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Mangiapane G, Notarangelo M, Canarutto G, Fabbiano F, Dalla E, Degrassi M, Antoniali G, Gualandi N, De Sanctis V, Piazza S, D'Agostino VG, Tell G. The DNA-repair protein APE1 participates with hnRNPA2B1 to motif-enriched and prognostic miRNA secretion. Oncogene 2024; 43:1861-1876. [PMID: 38664500 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The base excision repair (BER) Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) enzyme is endowed with several non-repair activities including miRNAs processing. APE1 is overexpressed in many cancers but its causal role in the tumorigenic processes is largely unknown. We recently described that APE1 can be actively secreted by mammalian cells through exosomes. However, APE1 role in EVs or exosomes is still unknown, especially regarding a putative regulatory function on vesicular small non-coding RNAs. Through dedicated transcriptomic analysis on cellular and vesicular small RNAs of different APE1-depleted cancer cell lines, we found that miRNAs loading into EVs is a regulated process, dependent on APE1, distinctly conveying RNA subsets into vesicles. We identified APE1-dependent secreted miRNAs characterized by enriched sequence motifs and possible binding sites for APE1. In 33 out of 34 APE1-dependent-miRNA precursors, we surprisingly found EXO-motifs and proved that APE1 cooperates with hnRNPA2B1 for the EV-sorting of a subset of miRNAs, including miR-1246, through direct binding to GGAG stretches. Using TCGA-datasets, we showed that these miRNAs identify a signature with high prognostic significance in cancer. In summary, we provided evidence that the ubiquitous DNA-repair enzyme APE1 is part of the EV protein cargo with a novel post-transcriptional role for this ubiquitous DNA-repair enzyme that could explain its role in cancer progression. These findings could open new translational perspectives in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Mangiapane
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Michela Notarangelo
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Giulia Canarutto
- Computational Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ICGEB, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Fabbiano
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Emiliano Dalla
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Monica Degrassi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giulia Antoniali
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Nicolò Gualandi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Veronica De Sanctis
- Next Generation Sequencing Facility, Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Silvano Piazza
- Computational Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ICGEB, Trieste, Italy.
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Vito Giuseppe D'Agostino
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Tell
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
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Kumar MA, Baba SK, Sadida HQ, Marzooqi SA, Jerobin J, Altemani FH, Algehainy N, Alanazi MA, Abou-Samra AB, Kumar R, Al-Shabeeb Akil AS, Macha MA, Mir R, Bhat AA. Extracellular vesicles as tools and targets in therapy for diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:27. [PMID: 38311623 PMCID: PMC10838959 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01735-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, membranous structures secreted into the extracellular space. They exhibit diverse sizes, contents, and surface markers and are ubiquitously released from cells under normal and pathological conditions. Human serum is a rich source of these EVs, though their isolation from serum proteins and non-EV lipid particles poses challenges. These vesicles transport various cellular components such as proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, DNA, and lipids across distances, influencing numerous physiological and pathological events, including those within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Their pivotal roles in cellular communication make EVs promising candidates for therapeutic agents, drug delivery systems, and disease biomarkers. Especially in cancer diagnostics, EV detection can pave the way for early identification and offers potential as diagnostic biomarkers. Moreover, various EV subtypes are emerging as targeted drug delivery tools, highlighting their potential clinical significance. The need for non-invasive biomarkers to monitor biological processes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes remains unfulfilled. Tapping into the unique composition of EVs could unlock advanced diagnostic and therapeutic avenues in the future. In this review, we discuss in detail the roles of EVs across various conditions, including cancers (encompassing head and neck, lung, gastric, breast, and hepatocellular carcinoma), neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, viral infections, autoimmune and renal diseases, emphasizing the potential advancements in molecular diagnostics and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir A Kumar
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir, 192122, India
| | - Sadaf K Baba
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir, 192122, India
| | - Hana Q Sadida
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara Al Marzooqi
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jayakumar Jerobin
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Faisal H Altemani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naseh Algehainy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Alanazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Badi Abou-Samra
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India
| | - Ammira S Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir, 192122, India
| | - Rashid Mir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
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Desai N, Katare P, Makwana V, Salave S, Vora LK, Giri J. Tumor-derived systems as novel biomedical tools-turning the enemy into an ally. Biomater Res 2023; 27:113. [PMID: 37946275 PMCID: PMC10633998 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex illness that presents significant challenges in its understanding and treatment. The classic definition, "a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body," fails to convey the intricate interaction between the many entities involved in cancer. Recent advancements in the field of cancer research have shed light on the role played by individual cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment as a whole in tumor development and progression. This breakthrough enables the utilization of the tumor and its components as biological tools, opening new possibilities. This article delves deeply into the concept of "tumor-derived systems", an umbrella term for tools sourced from the tumor that aid in combatting it. It includes cancer cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (for tumor theranostics), extracellular vesicles (for tumor diagnosis/therapy), tumor cell lysates (for cancer vaccine development), and engineered cancer cells/organoids (for cancer research). This review seeks to offer a complete overview of the tumor-derived materials that are utilized in cancer research, as well as their current stages of development and implementation. It is aimed primarily at researchers working at the interface of cancer biology and biomedical engineering, and it provides vital insights into this fast-growing topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimeet Desai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Pratik Katare
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Vaishali Makwana
- Center for Interdisciplinary Programs, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Sagar Salave
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gujarat, India
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Jyotsnendu Giri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India.
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Mugoni V, Ciani Y, Quaini O, Tomasini S, Notarangelo M, Vannuccini F, Marinelli A, Leonardi E, Pontalti S, Martinelli A, Rossetto D, Pesce I, Mansy SS, Barbareschi M, Ferro A, Caffo O, Attard G, Di Vizio D, D'Agostino VG, Nardella C, Demichelis F. Integrating extracellular vesicle and circulating cell-free DNA analysis using a single plasma aliquot improves the detection of HER2 positivity in breast cancer patients. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e108. [PMID: 38046436 PMCID: PMC10688391 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Multi-analyte liquid biopsies represent an emerging opportunity for non-invasive cancer assessment. We developed ONCE (One Aliquot for Circulating Elements), an approach for the isolation of extracellular vesicles (EV) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from a single aliquot of blood. We assessed ONCE performance to classify HER2-positive early-stage breast cancer (BrCa) patients by combining EV-associated RNA (EV-RNA) and cfDNA signals on n = 64 healthy donors (HD) and non-metastatic BrCa patients. Specifically, we isolated EV-enriched samples by a charge-based (CB) method and investigated EV-RNA and cfDNA by next-generation sequencing (NGS) and by digital droplet PCR (ddPCR). Sequencing of cfDNA and EV-RNA from HER2- and HER2+ patients demonstrated concordance with in situ molecular analyses of matched tissues. Combined analysis of the two circulating analytes by ddPCR showed increased sensitivity in ERBB2/HER2 detection compared to single nucleic acid components. Multi-analyte liquid biopsy prediction performance was comparable to tissue-based sequencing results from TCGA. Also, imaging flow cytometry analysis revealed HER2 protein on the surface of EV isolated from the HER2+ BrCa plasma, thus corroborating the potential relevance of studying EV as companion analyte to cfDNA. This data confirms the relevance of combining cfDNA and EV-RNA for HER2 cancer assessment and supports ONCE as a valuable tool for multi-analytes liquid biopsies' clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Mugoni
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative BiologyUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Yari Ciani
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative BiologyUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Orsetta Quaini
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative BiologyUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Simone Tomasini
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative BiologyUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Michela Notarangelo
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative BiologyUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Federico Vannuccini
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative BiologyUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Alessia Marinelli
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative BiologyUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Elena Leonardi
- Unit of Surgical Pathology, Santa Chiara Hospital, APSSTrentoItaly
| | - Stefano Pontalti
- Department of Medical OncologySanta Chiara Hospital, APSSTrentoItaly
| | - Angela Martinelli
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative BiologyUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Daniele Rossetto
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative BiologyUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Isabella Pesce
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative BiologyUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Sheref S. Mansy
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative BiologyUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | | | - Antonella Ferro
- Department of Medical OncologySanta Chiara Hospital, APSSTrentoItaly
| | - Orazio Caffo
- Department of Medical OncologySanta Chiara Hospital, APSSTrentoItaly
| | | | - Dolores Di Vizio
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cancer Biology and TherapeuticsCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Caterina Nardella
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative BiologyUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Francesca Demichelis
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative BiologyUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly
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Hui J, Zhou M, An G, Zhang H, Lu Y, Wang X, Zhao X. Regulatory role of exosomes in colorectal cancer progression and potential as biomarkers. Cancer Biol Med 2023; 20:j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0119. [PMID: 37553810 PMCID: PMC10476469 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains an enormous challenge to human health worldwide. Unfortunately, the mechanism underlying CRC progression is not well understood. Mounting evidence has confirmed that exosomes play a vital role in CRC progression, which has attracted extensive attention among researchers. In addition to acting as messengers between CRC cells, exosomes also participate in the CRC immunomodulatory process and reshape immune function. As stable message carriers and liquid biopsy option under development, exosomes are promising biomarkers in the diagnosis or treatment of CRC. In this review we have described and analyzed the biogenesis and release of exosomes and current research on the role of exosomes in immune regulation and metastasis of CRC. Moreover, we have discussed candidate exosomal molecules as potential biomarkers to diagnose CRC, predict CRC progression, or determine CRC chemoresistance, and described the significance of exosomes in the immunotherapy of CRC. This review provides insight to further understand the role of exosomes in CRC progression and identify valuable biomarkers that facilitate the clinical management of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Mingzhen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Guangzhou An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Xiaodi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
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Zheng F, Wang J, Wang D, Yang Q. Clinical Application of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Gynecologic Malignancy Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15071984. [PMID: 37046644 PMCID: PMC10093031 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are the key mediators of intercellular communication. They have the potential for clinical use as diagnostic or therapeutic biomarkers and have been explored as vectors for drug delivery. Identification of reliable and noninvasive biomarkers, such as sEVs, is important for early diagnosis and precise treatment of gynecologic diseases to improve patient prognosis. Previous reviews have summarized routine sEVs isolation and identification methods; however, novel and unconventional methods have not been comprehensively described. This review summarizes a convenient method of isolating sEVs from body fluids and liquid biopsy-related sEV markers for early, minimally invasive diagnosis of gynecologic diseases. In addition, the characteristics of sEVs as drug carriers and in precision treatment and drug resistance are introduced, providing a strong foundation for identifying novel and potential therapeutic targets for sEV therapy. We propose potential directions for further research on the applications of sEVs in the diagnosis and treatment of gynecologic diseases.
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7
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Li L, Zhang L, Montgomery KC, Jiang L, Lyon CJ, Hu TY. Advanced technologies for molecular diagnosis of cancer: State of pre-clinical tumor-derived exosome liquid biopsies. Mater Today Bio 2023; 18:100538. [PMID: 36619206 PMCID: PMC9812720 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are membrane-defined extracellular vesicles (EVs) approximately 40-160 nm in diameter that are found in all body fluids including blood, urine, and saliva. They act as important vehicles for intercellular communication between both local and distant cells and can serve as circulating biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Exosomes play a key role in tumor metastasis, are abundant in biofluids, and stabilize biomarkers they carry, and thus can improve cancer detection, treatment monitoring, and cancer staging/prognosis. Despite their clinical potential, lack of sensitive/specific biomarkers and sensitive isolation/enrichment and analytical technologies has posed a barrier to clinical translation of exosomes. This review presents a critical overview of technologies now being used to detect tumor-derived exosome (TDE) biomarkers in clinical specimens that have potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lili Zhang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- HCA Florida Healthcare Westside/Northwest Hospital Internal Medicine, Plantation, Florida, USA
| | - Katelynn C. Montgomery
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Christopher J. Lyon
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tony Y. Hu
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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8
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Lucotti S, Kenific CM, Zhang H, Lyden D. Extracellular vesicles and particles impact the systemic landscape of cancer. EMBO J 2022; 41:e109288. [PMID: 36052513 PMCID: PMC9475536 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular cross talk between cancer cells and stromal and immune cells is essential for tumor progression and metastasis. Extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) are a heterogeneous class of secreted messengers that carry bioactive molecules and that have been shown to be crucial for this cell-cell communication. Here, we highlight the multifaceted roles of EVPs in cancer. Functionally, transfer of EVP cargo between cells influences tumor cell growth and invasion, alters immune cell composition and function, and contributes to stromal cell activation. These EVP-mediated changes impact local tumor progression, foster cultivation of pre-metastatic niches at distant organ-specific sites, and mediate systemic effects of cancer. Furthermore, we discuss how exploiting the highly selective enrichment of molecules within EVPs has profound implications for advancing diagnostic and prognostic biomarker development and for improving therapy delivery in cancer patients. Altogether, these investigations into the role of EVPs in cancer have led to discoveries that hold great promise for improving cancer patient care and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Lucotti
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Candia M Kenific
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - David Lyden
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
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Expression of Cellular and Extracellular TERRA, TERC and TERT in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116183. [PMID: 35682861 PMCID: PMC9181112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs are transcribed from telomeres and the telomeric repeat-containing RNAs (TERRA) are implicated in telomere homeostasis and in cancer. In this study, we aimed to assess in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) the cellular and extracellular expression of TERRA, the telomerase RNA subunit (TERC) and the telomerase catalytic subunit (TERT). We determined by qPCR the expression level of TERRA 1_2_10_13q, TERRA 15q, TERRA XpYp, TERC and of TERT mRNA in HCC tissues and in the plasma of HCC patients. Further, we profiled the same transcripts in the HCC cell lines, HA22T/VGH and SKHep1C3, and in the extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from their secretomes. We found that the expression of TERRA and TERT mRNA was significantly deregulated in HCC, being TERRA downregulated and TERT mRNA upregulated in HCC tissues vs. the peritumoral (PT) ones, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses revealed a significant ability in discriminating HCC from PT tissue. Further, the determinations of circulating TERRA and TERC showed higher amounts of these transcripts in the plasma of HCC patients vs. controls and ROC analyses gave significant results. The expression characterization of the cultured HCC cells showed their ability to produce and secrete TERRA and TERC into the EVs; the ability to produce TERT mRNA that was not detectable in the EVs; and the ability to respond to sorafenib treatment increasing TERRA expression. Our results highlight that: (i) both cellular and extracellular expressions of TERRA and TERC are dysregulated in HCC as well as the cellular expression of TERT mRNA and (ii) the combined detection of TERRA and TERC in plasma may represent a promising approach for non-invasive diagnostic molecular indicators of HCC.
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10
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Biagini V, Busi F, Anelli V, Kerschbamer E, Baghini M, Gurrieri E, Notarangelo M, Pesce I, van Niel G, D’Agostino VG, Mione M. Zebrafish Melanoma-Derived Interstitial EVs Are Carriers of ncRNAs That Induce Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105510. [PMID: 35628321 PMCID: PMC9143139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous particles released by all cell types. Their role as functional carrier of bioactive molecules is boosted by cells that actively secrete them in biological fluids or in the intercellular space (interstitial EVs, iEVs). Here we have optimised a method for the isolation and characterization of zebrafish iEVs from whole melanoma tissues. Zebrafish melanoma iEVs are around 140 nm in diameter, as determined by nanoparticle tracking and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Western blot analysis shows enrichment for CD63 and Alix in the iEV fraction, but not in melanoma cell lysates. Super resolution and confocal microscopy reveal that purified zebrafish iEVs are green fluorescent protein positive (GFP+), indicating that they integrate the oncogene GFP-HRASV12G used to induce melanoma in this model within their vesicular membrane or luminal content. Analysis of RNA-Seq data found 118 non-coding (nc)RNAs differentially distributed between zebrafish melanoma and their iEVs, with only 17 of them being selectively enriched in iEVs. Among these, the RNA components of RNAses P and MRP, which process ribosomal RNA precursors, mitochondrial RNAs, and some mRNAs, were enriched in zebrafish and human melanoma EVs, but not in iEVs extracted from brain tumours. We found that melanoma iEVs induce an inflammatory response when injected in larvae, with increased expression of interferon responsive genes, and this effect is reproduced by MRP- or P-RNAs injected into circulation. This suggests that zebrafish melanoma iEVs are a source of MRP- and P-RNAs that can trigger inflammation in cells of the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Biagini
- Experimental Cancer Biology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (Cibio), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (V.B.); (F.B.); (V.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Federica Busi
- Experimental Cancer Biology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (Cibio), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (V.B.); (F.B.); (V.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Viviana Anelli
- Experimental Cancer Biology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (Cibio), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (V.B.); (F.B.); (V.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Emanuela Kerschbamer
- Bioinformatic Facility, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (Cibio), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Marta Baghini
- Experimental Cancer Biology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (Cibio), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (V.B.); (F.B.); (V.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Elena Gurrieri
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (Cibio), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (E.G.); (M.N.); (V.G.D.)
| | - Michela Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (Cibio), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (E.G.); (M.N.); (V.G.D.)
| | - Isabella Pesce
- Cell Analysis and Separation Core Facility, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (Cibio), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Guillaume van Niel
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Université de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France;
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Vito G. D’Agostino
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (Cibio), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (E.G.); (M.N.); (V.G.D.)
| | - Marina Mione
- Experimental Cancer Biology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (Cibio), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (V.B.); (F.B.); (V.A.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Xu H, Li M, Pan Z, Zhang Z, Gao Z, Zhao R, Li B, Qi Y, Qiu W, Guo Q, Zhang S, Fan Y, Zhao S, Wang S, Guo X, Deng L, Xue H, Li G. miR-3184-3p enriched in CSF exosomes contribute to progression of glioma and promotes M2-like macrophage polarization. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:2668-2680. [PMID: 35411604 PMCID: PMC9357622 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is a novel strategy for tumour diagnosis. The contents of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exosomes could reflect glioma status, hence sampling exosomes from CSF is a means of liquid biopsy for glioma. However, few studies have focused on the function of microRNAs in CSF exosomes. In this study, we found that miR‐3184‐3p was enriched in CSF exosomes in glioma patients and was downregulated after tumour resection. We found that miR‐3184 facilitates glioma progression in two ways. On the one hand, miR‐3184 directly promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion while inhibiting apoptosis in glioma. On the other hand, miR‐3184 in glioma‐derived exosomes polarizes macrophages to an M2‐like phenotype, which further aggravates tumour progression. Overall, the current findings uncovered a new mechanism and highlighted the significant role of miR‐3184 in glioma progression. Furthermore, exosomal miR‐3184 could be a considerable factor with potential applications in glioma diagnosis and treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 250012, Shandong, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, 250012, Shandong, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Taian City Centeral Hospital of Qingdao University, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Ziwen Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zongpu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zijie Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Rongrong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Boyan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yanhua Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qindong Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shouji Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shulin Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shaobo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xing Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, 250012, Shandong, China
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12
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Wang T, Xing Y, Cheng Z, Yu F. Analysis of Single Extracellular Vesicles for Biomedical Applications with Especial Emphasis on Cancer Investigations. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Holcar M, Kandušer M, Lenassi M. Blood Nanoparticles - Influence on Extracellular Vesicle Isolation and Characterization. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:773844. [PMID: 34867406 PMCID: PMC8635996 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.773844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood is a rich source of disease biomarkers, which include extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are nanometer-to micrometer-sized spherical particles that are enclosed by a phospholipid bilayer and are secreted by most cell types. EVs reflect the physiological cell of origin in terms of their molecular composition and biophysical characteristics, and they accumulate in blood even when released from remote organs or tissues, while protecting their cargo from degradation. The molecular components (e.g., proteins, miRNAs) and biophysical characteristics (e.g., size, concentration) of blood EVs have been studied as biomarkers of cancers and neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and cardiovascular diseases. However, most biomarker studies do not address the problem of contaminants in EV isolates from blood plasma, and how these might affect downstream EV analysis. Indeed, nonphysiological EVs, protein aggregates, lipoproteins and viruses share many molecular and/or biophysical characteristics with EVs, and can therefore co-isolate with EVs from blood plasma. Consequently, isolation and downstream analysis of EVs from blood plasma remain a unique challenge, with important impacts on the outcomes of biomarker studies. To help improve rigor, reproducibility, and reliability of EV biomarker studies, we describe here the major contaminants of EV isolates from blood plasma, and we report on how different EV isolation methods affect their levels, and how contaminants that remain can affect the interpretation of downstream EV analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Holcar
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maša Kandušer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Lenassi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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14
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Ulivi P, Passardi A, Marisi G, Chiadini E, Molinari C, Canale M, Pasini L, Ferroni F, Frassineti GL, Bartolini G, Monti M. Case Report: The Added Value of Liquid Biopsy in Advanced Colorectal Cancer From Clinical Case Experiences. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:745701. [PMID: 34858176 PMCID: PMC8631449 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.745701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy represents a valid strategy for tumor molecular characterization. It gives the opportunity to bypass tumor heterogeneity, to monitor tumor characteristics during the course of treatment, and to perform the analysis even when tumor tissue is not available or inadequate. In the clinical practice of metastatic colorectal cancer, tumor molecular characterization is crucial for patient management, as RAS and BRAF status could influence the treatment choice. Although for this type of cancer tumor tissue is usually available at diagnosis, liquid biopsy could give complementary information and could permit monitoring of the mutation status during the course of treatment. At present, there are no clinical indications for its use in clinical practice. However, we report four clinical cases for which liquid biopsy analysis gave integrative information with respect to tumor tissue characterization, which permits us to understand the unresponsiveness of patients to treatment, with potential implications in patient's management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ulivi
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola (FC), Italy
| | - Alessandro Passardi
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola (FC), Italy
| | - Giorgia Marisi
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola (FC), Italy
| | - Elisa Chiadini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola (FC), Italy
| | - Chiara Molinari
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola (FC), Italy
| | - Matteo Canale
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola (FC), Italy
| | - Luigi Pasini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola (FC), Italy
| | - Fabio Ferroni
- Radiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola (FC), Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Frassineti
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola (FC), Italy
| | - Giulia Bartolini
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola (FC), Italy
| | - Manlio Monti
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola (FC), Italy
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15
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Ghoroghi S, Mary B, Asokan N, Goetz JG, Hyenne V. Tumor extracellular vesicles drive metastasis (it's a long way from home). FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:930-943. [PMID: 34761175 PMCID: PMC8565230 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among a plethora of functions, extracellular vesicles released by primary tumors spread in the organism and reach distant organs where they can induce the formation of a premetastatic niche. This constitutes a favorable microenvironment for circulating tumor cells which facilitates their seeding and colonization. In this review, we describe the journey of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from the primary tumor to the future metastatic organ, with a focus on the mechanisms used by EVs to target organs with a specific tropism (i.e., organotropism). We then highlight important tumor EV cargos in the context of premetastatic niche formation and summarize their known effects on extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, vessel permeabilization, resident cell activation, recruitment of foreign cells, and ultimately the formation of a pro-inflammatory and immuno-tolerant microenvironment. Finally, we discuss current experimental limitations and remaining opened questions in light of metastatic diagnosis and potential therapies targeting PMN formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Ghoroghi
- Tumor Biomechanics INSERM UMR_S1109 Strasbourg France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) Strasbourg France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer Strasbourg France
| | - Benjamin Mary
- Tumor Biomechanics INSERM UMR_S1109 Strasbourg France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) Strasbourg France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer Strasbourg France
| | - Nandini Asokan
- Tumor Biomechanics INSERM UMR_S1109 Strasbourg France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) Strasbourg France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer Strasbourg France
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- Tumor Biomechanics INSERM UMR_S1109 Strasbourg France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) Strasbourg France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer Strasbourg France
| | - Vincent Hyenne
- Tumor Biomechanics INSERM UMR_S1109 Strasbourg France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) Strasbourg France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer Strasbourg France
- CNRS SNC5055 Strasbourg France
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16
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Pasetto L, Callegaro S, Corbelli A, Fiordaliso F, Ferrara D, Brunelli L, Sestito G, Pastorelli R, Bianchi E, Cretich M, Chiari M, Potrich C, Moglia C, Corbo M, Sorarù G, Lunetta C, Calvo A, Chiò A, Mora G, Pennuto M, Quattrone A, Rinaldi F, D'Agostino VG, Basso M, Bonetto V. Decoding distinctive features of plasma extracellular vesicles in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:52. [PMID: 34376243 PMCID: PMC8353748 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00470-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multifactorial, multisystem motor neuron disease for which currently there is no effective treatment. There is an urgent need to identify biomarkers to tackle the disease's complexity and help in early diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanostructures released by any cell type into body fluids. Their biophysical and biochemical characteristics vary with the parent cell's physiological and pathological state and make them an attractive source of multidimensional data for patient classification and stratification. METHODS We analyzed plasma-derived EVs of ALS patients (n = 106) and controls (n = 96), and SOD1G93A and TDP-43Q331K mouse models of ALS. We purified plasma EVs by nickel-based isolation, characterized their EV size distribution and morphology respectively by nanotracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy, and analyzed EV markers and protein cargos by Western blot and proteomics. We used machine learning techniques to predict diagnosis and prognosis. RESULTS Our procedure resulted in high-yield isolation of intact and polydisperse plasma EVs, with minimal lipoprotein contamination. EVs in the plasma of ALS patients and the two mouse models of ALS had a distinctive size distribution and lower HSP90 levels compared to the controls. In terms of disease progression, the levels of cyclophilin A with the EV size distribution distinguished fast and slow disease progressors, a possibly new means for patient stratification. Immuno-electron microscopy also suggested that phosphorylated TDP-43 is not an intravesicular cargo of plasma-derived EVs. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis unmasked features in plasma EVs of ALS patients with potential straightforward clinical application. We conceived an innovative mathematical model based on machine learning which, by integrating EV size distribution data with protein cargoes, gave very high prediction rates for disease diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pasetto
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Callegaro
- Department of Mathematics "Tullio Levi-Civita", University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Fiordaliso
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Deborah Ferrara
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Laura Brunelli
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Sestito
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Bianchi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Cretich
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Chiari
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Potrich
- Centre for Materials and Microsystems, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy.,Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Trento, Italy
| | - Cristina Moglia
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Massimo Corbo
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico (CCP), Milan, Italy
| | - Gianni Sorarù
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35122, Padova, Italy
| | - Christian Lunetta
- NEuroMuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Serena Onlus Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Calvo
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Adriano Chiò
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriele Mora
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Pennuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DBS), University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35129, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Quattrone
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesco Rinaldi
- Department of Mathematics "Tullio Levi-Civita", University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Vito Giuseppe D'Agostino
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Manuela Basso
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
| | - Valentina Bonetto
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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17
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Qiu W, Guo X, Li B, Wang J, Qi Y, Chen Z, Zhao R, Deng L, Qian M, Wang S, Zhang Z, Guo Q, Zhang S, Pan Z, Zhao S, Xue H, Li G. Exosomal miR-1246 from glioma patient body fluids drives the differentiation and activation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Mol Ther 2021; 29:3449-3464. [PMID: 34217892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a heterogeneous cellular environment in which immune cells play critical roles in tumor progression. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) contribute to the formation of the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioma; however, how glioma cells interact with MDSCs and how this interaction affects the function of other immune cells are unclear. Glioma cells can systemically communicate with immune cells via the secretion of exosomes, which contain miRNAs. Leveraging miRNA sequencing of exosomes, we identified enrichment of miR-1246 in glioma-derived exosomes and exosomes isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of glioma patients. We demonstrated that miR-1246 drives the differentiation and activation of MDSCs in a dual specificity phosphatase 3 (DUSP3)/ERK-dependent manner. In addition, postoperative CSF exosomal miR-1246 expression was found to be associated with the glioma recurrence rate. Hypoxia, a well-recognized feature of the glioblastoma microenvironment, increased miR-1246 levels in glioma-derived exosomes by enhancing miR-1246 transcription and selective packaging via upregulation of POU class 5 homeobox 1 (POU5F1) and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1). Importantly, we identified a mechanism of 2-Methoxyestradiol, a microtubule inhibitor currently undergoing clinical trials for glioblastoma. 2-Methoxyestradiol suppresses MDSC activation by inhibiting hypoxia-driven exosomal miR-1246 expression in glioma cells and PD-L1 expression in MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China;; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaofan Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China;; Department of Neurology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, 92350, California, USA
| | - Boyan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China;; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China;; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Yanhua Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China;; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zihang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China;; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Rongrong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China;; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China;; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Mingyu Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China;; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shaobo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China;; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zongpu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China;; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qindong Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China;; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shouji Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China;; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ziwen Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China;; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shulin Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China;; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China;; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China;; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
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18
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Bordanaba-Florit G, Royo F, Kruglik SG, Falcón-Pérez JM. Using single-vesicle technologies to unravel the heterogeneity of extracellular vesicles. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:3163-3185. [PMID: 34135505 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00551-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous lipid containers with a complex molecular cargo comprising several populations with unique roles in biological processes. These vesicles are closely associated with specific physiological features, which makes them invaluable in the detection and monitoring of various diseases. EVs play a key role in pathophysiological processes by actively triggering genetic or metabolic responses. However, the heterogeneity of their structure and composition hinders their application in medical diagnosis and therapies. This diversity makes it difficult to establish their exact physiological roles, and the functions and composition of different EV (sub)populations. Ensemble averaging approaches currently employed for EV characterization, such as western blotting or 'omics' technologies, tend to obscure rather than reveal these heterogeneities. Recent developments in single-vesicle analysis have made it possible to overcome these limitations and have facilitated the development of practical clinical applications. In this review, we discuss the benefits and challenges inherent to the current methods for the analysis of single vesicles and review the contribution of these approaches to the understanding of EV biology. We describe the contributions of these recent technological advances to the characterization and phenotyping of EVs, examination of the role of EVs in cell-to-cell communication pathways and the identification and validation of EVs as disease biomarkers. Finally, we discuss the potential of innovative single-vesicle imaging and analysis methodologies using microfluidic devices, which promise to deliver rapid and effective basic and practical applications for minimally invasive prognosis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Bordanaba-Florit
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain.
| | - Félix Royo
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergei G Kruglik
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, Paris, France
| | - Juan M Falcón-Pérez
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Madrid, Spain. .,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
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19
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Pasini L, Notarangelo M, Vagheggini A, Burgio MA, Crinò L, Chiadini E, Prochowski AI, Delmonte A, Ulivi P, D'Agostino VG. Unveiling mutational dynamics in non-small cell lung cancer patients by quantitative EGFR profiling in vesicular RNA. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:2423-2438. [PMID: 33942501 PMCID: PMC8410558 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mutational status of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) guides the stratification of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients for treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). A liquid biopsy test on cell‐free DNA is recommended as a clinical decision‐supporting tool, although it has limited sensitivity. Here, we comparatively investigated the extracellular vesicle (EV)‐RNA as an independent source for multidimensional and longitudinal EGFR profiling in a cohort of 27 NSCLC patients. We introduced and validated a new rapid, highly specific EV‐RNA test with wild‐type (WT) and mutant‐sensitive probes (E746‐A750del, L858R, and T790M). We included a cohort of 20 NSCLC patients with EGFR WT tumor tissues and systematically performed molecular EV‐RNA and circulating tumor DNA analyses with clinical data statistics and biophysical profiles of EVs. At the single‐patient level, we detected variegated tumor heterogeneity dynamics supported by combinations of driver EGFR mutations. EV‐RNA‐based mutation analysis showed an unprecedented sensitivity of over 90%. The resistance‐associated mutation T790M frequently pre‐existed at baseline with a gained EV‐transcript copy number at progression, while the general mutational burden was mostly decreasing during the intermediate follow‐up. The biophysical profile of EVs and the quantitative assessment of T790M revealed an association with tumor size determined by the sum of the longest diameters in target lesions. Vesicular RNA provides a validated tool suitable for use in clinical practice to investigate the dynamics of common driver EGFR mutations in NSCLC patients receiving TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Pasini
- Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Michela Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vagheggini
- Unit of Biostatistics, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Marco Angelo Burgio
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Lucio Crinò
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Elisa Chiadini
- Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Andrea Iamurri Prochowski
- Radiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Angelo Delmonte
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Paola Ulivi
- Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Vito Giuseppe D'Agostino
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Italy
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20
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Mangiapane G, Parolini I, Conte K, Malfatti MC, Corsi J, Sanchez M, Pietrantoni A, D'Agostino VG, Tell G. Enzymatically active apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 is released by mammalian cells through exosomes. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100569. [PMID: 33753167 PMCID: PMC8080531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 (APE1), the main AP-endonuclease of the DNA base excision repair pathway, is a key molecule of interest to researchers due to its unsuspected roles in different nonrepair activities, such as: i) adaptive cell response to genotoxic stress, ii) regulation of gene expression, and iii) processing of microRNAs, which make it an excellent drug target for cancer treatment. We and others recently demonstrated that APE1 can be secreted in the extracellular environment and that serum APE1 may represent a novel prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular and non-small-cell lung cancers. However, the mechanism by which APE1 is released extracellularly was not described before. Here, using three different approaches for exosomes isolation: commercial kit, nickel-based isolation, and ultracentrifugation methods and various mammalian cell lines, we elucidated the mechanisms responsible for APE1 secretion. We demonstrated that APE1 p37 and p33 forms are actively secreted through extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes from different mammalian cell lines. We then observed that APE1 p33 form is generated by proteasomal-mediated degradation and is enzymatically active in EVs. Finally, we revealed that the p33 form of APE1 accumulates in EVs upon genotoxic treatment by cisplatin and doxorubicin, compounds commonly found in chemotherapy pharmacological treatments. Taken together, these findings provide for the first time evidence that a functional Base Excision Repair protein is delivered through exosomes in response to genotoxic stresses, shedding new light into the complex noncanonical biological functions of APE1 and opening new intriguing perspectives on its role in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Mangiapane
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Isabella Parolini
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Kristel Conte
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Matilde Clarissa Malfatti
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Jessica Corsi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | | | - Vito G D'Agostino
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tell
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
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21
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Detection and Investigation of Extracellular Vesicles in Serum and Urine Supernatant of Prostate Cancer Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030466. [PMID: 33800141 PMCID: PMC7998238 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate Cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently identified urological cancers. PCa patients are often over-diagnosed due to still not highly specific diagnostic methods. The need for more accurate diagnostic tools to prevent overestimated diagnosis and unnecessary treatment of patients with non-malignant conditions is clear, and new markers and methods are strongly desirable. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great promises as liquid biopsy-based markers. Despite the biological and technical issues present in their detection and study, these particles can be found highly abundantly in the biofluid and encompass a wealth of macromolecules that have been reported to be related to many physiological and pathological processes, including cancer onset, metastasis spreading, and treatment resistance. The present study aims to perform a technical feasibility study to develop a new workflow for investigating EVs from several biological sources. Serum and urinary supernatant EVs of PCa, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients, and healthy donors were isolated and investigated by a fast, easily performable, and cost-effective cytofluorimetric approach for a multiplex detection of 37 EV-antigens. We also observed significant alterations in serum and urinary supernatant EVs potentially related to BPH and PCa, suggesting a potential clinical application of this workflow.
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22
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Extracellular Vesicles: Novel Roles in Neurological Disorders. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6640836. [PMID: 33679989 PMCID: PMC7904361 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6640836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by almost all cells, which have been recognized as a novel platform for intercellular communication in the central nervous system (CNS). Exosomes are capable of transferring proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites between neurons and glial cells, contributing to CNS development and maintenance of homeostasis. Evidence shows that exosomes originating from CNS cells act as suppressors or promoters in the initiation and progression of neurological disorders. Moreover, these exosomes have been shown to transfer molecules associated with diseases through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and thus can be detected in blood. This unique feature enables exosomes to act as potential diagnostic biomarkers for neurological disorders. In addition, a substantial number of researches have indicated that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have repair effects on neurological disorders. Herein, we briefly introduce the roles of exosomes under physiological and pathological conditions. In particular, novel roles of exosomes as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic tools for neurological disorders are highlighted.
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23
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Liangsupree T, Multia E, Riekkola ML. Modern isolation and separation techniques for extracellular vesicles. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1636:461773. [PMID: 33316564 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogenous membrane-bound vesicles released from various origins. EVs play a crucial role in cellular communication and mediate several physiological and pathological processes, highlighting their potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Due to the rapid increase in interests and needs to elucidate EV properties and functions, numerous isolation and separation approaches for EVs have been developed to overcome limitations of conventional techniques, such as ultracentrifugation. This review focuses on recently emerging and modern EV isolation and separation techniques, including size-, charge-, and affinity-based techniques while excluding ultracentrifugation and precipitation-based techniques due to their multiple limitations. The advantages and drawbacks of each technique are discussed together with insights into their applications. Emerging approaches all share similar features in terms of being time-effective, easy-to-operate, and capable of providing EVs with suitable and desirable purity and integrity for applications of interest. Combination and hyphenation of techniques have been used for EV isolation and separation to yield EVs with the best quality. The most recent development using an automated on-line system including selective affinity-based trapping unit and asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation allows reliable isolation and fractionation of EV subpopulations from human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evgen Multia
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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24
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Provenzano M, Allayeh AK. Liquid Biopsy to Detect DNA/RNA Based Markers of Small DNA Oncogenic Viruses for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Prediction. Front Oncol 2020; 10:778. [PMID: 32733786 PMCID: PMC7362723 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Provenzano
- Oncology Research Unit, Department of Urology and Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Immunology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Abdou Kamal Allayeh
- Oncology Research Unit, Department of Urology and Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Virology Lab 176, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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25
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Tang Z, Huang J, He H, Ma C, Wang K. Contributing to liquid biopsy: Optical and electrochemical methods in cancer biomarker analysis. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Bendotti C, Bonetto V, Pupillo E, Logroscino G, Al-Chalabi A, Lunetta C, Riva N, Mora G, Lauria G, Weishaupt JH, Agosta F, Malaspina A, Basso M, Greensmith L, Van Den Bosch L, Ratti A, Corbo M, Hardiman O, Chiò A, Silani V, Beghi E. Focus on the heterogeneity of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2020; 21:485-495. [PMID: 32583689 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2020.1779298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The clinical manifestations of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are variable in terms of age at disease onset, site of onset, progression of symptoms, motor neuron involvement, and the occurrence of cognitive and behavioral changes. Genetic background is a key determinant of the ALS phenotype. The mortality of the disease also varies with the ancestral origin of the affected population and environmental factors are likely to be associated with ALS at least within some cohorts. Disease heterogeneity is likely underpinned by the presence of different pathogenic mechanisms. A variety of ALS animal models can be informative about the heterogeneity of the neuropathological or genetic aspects of the disease and can support the development of new therapeutic intervention. Evolving biomarkers can contribute to the identification of differing genotypes and phenotypes, and can be used to explore whether genotypic and phenotypic differences in animal models might help to provide a better definition of the heterogeneity of ALS in humans. These include neurofilaments, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, extracellular vesicles, microRNA and imaging findings. These biomarkers might predict not only the development of the disease, but also the variability in progression, although robust validation is required. A promising area of progress in modeling the heterogeneity of human ALS is represented by the use of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs)-derived motor neurons. Although the translational value of iPSCs remains unclear, this model is attractive in the perspective of replicating the heterogeneity of sporadic ALS as a first step toward a personalized medicine strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Bendotti
- Mario Negri-ALS Study Group, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Bonetto
- Mario Negri-ALS Study Group, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pupillo
- Mario Negri-ALS Study Group, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Department of Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain Università degli Studi di Bari, Bari; Fondazione Giovanni Panico Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christian Lunetta
- NEuroMuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Serena Onlus Foundation, Milano, Italy
| | - Nilo Riva
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriela Mora
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lauria
- Unit of Neurology, Motor Neuron Disease Center, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Lduigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Federica Agosta
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Manuela Basso
- Mario Negri-ALS Study Group, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy.,Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Linda Greensmith
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- Center for Brain & Disease Research (VIB) and Laboratory of Neurobiology (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antonia Ratti
- Department of Neurology - Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milano, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Corbo
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico (CCP), Milano, Italy
| | - Orla Hardiman
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adriano Chiò
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology - Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milano, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Ettore Beghi
- Mario Negri-ALS Study Group, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
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27
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Montis C, Salvatore A, Valle F, Paolini L, Carlà F, Bergese P, Berti D. Biogenic supported lipid bilayers as a tool to investigate nano-bio interfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 570:340-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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28
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Tran PHL, Xiang D, Nguyen TNG, Tran TTD, Chen Q, Yin W, Zhang Y, Kong L, Duan A, Chen K, Sun M, Li Y, Hou Y, Zhu Y, Ma Y, Jiang G, Duan W. Aptamer-guided extracellular vesicle theranostics in oncology. Theranostics 2020; 10:3849-3866. [PMID: 32226524 PMCID: PMC7086349 DOI: 10.7150/thno.39706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, the study of exosomes, nanosized vesicles (50-150 nm) released into the extracellular space via the fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane, has burgeoned with impressive achievements in theranostics applications. These nanosized vesicles have emerged as key players in homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of diseases owing to the variety of the cargos they can carry, the nature of the molecules packaged inside the vesicles, and the robust interactions between exosomes and target cells or tissues. Accordingly, the development of exosome-based liquid biopsy techniques for early disease detection and for monitoring disease progression marks a new era of precision medicine in the 21st century. Moreover, exosomes possess intrinsic properties - a nanosized structure and unique "homing effects" - that make them outstanding drug delivery vehicles. In addition, targeted exosome-based drug delivery systems can be further optimized using active targeting ligands such as nucleic acid aptamers. Indeed, the aptamers themselves can function as therapeutic and/or diagnostic tools based on their attributes of unique target-binding and non-immunogenicity. This review aims to provide readers with a current picture of the research on exosomes and aptamers and their applications in cancer theranostics, highlighting recent advances in their transition from the bench to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong H-L Tran
- School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dongxi Xiang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louise Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tuong N-G Nguyen
- School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thao T-D Tran
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Qian Chen
- Translational Medical Center, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100853
| | - Wang Yin
- School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yumei Zhang
- School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lingxue Kong
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - Andrew Duan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 27 Rainforest Walk, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Kuisheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, He'nan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Miomio Sun
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, He'nan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yong Li
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, and St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Yingchun Hou
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yongchao Ma
- Clinical School, Luohe Medical College, 148, Daxue Road, Luohe City, Henan Province, 462000, China
| | - Guoqin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, P.R. China, 215004
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
- GenePharma-Deakin Joint Laboratory of Aptamer Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China and Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
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29
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Notarangelo M, Ferrara D, Potrich C, Lunelli L, Vanzetti L, Provenzani A, Basso M, Quattrone A, D’Agostino VG. Rapid Nickel-based Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles from Different Biological Fluids. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3512. [PMID: 33654737 PMCID: PMC7842538 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous structures that cells massively release in extracellular fluids. EVs are cargo of cellular components such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids that can work as a formidable source in liquid biopsy studies searching for disease biomarkers. We recently demonstrated that nickel-based isolation (NBI) is a valuable method for fast, efficient, and easy recovery of heterogeneous EVs from biological fluids. NBI exploits nickel cations to capture negatively charged vesicles. Then, a mix of balanced chelating agents elutes EVs while preserving their integrity and stability in solution. Here, we describe steps and quality controls to functionalize a matrix of agarose beads, obtain an efficient elution of EVs, and extract nucleic acids carried by them. We demonstrate the versatility of NBI method in isolating EVs from media of primary mouse astrocytes, from human blood, urine, and saliva processed in parallel, as well as outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from cultured Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Notarangelo
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Deborah Ferrara
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Cristina Potrich
- Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Laboratory of Biomolecular Sequence and Structure Analysis for Health, and CNR-Institute of Biophysics, Trento, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lunelli
- Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Laboratory of Biomolecular Sequence and Structure Analysis for Health, and CNR-Institute of Biophysics, Trento, Italy
| | - Lia Vanzetti
- Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Center for Materials and Microsystems, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandro Provenzani
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Manuela Basso
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandro Quattrone
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Vito G. D’Agostino
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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Pasini L, Ulivi P. Extracellular Vesicles in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Functional Role and Involvement in Resistance to Targeted Treatment and Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010040. [PMID: 31877735 PMCID: PMC7016858 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted and immunological therapies have become the gold standard for a large portion of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients by improving significantly clinical prognosis. However, resistance mechanisms inevitably develop after a first response, and almost all patients undergo progression. The knowledge of such a resistance mechanism is crucial to improving the efficacy of therapies. So far, monitoring therapy responses through liquid biopsy has been carried out mainly in terms of circulating tumor (ctDNA) analysis. However, other particles of tumor origin, such as extracellular vehicles (EVs) represent an emerging tool for the studying and monitoring of resistance mechanisms. EVs are now considered to be ubiquitous mediators of cell-to-cell communication, allowing cells to exchange biologically active cargoes that vary in response to the microenvironment and include proteins, metabolites, RNA species, and nucleic acids. Novel findings on the biogenesis and fate of these vesicles reveal their fundamental role in cancer progression, with foreseeable and not-far-to-come clinical applications in NSCLC.
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31
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Distinct Profiles of Cell-Free MicroRNAs in Plasma of Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8070963. [PMID: 31277223 PMCID: PMC6678393 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8070963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in body fluids has been reported in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recent studies of various diseases showed that extracellular vesicles (EV) in body fluids can provide different spectra of circulating miRNAs and disease-associated signatures from whole fluid or EV-depleted fraction. However, the association of miRNAs in EVs to PTSD has not been studied. In this study, we performed a comprehensive profiling of miRNAs in whole plasma, extracellular vesicles (EV) and EV-depleted plasma (EVD) samples collected from combat veterans with PTSD and matched controls by utilizing a next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform. In total, 520 circulating miRNAs were quantified from 24 male Iraq and Afghanistan combat veterans with (n = 12) and without (n = 12) PTSD. The overall miRNA profiles in whole plasma, EV and EVD fractions were different and miRNAs affected by PTSD were also distinct in each sample type. The concentration changes of miR-203a-3p in EV and miR-339-5p in EVD were confirmed in an independent validation cohort that consisted of 20 veterans (10 with and 10 without PTSD) using qPCR. The target genes of these two miRNAs were involved in signaling pathways and comorbid conditions associated with PTSD (e.g., neurotransmitter systems such as dopaminergic and serotonergic signaling, inflammatory response, and cardiovascular diseases). Our findings suggest that PTSD may have different impacts on miRNAs encapsulated in vesicles and outside of vesicles. Further studies using larger samples are needed to evaluate the utility of these miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for PTSD.
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Hu TY. Nickel affinity: A sensible approach for extracellular vesicles isolation? EBioMedicine 2019; 44:14-15. [PMID: 31101598 PMCID: PMC6604362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tony Y Hu
- Virginia G. Piper Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America.
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