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Hamurcu P, Barlak S. Impact of a 6-week dietary and lifestyle modification intervention on food cravings and eating behaviors in women. NUTR HOSP 2024. [PMID: 38967291 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION the multifaceted nature of food craving mirrors the complexity underlying the development of eating disorders. OBJECTIVES the study aimed to investigate the impact of a 6-week dietary and lifestyle intervention on food cravings, eating behaviors, and changes in physical and biochemical measures among women. METHODS this study constitutes a behavior modification investigation involving a cohort of 35 female participants who sought consultation at a private nutrition counseling facility. At first, anthropometric and biochemical data were recorded; Information Form, Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait Scale (FCQ-T), Three-Factor Eating Scale (TFEQ-R21) were applied and 3-Day Food Consumption Records were taken. After 6 weeks of dietitian follow-up, the data collection tools were repeated and the individuals were compared with the baseline. RESULTS after 6-week follow-up, according to the examination of the food consumption records, differences in daily energy, fat, monounsaturated fatty acid, fibre, vitamin E, potassium, magnesium, iron intake levels were found significant (p < 0.05). Differences in body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist/height ratio, fat mass, fat ratio and fasting glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, AST, TSH, free T3, free T4 levels were found significant (p < 0.05). According to the FCQ-T evaluation; differences in total and nine sub-dimension scores of the scale were found significant (p < 0.001). According to the TFEQ-R21 evaluation; differences in cognitive restraint, emotional eating and uncontrolled eating scores were found significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS a successful 6-week dietary and lifestyle intervention with improvement in anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters is effective in reducing food cravings and regulating eating behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Hamurcu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetic. Faculty of Health Sciences. Istanbul Beykent University
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2
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Palamenghi L, Usta D, Leone S, Graffigna G. Food-Related Behavioral Patterns in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: The Role of Food Involvement and Health Engagement. Nutrients 2024; 16:1185. [PMID: 38674876 PMCID: PMC11054402 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutrition has been acknowledged as crucial in IBD and is relevant to patients' motives behind food choices, which are affected by health engagement (HE) and food involvement (FI). This study aimed to profile IBD patients according to their levels of health engagement and food involvement to identify patterns of different motives behind food choices, particularly regarding the use of food to regulate mood. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 890 Italian IBD patients who completed an online survey in April 2021. We measured health engagement, food involvement, motives behind food choices, emotional states, and food-related quality of life (Fr-QoL). K-means cluster analysis was performed to identify participants with similar levels of health engagement and food involvement. Four clusters were identified: "Health-conscious (high HE, low FI)", "Balanced (high HE, high FI)", "Hedonist (high FI, low HE)", and "Careless (low FI, low HE)". Clusters with high FI are inclined toward seeking pleasurable food, but when supported with high health engagement, individuals were less prone to use food to manage mood. Groups with higher health engagement demonstrated lower hospitalization rates and relapses and better Fr-QoL. Profiling IBD patients regarding FI and HE could aid clinicians in identifying individuals at greater risk of maladaptive food-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Palamenghi
- EngageMinds HUB—Consumer, Food & Health Engagement Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 26100 Cremona, Italy; (L.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Dilara Usta
- EngageMinds HUB—Consumer, Food & Health Engagement Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 26100 Cremona, Italy; (L.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Salvo Leone
- National Association for Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (AMICI ETS), 20125 Milan, Italy;
| | - Guendalina Graffigna
- EngageMinds HUB—Consumer, Food & Health Engagement Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 26100 Cremona, Italy; (L.P.); (G.G.)
- Faculty of Psychology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 20123 Milan, Italy
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3
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Aulbach MB, van Alebeek H, Kahveci S, Blechert J. Testing the effectiveness of a mobile approach avoidance intervention and measuring approach biases in an ecological momentary assessment context: study protocol for a randomised-controlled trial. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e070443. [PMID: 37185192 PMCID: PMC10151942 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Unhealthy eating behaviour is a major contributor to obesity and related diseases and is associated with a behavioural bias to approach rather than avoid desired foods, as measured with reaction time tasks. Approach-avoidance interventions (AAIs) have been proposed as a way to modify food evaluations and help people to eat in accordance with their dietary goals. Mobile implementations of AAI might be easily accessible, low threshold interventions, but their effectiveness has not been established yet. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Participants who aim to change their eating behaviour are randomised to intervention or control groups. They complete six sessions of a smartphone-based AAI, in which they push (ie, avoid) or pull (ie, approach) personalised food images. Intervention group participants always avoid foods that they personally want to eat less often and approach foods that they personally want to eat more often. In the control group, images are paired equally often with both response directions. To evaluate contextual and dynamic intervention effects, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is measured throughout, with questions about food intake, hunger, stress, emotions, eating intentions, food craving and impulsivity twice a day. Additional EMA preintervention and postintervention measures are administered before and after the intervention phase (4 days each) with a 1-day follow-up EMA 4 weeks after the intervention. Multilevel models will examine the temporal covariance between approach bias and self-reported variables as well as short-term and long-term intervention effects on approach bias, food intake and craving. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Salzburg. Results will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals and presented at scientific conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER German Clinical Trials Register DRKS, registration number DRKS00030780.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Burkard Aulbach
- Department of Psychology, Paris Lodron Universitat Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hannah van Alebeek
- Department of Psychology, Paris Lodron Universitat Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sercan Kahveci
- Department of Psychology, Paris Lodron Universitat Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jens Blechert
- Department of Psychology, Paris Lodron Universitat Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
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König LM, Van Emmenis M, Nurmi J, Kassavou A, Sutton S. Characteristics of smartphone-based dietary assessment tools: a systematic review. Health Psychol Rev 2022; 16:526-550. [PMID: 34875978 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2021.2016066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Smartphones have become popular in assessing eating behaviour in real-life and real-time. This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of smartphone-based dietary assessment tools, focusing on how dietary data is assessed and its completeness ensured. Seven databases from behavioural, social and computer science were searched in March 2020. All observational, experimental or intervention studies and study protocols using a smartphone-based assessment tool for dietary intake were included if they reported data collected by adults and were published in English. Out of 21,722 records initially screened, 117 publications using 129 tools were included. Five core assessment features were identified: photo-based assessment (48.8% of tools), assessed serving/ portion sizes (48.8%), free-text descriptions of food intake (42.6%), food databases (30.2%), and classification systems (27.9%). On average, a tool used two features. The majority of studies did not implement any features to improve completeness of the records. This review provides a comprehensive overview and framework of smartphone-based dietary assessment tools to help researchers identify suitable assessment tools for their studies. Future research needs to address the potential impact of specific dietary assessment methods on data quality and participants' willingness to record their behaviour to ultimately improve the quality of smartphone-based dietary assessment for health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M König
- Faculty of Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Bayreuth, Kulmbach, Germany.,Behavioural Science Group, Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Miranda Van Emmenis
- Behavioural Science Group, Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Johanna Nurmi
- Behavioural Science Group, Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aikaterini Kassavou
- Behavioural Science Group, Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen Sutton
- Behavioural Science Group, Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Luo X, Hu Y. The competitive interaction between food cravings and unhealthy snacking: an application of the predator-prey model in psychology. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03848-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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6
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Battaglia B, Lee L, Jia SS, Partridge SR, Allman-Farinelli M. The Use of Mobile-Based Ecological Momentary Assessment (mEMA) Methodology to Assess Dietary Intake, Food Consumption Behaviours and Context in Young People: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10071329. [PMID: 35885855 PMCID: PMC9321045 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobile-based ecological momentary assessment (mEMA) offers a novel method for dietary assessment and may reduce recall bias and participant burden. This review evaluated mEMA methodology and the feasibility, acceptability and validity as a dietary assessment method in young people. Five databases were searched from January 2008 to September 2021 for studies including healthy young people aged 16–30 years and used mEMA for obtaining dietary intake data, food consumption behaviours and/or contextual factors. Data on the method used to administer mEMA, compliance with recording and validation were extracted. A total of 46 articles from 39 independent studies were included, demonstrating a wide variation in mEMA methods. Signal-contingent prompting (timed notification to record throughout the day) was used in 26 studies, 9 used event-contingent (food consumption triggered recordings), while 4 used both. Monitoring periods varied and most studies reported a compliance rate of 80% or more. Two studies found mEMA to be burdensome and six reported mEMA as easy to use. Most studies (31/39) reported using previously validated questions. mEMA appears to be a feasible and acceptable methodology to assess dietary intake and food consumption in near real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Battaglia
- Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney Nursing School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (B.B.); (L.L.); (M.A.-F.)
| | - Lydia Lee
- Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney Nursing School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (B.B.); (L.L.); (M.A.-F.)
| | - Si Si Jia
- Engagement and Co-Design Research Hub, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Stephanie Ruth Partridge
- Engagement and Co-Design Research Hub, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Margaret Allman-Farinelli
- Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney Nursing School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (B.B.); (L.L.); (M.A.-F.)
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Barchitta M, Maugeri A, Favara G, Magnano San Lio R, Riela PM, Guarnera L, Battiato S, Agodi A. Development of a Web-App for the Ecological Momentary Assessment of Dietary Habits among College Students: The HEALTHY-UNICT Project. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020330. [PMID: 35057511 PMCID: PMC8779738 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition from adolescence to adulthood is a critical period for the development of healthy behaviors. Yet, it is often characterized by unhealthy food choices. Considering the current pandemic scenario, it is also essential to assess the effects of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) on lifestyles and diet, especially among young people. However, the assessment of dietary habits and their determinants is a complex issue that requires innovative approaches and tools, such as those based on the ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Here, we describe the first phases of the “HEALTHY-UNICT” project, which aimed to develop and validate a web-app for the EMA of dietary data among students from the University of Catania, Italy. The pilot study included 138 students (mean age 24 years, SD = 4.2; 75.4% women), who used the web-app for a week before filling out a food frequency questionnaire with validation purposes. Dietary data obtained through the two tools showed moderate correlations, with the lowest value for butter and margarine and the highest for pizza (Spearman’s correlation coefficients of 0.202 and 0.699, respectively). According to the cross-classification analysis, the percentage of students classified into the same quartile ranged from 36.9% for vegetable oil to 58.1% for pizza. In line with these findings, the weighted-kappa values ranged from 0.15 for vegetable oil to 0.67 for pizza, and most food categories showed values above 0.4. This web-app showed good usability among students, assessed through a 19-item usability scale. Moreover, the web-app also had the potential to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on students’ behaviors and emotions, showing a moderate impact on sedentary activities, level of stress, and depression. These findings, although interesting, might be confirmed by the next phases of the HEALTHY-UNICT project, which aims to characterize lifestyles, dietary habits, and their relationship with anthropometric measures and emotions in a larger sample of students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Barchitta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.M.); (G.F.); (R.M.S.L.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Maugeri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.M.); (G.F.); (R.M.S.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Giuliana Favara
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.M.); (G.F.); (R.M.S.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Roberta Magnano San Lio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.M.); (G.F.); (R.M.S.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Paolo Marco Riela
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (P.M.R.); (L.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Luca Guarnera
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (P.M.R.); (L.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Sebastiano Battiato
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (P.M.R.); (L.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Antonella Agodi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.M.); (G.F.); (R.M.S.L.); (A.A.)
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van Alebeek H, Kahveci S, Blechert J. Improving the touchscreen-based food approach-avoidance task: remediated block-order effects and initial findings regarding validity. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2021; 1:15. [PMID: 37645212 PMCID: PMC10445824 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.13241.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Approach biases to foods may explain why food consumption often diverges from deliberate dietary intentions. Yet, the assessment of behavioural biases with the approach-avoidance tasks (AAT) is often unreliable and validity is partially unclear. The present study continues a series of studies that develop a task based on naturalistic approach and avoidance movements on a touchscreen (hand-AAT). In the hand-AAT, participants are instructed to respond based on the food/non-food distinction, thereby ensuring attention to the stimuli. Yet, this implies the use of instruction switches (i.e., 'approach food - avoid objects' to 'avoid food - approach objects'), which introduce order effects. The present study increased the number of instruction switches to potentially minimize order effects, and re-examined reliability. We additionally included the implicit association task (IAT) and several self-reported eating behaviours to investigate the task's validity. Results replicated the presence of reliable approach biases to foods irrespective of instruction order. Evidence for validity, however, was mixed: biases correlated positively with external eating, increase in food craving and aggregated image valence ratings but not with desire to eat ratings of the individual images considered within participants or the IAT. We conclude that the hand-AAT can reliably assess approach biases to foods that are relevant to self-reported eating patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah van Alebeek
- Department of Psychology, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sercan Kahveci
- Department of Psychology, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jens Blechert
- Department of Psychology, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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9
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Wittekind CE, Blechert J, Schiebel T, Lender A, Kahveci S, Kühn S. Comparison of different response devices to assess behavioral tendencies towards chocolate in the approach-avoidance task. Appetite 2021; 165:105294. [PMID: 33991643 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral tendencies in the Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT) have mostly been assessed using a joystick as a response device. In recent years, other hardware devices such as tablets, smartphones, and computer mice have also been used. However, it remains unclear whether different response devices yield similar results and show comparable psychometric properties. The aim of the present study was to assess approach biases towards chocolate with different response devices and to compare their reliability and validity. Forty-five individuals with regular chocolate consumption completed three different AATs (joystick, computer mouse, touchscreen), each comprised of two blocks. In the compatible block of trials, chocolate-related pictures had to be pulled near while object-related pictures had to be pushed away. In the incompatible block of trials, instructions were reversed. Preregistered analyses revealed that participants were faster to pull than to push chocolate-related pictures relative to object-related pictures, indicating an approach bias for chocolate with no significant differences between response devices. Correlations among the three response devices were low to medium. Exploratory analyses revealed that approach biases were moderated by block order such that biases were only present and associated with craving (joystick AAT only) when the incongruent block was completed first. Internal consistencies of the bias score ranged between rSB = 0.67-0.76. Results of the present study point to the existence of an approach bias to chocolate regardless of response device, albeit each task seems to measure a different aspect of it. Order effects point to specific temporal dynamics in the acquisition of stimulus response (e.g., chocolate-pull) mappings that require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Wittekind
- Department of Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Jens Blechert
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Austria; Department for Psychology, University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tanja Schiebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anja Lender
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Austria; Department for Psychology, University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sercan Kahveci
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Austria; Department for Psychology, University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Simone Kühn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
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Gallucci A, Del Mauro L, Pisoni A, Lauro LJR, Mattavelli G. A Systematic Review Of Implicit Attitudes And Their Neural Correlates In Eating Behaviour. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 18:nsaa156. [PMID: 33219691 PMCID: PMC10074774 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies suggests that implicit attitudes toward food and body shape predict eating behaviour and characterize patients with eating disorders (EDs). However, literature has not been previously analysed, thus differences between patients with EDs and healthy controls and the level of automaticity of the processes involved in implicit attitudes are still matters of debate. The present systematic review aimed to synthetize current evidence from papers investigating implicit attitudes towards food and body in healthy and EDs populations. PubMed, EMBASE (Ovid), PsycINFO, Web of Science and Scopus were systematically screened and 183 studies using different indirect paradigms were included in the qualitative analysis. The majority of studies reported negative attitudes towards overweight/obese body images in healthy and EDs samples and weight bias as a diffuse stereotypical evaluation. Implicit food attitudes are consistently reported as valid predictors of eating behaviour. Few studies on the neurobiological correlates showed neurostimulation effects on implicit attitudes, but the automaticity at brain level of implicit evaluations remains an open area of research. In conclusion, implicit attitudes are relevant measures of eating behaviour in healthy and clinical settings, although evidence about their neural correlates is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Gallucci
- Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore, 48--20900, Monza, Italy
- NeuroMi (Neuroscience Center), University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1--20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Lilia Del Mauro
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1--20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Pisoni
- NeuroMi (Neuroscience Center), University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1--20126, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1--20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonor J Romero Lauro
- NeuroMi (Neuroscience Center), University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1--20126, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1--20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Mattavelli
- NETS, School of Advanced Studies, IUSS, Piazza della Vittoria n.15, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dieting is often blamed for causing food cravings. Such diet-induced cravings may be mediated by physiological (e.g., nutritional deprivation) or psychological (e.g., ironic effects of food thought suppression) mechanisms. However, this notion is often based on cross-sectional findings and, thus, the causal role of food deprivation on food cravings is unclear. RECENT FINDINGS Experimental studies suggest that a short-term, selective food deprivation seems to indeed increase cravings for the avoided foods. However, experimental studies also show that food craving can be understood as a conditioned response that, therefore, can also be unlearned. This is supported by intervention studies which indicate that long-term energy restriction results in a reduction of food cravings in overweight adults. Dieting's bad reputation for increasing food cravings is only partially true as the relationship between food restriction and craving is more complex. While short-term, selective food deprivation may indeed increase food cravings, long-term energy restriction seems to decrease food cravings, suggesting that food deprivation can also facilitate extinction of conditioned food craving responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Meule
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Schoen Clinic Roseneck, Am Roseneck 6, 83209, Prien am Chiemsee, Germany.
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12
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Maugeri A, Barchitta M. A Systematic Review of Ecological Momentary Assessment of Diet: Implications and Perspectives for Nutritional Epidemiology. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112696. [PMID: 31703374 PMCID: PMC6893429 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of eating behaviors represents an innovative, detailed and valid approach to capture the complexity of food intake and to overcome limitations of traditional dietary assessment methods. Moreover, EMA studies might generate a large variety of data (e.g., dietary, behavioral, physical, sociopsychological, and contextual information), thereby enabling to examine concurrent exposures and events. Due to the increasing number of studies in this field of research, here we systematically reviewed EMA methods for the assessment of dietary intake in epidemiological studies, and discussed implications and perspectives for future research. Our study summarized several protocols and platforms that may be applied to assess diet in terms of eating frequency, choices, and habits. Nearly 38% of studies used an event-contingent strategy by asking participants to report foods and beverages consumed in real-time at each eating occasion. Instead, approximately 55% of studies used a signal-contingent prompting approach that notified the participants to record their dietary consumption. The remaining studies used a combination of event- and signal-contingent protocols to compare their accuracy or to improve the assessment of dietary data. Although both approaches might improve the accuracy and ecological validity of dietary assessment—also reducing the burden for participants—some limitations should nevertheless be considered. Despite these limitations, our systematic review pointed out that EMA can be applied in various fields of nutritional epidemiology, from the identification of determinants of dietary habits in healthy people to the management of patients with eating or metabolic disorders. However, more efforts should be encouraged to improve the validity and the reliability of EMA and to provide further technological innovations for public health research and interventions.
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