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Sayed Ahmed HA, Abo El-Ela SG, Joudeh AI, Moawd SM, El Hayek S, Shah J, Eldahshan NA. Prevalence and Correlates of Night Eating Syndrome, Insomnia, and Psychological Distress in Primary Care Patients with Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study. Obes Facts 2024; 17:274-285. [PMID: 38484714 PMCID: PMC11149973 DOI: 10.1159/000538341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Management of obesity is challenging for both patients and healthcare workers. Considering the low success rate of current interventions, this study aimed to explore the prevalence and associated factors of night eating syndrome (NES), insomnia, and psychological distress among individuals with obesity in order to plan comprehensive obesity management interventions. METHODS A cross-sectional study on a convenient sample from five primary healthcare centers in Port Said, Egypt, was conducted from November 2020 to March 2021. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected in addition to the assessment of NES, insomnia, and psychological distress using the Arabic versions of the Night Eating Diagnostic Questionnaire (NEQ), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) scales, respectively. Associations of NES, insomnia, and psychological distress were assessed by multiple regression analysis. We performed Bonferroni adjustments for multiple comparisons. RESULTS We included 425 participants with obesity with a mean age of 45.52 ± 6.96 years. In all, 54.4% were females and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 35.20 ± 4.41 kg/m2. The prevalence rates of NES, insomnia, and psychological distress were 21.6% (95% CI: 17.7-25.6%), 15.3% (95% CI: 11.9-18.7%), and 18.8% (95% CI: 15.1-22.6%), respectively. NES was significantly associated with younger age (OR 0.974, p = 0.016), physical inactivity (OR 0.485, p = 0.010), insomnia (OR 2.227, p = 0.014), and psychological distress (OR 2.503, p = 0.002). Insomnia showed strong associations with NES (OR 2.255, p = 0.015) and psychological distress (OR 5.990, p < 0.001). Associated factors of psychological distress symptoms included insomnia (OR 6.098, p < 0.001) and NES (OR 2.463, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION The prevalence rates of NES, insomnia, and psychological distress were high among primary care patients with obesity, and these conditions were interrelated. Optimal obesity management necessitates individualized and targeted multidisciplinary care plans that take into consideration individual patients' mental, behavioral, and dietary habits needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem A Sayed Ahmed
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Sohila G Abo El-Ela
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Anwar I Joudeh
- Internal Medicine Department, Al-Khor Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, University of Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sally M Moawd
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Samer El Hayek
- Medical Department, Erada Center for Treatment and Rehabilitation in Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jaffer Shah
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nahed Amen Eldahshan
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Aleksic V, Gazibara T, Jeremic B, Gasic S, Dotlic J, Stevanovic J, Arsovic A, Milic M. Associations of night eating with depressive symptoms among health sciences students living in a postconflict region. Bull Menninger Clin 2024; 88:29-47. [PMID: 38527101 DOI: 10.1521/bumc.2024.88.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Populations affected by war may experience food insecurity, which could predispose them to eating disorders. A cross-sectional study was conducted among health sciences students in Northern Kosovo from November 2018 to March 2019. Data were collected using the sociodemographic Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The study sample comprised 534 students. The prevalence of students who had at least mild depression (BDI ≥ 10) was 20.6%. More frequent night eating was consistently associated with a higher EDI score in the total sample as well as in the subgroup of students whose EDI score was ≥ 10. In addition, having poorer sleep quality and having more anxiety symptoms were associated with having stronger depressive symptoms. In a population of health sciences students who live in a post-conflict region, night eating is associated with having stronger depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojkan Aleksic
- PhD student in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. Also teaches in the secondary school for nursing, Cuprija, Serbia, where Biljana Jeremic is a teacher
| | - Tatjana Gazibara
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Jeremic
- PhD student in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. Also teaches in the secondary school for nursing, Cuprija, Serbia, where Biljana Jeremic is a teacher
| | - Sanja Gasic
- The Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina, temporarily seated in Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | - Jelena Dotlic
- Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia, and in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Stevanovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina temporarily seated in Kosovska Mitrovica, Mitrovica, Serbia, and the Institute of Public Health of Serbia, "Dr Milan Jovanovic Batut," Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Arsovic
- The Military Medical Academy of the University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Milic
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina temporarily seated in Kosovska Mitrovica, Mitrovica, Serbia, and the Institute of Public Health of Serbia, "Dr Milan Jovanovic Batut," Belgrade, Serbia
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Mutti C, Malagutti G, Maraglino V, Misirocchi F, Zilioli A, Rausa F, Pizzarotti S, Spallazzi M, Rosenzweig I, Parrino L. Sleep Pathologies and Eating Disorders: A Crossroad for Neurology, Psychiatry and Nutrition. Nutrients 2023; 15:4488. [PMID: 37892563 PMCID: PMC10610508 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The intricate connection between eating behaviors and sleep habits is often overlooked in clinical practice, despite their profound interdependence. Sleep plays a key role in modulating psychological, hormonal and metabolic balance and exerting an influence on food choices. Conversely, various eating disorders may affect sleep continuity, sometimes promoting the development of sleep pathologies. Neurologists, nutritionists and psychiatrists tend to focus on these issues separately, resulting in a failure to recognize the full extent of the clinical conditions. This detrimental separation can lead to underestimation, misdiagnosis and inappropriate therapeutic interventions. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the tangled relationship between sleep, sleep pathologies and eating disorders, by incorporating the perspective of sleep experts, psychologists and psychiatrists. Our goal is to identify a practical crossroad integrating the expertise of all the involved specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Mutti
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of General and Specialized Medicine, University Hospital of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Malagutti
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of General and Specialized Medicine, University Hospital of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Maraglino
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of General and Specialized Medicine, University Hospital of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Misirocchi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy (A.Z.)
| | - Alessandro Zilioli
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy (A.Z.)
| | - Francesco Rausa
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of General and Specialized Medicine, University Hospital of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Pizzarotti
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of General and Specialized Medicine, University Hospital of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Spallazzi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy (A.Z.)
| | - Ivana Rosenzweig
- Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Liborio Parrino
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of General and Specialized Medicine, University Hospital of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy (A.Z.)
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Sakthivel SJ, Hay P, Touyz S, Currow D, Mannan H. Association of participants who screened positive for night eating syndrome with physical health, sleep problems, and weight status in an Australian adult population. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:77. [PMID: 37728682 PMCID: PMC10511613 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01603-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Night eating syndrome (NES) is a unique eating disorder characterised by evening hyperphagia and nocturnal ingestions which cause significant distress and/or impairment in functioning. Despite the growing literature, NES remains poorly understood and under diagnosed. As such, this study aims to compare the prevalence of physical health conditions in participants with NES when compared to participants without an eating disorder (ED) and participants with other eating disorders (including anorexia nervosa (AN), binge eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa (BN)) in a general population Australian sample of adults. METHODS The data for this study were obtained from the 2017 Health Omnibus Survey (HOS) a multi-stage, cross-sectional survey, conducted by Harrison Research in South Australia. This current study focused on 2547 participants over 18 years of age and specific questions from this population survey including those related to participant demographics and health. RESULTS This study identified that participants who screened positive for night eating syndrome (spNES) when compared to participants with other eating disorders (ED) or no ED diagnosis, were significantly more likely to have an increased age, be female, have lower levels of education and have lower household income. Additionally, the spNES group was significantly associated with sleep apnoea (p = 0.031), insomnia or other sleep problems (p < 0.0001), increased BMI (p < 0.0001), increased levels of pain/discomfort and lower physical health-related quality of life. Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes were not significantly associated with the spNES group or the "other ED" group which included participants with AN, BED, BN. CONCLUSIONS Several physical health problems were found to be significantly associated with the spNES group including sleep problems, increased BMI, increased levels of pain and lower self-reported physical health-related quality of life. Consequently, future research exploring the complex interaction between NES and these medical conditions may provide further insight into the diagnosis, screening tools and management of NES. Additionally, this study highlights the need for future studies which use larger population-based samples. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III. Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Janani Sakthivel
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Phillipa Hay
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
- Mental Health Services, SWSLHD, Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen Touyz
- Inside Out Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Currow
- University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- ImPACCT, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Repatriation General Hospital, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Haider Mannan
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.
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Sakthivel SJ, Hay P, Mannan H. A Scoping Review on the Association between Night Eating Syndrome and Physical Health, Health-Related Quality of Life, Sleep and Weight Status in Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:2791. [PMID: 37375694 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Night eating syndrome (NES) is characterised by recurrent episodes of night eating, evident through excessive food consumption after the evening meal or eating after awakening from sleep, often associated with significant distress and/or impairment in functioning. This scoping review was conducted according to PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. The search was conducted through the use of PubMed, Medline (OVID) and SCOPUS, to identify relevant articles published within the last 10 years. Search terms including "Night eating*" OR "NES" and Boolean phrases were used to refine the search. Additionally, the age of participants was restricted to 18 years and above, to ensure only adult participants were included. The abstracts of the remaining articles were used to screen for those that were relevant. From a total of 663 citations, 30 studies assessing night eating syndrome met the inclusion criteria to be included in the review. We found inconsistent associations of NES with higher body mass index (BMI), less physical activity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and poorer quality of sleep. These inconsistencies may have been due to the use of different measurement methods, lack of power from small sample sizes of NES in some studies and varying ages of participants, with associations being more likely to be found in higher-quality, representative populations than in university student samples. There were no associations of NES with T2DM in clinical populations and with hypertension, OSA and metabolic syndrome, but sample sizes were small. The impacts of NES on these medical conditions should be addressed in future, using well-sized and long-term studies involving representative populations of adults. In conclusion, NES likely has negative impacts on BMI, T2DM, physical activity, and sleep quality, which in turn may increase cardio-metabolic risk. However, further research is needed to elucidate the interaction between NES and its associated features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Janani Sakthivel
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Phillipa Hay
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- Mental Health Services SWSLHD, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Haider Mannan
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
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Examining the relationship between obstructive sleep apnoea and eating behaviours and attitudes: A systematic review. Appetite 2023; 181:106390. [PMID: 36423746 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Between 60 and 90% of adults with OSA are reported as overweight. The co-existence of obesity and OSA can greatly increase an individual's risk of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. To better understand this relationship between OSA and weight, this review aimed to investigate if there is evidence of certain eating behaviours or eating attitudes that might be found in adults living with OSA. METHODS We searched four databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo and Web of Science) on January 17th, 2022, to identify studies assessing the association between eating patterns and OSA in adults. Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. A narrative synthesis was conducted on the included studies, following the vote-counting method. RESULTS There is preliminary evidence that the time of day when calories are consumed is associated with lower OSA severity. No other clear patterns of eating behaviours or attitudes were identified however this may be due to disparity within research studies and their reported results. CONCLUSION Further research is needed to examine the relationship between eating times and OSA severity. We recommend standardising the approach to examining the eating patterns of those living with OSA and the relationship that this might have on OSA symptoms as well as looking at attitudes towards food in this population. This may prove helpful in providing a better understanding of the relationship between OSA and persons with overweight and help in future intervention development.
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Matsui K, Komada Y, Okajima I, Takaesu Y, Kuriyama K, Inoue Y. A Cross-Sectional Study of Evening Hyperphagia and Nocturnal Ingestion: Core Constituents of Night Eating Syndrome with Different Background Factors. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114179. [PMID: 34836434 PMCID: PMC8618342 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This web-based cross-sectional survey aimed to elucidate the differences between the two core symptoms of night eating syndrome (NES): evening hyperphagia and nocturnal ingestion in the general Japanese population aged 16–79 years. Participants who consumed at least 25% of daily calories after dinner were defined as having evening hyperphagia. Those who consumed food after sleep initiation at least twice a week were determined to have nocturnal ingestion. Of the 8348 participants, 119 (1.5%) were categorized in the evening hyperphagia group, 208 (2.6%) in the nocturnal ingestion group, and 8024 in the non-NES group. Participants with evening hyperphagia and nocturnal ingestion had significantly higher anxiety scores (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively) and depression (p < 0.001 for both) than those without NES. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that evening hyperphagia was significantly and independently associated with higher body mass index, shorter sleep duration, later sleep-wake schedule, and higher insomnia score, while nocturnal ingestion was significantly and independently associated with younger age, smoking habit, living alone, earlier sleep-wake schedule, and higher insomnia score. Sleep duration and sleep-wake schedule characteristics in the two groups were opposite, suggesting differences in the sleep pathophysiology mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Matsui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 1878551, Japan;
- Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 1878553, Japan;
- Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Tokyo 1510053, Japan
| | - Yoko Komada
- Liberal Arts, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 2048588, Japan;
| | - Isa Okajima
- Department of Psychological Counseling, Faculty of Humanities, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo 1738602, Japan;
| | - Yoshikazu Takaesu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 9030215, Japan;
| | - Kenichi Kuriyama
- Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 1878553, Japan;
| | - Yuichi Inoue
- Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Tokyo 1510053, Japan
- Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 1608402, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-6300-5401
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Guo F, Tian Y, Cui Y, Huang C. Night-Eating Syndrome and Depressive Symptoms in College Freshmen: Fitness Improvement Tactics in Youths (FITYou) Project. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2020; 13:185-191. [PMID: 32158287 PMCID: PMC7047990 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s234025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence has shown that night-eating syndrome is correlated to depressive symptoms. However, these studies were mainly small-scale investigations. Purpose This study aimed to examine the association of night-eating syndrome with depressive symptoms among college students using a large-scale sample. Methods A cross-sectional study, which was a part of the Fitness Improvement Tactics in Youth Project, was conducted in 2017. The current study included 3278 college freshmen from Shenyang, China. They completed self-administered questionnaires and provided their sociodemographic and lifestyle information. Night-eating syndrome was assessed using the night-eating questionnaire (NEQ). Depressive symptoms were measured using the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). Results Of participants, 5.4% had night-eating syndrome (NEQ score ≥30), and 21.3% had depressive symptoms (SDS score ≥53). Prevalence of night-eating syndrome was higher in male than female students (p = 0.006). Logistic regression analysis indicated that students with night-eating syndrome had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms than those without the syndrome after adjusting covariates (odds ratios [95% CI]: 3.28 [2.40, 4.48], p < 0.001). Consistent results were found when night-eating syndrome was defined as NEQ score ≥25. In addition, analysis of covariance showed a significant association between NEQ quartiles and SDS score (mean [95% CI]: Q1, 44.4 [43.8, 45.0]; Q2, 43.4 [42.7, 44.0]; Q3, 44.4 [43.7, 45.1]; Q4, 47.5 [46.9, 48.2], p < 0.001 for linear and quadratic trend). Conclusion This study showed an association between night-eating syndrome and depressive symptoms among Chinese college freshmen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- Institute of Exercise Epidemiology and Department of Physical Education, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Tian
- College of Sports Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Cui
- Institute of Exercise Epidemiology and Department of Physical Education, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Huang
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Shoar S, Naderan M, Mahmoodzadeh H, Shoar N, Lotfi D. Night eating syndrome: a psychiatric disease, a sleep disorder, a delayed circadian eating rhythm, and/or a metabolic condition? Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2019; 14:351-358. [PMID: 31536375 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2019.1657006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Night Eating Syndrome (NES) refers to an abnormal eating behavior which presents as evening hyperphagia consuming >25% calorie intake and/or nocturnal awaking with food ingestion which occurs ≥2 times per week. Although the syndrome has been described more than seven decades ago, the literature has been growing slowly on its etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Areas covered: The proposed treatment options for NES are all at a case-study level. Moreover, our understanding of its etiology, comorbidities, and diagnosis is still premature. We performed a literature review in Medline/PubMed to identify all the studies proposing a management plan for NES and summarized all the existing data on its diagnosis and treatment. Expert opinion: To date, none of the proposed treatment options for NES have been promising and long-term data on its efficacy is lacking. The slow growth of evidence on this debilitating but underreported condition may be due to unawareness among clinicians, under-reporting by patients, and unrecognized diagnostic criteria. Objective screening of symptoms during office visits especially for patients at a high-risk for NES will identify more patients suffering from the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Shoar
- Clinical Research Scientist, ScientificWriting Corporation , Houston , TX , USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Naderan
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science , Tehran , Iran
| | - Habibollah Mahmoodzadeh
- Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Science , Tehran , Iran
| | - Nasrin Shoar
- Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Science , Kashan , Iran
| | - Djamshid Lotfi
- Clinical Research Scientist, ScientificWriting Corporation , Houston , TX , USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science , Tehran , Iran
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW To review literature on night eating syndrome (NES) and body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) published in the last 5 years. RECENT FINDINGS Since December, 2013, 11 studies examined the association between NES and BMI. Five of these studies reported a positive relationship, five showed no relationship, and one produced mixed findings. Emotional eating and age were moderators. Twelve studies examined whether there was a difference in BMI between those with and without NES with only five of these finding differences. A primary weakness of the recent literature base is that it is almost entirely cross-sectional. Recent findings regarding the relationship between NES and BMI are mixed. Future research should examine the relationship between these variables longitudinally and continue to examine moderating variables that explain why some individuals manifest excess weight with NES and others do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija B Bruzas
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly C Allison
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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11
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Night eating syndrome and its association with weight status, physical activity, eating habits, smoking status, and sleep patterns among college students. Eat Weight Disord 2017; 22:421-433. [PMID: 28573425 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-017-0403-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Night eating syndrome (NES) is characterized by evening hyperphagia and/or nocturnal ingestion. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study was to assess the percentage of students complying with symptoms and behaviors consistent with the diagnostic criteria for NES, and explore its association with body mass index (BMI), dietary habits, physical activity, smoking status, and sleep patterns, among a sample of college students. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a sample of 413 undergraduate students, mean age of 20.6 ± 1.68 SD, at Central Michigan University. Students completed an online survey including demographic information and the Night Eating Diagnostic Questionnaire (NEDQ) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Questionnaire (PSQI). Participants were grouped based on self-reporting of the presence and frequency of night eating-related symptoms and behaviors related to the diagnostic criteria for NES as follows: normal, mild night eater, moderate night eater, and full-syndrome night eater. Pearson's Chi-squared, Student's t test, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used to test the association between students with and without any night eating behavior in relation to BMI, lifestyle variables, and sleep duration/quality. RESULTS Results showed that the proportion of students complying with symptoms and behaviors consistent with full-syndrome of NES was 1.2%. There were no significant differences between students complying with symptoms and behaviors consistent with any level of NES and those without any night eating behavior regarding BMI, eating habits, physical activity, and smoking status. NES was significantly related to sleep duration (P = 0.023). Students complying with symptoms consistent with any level of NES reported shorter sleep time and had higher total PSQI score (6.73 ± 4.06) than students without the syndrome (5.61 ± 2.61) (P = 0.007). CONCLUSION Although the percentage of students complying with full-syndrome NES was relatively low in our student sample, those students had shorter sleep time and poorer sleep quality than the other groups. However, it is unclear whether evening hyperphagia is a response to a lack of sleep or vice versa, and further research is needed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, case-control analytic study.
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