24. Night eating was measured at age 24. The association between depression symptoms and night eating was estimated in multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for sex, age and mother university-educated. RESULTS 9% of 829 participants (n = 77) reported night eating. In cross-sectional analysis, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) estimate for MDI scores (range 0-50) was 1.04 (1.01, 1.07). In longitudinal analyses, the OR estimates were 1.75 (1.20, 2.55) for DSS scores (range 1-4) and 1.03 (1.002, 1.06) for the MDI. CONCLUSIONS Depression symptoms are associated with night eating in young adults cross-sectionally and possibly longitudinally. Treatment of depression symptoms may be important in preventing night eating, a core symptom of the Night Eating Syndrome. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, cohort analytic study.
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Shoar S, Naderan M, Mahmoodzadeh H, Shoar N, Lotfi D. Night eating syndrome: a psychiatric disease, a sleep disorder, a delayed circadian eating rhythm, and/or a metabolic condition? Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2019; 14:351-358. [PMID: 31536375 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2019.1657006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Night Eating Syndrome (NES) refers to an abnormal eating behavior which presents as evening hyperphagia consuming >25% calorie intake and/or nocturnal awaking with food ingestion which occurs ≥2 times per week. Although the syndrome has been described more than seven decades ago, the literature has been growing slowly on its etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Areas covered: The proposed treatment options for NES are all at a case-study level. Moreover, our understanding of its etiology, comorbidities, and diagnosis is still premature. We performed a literature review in Medline/PubMed to identify all the studies proposing a management plan for NES and summarized all the existing data on its diagnosis and treatment. Expert opinion: To date, none of the proposed treatment options for NES have been promising and long-term data on its efficacy is lacking. The slow growth of evidence on this debilitating but underreported condition may be due to unawareness among clinicians, under-reporting by patients, and unrecognized diagnostic criteria. Objective screening of symptoms during office visits especially for patients at a high-risk for NES will identify more patients suffering from the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Shoar
- Clinical Research Scientist, ScientificWriting Corporation , Houston , TX , USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Naderan
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science , Tehran , Iran
| | - Habibollah Mahmoodzadeh
- Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Science , Tehran , Iran
| | - Nasrin Shoar
- Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Science , Kashan , Iran
| | - Djamshid Lotfi
- Clinical Research Scientist, ScientificWriting Corporation , Houston , TX , USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science , Tehran , Iran
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11
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Haraguchi A, Fukuzawa M, Iwami S, Nishimura Y, Motohashi H, Tahara Y, Shibata S. Night eating model shows time-specific depression-like behavior in the forced swimming test. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1081. [PMID: 29348553 PMCID: PMC5773531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19433-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock system is associated with feeding and mood. Patients with night eating syndrome (NES) delay their eating rhythm and their mood declines during the evening and night, manifesting as time-specific depression. Therefore, we hypothesized that the NES feeding pattern might cause time-specific depression. We established new NES model by restricted feeding with high-fat diet during the inactive period under normal-fat diet ad libitum. The FST (forced swimming test) immobility time in the NES model group was prolonged only after lights-on, corresponding to evening and early night for humans. We examined the effect of the NES feeding pattern on peripheral clocks using PER2::LUCIFERASE knock-in mice and an in vivo monitoring system. Caloric intake during the inactive period would shift the peripheral clock, and might be an important factor in causing the time-specific depression-like behavior. In the NES model group, synthesis of serotonin and norepinephrine were increased, but utilization and metabolism of these monoamines were decreased under stress. Desipramine shortened some mice’s FST immobility time in the NES model group. The present study suggests that the NES feeding pattern causes phase shift of peripheral clocks and malfunction of the monoamine system, which may contribute to the development of time-specific depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Haraguchi
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyabi Fukuzawa
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiho Iwami
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaro Nishimura
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Motohashi
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Tahara
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
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12
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McCuen-Wurst C, Ruggieri M, Allison KC. Disordered eating and obesity: associations between binge-eating disorder, night-eating syndrome, and weight-related comorbidities. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1411:96-105. [PMID: 29044551 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Binge-eating disorder (BED) and night-eating syndrome (NES) are two forms of disordered eating associated with overweight and obesity. While these disorders also occur in nonobese persons, they seem to be associated with weight gain over time and higher risk of diabetes and other metabolic dysfunction. BED and NES are also associated with higher risk of psychopathology, including mood, anxiety, and sleep problems, than those of similar weight status without disordered eating. Treatments are available, including cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), interpersonal psychotherapy, lisdexamfetamine, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for BED; and CBT, SSRIs, progressive muscle relaxation, and bright light therapy for NES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney McCuen-Wurst
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Madelyn Ruggieri
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelly C Allison
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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13
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Pinto TF, Silva FGCD, Bruin VMSD, Bruin PFCD. Night eating syndrome: How to treat it? Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2016; 62:701-707. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.62.07.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary Night eating syndrome (NES) is characterized by caloric intake ≥ 25% of total daily after dinner and/or by two or more weekly nocturnal awakenings accompanied by food ingestion. Causes of NES are not entirely clear and seem to involve a desynchronization between the circadian rhythms of food ingestion and sleep, resulting in a delayed pattern of food intake. Estimates of the prevalence of NES in the general population are around 1.5%, and although much higher frequencies have been described in obese individuals, a causal relationship between NES and obesity is not clearly established. Since the first NES reports, several treatment modalities have been proposed, although, in many cases, the evidence is still insufficient and there is no consensus on the ideal approach. In order to conduct a critical review of proposed treatments for NES since its original description, a systematic search of articles published in journals indexed in Medline/Pubmed database in the period 1955-2015 was performed. Seventeen articles addressing non-pharmacological and pharmacological therapies met the selection criteria. Based on the articles analyzed, we conclude that serotonergic agents and psychological interventions, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy, have been shown to be effective for the treatment of NES. A combination of non-pharmacological and pharmacological therapies must be considered in future studies on the treatment of these patients.
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14
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Abstract
Night eating syndrome (NES) represents a circadian delay in the pattern of eating. As there are genetic links for other eating- and circadian-based disorders, it is likely that there is a genetic basis for NES as well. We present a family case study of three identified patients and their extensive family history of NES and co-morbid mood disorders. This case report suggested that NES may have a heritable feature, particularly nocturnal ingestions. Of the seven identified cases, four had co-morbid mood disorders, and all descended from a couple with bipolar disorder and delusional disorder. More work is needed to understand the extent of genetic influence on NES, and the relationship between NES and other psychiatric disorders.
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15
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de Zwaan M, Marschollek M, Allison KC. The Night Eating Syndrome (NES) in Bariatric Surgery Patients. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2015; 23:426-34. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina de Zwaan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy; Hanover Medical School; Germany
| | - Michael Marschollek
- Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics; University of Braunschweig Institute of Technology and Hannover Medical School; Germany
| | - Kelly C. Allison
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; USA
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16
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Inoue Y. Sleep-related eating disorder and its associated conditions. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2015; 69:309-20. [PMID: 25495278 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sleep-related eating disorder (SRED) is a condition characterized by recurrent episodes of eating at the transition from night-time sleep to arousal. SRED patients describe eating in an out-of-control manner with preference for high-caloric foods and sometimes with inedible or toxic items. Level of consciousness during SRED episodes ranges from partial consciousness to dense unawareness typical of somnambulistic episodes. SRED is sometimes associated with psychotropic medication, in particular sedative hypnotics, and other sleep disorders, including parasomnias, narcolepsy, and restless legs syndrome. Night eating syndrome (NES) is another important condition in the disordered night-time eating spectrum showing hyperphagia episodes at full arousal from nocturnal sleep without accompanying amnesia. NES could be considered an abnormality in the circadian rhythm of meal timing with a normal circadian timing of sleep onset. The two conditions often overlap and possibly share a common pathophysiology. Studies have suggested that central nervous system serotonin modulation may lead to an effective treatment of NES, while the anti-seizure medication topiramate may be an effective SRED treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Inoue
- Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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New data on psychological traits and sleep profiles of patients affected by nocturnal eating. Sleep Med 2015; 16:746-53. [PMID: 25934540 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nocturnal eating behavior is shared by patients affected by a parasomnia, sleep-related eating disorder (SRED), and several eating disorders such as night eating syndrome (NES) and binge-eating disorder (BED); however, the differential clinical features of these patients have been poorly studied, with persisting difficulties in defining the borders between these pathologies. The aim of this study was to evaluate polysomnographic and personality characteristics of nocturnal eaters to further differentiate the syndromes. METHODS During a period of six months, consecutive patients complaining of nocturnal eating were asked to participate to the study. Twenty-four patients who were found to eat during the polysomnographic recording (PSG) study, and gender-matched control subjects were included. All subjects underwent a full-night video-PSG study and a psychometric assessment including the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-2), the self-rating Bulimic Investigatory Test-Edinburgh (BITE), the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), and the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS). RESULTS Nocturnal eaters showed a mild reduction in sleep efficiency and duration due to a moderate sleep fragmentation, whereas the percentage of each sleep stage was not significantly affected. Nocturnal eaters scored higher at many subscales of the EDI-2, at the BITE symptoms subscale, and at the BIS attentional impulsivity subscale. CONCLUSION The psychological characteristics found in our patients with NES seem to be typical for patients affected by eating disorders, and support the hypothesis that the nocturnal behavior of these individuals is due to an eating disorder; however, specific traits also allow differentiation of NES from BED.
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18
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Kucukgoncu S, Midura M, Tek C. Optimal management of night eating syndrome: challenges and solutions. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:751-60. [PMID: 25834450 PMCID: PMC4371896 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s70312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Night Eating Syndrome (NES) is a unique disorder characterized by a delayed pattern of food intake in which recurrent episodes of nocturnal eating and/or excessive food consumption occur after the evening meal. NES is a clinically important disorder due to its relationship to obesity, its association with other psychiatric disorders, and problems concerning sleep. However, NES often goes unrecognized by both health professionals and patients. The lack of knowledge regarding NES in clinical settings may lead to inadequate diagnoses and inappropriate treatment approaches. Therefore, the proper diagnosis of NES is the most important issue when identifying NES and providing treatment for this disorder. Clinical assessment tools such as the Night Eating Questionnaire may help health professionals working with populations vulnerable to NES. Although NES treatment studies are still in their infancy, antidepressant treatments and psychological therapies can be used for optimal management of patients with NES. Other treatment options such as melatonergic medications, light therapy, and the anticonvulsant topiramate also hold promise as future treatment options. The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of NES, including its diagnosis, comorbidities, and treatment approaches. Possible challenges addressing patients with NES and management options are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suat Kucukgoncu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Cenk Tek
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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19
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Abstract
Three mental health problems commonly associated with obesity are major depression, binge eating disorder (BED), and Night Eating Syndrome (NES). Evidence from both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies support independent relationships between obesity and depression, and between obesity and binge eating. These problems are most prevalent in severely obese individuals (Class III obesity; a body mass index (BMI) of >40kgm(2)), many of whom seek bariatric surgery, and we briefly review whether the presence of pre-operative depression, BED or NES affects post-operative outcomes. Historically depressed individuals have been screened out of weight loss trials due to concerns of worsening mood with weight loss. Such practices have precluded the development of effective treatments for depressed, obese individuals, leaving large numbers of people without appropriate care. We present recent advances in this area, and attempt to answer whether depressed individuals can lose clinically significant amounts of weight, show improvements in mood, and adhere to the demands of a weight loss intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy F Faulconbridge
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3535 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Colleen F Bechtel
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3535 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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20
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Abstract
The treatment of night eating syndrome, a disorder characterized by evening hyperphagia, morning anorexia, and insomnia, continues to gain attention with its inclusion in the DSM-V. Known treatments for NES include pharmacological, phototherapy, weight loss and dietary, and psychological interventions, which, together with the syndrome's clinical characteristics, support a treatment guiding biobehavioral model. The biobehavioral model proposes that a genetic predisposition, coupled with stress, enhances midbrain serotonin transporter (SERT) binding, which results in lower post-synaptic serotonin, dysregulating circadian rhythms and decreasing satiety. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors should therefore decrease SERT binding, increase postsynaptic serotonin, and restore circadian function and satiety regulation. Psychological interventions may be used to decrease stress as well as address insomnia and circadian rhythm disruptions. Dietary and behavioral interventions may produce beneficial changes in satiety as well as dysregulated eating. Avenues for future treatment outcome studies, including alternative pharmacological and combination therapies, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillon S Vander Wal
- Department of Psychology, Saint Louis University, 221 N. Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA.
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21
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Kucukgoncu S, Tek C, Bestepe E, Musket C, Guloksuz S. Clinical Features of Night Eating Syndrome among Depressed Patients. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2014; 22:102-8. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cenk Tek
- Department of Psychiatry; Yale University; New Haven CT USA
| | - Emrem Bestepe
- Erenkoy Research and Training Hospital; Istanbul Turkey
| | | | - Sinan Guloksuz
- Department of Psychiatry; Yale University; New Haven CT USA
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