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Wang S, He Q, Qu Y, Yin W, Zhao R, Wang X, Yang Y, Guo ZN. Emerging strategies for nerve repair and regeneration in ischemic stroke: neural stem cell therapy. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2430-2443. [PMID: 38526280 PMCID: PMC11090435 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide, with limited treatment options available in clinical practice. The emergence of stem cell therapy has provided new hope to the field of stroke treatment via the restoration of brain neuron function. Exogenous neural stem cells are beneficial not only in cell replacement but also through the bystander effect. Neural stem cells regulate multiple physiological responses, including nerve repair, endogenous regeneration, immune function, and blood-brain barrier permeability, through the secretion of bioactive substances, including extracellular vesicles/exosomes. However, due to the complex microenvironment of ischemic cerebrovascular events and the low survival rate of neural stem cells following transplantation, limitations in the treatment effect remain unresolved. In this paper, we provide a detailed summary of the potential mechanisms of neural stem cell therapy for the treatment of ischemic stroke, review current neural stem cell therapeutic strategies and clinical trial results, and summarize the latest advancements in neural stem cell engineering to improve the survival rate of neural stem cells. We hope that this review could help provide insight into the therapeutic potential of neural stem cells and guide future scientific endeavors on neural stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siji Wang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qianyan He
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yang Qu
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wenjing Yin
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhao
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xuyutian Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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2
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Le Franc A, Da Silva A, Lepetre-Mouelhi S. Nanomedicine and voltage-gated sodium channel blockers in pain management: a game changer or a lost cause? Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:2112-2145. [PMID: 38861139 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01615-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Pain, a complex and debilitating condition affecting millions globally, is a significant concern, especially in the context of post-operative recovery. This comprehensive review explores the complexity of pain and its global impact, emphasizing the modulation of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC or NaV channels) as a promising avenue for pain management with the aim of reducing reliance on opioids. The article delves into the role of specific NaV isoforms, particularly NaV 1.7, NaV 1.8, and NaV 1.9, in pain process and discusses the development of sodium channel blockers to target these isoforms precisely. Traditional local anesthetics and selective NaV isoform inhibitors, despite showing varying efficacy in pain management, face challenges in systemic distribution and potential side effects. The review highlights the potential of nanomedicine in improving the delivery of local anesthetics, toxins and selective NaV isoform inhibitors for a targeted and sustained release at the site of pain. This innovative strategy seeks to improve drug bioavailability, minimize systemic exposure, and optimize therapeutic outcomes, holding significant promise for secure pain management and enhancing the quality of life for individuals recovering from surgical procedures or suffering from chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adélaïde Le Franc
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Alexandre Da Silva
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
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3
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Zhang X, Taylor H, Valdivia A, Dasari R, Buckley A, Bonacquisti E, Nguyen J, Kanchi K, Corcoran DL, Herring LE, Steindler DA, Baldwin A, Hingtgen S, Satterlee AB. Auto-loaded TRAIL-exosomes derived from induced neural stem cells for brain cancer therapy. J Control Release 2024; 372:433-445. [PMID: 38908756 PMCID: PMC11283351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Transdifferentiation (TD), a somatic cell reprogramming process that eliminates pluripotent intermediates, creates cells that are ideal for personalized anti-cancer therapy. Here, we provide the first evidence that extracellular vesicles (EVs) from TD-derived induced neural stem cells (Exo-iNSCs) are an efficacious treatment strategy for brain cancer. We found that genetically engineered iNSCs generated EVs loaded with the tumoricidal gene product TRAIL at nearly twice the rate of their parental fibroblasts, and TRAIL produced by iNSCs was naturally loaded into the lumen of EVs and arrayed across their outer membrane (Exo-iNSC-TRAIL). Uptake studies in ex vivo organotypic brain slice cultures showed that Exo-iNSC-TRAIL selectively accumulates within tumor foci, and co-culture assays demonstrated that Exo-iNSC-TRAIL killed metastatic and primary brain cancer cells more effectively than free TRAIL. In an orthotopic mouse model of brain cancer, Exo-iNSC-TRAIL reduced breast-to-brain tumor xenografts by approximately 3000-fold compared to treatment with free TRAIL, with all Exo-iNSC-TRAIL treated animals surviving through 90 days post-treatment. In additional in vivo testing against aggressive U87 and invasive GBM8 glioblastoma tumors, Exo-iNSC-TRAIL also induced a statistically significant increase in survival. These studies establish a novel, easily generated, stable, tumor-targeted EV to efficaciously treat multiple forms of brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopei Zhang
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hannah Taylor
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alain Valdivia
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rajaneekar Dasari
- Eshelman Institute for Innovation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew Buckley
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Emily Bonacquisti
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Juliane Nguyen
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Krishna Kanchi
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David L Corcoran
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura E Herring
- Michael Hooker Proteomics Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dennis A Steindler
- Eshelman Institute for Innovation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Steindler Consulting, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albert Baldwin
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shawn Hingtgen
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Andrew Benson Satterlee
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Eshelman Institute for Innovation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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4
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Kaur M, Fusco S, Van den Broek B, Aseervatham J, Rostami A, Iacovitti L, Grassi C, Lukomska B, Srivastava AK. Most recent advances and applications of extracellular vesicles in tackling neurological challenges. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1923-1966. [PMID: 38500405 DOI: 10.1002/med.22035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, there has been a notable increase in the global burden of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Despite advances in technology and therapeutic options, neurological and neurodegenerative disorders persist as significant challenges in treatment and cure. Recently, there has been a remarkable surge of interest in extracellular vesicles (EVs) as pivotal mediators of intercellular communication. As carriers of molecular cargo, EVs demonstrate the ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier, enabling bidirectional communication. As a result, they have garnered attention as potential biomarkers and therapeutic agents, whether in their natural form or after being engineered for use in the CNS. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to EVs, encompassing various aspects such as their diverse isolation methods, characterization, handling, storage, and different routes for EV administration. Additionally, it underscores the recent advances in their potential applications in neurodegenerative disorder therapeutics. By exploring their unique capabilities, this study sheds light on the promising future of EVs in clinical research. It considers the inherent challenges and limitations of these emerging applications while incorporating the most recent updates in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Salvatore Fusco
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Bram Van den Broek
- Department of Neurology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jaya Aseervatham
- Department of Neurology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abdolmohamad Rostami
- Department of Neurology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lorraine Iacovitti
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Jefferson Stem Cell and Regenerative Neuroscience Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Amit K Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Zhang X, Taylor H, Valdivia A, Dasari R, Buckley A, Bonacquisti E, Nguyen J, Kanchi K, Corcoran DL, Herring LE, Steindler DA, Baldwin A, Hingtgen S, Satterlee AB. Auto-loaded TRAIL-exosomes derived from induced neural stem cells for brain cancer therapy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.24.595724. [PMID: 38854085 PMCID: PMC11160660 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.24.595724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Transdifferentiation (TD), a somatic cell reprogramming process that eliminates pluripotent intermediates, creates cells that are ideal for personalized anti-cancer therapy. Here, we provide the first evidence that extracellular vesicles (EVs) from TD-derived induced neural stem cells (Exo-iNSCs) are an efficacious treatment strategy for brain cancer. We found that genetically engineered iNSCs generated EVs loaded with the tumoricidal gene product TRAIL at nearly twice the rate as their parental fibroblasts, and the TRAIL produced by iNSCs were naturally loaded into the lumen of EVs and arrayed across their outer membrane (Exo-iNSC-TRAIL). Uptake studies in ex vivo organotypic brain slice cultures showed Exo-iNSC-TRAIL selectively accumulates within tumor foci, and co-culture assays showed that Exo-iNSC-TRAIL killed metastatic and primary brain cancer cells more effectively than free TRAIL. In an orthotopic mouse model of brain cancer, Exo-iNSC-TRAIL reduced breast-to-brain tumor xenografts around 3000-fold greater than treatment with free TRAIL, with all Exo-iNSC-TRAIL treated animals surviving through 90 days post-treatment. In additional in vivo testing against aggressive U87 and invasive GBM8 glioblastoma tumors, Exo-iNSC-TRAIL also induced a statistically significant increase in survival. These studies establish a new easily generated, stable, tumor-targeted EV to efficaciously treat multiple forms of brain cancer.
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Yavuz B, Mutlu EC, Ahmed Z, Ben-Nissan B, Stamboulis A. Applications of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Nerve Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5863. [PMID: 38892052 PMCID: PMC11172915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and other lipid vesicles derived from cells, play a pivotal role in intercellular communication by transferring information between cells. EVs secreted by progenitor and stem cells have been associated with the therapeutic effects observed in cell-based therapies, and they also contribute to tissue regeneration following injury, such as in orthopaedic surgery cases. This review explores the involvement of EVs in nerve regeneration, their potential as drug carriers, and their significance in stem cell research and cell-free therapies. It underscores the importance of bioengineers comprehending and manipulating EV activity to optimize the efficacy of tissue engineering and regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcak Yavuz
- Vocational School of Health Services, Altinbas University, 34147 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Esra Cansever Mutlu
- Biomaterials Research Group, School of Metallurgy and Materials, College of Engineering and Physical Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- Neuroscience & Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - Besim Ben-Nissan
- Translational Biomaterials and Medicine Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Artemis Stamboulis
- Biomaterials Research Group, School of Metallurgy and Materials, College of Engineering and Physical Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
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Zhu Z, Zhang Q, Feng J, Zebaze Dongmo S, Zhang Q, Huang S, Liu X, Zhang G, Chen L. Neural Stem Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles: key Players in Ischemic Stroke Therapy - A Comprehensive Literature Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:4279-4295. [PMID: 38766658 PMCID: PMC11102074 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s451642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, being a prominent contributor to global disability and mortality, lacks an efficacious therapeutic approach in current clinical settings. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are a type of stem cell that are only found inside the nervous system. These cells can differentiate into various kinds of cells, potentially regenerating or restoring neural networks within areas of the brain that have been destroyed. This review begins by providing an introduction to the existing therapeutic approaches for ischemic stroke, followed by an examination of the promise and limits associated with the utilization of NSCs for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Subsequently, a comprehensive overview was conducted to synthesize the existing literature on the underlying processes of neural stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (NSC-sEVs) transplantation therapy in the context of ischemic stroke. These mechanisms encompass neuroprotection, inflammatory response suppression, and endogenous nerve and vascular regeneration facilitation. Nevertheless, the clinical translation of NSC-sEVs is hindered by challenges such as inadequate targeting efficacy and insufficient content loading. In light of these limitations, we have compiled an overview of the advancements in utilizing modified NSC-sEVs for treating ischemic stroke based on current methods of extracellular vesicle modification. In conclusion, examining NSC-sEVs-based therapeutic approaches is anticipated to be prominent in both fundamental and applied investigations about ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiankun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sonia Zebaze Dongmo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songze Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guilong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lukui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
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Sintakova K, Romanyuk N. The role of small extracellular vesicles and microRNA as their cargo in the spinal cord injury pathophysiology and therapy. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1400413. [PMID: 38774785 PMCID: PMC11106386 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1400413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition with a complex pathology that affects a significant portion of the population and causes long-term consequences. After primary injury, an inflammatory cascade of secondary injury occurs, followed by neuronal cell death and glial scar formation. Together with the limited regenerative capacity of the central nervous system, these are the main reasons for the poor prognosis after SCI. Despite recent advances, there is still no effective treatment. Promising therapeutic approaches include stem cells transplantation, which has demonstrated neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects in SCI. This positive effect is thought to be mediated by small extracellular vesicles (sEVs); membrane-bound nanovesicles involved in intercellular communication through transport of functional proteins and RNA molecules. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about sEVs and microRNA as their cargo as one of the most promising therapeutic approaches for the treatment of SCI. We provide a comprehensive overview of their role in SCI pathophysiology, neuroprotective potential and therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Sintakova
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Neuroscience, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Nataliya Romanyuk
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Min XL, Liu HJ, Dou XK, Chen FX, Zhao Q, Zhao XH, Shi Y, Zhao QY, Sun SJ, Wang Z, Yu SH. Extracellular Vesicles from Neural Stem Cells Carry microRNA-16-5p to Reduce Corticosterone-induced Neuronal Injury in Depression Rats. Neuroscience 2024; 538:95-109. [PMID: 37778691 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression is a common mental illness. Neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (NSC-EVs) are involved in repairing neuronal injury. We estimated the mechanism of miR-16-5p in depression rats. METHODS EVs were extracted from NSCs. The depression rat model was established by corticosterone (CORT) induction and treated with NSC-EVs. The depression behavioral/pathological changes in rats were assessed using forced swimming test, open field test, sucrose consumption test and western blotting. The neuronal apoptosis in hippocampal tissue were detected. CORT-induced PC12 cell model was established. EV uptake by PC12 cells was measured and PC12 cell apoptosis was detected. The downstream targets of miR-16-5p were predicted and verified. The expressions of miR-16-5p and MYB in rats, PC12 cells, and EVs were measured. Functional rescue experiments were conducted to verify the role of miR-16-5p and MYB in PC12 cell apoptosis. RESULTS CORT induction increased neuronal apoptosis in hippocampal tissue and induced depression-like behaviors in rats, while NSC-EV treatment improved depression-like behaviors and apoptosis in rats. In PC12 cells, NSC-EVs decreased CORT-induced PC12 cell apoptosis. NSC-EVs carried miR-16-5p into PC12 cells. miR-16-5p knockdown in EVs partially reversed the inhibitory effects of NSC-EVs on CORT-induced PC12 cell apoptosis. miR-16-5p targeted to inhibit MYB to repress CORT-induced PC12 cell apoptosis. In vivo experiments further verified that NSC-EVs reduced neuronal injury in CORT-induced depression rats via the miR-16-5p/MYB axis. CONCLUSION NSC-EVs-mediated alleviation on neuronal injury by carrying miR-16-5p to target MYB was highly likely one of the mechanisms by which NSC-EVs mediated miR-16-5p in neuroprotection of depression rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Min
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| | - Hai-Jing Liu
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage, Yunnan Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Kunming, China
| | - Xing-Kui Dou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Fei-Xiong Chen
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhao
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Medicine School, Yunnan Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Kunming, China
| | - Qun-Yuan Zhao
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Sheng-Jie Sun
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Si-Hang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Botchway BOA, Wang X, Liu X. Curcumin can improve spinal cord injury by inhibiting DNA methylation. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:351-362. [PMID: 37076656 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04731-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious central nervous system disease. Traumatic SCI often causes persistent neurological deficits below the injury level. Epigenetic changes occur after SCI. Studies have shown DNA methylation to be a key player in nerve regeneration and remodeling, and in regulating some pathophysiological characteristics of SCI. Curcumin is a natural polyphenol from turmeric. It has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects, and can mitigate the cell and tissue damage caused by SCI. This report analyzed the specific functions of DNA methylation in central nervous system diseases, especially traumatic brain injury and SCI. DNA methylation can regulate the level of gene expressions in the central nervous system. Therefore, pharmacological interventions regulating DNA methylation may be promising for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Benson O A Botchway
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Bupa Cromwell Hospital, London, UK
| | - Xichen Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China.
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Meccariello R, Bellenchi GC, Pulcrano S, D’Addario SL, Tafuri D, Mercuri NB, Guatteo E. Neuronal dysfunction and gene modulation by non-coding RNA in Parkinson's disease and synucleinopathies. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 17:1328269. [PMID: 38249528 PMCID: PMC10796818 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1328269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, emerging evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including long-non-coding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA) and circular-RNA (circRNA) contribute to the molecular events underlying progressive neuronal degeneration, and a plethora of ncRNAs have been identified significantly misregulated in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and synucleinopathy. Although a direct link between neuropathology and causative candidates has not been clearly established in many cases, the contribution of ncRNAs to the molecular processes leading to cellular dysfunction observed in neurodegenerative diseases has been addressed, suggesting that they may play a role in the pathophysiology of these diseases. Aim of the present Review is to overview and discuss recent literature focused on the role of RNA-based mechanisms involved in different aspects of neuronal pathology in Parkinson's disease and synucleinopathy models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Meccariello
- Department of Medical and Movement Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Bellenchi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, CNR, Naples, Italy
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sebastian Luca D’Addario
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Computational and Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, CNR, Rome, Italy
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Domenico Tafuri
- Department of Medical and Movement Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola B. Mercuri
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ezia Guatteo
- Department of Medical and Movement Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
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Marzoog BA. Transcription Factors in Brain Regeneration: A Potential Novel Therapeutic Target. Curr Drug Targets 2024; 25:46-61. [PMID: 38444255 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501279977231210170231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Transcription factors play a crucial role in providing identity to each cell population. To maintain cell identity, it is essential to balance the expression of activator and inhibitor transcription factors. Cell plasticity and reprogramming offer great potential for future therapeutic applications, as they can regenerate damaged tissue. Specific niche factors can modify gene expression and differentiate or transdifferentiate the target cell to the required fate. Ongoing research is being carried out on the possibilities of transcription factors in regenerating neurons, with neural stem cells (NSCs) being considered the preferred cells for generating new neurons due to their epigenomic and transcriptome memory. NEUROD1/ASCL1, BRN2, MYTL1, and other transcription factors can induce direct reprogramming of somatic cells, such as fibroblasts, into neurons. However, the molecular biology of transcription factors in reprogramming and differentiation still needs to be fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basheer Abdullah Marzoog
- World-Class Research Center, Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare», I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
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13
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Shang Z, Wanyan P, Wang M, Zhang B, Cui X, Wang X. Stem cell-derived exosomes for traumatic spinal cord injury: a systematic review and network meta-analysis based on a rat model. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:1-10. [PMID: 37804282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Exosome therapy for traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) is a current research hotspot, but its therapeutic effect and the best source of stem cells for exosomes are unclear. METHODS The Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus databases were searched from inception to March 28, 2023. Literature screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed independently by two investigators. RESULTS A total of 40 studies were included for data analysis. The findings of our traditional meta-analysis indicate that exosomes derived from stem cells significantly improve the motor function of TSCI at various time points (1 week: weighted mean difference [WMD] = 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87-2.30] 2 weeks: WMD = 3.12, 95% CI 2.64-3.61; 3 weeks: WMD = 4.44, 95% CI 3.27-5.60; 4 weeks: WMD = 4.54, 95% CI 3.42-5.66). Four kinds of stem cell-derived exosomes have been studied: bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, adipose mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and neural stem cells. The results of the network meta-analysis showed that there was no significant statistical difference in the therapeutic effect among the exosomes derived from four kinds of stem cells at different treatment time points. Although exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are the current research focus, exosomes derived from neural stem cells have the most therapeutic potential and should become the focus of future attention. CONCLUSIONS The exosomes derived from stem cells can significantly improve the motor function of TSCI rats, and the exosomes derived from neural stem cells have the most therapeutic potential. However, the lower evidence quality of animal studies limits the reliability of experimental results, emphasizing the need for more high-quality, direct comparative studies to explore the therapeutic efficacy of exosomes and the best source of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Shang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pingping Wanyan
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China; The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingchuan Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baolin Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Cui
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Chengren Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu Province, China; Department of Spine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Ayyubova G, Kodali M, Upadhya R, Madhu LN, Attaluri S, Somayaji Y, Shuai B, Rao S, Shankar G, Shetty AK. Extracellular vesicles from hiPSC-NSCs can prevent peripheral inflammation-induced cognitive dysfunction with inflammasome inhibition and improved neurogenesis in the hippocampus. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:297. [PMID: 38087314 PMCID: PMC10717852 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02971-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells (hiPSC-NSCs) are enriched with miRNAs and proteins capable of mediating robust antiinflammatory activity. The lack of tumorigenic and immunogenic properties and ability to permeate the entire brain to incorporate into microglia following intranasal (IN) administrations makes them an attractive biologic for curtailing chronic neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disorders. We tested the hypothesis that IN administrations of hiPSC-NSC-EVs can alleviate chronic neuroinflammation and cognitive impairments induced by the peripheral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Adult male, C57BL/6J mice received intraperitoneal injections of LPS (0.75 mg/kg) for seven consecutive days. Then, the mice received either vehicle (VEH) or hiPSC-NSC-EVs (~ 10 × 109 EVs/administration, thrice over 6 days). A month later, mice in all groups were investigated for cognitive function with behavioral tests and euthanized for histological and biochemical studies. Mice receiving VEH after LPS displayed deficits in associative recognition memory, temporal pattern processing, and pattern separation. Such impairments were associated with an increased incidence of activated microglia presenting NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes, elevated levels of NLRP3 inflammasome mediators and end products, and decreased neurogenesis in the hippocampus. In contrast, the various cognitive measures in mice receiving hiPSC-NSC-EVs after LPS were closer to naive mice. Significantly, these mice displayed diminished microglial activation, NLRP3 inflammasomes, proinflammatory cytokines, and a level of neurogenesis matching age-matched naïve controls. Thus, IN administrations of hiPSC-NSC-EVs are an efficacious approach to reducing chronic neuroinflammation-induced cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunel Ayyubova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 1114 TAMU, 206 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Maheedhar Kodali
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 1114 TAMU, 206 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Raghavendra Upadhya
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 1114 TAMU, 206 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Leelavathi N Madhu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 1114 TAMU, 206 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Sahithi Attaluri
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 1114 TAMU, 206 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yogish Somayaji
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 1114 TAMU, 206 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Bing Shuai
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 1114 TAMU, 206 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Shama Rao
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 1114 TAMU, 206 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Goutham Shankar
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 1114 TAMU, 206 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ashok K Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 1114 TAMU, 206 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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15
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Kim YS, Seo N, Kim JH, Kang S, Park JW, Park KD, Lee HA, Park M. Exploring the Functional Heterogeneity of Directly Reprogrammed Neural Stem Cell-Derived Neurons via Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Cells 2023; 12:2818. [PMID: 38132138 PMCID: PMC10742074 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of directly reprogrammed neural stem cells (iNSCs) for neurodegenerative diseases relies on reducing the innate tumorigenicity of pluripotent stem cells. However, the heterogeneity within iNSCs is a major hurdle in quality control prior to clinical applications. Herein, we generated iNSCs from human fibroblasts, by transfecting transcription factors using Sendai virus particles, and characterized the expression of iNSC markers. Using immunostaining and quantitative real time -polymerase chain reaction (RT -qPCR), no differences were observed between colonies of iNSCs and iNSC-derived neurons. Unexpectedly, patch-clamp analysis of iNSC-derived neurons revealed distinctive action potential firing even within the same batch product. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing in fibroblasts, iNSCs, and iNSC-derived neurons to dissect their functional heterogeneity and identify cell fate regulators during direct reprogramming followed by neuronal differentiation. Pseudotime trajectory analysis revealed distinct cell types depending on their gene expression profiles. Differential gene expression analysis showed distinct NEUROG1, PEG3, and STMN2 expression patterns in iNSCs and iNSC-derived neurons. Taken together, we recommend performing a predictable functional assessment with appropriate surrogate markers to ensure the quality control of iNSCs and their differentiated neurons, particularly before cell banking for regenerative cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Sung Kim
- Advanced Bioconvergence Product Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si 28159, Republic of Korea; (Y.S.K.); (N.S.); (J.-H.K.); (S.K.); (J.W.P.); (K.D.P.)
| | - NaRi Seo
- Advanced Bioconvergence Product Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si 28159, Republic of Korea; (Y.S.K.); (N.S.); (J.-H.K.); (S.K.); (J.W.P.); (K.D.P.)
| | - Ji-Hye Kim
- Advanced Bioconvergence Product Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si 28159, Republic of Korea; (Y.S.K.); (N.S.); (J.-H.K.); (S.K.); (J.W.P.); (K.D.P.)
| | - Soyeong Kang
- Advanced Bioconvergence Product Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si 28159, Republic of Korea; (Y.S.K.); (N.S.); (J.-H.K.); (S.K.); (J.W.P.); (K.D.P.)
| | - Ji Won Park
- Advanced Bioconvergence Product Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si 28159, Republic of Korea; (Y.S.K.); (N.S.); (J.-H.K.); (S.K.); (J.W.P.); (K.D.P.)
| | - Ki Dae Park
- Advanced Bioconvergence Product Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si 28159, Republic of Korea; (Y.S.K.); (N.S.); (J.-H.K.); (S.K.); (J.W.P.); (K.D.P.)
| | - Hyang-Ae Lee
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea;
| | - Misun Park
- Advanced Bioconvergence Product Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si 28159, Republic of Korea; (Y.S.K.); (N.S.); (J.-H.K.); (S.K.); (J.W.P.); (K.D.P.)
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16
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Zhang J, Shi M, Wang J, Li F, Du C, Su G, Xie X, Li S. Novel Strategies for Angiogenesis in Tissue Injury: Therapeutic Effects of iPSCs-Derived Exosomes. Angiology 2023:33197231213192. [PMID: 37933764 DOI: 10.1177/00033197231213192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration after tissue injury is a dynamic and complex process, and angiogenesis is necessary for normal physiological activities and tissue repair. Induced pluripotent stem cells are a new approach in regenerative medicine, which provides good model for the study of difficult-to-obtain human tissues, patient-specific therapy, and tissue repair. As an innovative cell-free therapeutic strategy, the main advantages of the treatment of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived exosomes are low in tumorigenicity and immunogenicity, which become an important pathway for tissue injury. This review focuses on the mechanism of the angiogenic effect of iPSCs-derived exosomes on wound repair in tissue injury and their potential therapeutic targets, with a view to providing a theoretical basis for the use of iPSCs-derived exosomes in clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhang
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Maoning Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Gansu Province Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chenxu Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gang Su
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shiweng Li
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China
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17
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Liu Y, Yang W, Xue J, Chen J, Liu S, Zhang S, Zhang X, Gu X, Dong Y, Qiu P. Neuroinflammation: The central enabler of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115582. [PMID: 37748409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The proportion of advanced age patients undergoing surgical procedures is on the rise owing to advancements in surgical and anesthesia technologies as well as an overall aging population. As a complication of anesthesia and surgery, older patients frequently suffer from postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), which may persist for weeks, months or even longer. POCD is a complex pathological process involving multiple pathogenic factors, and its mechanism is yet unclear. Potential theories include inflammation, deposition of pathogenic proteins, imbalance of neurotransmitters, and chronic stress. The identification, prevention, and treatment of POCD are still in the exploratory stages owing to the absence of standardized diagnostic criteria. Undoubtedly, comprehending the development of POCD remains crucial in overcoming the illness. Neuroinflammation is the leading hypothesis and a crucial component of the pathological network of POCD and may have complex interactions with other mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the possible ways in which surgery and anesthesia cause neuroinflammation and investigate the connection between neuroinflammation and the development of POCD. Understanding these mechanisms may likely ensure that future treatment options of POCD are more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning province, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning province, China
| | - Jinqi Xue
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning province, China
| | - Juntong Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Shiqing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xi Gu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning province, China.
| | - Youjing Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Peng Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
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18
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Haroon J, Aboody K, Flores L, McDonald M, Mahdavi K, Zielinski M, Jordan K, Rindner E, Surya J, Venkatraman V, Go-Stevens V, Ngai G, Lara J, Hyde C, Schafer S, Schafer M, Bystritsky A, Nardi I, Kuhn T, Ross D, Jordan S. Use of transcranial low-intensity focused ultrasound for targeted delivery of stem cell-derived exosomes to the brain. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17707. [PMID: 37853206 PMCID: PMC10584845 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44785-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents a significant challenge for targeted drug delivery. A proposed method to improve drug delivery across the BBB is focused ultrasound (fUS), which delivers ultrasound waves to a targeted location in the brain and is hypothesized to open the BBB. Furthermore, stem cell-derived exosomes have been suggested as a possible anti-inflammatory molecule that may have neural benefits, if able to pass the BBB. In the present study, transcranial low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU), without the use of intravenous microbubbles, was assessed for both (1) its ability to influence the BBB, as well as (2) its ability to increase the localization of intravenously administered small molecules to a specific region in the brain. In vivo rat studies were conducted with a rodent-customized 2 MHz LIFU probe (peak pressure = 1.5 MPa), and injection of labeled stem cell-derived exosomes. The results suggested that LIFU (without microbubbles) did not appear to open the BBB after exposure times of 20, 40, or 60 min; instead, there appeared to be an increase in transcytosis of the dextran tracer. Furthermore, the imaging results of the exosome study showed an increase in exosome localization in the right hippocampus following 60 min of targeted LIFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Haroon
- The Regenesis Project, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
| | - K Aboody
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - L Flores
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - M McDonald
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - K Mahdavi
- The Regenesis Project, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - M Zielinski
- The Regenesis Project, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - K Jordan
- The Regenesis Project, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - E Rindner
- The Regenesis Project, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - J Surya
- The Regenesis Project, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | | | - V Go-Stevens
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - G Ngai
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - J Lara
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - C Hyde
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - S Schafer
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - M Schafer
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - A Bystritsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - I Nardi
- Kimera Labs Inc., Miramar, USA
| | - T Kuhn
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - D Ross
- Kimera Labs Inc., Miramar, USA
| | - S Jordan
- The Regenesis Project, Santa Monica, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
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19
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Fang Q, Wei Y, Zhang Y, Cao W, Yan L, Kong M, Zhu Y, Xu Y, Guo L, Zhang L, Wang W, Yu Y, Sun J, Yang J. Stem cells as potential therapeutics for hearing loss. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1259889. [PMID: 37746148 PMCID: PMC10512725 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1259889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hearing impairment is a global health problem. Stem cell therapy has become a cutting-edge approach to tissue regeneration. In this review, the recent advances in stem cell therapy for hearing loss have been discussed. Nanomaterials can modulate the stem cell microenvironment to augment the therapeutic effects further. The potential of combining nanomaterials with stem cells for repairing and regenerating damaged inner ear hair cells (HCs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) has also been discussed. Stem cell-derived exosomes can contribute to the repair and regeneration of damaged tissue, and the research progress on exosome-based hearing loss treatment has been summarized as well. Despite stem cell therapy's technical and practical limitations, the findings reported so far are promising and warrant further investigation for eventual clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojun Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongjie Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lin Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mengdie Kong
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongjun Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lingna Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yafeng Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingwu Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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20
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Hernando S, Santos-Vizcaíno E, Igartua M, Hernandez RM. Targeting the central nervous system: From synthetic nanoparticles to extracellular vesicles-Focus on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1898. [PMID: 37157144 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are an accelerating global health problem as life expectancy rises worldwide. Despite their significant burden in public health systems to date, the existing treatments only manage the symptoms without slowing down disease progression. Thus, the ongoing neurodegenerative process remains untreated. Moreover, the stronghold of the brain-the blood-brain barrier (BBB)-prevents drug penetrance and dwindles effective treatments. In the last years, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems (DDS) have become a promising approach to target and treat these disorders related to the central nervous system (CNS). PLGA based nanoparticles (NPs) were the first employed DDS for effective drug delivery. However, the poor drug loading capacity and localized immunogenicity prompted the scientific community to move to another DDS such as lipid-based NPs. Despite the lipid NPs' safety and effectiveness, their off-target accumulation together with the denominated CARPA (complement activation-related pseudo allergy) reaction has limited their complete clinical translation. Recently, biological NPs naturally secreted by cells, termed as extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising more complex biocompatible DDS. In addition, EVs act as dual players in NDs treatment, as a "cell free" therapy themselves, as well as new biological NPs with numerous characteristics that qualify them as promising carriers over synthetic DDS. The present review aims to display advantages, drawbacks, current limitations and future prospective of the previously cited synthetic and biological DDS to enter the brain and treat one of 21st century most challenging diseases, NDs. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hernando
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria Gasteiz, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Edorta Santos-Vizcaíno
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria Gasteiz, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Manoli Igartua
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria Gasteiz, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Hernandez
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria Gasteiz, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria Gasteiz, Spain
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21
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Zhong L, Wang J, Wang P, Liu X, Liu P, Cheng X, Cao L, Wu H, Chen J, Zhou L. Neural stem cell-derived exosomes and regeneration: cell-free therapeutic strategies for traumatic brain injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:198. [PMID: 37553595 PMCID: PMC10408078 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative repair of the brain after traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains an extensive clinical challenge, inspiring intensified interest in therapeutic approaches to explore superior repair strategies. Exosome therapy is another research hotspot following stem cell alternative therapy. Prior research verified that exosomes produced by neural stem cells can participate in the physiological and pathological changes associated with TBI and have potential neuroregulatory and repair functions. In comparison with their parental stem cells, exosomes have superior stability and immune tolerance and lower tumorigenic risk. In addition, they can readily penetrate the blood‒brain barrier, which makes their treatment efficiency superior to that of transplanted stem cells. Exosomes secreted by neural stem cells present a promising strategy for the development of novel regenerative therapies. Their tissue regeneration and immunomodulatory potential have made them encouraging candidates for TBI repair. The present review addresses the challenges, applications and potential mechanisms of neural stem cell exosomes in regenerating damaged brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhong
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Neurotrauma Repair, Characteristic Medical Center of People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Health Management, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Xiaoyin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Lujia Cao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Liangxue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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22
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Lee KS, Park JY, Jeong YJ, Lee MS. The Fatal Role of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli Shiga Toxin-associated Extracellular Vesicles in Host Cells. J Microbiol 2023; 61:715-727. [PMID: 37665555 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a specific subset of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains that are characterized by their ability to cause bloody diarrhea (hemorrhagic colitis) and potentially life-threatening, extraintestinal complications such as hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), which is associated with acute renal failure., contributing to severe clinical outcomes. The Shiga toxins (Stxs), produced by EHEC, are primary virulence factors. These potent cytotoxins are composed of one enzymatically active A subunit (StxA) and five receptor-binding B subunits (StxB). Although the toxins are primarily associated with cytotoxic effects, they also elicit other pathogenic consequences due to their induction of a number of biological processes, including apoptosis through ER-stress, pro-inflammatory responses, autophagy, and post-translational modification (PTM). Moreover, several studies have reported the association between Stxs and extracellular vesicles (EVs), including microvesicles and exosomes, demonstrating that Stx-containing EVs secreted by intoxicated macrophages are taken up by recipient cells, such as toxin-sensitive renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. This mechanism likely contributes to the spreading of Stxs within the host, and may exacerbate gastrointestinal illnesses and kidney dysfunction. In this review, we summarize recent findings relating to the host responses, in different types of cells in vitro and in animal models, mediated by Stxs-containing exosomes. Due to their unique properties, EVs have been explored as therapeutic agents, drug delivery systems, and diagnostic tools. Thus, potential therapeutic applications of EVs in EHEC Stxs-mediated pathogenesis are also briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Soo Lee
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Park
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jeong
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moo-Seung Lee
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Zhao X, Zhu J, Chen S, Liu R, Long T. Neural Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Improve Neurological Function in Rats with Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Regulating Microglia-Mediated Inflammatory Response. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:3079-3092. [PMID: 37520663 PMCID: PMC10378531 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s414121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effect of neural stem cell-derived exosomes (NSC-Exos) on neural function after rat cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating microglia-mediated inflammatory response. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into Sham group, IRI group, PBS group and NSC-Exos group. Each group was divided into 1d, 3d, 7d and 14d subgroups. In the Sham group, only cervical vessels were isolated without blockage. MCAO model was constructed in the other three groups by blocking middle cerebral artery with thread embolism. PBS group and NSC-Exos group were, respectively, injected into the lateral ventricle of PBS and Exos. Neurobehavioral deficit scores were performed for each subgroup at relative time points, then brains were taken for TTC staining, parietal cortex histopathology and microglia-mediated inflammatory response-related factors were detected. Results Compared with Sham group, neurological defect score and infarction volume in both the IRI and PBS groups were significantly increased. The exploration target quadrant time and escape latency time of maze test were increased. The number of CD86+/Iba1+ double-positive cells increased, while CD206+/Iba1+ double-positive cells decreased. The expressions of IL-6 and CD86 in parietal cortex were increased, while the expressions of Arg1 and CD206 were decreased. Compared with the IRI group and PBS group, neurological defect score and infarction volume in NSC-Exos group were decreased. The exploration target quadrant time and escape latency time of water maze test were decreased. The number of CD206+/Iba1+ double-positive cells increased, while CD86+/Iba1+ double-positive cells decreased. The expressions of Arg1 and CD206 in parietal cortex were increased, while the expressions of IL-6 and CD86 were decreased. Conclusion NSC-Exos can promote the polarization of microglia, that is, inhibit the polarization of M1 and promote polarization of M2, reduce microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, suggesting that NSC-Exos may be a strategy for the treatment of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation after ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junde Zhu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruojing Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Long
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
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24
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Ji X, Zhou S, Wang N, Wang J, Wu Y, Duan Y, Ni P, Zhang J, Yu S. Cerebral-Organoid-Derived Exosomes Alleviate Oxidative Stress and Promote LMX1A-Dependent Dopaminergic Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11048. [PMID: 37446226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The remarkable advancements related to cerebral organoids have provided unprecedented opportunities to model human brain development and diseases. However, despite their potential significance in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), the role of exosomes from cerebral organoids (OExo) has been largely unknown. In this study, we compared the effects of OExo to those of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes (CExo) and found that OExo shared similar neuroprotective effects to CExo. Our findings showed that OExo mitigated H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat midbrain astrocytes by reducing excess ROS production, antioxidant depletion, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the expression of pro-apoptotic genes. Notably, OExo demonstrated superiority over CExo in promoting the differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into dopaminergic (DA) neurons. This was attributed to the higher abundance of neurotrophic factors, including neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) and glial-cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), in OExo, which facilitated the iPSCs' differentiation into DA neurons in an LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 alpha (LMX1A)-dependent manner. Our study provides novel insight into the biological properties of cerebral organoids and highlights the potential of OExo in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingrui Ji
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Shaocong Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Nana Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Yuhan Duan
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Penghao Ni
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Jingzhong Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
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25
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Nasiry D, Khalatbary AR. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle-based therapy for nerve injury: A review of the molecular mechanisms. World Neurosurg X 2023; 19:100201. [PMID: 37181584 PMCID: PMC10173266 DOI: 10.1016/j.wnsx.2023.100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that stem cell therapy has beneficial effects on nerve damage. These beneficial effects were subsequently found to be exerted in part in a paracrine manner by the release of extracellular vesicles. Stem cell-secreted extracellular vesicles have shown great potential to reduce inflammation and apoptosis, optimize the function of Schwann cells, regulate genes related to regeneration, and improve behavioral performance after nerve damage. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the effect of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles on neuroprotection and regeneration along with their molecular mechanisms after nerve damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Nasiry
- Amol Faculty of Paramedicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Khalatbary
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Corresponding author.
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26
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Attaluri S, Jaimes Gonzalez J, Kirmani M, Vogel AD, Upadhya R, Kodali M, Madhu LN, Rao S, Shuai B, Babu RS, Huard C, Shetty AK. Intranasally administered extracellular vesicles from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells quickly incorporate into neurons and microglia in 5xFAD mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1200445. [PMID: 37424631 PMCID: PMC10323752 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1200445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neural stem cells (NSCs) have robust antiinflammatory and neurogenic properties due to therapeutic miRNAs and proteins in their cargo. Hence, hiPSC-NSC-EVs are potentially an excellent biologic for treating neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods This study investigated whether intranasally (IN) administered hiPSC-NSC-EVs would quickly target various neural cell types in the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain regions of 3-month-old 5xFAD mice, a model of β-amyloidosis and familial AD. We administered a single dose of 25 × 109 hiPSC-NSC-EVs labeled with PKH26, and different cohorts of naïve and 5xFAD mice receiving EVs were euthanized at 45 min or 6 h post-administration. Results At 45 min post-administration, EVs were found in virtually all subregions of the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain of naïve and 5xFAD mice, with predominant targeting and internalization into neurons, interneurons, and microglia, including plaque-associated microglia in 5xFAD mice. EVs also came in contact with the plasma membranes of astrocytic processes and the soma of oligodendrocytes in white matter regions. Evaluation of CD63/CD81 expression with the neuronal marker confirmed that PKH26 + particles found within neurons were IN administered hiPSC-NSC-EVs. At 6 h post-administration, EVs persisted in all cell types in both groups, with the distribution mostly matching what was observed at 45 min post-administration. Area fraction (AF) analysis revealed that, in both naïve and 5xFAD mice, higher fractions of EVs incorporate into forebrain regions at both time points. However, at 45 min post-IN administration, AFs of EVs within cell layers in forebrain regions and within microglia in midbrain and hindbrain regions were lower in 5xFAD mice than naïve mice, implying that amyloidosis reduces EV penetrance. Discussion Collectively, the results provide novel evidence that IN administration of therapeutic hiPSC-NSC-EVs is an efficient avenue for directing such EVs into neurons and glia in all brain regions in the early stage of amyloidosis. As pathological changes in AD are observed in multiple brain areas, the ability to deliver therapeutic EVs into various neural cells in virtually every brain region in the early stage of amyloidosis is attractive for promoting neuroprotective and antiinflammatory effects.
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27
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Liang Y, Iqbal Z, Lu J, Wang J, Zhang H, Chen X, Duan L, Xia J. Cell-derived nanovesicle-mediated drug delivery to the brain: Principles and strategies for vesicle engineering. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1207-1224. [PMID: 36245129 PMCID: PMC10188644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing strategies toward safe and effective drug delivery into the central nervous system (CNS) with improved targeting abilities and reduced off-target effects is crucial. CNS-targeted drug carriers made of synthetic molecules raise concerns about their biodegradation, clearance, immune responses, and neurotoxicity. Cell-derived nanovesicles (CDNs) have recently been applied in CNS-targeted drug delivery, because of their intrinsic stability, biocompatibility, inherent homing capability, and the ability to penetrate through biological barriers, including the blood-brain barrier. Among these CDNs, extracellular vesicles and exosomes are the most studied because their surface can be engineered and modified to cater to brain targeting. In this review, we focus on the application of CDNs in brain-targeted drug delivery to treat neurological diseases. We cover recently developed methods of exosome derivation and engineering, including exosome-like particles, hybrid exosomes, exosome-associated adeno-associated viruses, and envelope protein nanocages. Finally, we discuss the limitations and project the future development of the CDN-based brain-targeted delivery systems, and conclude that engineered CDNs hold great potential in the treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China; Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, China
| | - Zoya Iqbal
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, China
| | - Jianping Lu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
| | - Jianhong Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China; EVLiXiR Biotech Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210032, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, China.
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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28
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Kong L, Zhao H, Wang F, Zhang R, Yao X, Zuo R, Li J, Xu J, Qian Y, Kang Q, Fan C. Endocrine modulation of brain-skeleton axis driven by neural stem cell-derived perilipin 5 in the lipid metabolism homeostasis for bone regeneration. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1293-1312. [PMID: 36760127 PMCID: PMC10188646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Factors released from the nervous system always play crucial roles in modulating bone metabolism and regeneration. How the brain-driven endocrine axes maintain bone homeostasis, especially under metabolic disorders, remains obscure. Here, we found that neural stem cells (NSCs) residing in the subventricular zone participated in lipid metabolism homeostasis of regenerative bone through exosomal perilipin 5 (PLIN5). Fluorescence-labeled exosomes tracing and histological detection identified that NSC-derived exosomes (NSC-Exo) could travel from the lateral ventricle into bone injury sites. Homocysteine (Hcy) led to osteogenic and angiogenic impairment, whereas the NSC-Exo were confirmed to restore it. Mecobalamin, a clinically used neurotrophic drug, further enhanced the protective effects of NSC-Exo through increased PLIN5 expression. Mechanistically, NSC-derived PLIN5 reversed excessive Hcy-induced lipid metabolic imbalance and aberrant lipid droplet accumulation through lipophagy-dependent intracellular lipolysis. Intracerebroventricular administration of mecobalamin and/or AAV-shPlin5 confirmed the effects of PLIN5-driven endocrine modulations on new bone formation and vascular reconstruction in hyperhomocysteinemic and high-fat diet models. This study uncovered a novel brain-skeleton axis that NSCs in the mammalian brain modulated bone regeneration through PLIN5-driven lipid metabolism modulation, providing evidence for lipid- or bone-targeted medicine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchi Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Haoyu Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Xiangyun Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Rongtai Zuo
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Juehong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China.
| | - Qinglin Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China.
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, PR China.
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29
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Rong Y, Wang Z, Tang P, Wang J, Ji C, Chang J, Zhu Y, Ye W, Bai J, Liu W, Yin G, Yu L, Zhou X, Cai W. Engineered extracellular vesicles for delivery of siRNA promoting targeted repair of traumatic spinal cord injury. Bioact Mater 2023; 23:328-342. [PMID: 36474657 PMCID: PMC9706413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe disease of the nervous system that causes irreparable damage and loss of function, for which no effective treatments are available to date. Engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying therapeutic molecules hold promise as an alternative SCI therapy depending on the specific functionalized EVs and the appropriate engineering strategy. In this study, we demonstrated the design of a drug delivery system of peptide CAQK-modified, siRNA-loaded EVs (C-EVs-siRNA) for SCI-targeted therapy. The peptide CAQK was anchored through a chemical modification to the membranes of EVs isolated from induced neural stem cells (iNSCs). CCL2-siRNA was then loaded into the EVs through electroporation. The modified EVs still maintained the basic properties of EVs and showed favorable targeting and therapeutic effects in vitro and in vivo. C-EVs-siRNA specifically delivered siRNA to the SCI region and was taken up by target cells. C-EVs-siRNA used the inherent anti-inflammatory and neuroreparative functions of iNSCs-derived EVs in synergy with the loaded siRNA, thus enhancing the therapeutic effect against SCI. The combination of targeted modified EVs and siRNA effectively regulated the microenvironmental disturbance after SCI, promoted the transformation of microglia/macrophages from M1 to M2 and limited the negative effects of the inflammatory response and neuronal injury on functional recovery in mice after SCI. Thus, engineered EVs are a potentially feasible and efficacious treatment for SCI, and may also be used to develop targeted treatments for other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuluo Rong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuanghui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengyu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengyue Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yufeng Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wu Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianling Bai
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Guoyong Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lipeng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Weihua Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
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30
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Szpakowski P, Ksiazek-Winiarek D, Czpakowska J, Kaluza M, Milewska-Jedrzejczak M, Glabinski A. Astrocyte-Derived Exosomes Differentially Shape T Cells' Immune Response in MS Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087470. [PMID: 37108633 PMCID: PMC10138532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes, the most abundant group of glia cells in the brain, provide support for neurons and indicate multiple various functions in the central nervous system (CNS). Growing data additionally describe their role in the regulation of immune system activity. They exert their function not only by direct contact with other cell types, but also through an indirect method, e.g., by secreting various molecules. One such structure is extracellular vesicles, which are important mediators of crosstalk between cells. In our study, we observed that the impact of exosomes derived from astrocytes with various functional phenotype differently affect the immune response of CD4+ T cells, both from healthy individuals and from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Astrocytes, by modulating exosome cargo, impacts the release of IFN-γ, IL-17A and CCL2 in our experimental conditions. Considering the proteins concentration in cell culture supernatants and the cellular percentage of Th phenotypes, it could be stated that human astrocytes, by the release of exosomes, are able to modify the activity of human T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Szpakowski
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113 Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dominika Ksiazek-Winiarek
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113 Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Czpakowska
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113 Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kaluza
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113 Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Milewska-Jedrzejczak
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113 Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Glabinski
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113 Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
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31
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Ou A, Wang Y, Zhang J, Huang Y. Living Cells and Cell-Derived Vesicles: A Trojan Horse Technique for Brain Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041257. [PMID: 37111742 PMCID: PMC10145830 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain diseases remain a significant global healthcare burden. Conventional pharmacological therapy for brain diseases encounters huge challenges because of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limiting the delivery of therapeutics into the brain parenchyma. To address this issue, researchers have explored various types of drug delivery systems. Cells and cell derivatives have attracted increasing interest as "Trojan horse" delivery systems for brain diseases, owing to their superior biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and BBB penetration properties. This review provided an overview of recent advancements in cell- and cell-derivative-based delivery systems for the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases. Additionally, it discussed the challenges and potential solutions for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ante Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuewei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528437, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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32
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Han T, Song P, Wu Z, Wang C, Liu Y, Ying W, Li K, Shen C. Inflammatory stimulation of astrocytes affects the expression of miRNA-22-3p within NSCs-EVs regulating remyelination by targeting KDM3A. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:52. [PMID: 36959678 PMCID: PMC10035185 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03284-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) are critical for the remyelination of axons following spinal cord injury (SCI). Cell-cell communication plays a key role in the regulation of the differentiation of NSCs. Astrocytes act as immune cells that encounter early inflammation, forming a glial barrier to prevent the spread of destructive inflammation following SCI. In addition, the cytokines released from astrocytes participate in the regulation of the differentiation of NSCs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cytokines released from inflammation-stimulated astrocytes on the differentiation of NSCs following SCI and to explore the influence of these cytokines on NSC-NSC communication. RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide stimulation of astrocytes increased bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) release, which not only promoted the differentiation of NSCs into astrocytes and inhibited axon remyelination in SCI lesions but also enriched miRNA-22-3p within extracellular vesicles derived from NSCs. These miRNA-22 molecules function as a feedback loop to promote NSC differentiation into oligodendrocytes and the remyelination of axons following SCI by targeting KDM3A. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that by releasing BMP2, astrocytes were able to regulate the differentiation of NSCs and NSC-NSC communication by enriching miRNA-22 within NSC-EVs, which in turn promoted the regeneration and remyelination of axons by targeting the KDM3A/TGF-beta axis and the recovery of neurological outcomes following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Han
- Department of Orthopedics (Spinal Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Peiwen Song
- Department of Orthopedics (Spinal Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zuomeng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics (Spinal Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Cancan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics (Spinal Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yunlei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, No.2 People's Hospital of Fuyang, Fuyang city, China
| | - Wang Ying
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei city, China
| | - Kaixuan Li
- Department of Orthopedics (Spinal Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Cailiang Shen
- Department of Orthopedics (Spinal Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China.
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33
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Hering C, Shetty AK. Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Neural Stem Cells, Astrocytes, and Microglia as Therapeutics for Easing TBI-Induced Brain Dysfunction. Stem Cells Transl Med 2023; 12:140-153. [PMID: 36847078 PMCID: PMC10021503 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from neural stem cells (NSC-EVs), astrocytes (ADEVs), and microglia (MDEVs) have neuroregenerative properties. This review discusses the therapeutic efficacy of NSC-EVs, ADEVs, and MDEVs in traumatic brain injury (TBI) models. The translational value and future directions for such EV therapy are also deliberated. Studies have demonstrated that NSC-EV or ADEV therapy can mediate neuroprotective effects and improve motor and cognitive function after TBI. Furthermore, NSC-EVs or ADEVs generated after priming parental cells with growth factors or brain-injury extracts can mediate improved therapeutic benefits. However, the therapeutic effects of naïve MDEVs are yet to be tested rigorously in TBI models. Studies using activated MDEVs have reported both adverse and beneficial effects. NSC-EV, ADEV, or MDEV therapy for TBI is not ready for clinical translation. Rigorous testing of their efficacy for preventing chronic neuroinflammatory cascades and enduring motor and cognitive impairments after treatment in the acute phase of TBI, an exhaustive evaluation of their miRNA or protein cargo, and the effects of delayed EV administration post-TBI for reversing chronic neuroinflammation and enduring brain impairments, are needed. Moreover, the most beneficial route of administration for targeting EVs into different neural cells in the brain after TBI and the efficacy of well-characterized EVs from NSCs, astrocytes, or microglia derived from human pluripotent stem cells need to be evaluated. EV isolation methods for generating clinical-grade EVs must also be developed. Overall, NSC-EVs and ADEVs promise to mitigate TBI-induced brain dysfunction, but additional preclinical studies are needed before their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Hering
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ashok K Shetty
- Corresponding author: Ashok K. Shetty, MSc., PhD, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center School of Medicine, 1114 TAMU, 206 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA. Tel: +1 979 436 9653;
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34
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Vaidya M, Sreerama S, Gonzalez-Vega M, Smith J, Field M, Sugaya K. Coculture with Neural Stem Cells May Shift the Transcription Profile of Glioblastoma Multiforme towards Cancer-Specific Stemness. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043242. [PMID: 36834653 PMCID: PMC9962301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) possesses a small but significant population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) thought to play a role in its invasiveness, recurrence, and metastasis. The CSCs display transcriptional profiles for multipotency, self-renewal, tumorigenesis, and therapy resistance. There are two possible theories regarding the origin of CSCs in the context of neural stem cells (NSCs); i.e., NSCs modify cancer cells by conferring them with cancer-specific stemness, or NSCs themselves are transformed into CSCs due to the tumor environment created by cancer cells. To test the theories and to investigate the transcriptional regulation of the genes involved in CSC formation, we cocultured NSC and GBM cell lines together. Where genes related to cancer stemness, drug efflux, and DNA modification were upregulated in GBM, they were downregulated in NSCs upon coculture. These results indicate that cancer cells shift the transcriptional profile towards stemness and drug resistance in the presence of NSCs. Concurrently, GBM triggers NSCs differentiation. Because the cell lines were separated by a membrane (0.4 µm pore size) to prevent direct contact between GBM and NSCs, cell-secreted signaling molecules and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are likely involved in reciprocal communication between NSCs and GBM, causing transcription modification. Understanding the mechanism of CSC creation will aid in the identification of precise molecular targets within the CSCs to exterminate them, which, in turn, will increase the efficacy of chemo-radiation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjusha Vaidya
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Sandeep Sreerama
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Maxine Gonzalez-Vega
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Jonhoi Smith
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Melvin Field
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- Orlando Neurosurgery, AdventHealth Neuroscience Institute, Orlando, FL 32803, USA
| | - Kiminobu Sugaya
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- Correspondence:
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35
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Kodali M, Madhu LN, Reger RL, Milutinovic B, Upadhya R, Gonzalez JJ, Attaluri S, Shuai B, Gitai DLG, Rao S, Choi JM, Jung SY, Shetty AK. Intranasally administered human MSC-derived extracellular vesicles inhibit NLRP3-p38/MAPK signaling after TBI and prevent chronic brain dysfunction. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 108:118-134. [PMID: 36427808 PMCID: PMC9974012 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to lasting brain dysfunction with chronic neuroinflammation typified by nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in microglia. This study probed whether a single intranasal (IN) administration of human mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (hMSC-EVs) naturally enriched with activated microglia-modulating miRNAs can avert chronic adverse outcomes of TBI. Small RNA sequencing confirmed the enrichment of miRNAs capable of modulating activated microglia in hMSC-EV cargo. IN administration of hMSC-EVs into adult mice ninety minutes after the induction of a unilateral controlled cortical impact injury resulted in their incorporation into neurons and microglia in both injured and contralateral hemispheres. A single higher dose hMSC-EV treatment also inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation after TBI, evidenced by reduced NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD, activated caspase-1, interleukin-1 beta, and IL-18 levels in the injured brain. Such inhibition in the acute phase of TBI endured in the chronic phase, which could also be gleaned from diminished NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia of TBI mice receiving hMSC-EVs. Proteomic analysis and validation revealed that higher dose hMSC-EV treatment thwarted the chronic activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway by IL-18, which decreased the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Inhibition of the chronic activation of NLRP3-p38/MAPK signaling after TBI also prevented long-term cognitive and mood impairments. Notably, the animals receiving higher doses of hMSC-EVs after TBI displayed better cognitive and mood function in all behavioral tests than animals receiving the vehicle after TBI. A lower dose of hMSC-EV treatment also partially improved cognitive and mood function. Thus, an optimal IN dose of hMSC-EVs naturally enriched with activated microglia-modulating miRNAs can inhibit the chronic activation of NLRP3-p38/MAPK signaling after TBI and prevent lasting brain dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheedhar Kodali
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Leelavathi N Madhu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Roxanne L Reger
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Bojana Milutinovic
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Raghavendra Upadhya
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jenny J Gonzalez
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sahithi Attaluri
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Bing Shuai
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Daniel L G Gitai
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Shama Rao
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jong M Choi
- Advanced Technology Core, Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sung Y Jung
- The Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ashok K Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA.
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36
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Hajinejad M, Ebrahimzadeh MH, Ebrahimzadeh-Bideskan A, Rajabian A, Gorji A, Sahab Negah S. Exosomes and Nano-SDF Scaffold as a Cell-Free-Based Treatment Strategy Improve Traumatic Brain Injury Mechanisms by Decreasing Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Increasing Neurogenesis. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:1001-1018. [PMID: 36652144 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10483-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes a variety of complex pathological changes in brain parenchymal tissue by increasing neuroinflammatory and apoptosis responses. Currently, there is no treatment to resolve the consequences related to TBI. Recently, an extensive literature has grown up around the theme of bystander effects of stem cells, a mechanism of stem cells without the need for cell transplantation, which is called cell-free therapy. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the efficacy of a cell-free-based therapy strategy using exosomes derived from human neural stem cells (hNSCs) and a novel nano-scaffold in rats subjected to TBI. In this study, a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments from behavior tests to gene expression was performed to define the effect of exosomes in combination with a three-dimensional (3D) nano-scaffold containing a bio-motif of SDF1α (Nano-SDF). Application of exosomes with Nano-SDF significantly decreased oxidative stress in serum and brain samples. Moreover, treatment with exosomes and Nano-SDF significantly reduced the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 and its downstream signaling pathway, including NF-kβ and interleukin-1β. We also found that the cell-free-based therapy strategy could decrease reactive gliosis at the injury site. Interestingly, we showed that exosomes with Nano-SDF increased neurogenesis in the sub-ventricular zone of the lateral ventricle, indicating a bio-bridge mechanism. To sum up, the most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that a cell-free-based therapy strategy can be an effective option for future practice in the course of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hajinejad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Ebrahimzadeh-Bideskan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Arezoo Rajabian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Gorji
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.,Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149, Munster, Germany
| | - Sajad Sahab Negah
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Pardis Campus, Azadi Square, Kalantari Blvd, Mashhad, Iran.
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37
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Ni W, Ramalingam M, Li Y, Park JH, Dashnyam K, Lee JH, Bloise N, Fassina L, Visai L, De Angelis MGC, Pedraz JL, Kim HW, Hu J. Immunomodulatory and Anti-inflammatory effect of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells in the Central Nervous System. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:866-885. [PMID: 36650367 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10501-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a critical event that responds to disturbed homeostasis and governs various neurological diseases in the central nervous system (CNS). The excessive inflammatory microenvironment in the CNS can adversely affect endogenous neural stem cells, thereby impeding neural self-repair. Therapies with neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) have shown significant inhibitory effects on inflammation, which is mainly achieved through intercellular contact and paracrine signalings. The intercellular contact between NSPCs and immune cells, the activated CNS- resident microglia, and astrocyte plays a critical role in the therapeutic NSPCs homing and immunomodulatory effects. Moreover, the paracrine effect mainly regulates infiltrating innate and adaptive immune cells, activated microglia, and astrocyte through the secretion of bioactive molecules and extracellular vesicles. However, the molecular mechanism involved in the immunomodulatory effect of NSPCs is not well discussed. This article provides a systematic analysis of the immunomodulatory mechanism of NSPCs, discusses efficient ways to enhance its immunomodulatory ability, and gives suggestions on clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ni
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Murugan Ramalingam
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea. .,Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea. .,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yumeng Li
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hui Park
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Khandmaa Dashnyam
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Nora Bloise
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), INSTM UdR of Pavia, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fassina
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Livia Visai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), INSTM UdR of Pavia, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Jose Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea. .,Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jiabo Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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38
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Extracellular vesicles throughout development: A potential roadmap for emerging glioblastoma therapies. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 133:32-41. [PMID: 35697594 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-delimited vesicular bodies carrying different molecules, classified according to their size, density, cargo, and origin. Research on this topic has been actively growing through the years, as EVs are associated with critical pathological processes such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Despite that, studies exploring the physiological functions of EVs are sparse, with particular emphasis on their role in organismal development, initial cell differentiation, and morphogenesis. In this review, we explore the topic of EVs from a developmental perspective, discussing their role in the earliest cell-fate decisions and neural tissue morphogenesis. We focus on the function of EVs through development to highlight possible conserved or novel processes that can impact disease progression. Specifically, we take advantage of what was learned about their role in development so far to discuss EVs impact on glioblastoma, a particular brain tumor of stem-cell origin and poor prognosis, and how their function can be hijacked to improve current therapies.
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Chen LK, Zhu ZH, Jia F, Ahmed W, Zhang GL, Wang H, Lin CQ, Chen WH. Neural stem cell-derived exosome as a nano-sized carrier for BDNF delivery to a rat model of ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:404-409. [PMID: 35900437 PMCID: PMC9396474 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.346466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated the potential therapeutic role of human neural stem cell-derived exosomes (hNSC-Exo) in ischemic stroke. Here, we loaded brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) into exosomes derived from NSCs to construct engineered exosomes (BDNF-hNSC-Exo) and compared their effects with those of hNSC-Exo on ischemic stroke both in vitro and in vivo. In a model of H2O2-induced oxidative stress in NSCs, BDNF-hNSC-Exo markedly enhanced cell survival. In a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model, BDNF-hNSC-Exo not only inhibited the activation of microglia, but also promoted the differentiation of endogenous NSCs into neurons. These results suggest that BDNF can improve the function of NSC-derived exosomes in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Our research may support the clinical use of other neurotrophic factors for central nervous system diseases.
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40
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Xia X, Wang Y, Zheng JC. Extracellular vesicles, from the pathogenesis to the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:53. [PMID: 36510311 PMCID: PMC9743667 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small bilipid layer-enclosed vesicles that can be secreted by all tested types of brain cells. Being a key intercellular communicator, EVs have emerged as a key contributor to the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease through delivery of bioactive cargos within the central nervous system (CNS). Importantly, CNS cell-derived EVs can be purified via immunoprecipitation, and EV cargos with altered levels have been identified as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of NDs. Given the essential impact of EVs on the pathogenesis of NDs, pathological EVs have been considered as therapeutic targets and EVs with therapeutic effects have been utilized as potential therapeutic agents or drug delivery platforms for the treatment of NDs. In this review, we focus on recent research progress on the pathological roles of EVs released from CNS cells in the pathogenesis of NDs, summarize findings that identify CNS-derived EV cargos as potential biomarkers to diagnose NDs, and comprehensively discuss promising potential of EVs as therapeutic targets, agents, and drug delivery systems in treating NDs, together with current concerns and challenges for basic research and clinical applications of EVs regarding NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Xia
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072 China ,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, 200331 Shanghai, China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XKey Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065 Shanghai, China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200434 Shanghai, China ,grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065 China
| | - Yi Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, 200331 Shanghai, China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Translational Research Center, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201613 China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin C. Zheng
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072 China ,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, 200331 Shanghai, China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XKey Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065 Shanghai, China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200434 Shanghai, China ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China ,grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065 China
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Natale F, Fusco S, Grassi C. Dual role of brain-derived extracellular vesicles in dementia-related neurodegenerative disorders: cargo of disease spreading signals and diagnostic-therapeutic molecules. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:50. [PMID: 36437458 PMCID: PMC9701396 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00326-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are one of the most common causes of disability and represent 6.3% of the global burden of disease. Among them, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases cause cognitive decline, representing the most disabling symptom on both personal and social levels. The molecular mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of dementia are still poorly understood, and include secretory factors potentially affecting differentiated neurons, glial cells and neural stem cell niche. In the last decade, much attention has been devoted to exosomes as novel carriers of information exchanged among both neighbouring and distant cells. These vesicles can be generated and internalized by different brain cells including neurons, neural stem cells, astrocytes, and microglia, thereby affecting neural plasticity and cognitive functions in physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we review data on the roles of exosomes as carriers of bioactive molecules potentially involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders and detectable in biological fluids as biomarkers of dementia. We also discuss the experimental evidence of the therapeutic potential of stem cell-derived vesicles in experimental models of neurodegeneration-dependent cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Natale
- grid.8142.f0000 0001 0941 3192Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy ,grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Fusco
- grid.8142.f0000 0001 0941 3192Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy ,grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- grid.8142.f0000 0001 0941 3192Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy ,grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Sun K, Zheng X, Jin H, Yu F, Zhao W. Exosomes as CNS Drug Delivery Tools and Their Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102252. [PMID: 36297688 PMCID: PMC9609403 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases threaten the health of people all over the world. However, due to the structural and functional particularities of the brain and spinal cord, CNS-targeted drug development is rather challenging. Exosomes are small cellular vesicles with lipid bilayers that can be secreted by almost all cells and play important roles in intercellular communication. The advantages of low immunogenicity, the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, and the flexibility of drug encapsulation make them stand out among CNS drug delivery tools. Herein, we reviewed the research on exosomes in CNS drug delivery over the past decade and outlined the impact of the drug loading mode, administration route, and engineered modification on CNS targeting. Finally, we highlighted the problems and prospects of exosomes as CNS drug delivery tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xue Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongzhen Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (F.Y.)
| | - Fan Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300350, China
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (F.Y.)
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
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Leggio L, L'Episcopo F, Magrì A, Ulloa-Navas MJ, Paternò G, Vivarelli S, Bastos CAP, Tirolo C, Testa N, Caniglia S, Risiglione P, Pappalardo F, Serra A, García-Tárraga P, Faria N, Powell JJ, Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Pluchino S, García-Verdugo JM, Messina A, Marchetti B, Iraci N. Small Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Nigrostriatal Astrocytes Rescue Cell Death and Preserve Mitochondrial Function in Parkinson's Disease. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201203. [PMID: 35856921 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as powerful players in cell-to-cell communication both in healthy and diseased brain. In Parkinson's disease (PD)-characterized by selective dopaminergic neuron death in ventral midbrain (VMB) and degeneration of their terminals in striatum (STR)-astrocytes exert dual harmful/protective functions, with mechanisms not fully elucidated. Here, this study shows that astrocytes from the VMB-, STR-, and VMB/STR-depleted brains release a population of small EVs in a region-specific manner. Interestingly, VMB-astrocytes secreted the highest rate of EVs, which is further exclusively increased in response to CCL3, a chemokine that promotes robust dopaminergic neuroprotection in different PD models. The neuroprotective potential of nigrostriatal astrocyte-EVs is investigated in differentiated versus undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells exposed to oxidative stress and mitochondrial toxicity. EVs from both VMB- and STR-astrocytes counteract H2 O2 -induced caspase-3 activation specifically in differentiated cells, with EVs from CCL3-treated astrocytes showing a higher protective effect. High resolution respirometry further reveals that nigrostriatal astrocyte-EVs rescue neuronal mitochondrial complex I function impaired by the neurotoxin MPP+ . Notably, only EVs from VMB-astrocyte fully restore ATP production, again specifically in differentiated SH-SY5Y. These results highlight a regional diversity in the nigrostriatal system for the secretion and activities of astrocyte-EVs, with neuroprotective implications for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Leggio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Magrì
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95125, Italy
| | - María José Ulloa-Navas
- Laboratory of Compared Neurobiology, University of Valencia-CIBERNED, Paterna, 46980, Spain.,Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32257, USA
| | - Greta Paternò
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Silvia Vivarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Carlos A P Bastos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | | | - Nunzio Testa
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, 94018, Italy
| | | | - Pierpaolo Risiglione
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95125, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Pappalardo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | | | | | - Nuno Faria
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Jonathan J Powell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | | | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Angela Messina
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95125, Italy
| | - Bianca Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy.,Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, 94018, Italy
| | - Nunzio Iraci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
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Xu M, Chen G, Dong Y, Xiang S, Xue M, Liu Y, Song H, Song H, Wang Y. Stable expression of a truncated TLX variant drives differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into self-renewing neural stem cells for production of extracellular vesicles. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:436. [PMID: 36056423 PMCID: PMC9438273 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neural stem cells (NSCs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) possess great potential in treating severe neurological and cerebrovascular diseases, as they carry the modulatory and regenerative ingredients of NSCs. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived NSCs culture represents a sustainable source of therapeutic EVs. However, there exist two major challenges in obtaining a scalable culture of NSCs for high-efficiency EVs production: (1) the heterogeneity of iPSC-derived NSCs culture impairs the production of high-quality EVs and (2) the intrinsic propensity of neuronal or astroglial differentiation of NSCs during prolonged culturing reduces the number of NSCs for preparing EVs. A NSCs strain that is amenable to stable self-renewal and proliferation is thus greatly needed for scalable and long-term culture. Methods Various constructs of the genes encoding the orphan nuclear receptor NR2E1 (TLX) were stably transfected in iPSCs, which were subsequently cultured in a variety of differentiation media for generation of iNSCsTLX. Transcriptomic and biomarker profile of iNSCsTLX were investigated. In particular, the positivity ratios of Sox2/Nestin and Musashi/Vimentin were used to gauge the homogeneity of the iNSCsTLX culture. The iNSCs expressing a truncated version of TLX (TLX-TP) was expanded for up to 45 passages, after which its neuronal differentiation potential and EV activity were evaluated. Results Stable expression of TLX-TP could confer the iPSCs with rapid and self-driven differentiation into NSCs through stable passaging up to 225 days. The long-term culture of NSCs maintained the highly homogenous expression of NSC-specific biomarkers and potential of neuronal differentiation. EVs harvested from the TLX-expressing NSCs cultures exhibited anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. Conclusions iPSC-derived NSCs stably expressing TLX-TP is a promising cell line for scalable production of EVs, which should be further exploited for therapeutic development in neurological treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03131-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences(Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Gang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences(Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yanan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences(Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shensi Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences(Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Miaomiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences(Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yongxue Liu
- Anti-Radiation Medical Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Haijing Song
- Emergency Medicine, PLA Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Haifeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences(Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences(Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Kim HY, Kwon S, Um W, Shin S, Kim CH, Park JH, Kim BS. Functional Extracellular Vesicles for Regenerative Medicine. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106569. [PMID: 35322545 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The unique biological characteristics and promising clinical potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) have galvanized EV applications for regenerative medicine. Recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication, naturally secreted EVs have the potential, as innate biotherapeutics, to promote tissue regeneration. Although EVs have emerged as novel therapeutic agents, challenges related to the clinical transition have led to further functionalization. In recent years, various engineering approaches such as preconditioning, drug loading, and surface modification have been developed to potentiate the therapeutic outcomes of EVs. Also, limitations of natural EVs have been addressed by the development of artificial EVs that offer advantages in terms of production yield and isolation methodologies. In this review, an updated overview of current techniques is provided for the functionalization of natural EVs and recent advances in artificial EVs, particularly in the scope of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunglee Kwon
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Um
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Shin
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Ho Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Institute of Engineering Research, BioMAX, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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46
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Stem Cell Exosomes Improve Survival of Neural Stem Cells after Radiation Exposure. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 173:544-552. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05587-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Li C, Hu J, Liu W, Ke C, Huang C, Bai Y, Pan B, Wang J, Wan C. Exercise Intervention Modulates Synaptic Plasticity by Inhibiting Excessive Microglial Activation via Exosomes. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:953640. [PMID: 35928570 PMCID: PMC9345504 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.953640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes can activate microglia to modulate neural activity and synaptic plasticity by phagocytosis of neural spines or synapses. Our previous research found that an early 4-week exercise intervention in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats can promote the release of exosomes and protect the brain. This study intended to further explore the intrinsic mechanism of neuroprotection by exosome release after exercise. Methods Rats were randomly divided into four groups: the sham operation (SHAM), middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with sedentary intervention (SED-MCAO), MCAO with exercise intervention (EX-MCAO), and MCAO with exercise intervention and exosome injection (EX-MCAO-EXO). Modified neurological severity score (mNSS), cerebral infarction volume ratio, microglial activation, dendritic complexity, and expression of synaptophysin (Syn) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) were detected after 28 days of intervention. Results (1) The exercise improved body weight and mNSS score, and the survival state of the rats after exosome infusion was better. (2) Compared with the SED-MCAO group, the EX-MCAO (P = 0.039) and EX-MCAO-EXO groups (P = 0.002) had significantly lower cerebral infarct volume ratios (P < 0.05), among which the EX-MCAO-EXO group had the lowest (P = 0.031). (3) Compared with the SED-MCAO group, the EX-MCAO and EX-MCAO-EXO groups had a significantly decreased number of microglia (P < 0.001) and significantly increased process length/cell (P < 0.01) and end point/cell (P < 0.01) values, with the EX-MCAO-EXO group having the lowest number of microglia (P = 0.036) and most significantly increased end point/cell value (P = 0.027). (4) Compared with the SED-MCAO group, the total number of intersections and branches of the apical and basal dendrites in the EX-MCAO and EX-MCAO-EXO groups was increased significantly (P < 0.05), and the increase was more significant in the EX-MCAO-EXO group (P < 0.05). (5) The expression levels of Syn and PSD-95 in the EX-MCAO (PSyn = 0.043, PPSD−95 = 0.047) and EX-MCAO-EXO groups were significantly higher than those in the SED-MCAO group (P < 0.05), and the expression levels in the EX-MCAO-EXO group were significantly higher than those in the EX-MCAO group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Early exercise intervention after stroke can inhibit the excessive activation of microglia and regulate synaptic plasticity by exosome release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayi Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenhong Liu
- Tianjin Rehabilitation Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Changkai Ke
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuan Huang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yifan Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bingchen Pan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunxiao Wan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Chunxiao Wan
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48
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The neural stem cell secretome across neurodevelopment. Exp Neurol 2022; 355:114142. [PMID: 35709983 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cell (NSC) based therapies are at the forefront of regenerative medicine strategies to combat illness and injury of the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to their ability to produce new cells, NSCs secrete a variety of products, known collectively as the NSC secretome, that have been shown to ameliorate CNS disease pathology and promote recovery. As pre-clinical and clinical research to harness the NSC secretome for therapeutic purposes advances, a more thorough understanding of the endogenous NSC secretome can provide useful insight into the functional capabilities of NSCs. In this review, we focus on research investigating the autocrine and paracrine functions of the endogenous NSC secretome across life. Throughout development and adulthood, we find evidence that the NSC secretome is a critical component of how endogenous NSCs regulate themselves and their niche. We also find gaps in current literature, most notably in the clinically-relevant domain of endogenous NSC paracrine function in the injured CNS. Future investigations to further define the endogenous NSC secretome and its role in CNS tissue regulation are necessary to bolster our understanding of NSC-niche interactions and to aid in the generation of safe and effective NSC-based therapies.
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Dorostgou Z, Yadegar N, Dorostgou Z, Khorvash F, Vakili O. Novel insights into the role of circular RNAs in Parkinson disease: An emerging renaissance in the management of neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1775-1790. [PMID: 35642104 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), as a debilitating neurodegenerative disease, particularly affects the elderly population, and is clinically identified by resting tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Pathophysiologically, PD is characterized by an early loss of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia nigra pars compacta, accompanied by the extensive aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) in the form of Lewy bodies. The onset of PD has been reported to be influenced by multiple biological molecules. In this context, circular RNAs (circRNAs), as tissue-specific noncoding RNAs with closed structures, have been recently demonstrated to involve in a set of PD's pathogenic processes. These RNA molecules can either up- or downregulate the expression of α-Syn, as well as moderating its accumulation through different regulatory mechanisms, in which targeting microRNAs (miRNAs) is considered the most common pathway. Since circRNAs have prominent structural and biological characteristics, they could also be considered as promising candidates for PD diagnosis and treatment. Unfortunately, PD has become a global health concern, and a large number of its pathogenic processes are still unclear; thus, it is crucial to elucidate the ambiguous aspects of PD pathophysiology to improve the efficiency of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In line with this fact, the current review aims to highlight the interplay between circRNAs and PD pathogenesis, and then discusses the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of circRNAs in PD progression. This study will thus be the first of its kind reviewing the relationship between circRNAs and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Dorostgou
- Department of Biochemistry, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Negar Yadegar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zeynab Dorostgou
- Department of Biology, Kavian Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fariborz Khorvash
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Al-zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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50
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Upadhya R, Madhu LN, Rao S, Shetty AK. Proficiency of Extracellular Vesicles From hiPSC-Derived Neural Stem Cells in Modulating Proinflammatory Human Microglia: Role of Pentraxin-3 and miRNA-21-5p. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:845542. [PMID: 35656007 PMCID: PMC9152457 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.845542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) shed by human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neural stem cells (hNSC-EVs) have shown potent antiinflammatory properties in a mouse macrophage assay and a mouse model of acute neuroinflammation. They can also quickly permeate the entire brain after intranasal administration, making them attractive as an autologous or allogeneic off-the-shelf product for treating neurodegenerative diseases. However, their ability to modulate activated human microglia and specific proteins and miRNAs mediating antiinflammatory effects of hNSC-EVs are unknown. We investigated the proficiency of hNSC-EVs to modulate activated human microglia and probed the role of the protein pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and the miRNA miR-21-5p within hNSC-EVs in mediating the antiinflammatory effects. Mature microglia generated from hiPSCs (iMicroglia) expressed multiple microglia-specific markers. They responded to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interferon-gamma challenge by upregulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) mRNA expression and protein release. iMicroglia also exhibited proficiency to phagocytose amyloid-beta (Aβ). The addition of hNSC-EVs decreased TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA expression and the release of TNF-α and IL-1β by LPS-stimulated iMicroglia (proinflammatory human Microglia). However, the antiinflammatory activity of hNSC-EVs on LPS-stimulated microglia was considerably diminished when the PTX3 or miR-21-5p concentration was reduced in EVs. The results demonstrate that hNSC-EVs are proficient for modulating the proinflammatory human microglia into non-inflammatory phenotypes, implying their utility to treat neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, the role of PTX3 and miR-21-5p in the antiinflammatory activity of hNSC-EVs provides a new avenue for improving the antiinflammatory effects of hNSC-EVs through PTX3 and/or miR-21-5p overexpression.
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