1
|
Palacios S, Chedraui P, Sánchez-Borrego R, Coronado P, Nappi RE. Obesity and menopause. Gynecol Endocrinol 2024; 40:2312885. [PMID: 38343134 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2024.2312885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is not a choice or a result of lack of willpower, but a multifactorial, chronic, progressive, and relapsing disease. During menopause, hormonal and body composition changes lead to greater visceral adiposity, that aggravates women's health at a cardiometabolic, mechanic and mental level. Adiposity has been identified as an important modifier of reproductive hormones. During female midlife, obesity has been associated with menstrual cycle alterations (anovulatory cycles ending with abnormal bleedings), menopausal symptoms including hot flashes, poor quality of sleep, aches and joint pain, genitourinary symptoms, and reduced quality of life. However, the relationships between weight, the menopausal process, aging, and hormone levels remain poorly understood. Women with obesity have an increased risk of thromboembolic disease when using menopause hormone therapy (MHT), and it is probably the main medical condition to prescribe or not MHT. However, this risk depends on the route and type of MHT. The use of estrogen-only or combined transdermal MHT does not increase the risk of a thrombotic event in women with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Chedraui
- Escuela de Posgrado en Salud, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador
| | | | - Pluvio Coronado
- Women's Health Institute, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rossella E Nappi
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Gynecological Endocrinology and Menopause, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kamal WM, Maged AM, AbdelAziz S, Mahmoud SI, Mohsen RA. The effects of laser acupuncture on metabolic syndrome in obese postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled study. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:215. [PMID: 39138739 PMCID: PMC11322229 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
To study the laser acupuncture (LA) effects on postmenopausal obese women's metabolic syndrome. Randomized controlled trial. Benha university hospital. Thirty postmenopausal women were randomized into two equal groups. Group A received a diet regimen and Group B received LA treatment for 30 min three times a week for two months beside the diet regimen. Included weight (W), body mass index (BMI), waist (WC), hip (HC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum level of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting blood insulin (FBI), homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) before and after the end of treatment. The study's findings showed that both groups experienced a highly statistically significant decrease in the post-testing mean value of W, BMI, WC, HC, WHR, SBP, DBP, TC, TG, LDL, FBG, FBI, and HOMA-IR, while both groups experienced a significant increase in the post-treatment mean value of HDL (p 0.0001). The posttreatment SBP, DBP, TC, TG, LDL, FBS, FBI and insulin resistance were significantly lower while HDL was significantly higher in women who received combined LA and diet regimen compared to those who received dietary regimen only. LA beside the nutritional intervention is a physical therapy technique that may be used safely, easily, and effectively to minimize metabolic syndrome features during menopause.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa M Kamal
- Departments of Physical Therapy for Woman's Health, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Maged
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Suzi AbdelAziz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Safaa I Mahmoud
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham A Mohsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cabre HE, Ladan AN, Moore SR, Joniak KE, Blue MNM, Pietrosimone BG, Hackney AC, Smith-Ryan AE. Effects of Hormonal Contraception and the Menstrual Cycle on Fatigability and Recovery From an Anaerobic Exercise Test. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:1256-1265. [PMID: 38598545 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cabre, HE, Ladan, AN, Moore, SR, Joniak, KE, Blue, MNM, Pietrosimone, BG, Hackney, AC, and Smith-Ryan, AE. Effects of hormonal contraception and the menstrual cycle on fatigability and recovery from an anaerobic exercise test. J Strength Cond Res 38(7): 1256-1265, 2024-This study sought to evaluate the effects of oral contraceptive (OC) and hormonal intrauterine device (H-IUD) use, compared with a eumenorrheic (EUM) cycle, on fatigability and recovery between hormone the phases. Peak power (PP), average power (AP), fatigue index (FI), blood lactate, vessel diameter, and blood flow (BF) were measured from a repeated sprint cycle test (10 × 6 seconds) in 60, healthy, active women (mean ± SD ; age: 26.5 ± 7.0 years, BMI: 22.5 ± 3.7 kg·m -2 ) who used monophasic OC (≥6 months; n = 21), had a H-IUD (≥6 months; n = 20), or had regular naturally occurring menstrual cycle (≥3 months) or had a nonhormonal IUD (EUM; n = 19). Subjects were randomly assigned to begin in either the low-hormone phase (LHP) or high-hormone phase (HHP) and were tested once in each phase. Separate univariate analyses of covariances assessed the change from HHP to LHP between the groups, covaried for progesterone, with significance set at p ≤ 0.05. All groups demonstrated similar changes in PP, AP, FI, blood lactate, vessel diameter, and BF between the phases ( p > 0.05). Although not significant, AP was higher in LHP for OC (Δ -248.2 ± 1,301.4 W) and EUM (Δ -19.5 ± 977.7 W) and higher in HHP for H-IUD (Δ 369.3 ± 1,123.0 W). Oral contraceptive group exhibited a higher FI (Δ 2.0%) and reduced blood lactate clearance (Δ 2.5%) in HHP. In recreationally active women, hormonal contraception and hormone phases may minimally impact fatigue and recovery. Individual elite female athletes may benefit from understanding hormonal contraception type as performance and recovery may slightly vary across the cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Cabre
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Women's Health Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Alex N Ladan
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Sam R Moore
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Kelly E Joniak
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Malia N M Blue
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Brian G Pietrosimone
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Anthony C Hackney
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Abbie E Smith-Ryan
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cabre HE, Gould LM, Redman LM, Smith-Ryan AE. Effects of the Menstrual Cycle and Hormonal Contraceptive Use on Metabolic Outcomes, Strength Performance, and Recovery: A Narrative Review. Metabolites 2024; 14:347. [PMID: 39057670 PMCID: PMC11278889 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14070347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of female sex hormones on optimal performance have been increasingly recognized as an important consideration in exercise and sport science research. This narrative review explores the findings of studies evaluating the effects of menstrual cycle phase in eumenorrheic women and the use of hormonal contraception (oral contraceptives and hormonal intrauterine devices) on metabolism, muscular strength, and recovery in active females. Ovarian hormones are known to influence metabolism because estrogen is a master regulator of bioenergetics. Importantly, the menstrual cycle may impact protein synthesis, impacting skeletal muscle quality and strength. Studies investigating muscular strength in eumenorrheic women report equivocal findings between the follicular phase and luteal phase with no differences compared to oral contraceptive users. Studies examining recovery measures (using biomarkers, blood lactate, and blood flow) do not report clear or consistent effects of the impact of the menstrual cycle or hormonal contraception use on recovery. Overall, the current literature may be limited by the evaluation of only one menstrual cycle and the use of group means for statistical significance. Hence, to optimize training and performance in females, regardless of hormonal contraception use, there is a need for future research to quantify the intra-individual impact of the menstrual cycle phases and hormonal contraceptive use in active females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Cabre
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Women’s Health Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | | | - Leanne M. Redman
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Women’s Health Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - Abbie E. Smith-Ryan
- Human Movement Sciences Curriculum, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nunes PRP, Castro-E-Souza P, de Oliveira AA, Camilo BDF, Cristina-Souza G, Vieira-Souza LM, Carneiro MADS. Effect of resistance training volume on body adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation in postmenopausal and older females: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:145-159. [PMID: 37788790 PMCID: PMC10980902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This meta-analytical study aimed to explore the effects of resistance training (RT) volume on body adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation in postmenopausal and older females. METHODS A systematic search was performed for randomized controlled trials in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO. Randomized controlled trials with postmenopausal and older females that compared RT effects on body adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation with a control group (CG) were included. Independent reviewers selected the studies, extracted the data, and performed the risk of bias and certainty of the evidence (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE)) evaluations. Total body and abdominal adiposity, blood lipids, glucose, and C-reactive protein were included for meta-analysis. A random-effects model, standardized mean difference (Hedges' g), and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were used for meta-analysis. RESULTS Twenty randomized controlled trials (overall risk of bias: some concerns; GRADE: low to very low) with overweight/obese postmenopausal and older females were included. RT groups were divided into low-volume RT (LVRT, ∼44 sets/week) and high-volume RT (HVRT, ∼77 sets/week). Both RT groups presented improved body adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation when compared to CG. However, HVRT demonstrated higher effect sizes than LVRT for glucose (HVRT = -1.19; 95%CI: -1.63 to -0.74; LVRT = -0.78; 95%CI:-1.15 to -0.41) and C-reactive protein (HVRT = -1.00; 95%CI: -1.32 to -0.67; LVRT = -0.34; 95%CI, -0.63 to -0.04)) when compared to CG. CONCLUSION Compared to CG, HVRT protocols elicit greater improvements in metabolic risk and inflammation outcomes than LVRT in overweight/obese postmenopausal and older females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Ricardo Prado Nunes
- Department of Body and Human Movement, Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; University Center of Planalto de Araxá (UNIARAXA), 38180-129 Araxá, MG, Brazil; Physical Activity, Health and Ageing Research Group (GPASE), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (GPEN), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Sport Sciences and Physical Exercise Study and Research Group - (GEPCEEX), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil.
| | - Pâmela Castro-E-Souza
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University (UEL), 86050-070 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno de Freitas Camilo
- Department of Body and Human Movement, Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Physical Activity, Health and Ageing Research Group (GPASE), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (GPEN), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Sport Sciences and Physical Exercise Study and Research Group - (GEPCEEX), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Cristina-Souza
- Department of Body and Human Movement, Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (GPEN), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Sport Sciences and Physical Exercise Study and Research Group - (GEPCEEX), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucio Marques Vieira-Souza
- Department of Body and Human Movement, Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Sport Sciences and Physical Exercise Study and Research Group - (GEPCEEX), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49107-230 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Augusto da Silva Carneiro
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University (UEL), 86050-070 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hunter SK, S Angadi S, Bhargava A, Harper J, Hirschberg AL, D Levine B, L Moreau K, J Nokoff N, Stachenfeld NS, Bermon S. The Biological Basis of Sex Differences in Athletic Performance: Consensus Statement for the American College of Sports Medicine. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:2328-2360. [PMID: 37772882 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Biological sex is a primary determinant of athletic performance because of fundamental sex differences in anatomy and physiology dictated by sex chromosomes and sex hormones. Adult men are typically stronger, more powerful, and faster than women of similar age and training status. Thus, for athletic events and sports relying on endurance, muscle strength, speed, and power, males typically outperform females by 10%-30% depending on the requirements of the event. These sex differences in performance emerge with the onset of puberty and coincide with the increase in endogenous sex steroid hormones, in particular testosterone in males, which increases 30-fold by adulthood, but remains low in females. The primary goal of this consensus statement is to provide the latest scientific knowledge and mechanisms for the sex differences in athletic performance. This review highlights the differences in anatomy and physiology between males and females that are primary determinants of the sex differences in athletic performance and in response to exercise training, and the role of sex steroid hormones (particularly testosterone and estradiol). We also identify historical and nonphysiological factors that influence the sex differences in performance. Finally, we identify gaps in the knowledge of sex differences in athletic performance and the underlying mechanisms, providing substantial opportunities for high-impact studies. A major step toward closing the knowledge gap is to include more and equitable numbers of women to that of men in mechanistic studies that determine any of the sex differences in response to an acute bout of exercise, exercise training, and athletic performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra K Hunter
- Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, and Athletic and Human Performance Center, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Aditi Bhargava
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Joanna Harper
- Loughborough University, Loughborough, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Angelica Lindén Hirschberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SWEDEN
| | - Benjamin D Levine
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Kerrie L Moreau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, and Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Aurora, CO
| | - Natalie J Nokoff
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Nina S Stachenfeld
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Stéphane Bermon
- Health and Science Department, World Athletics, Monaco and the LAMHESS, University Côte d'Azur, Nice, FRANCE
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hanai R, Matsushita H, Minami A, Abe Y, Tachibana R, Watanabe K, Takeuchi H, Wakatsuki A. Effects of 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic Acid and 10-Hydroxydecanoic Acid in Royal Jelly on Bone Metabolism in Ovariectomized Rats: A Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5309. [PMID: 37629354 PMCID: PMC10456009 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12165309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although previous studies have demonstrated that royal jelly (RJ) may have estrogenic properties and prevent postmenopausal bone loss, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This animal study aimed to investigate the effects of specific fatty acids of RJ, 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10H2DA) and 10-hydroxydecanoic acid (10HDAA), in ovariectomized rats. Ten-week-old female Wistar rats were divided into the Baseline, Sham, Ovx, Ovx + 10H2DA, and Ovx + 10HDAA groups. Rats in the Baseline group were sacrificed immediately, whereas those in the other groups were subjected to either a sham operation or bilateral ovariectomy. The animals in the Ovx + 10H2DA and Ovx + 10HDAA groups were fed diets containing 10H2DA and 10HDAA, respectively. Twelve weeks after surgery, the rats were sacrificed, and indices of bone mass and bone mechanics were analyzed. Femoral bone mineral density was significantly lower in the Ovx group than in the Sham group (p < 0.01). Administration of 10H2DA or 10HDAA did not ameliorate bone loss after ovariectomy. In addition, administration of these fatty acids diminished femur bone stiffness in ovariectomized rats (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). These findings suggest that the favorable effects of RJ may not be exerted solely by 10H2DA or 10HDAA. However, these effects may be exhibited in combination with other RJ constituents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rina Hanai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsushita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akira Minami
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Abe
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Rika Tachibana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazushi Watanabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Wakatsuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Smith-Ryan AE, Hirsch KR, Cabre HE, Gould LM, Gordon AN, Ferrando AA. Menopause Transition: A Cross-Sectional Evaluation on Muscle Size and Quality. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1258-1264. [PMID: 36878186 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The menopause transition yields significant physiological alterations. The purpose was to characterize lean soft tissue (LST), muscle size (muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA)), muscle quality (echo intensity (EI)), and strength across the menopause transition. A secondary aim was to evaluate whole-body protein turnover in a subsample of women. METHODS Seventy-two healthy women were enrolled in this cross-sectional study based on menopause stage (PRE: n = 24; PERI: n = 24; POST: n = 24). Whole-body LST was measured via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and muscle characteristics (mCSA and EI) were measured via B-mode ultrasound of the vastus lateralis. Maximal voluntary contractions (N·m) of the knee extensors were evaluated. Physical activity (in minutes per day) was accounted for using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. A subsample of women ( n = 27) ingested 2.0 g of 15 N-alanine to determine whole-body net protein balance (NB; in grams per kilogram of body mass per day). RESULTS Significant differences were evident in LST ( P = 0.022), leg LST ( P = 0.05), and EI ( P = 0.018) between menopause stages. Bonferroni post-hoc comparisons revealed greater LST in PRE versus PERI (mean difference (MD) ± SE, 3.8 ± 1.5 kg; P = 0.048) and POST (3.9 ± 1.5 lb; P = 0.049). Similarly, EI was significantly higher in PERI PRE (MD, 18.3 ± 7.1 a.u.; P = 0.036). There was no significant difference in mCSA ( P = 0.082) or in maximal voluntary contraction ( P = 0.167). NB was significantly different across groups ( P = 0.026); NB was greater in PRE compared with PERI (MD, 0.39 ± 0.17 g·kg -1 ; P = 0.090), and from PRE to POST (MD, 0.46 ± 0.17 g·kg -1 ; P = 0.042). Physical activity was not significantly different across groups but demonstrated a linear increase from PRE to POST. CONCLUSIONS The current findings suggest that LST, muscle quality, and protein balance may be negatively influenced by the menopause transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katie R Hirsch
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | | | - Lacey M Gould
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Amanda N Gordon
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Arny A Ferrando
- Department of Geriatrics, Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li Y, Chen X, Gong X, He D, Cheng X, Prabahar K, Hernández-Wolters B, Velu P, Du W. The effect of 17beta-estradiol plus norethisterone acetate on anthropometric indices: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2023; 287:176-185. [PMID: 37364427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little evidence exists on the effect of 17beta-estradiol plus norethisterone acetate on all the anthropometric indices. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials was conducted to give an evidence-based report on the effect of 17beta-estradiol plus norethisterone acetate on anthropometric indices. METHODS The literature search was executed in databases including PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar to recognize clinical trials that examined the influence of 17beta-estradiol plus norethisterone acetate on obesity indices from database inception to Jan 2023. RESULTS Combined findings were generated from 20 eligible articles. The meta-analysis showed that body weight (Weighted Mean Difference (WMD): -0.47 kg, 95% CI: -1.32, 0.37, p = 0.274), body fat (WMD: 0.16 kg, 95% CI: -1.26, 1.59, p = 0.821), WHR (WMD: 0.001 kg, 95% CI: -0.006, 1.15, p = 0.872), and LBM (WMD: -0.02 kg, 95% CI: -1.19, 1.15, p = 0.970) were not modified in DHEA group compared to the control, but BMI levels were significantly reduced in 17beta-estradiol plus norethisterone acetate group (WMD: -0.15 kg/m2, 95% CI: -0.30, -0.008, p = 0.039). Moreover, based on intervention duration (months), a more significant reduction in BMI was found in trials that were performed on studies with ˃3 months duration (WMD: -0.176 kg/m2) than studies with ≤ 3 months (WMD: 0.05 kg/m2). CONCLUSION Administration of 17beta-estradiol plus norethisterone acetate for more than 3 months results in a decrease in BMI, which helps to reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Li
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000 Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000 Shandong, China
| | - Xingji Gong
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000 Shandong, China
| | - Dongyong He
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000 Shandong, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310002, China.
| | - Kousalya Prabahar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Periyannan Velu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Wenjie Du
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000 Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kodama Y, Masuda S, Ohmori T, Kanamaru A, Tanaka M, Sakaguchi T, Nakagawa M. Response to Mechanical Properties and Physiological Challenges of Fascia: Diagnosis and Rehabilitative Therapeutic Intervention for Myofascial System Disorders. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10040474. [PMID: 37106661 PMCID: PMC10135675 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10040474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage to the fascia can cause significant performance deficits in high-performance sports and recreational exercise and may contribute to the development of musculoskeletal disorders and persistent potential pain. The fascia is widely distributed from head to toe, encompassing muscles, bones, blood vessels, nerves, and internal organs and comprising various layers of different depths, indicating the complexity of its pathogenesis. It is a connective tissue composed of irregularly arranged collagen fibers, distinctly different from the regularly arranged collagen fibers found in tendons, ligaments, or periosteum, and mechanical changes in the fascia (stiffness or tension) can produce changes in its connective tissue that can cause pain. While these mechanical changes induce inflammation associated with mechanical loading, they are also affected by biochemical influences such as aging, sex hormones, and obesity. Therefore, this paper will review the current state of knowledge on the molecular level response to the mechanical properties of the fascia and its response to other physiological challenges, including mechanical changes, innervation, injury, and aging; imaging techniques available to study the fascial system; and therapeutic interventions targeting fascial tissue in sports medicine. This article aims to summarize contemporary views.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Kodama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama Rosai Hospital, 1-10-25 Midorimachi, Minamiku, Okayama 702-8055, Japan
| | - Shin Masuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama Rosai Hospital, 1-10-25 Midorimachi, Minamiku, Okayama 702-8055, Japan
| | - Toshinori Ohmori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama Rosai Hospital, 1-10-25 Midorimachi, Minamiku, Okayama 702-8055, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kanamaru
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama Rosai Hospital, 1-10-25 Midorimachi, Minamiku, Okayama 702-8055, Japan
| | - Masato Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama Rosai Hospital, 1-10-25 Midorimachi, Minamiku, Okayama 702-8055, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Sakaguchi
- Department of Central Rehabilitation, Okayama Rosai Hospital, 1-10-25 Midorimachi, Minamiku, Okayama 702-8055, Japan
| | - Masami Nakagawa
- Department of Central Rehabilitation, Okayama Rosai Hospital, 1-10-25 Midorimachi, Minamiku, Okayama 702-8055, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Grosjean E, Simonneaux V, Challet E. Reciprocal Interactions between Circadian Clocks, Food Intake, and Energy Metabolism. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040539. [PMID: 37106739 PMCID: PMC10136292 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Like other biological functions, food intake and energy metabolism display daily rhythms controlled by the circadian timing system that comprises a main circadian clock and numerous secondary clocks in the brain and peripheral tissues. Each secondary circadian clock delivers local temporal cues based on intracellular transcriptional and translational feedback loops that are tightly interconnected to intracellular nutrient-sensing pathways. Genetic impairment of molecular clocks and alteration in the rhythmic synchronizing cues, such as ambient light at night or mistimed meals, lead to circadian disruption that, in turn, negatively impacts metabolic health. Not all circadian clocks are sensitive to the same synchronizing signals. The master clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus is mostly synchronized by ambient light and, to a lesser extent, by behavioral cues coupled to arousal and exercise. Secondary clocks are generally phase-shifted by timed metabolic cues associated with feeding, exercise, and changes in temperature. Furthermore, both the master and secondary clocks are modulated by calorie restriction and high-fat feeding. Taking into account the regularity of daily meals, the duration of eating periods, chronotype, and sex, chrononutritional strategies may be useful for improving the robustness of daily rhythmicity and maintaining or even restoring the appropriate energy balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Grosjean
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR3212, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Simonneaux
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR3212, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Etienne Challet
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR3212, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ebrahimi F, Christ E. Why do patients with hypopituitarism still present an increased mortality? ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2023; 84:285-290. [PMID: 36809815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Hypopituitarism is defined as a lack or decreased secretion of one or several pituitary hormones. It can result from diseases of the pituitary gland or from pathologies of the superior regulatory center, i.e. the hypothalamus, thereby decreasing hypothalamic releasing hormones and consequently the pituitary hormones. It is still a rare disease with an estimated prevalence of 30-45 patients/100,000 and an incidence of 4-5/100,000/year. This review summarizes the currently available data with a focus on etiologies of hypopituitarism, evidence on mortality rates in patients with hypopituitarism, temporal trends in mortality , and associated diseases, pathophysiological mechanisms and risk factors that affect mortality risk in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fahim Ebrahimi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emanuel Christ
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Buis L, Guo H, Rookes T, Frost R, Hamilton FL. Assessing the Acceptability and Effectiveness of Mobile-Based Physical Activity Interventions for Midlife Women During Menopause: Systematic Review of the Literature. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2022; 10:e40271. [PMID: 36485026 PMCID: PMC9789501 DOI: 10.2196/40271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Midlife women with menopausal symptoms are less likely to meet the recommended level of physical activity (PA). Promoting PA among women in midlife could reduce their risk of cardiovascular diseases and perhaps improve menopausal symptoms. Mobile PA interventions in the form of smartphone apps and wearable activity trackers can potentially encourage users to increase PA levels and address time and resource barriers to PA. However, evidence on the acceptability and effectiveness of these interventions among midlife women is unclear. OBJECTIVE This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness, acceptability, and active behavior change techniques (BCTs) of mobile PA technologies among midlife menopausal women. METHODS A mixed methods systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies was conducted. MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, and the ProQuest Sports Medicine and Education Index were systematically searched. Studies were selected and screened according to predetermined eligibility criteria. In total, 2 reviewers independently assessed the risk of bias using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and completed BCT mapping of the included interventions using the BCT Taxonomy v1. RESULTS A total of 12 studies were included in this review. Overall risk of bias was "Moderate to high" in 58% (7/12) of the included studies and "low" in 42% (5/12) of the studies. Of the 12 studies, 7 (58%) assessed changes in PA levels. The pooled effect size of 2 randomized controlled trials resulted in a small to moderate increase in moderate to vigorous PA of approximately 61.36 weekly minutes among midlife women, at least in the short term (95% CI 17.70-105.01; P=.006). Although a meta-analysis was not feasible because of heterogeneity, positive improvements were also found in a range of menopause-related outcomes such as weight reduction, anxiety management, sleep quality, and menopause-related quality of life. Midlife women perceived mobile PA interventions to be acceptable and potentially helpful in increasing PA and daily steps. The average number of BCTs per mobile PA intervention was 8.8 (range 4-13) according to the BCT Taxonomy v1. "Self-monitoring of behaviour," "Biofeedback," and "Goal setting (behaviour)" were the most frequently described BCTs across the included interventions. CONCLUSIONS This review demonstrated that mobile PA interventions in the form of smartphone apps and wearable trackers are potentially effective for small to moderate increases in moderate to vigorous PA among midlife women with menopausal symptoms. Although menopause is a natural condition affecting half the population worldwide, there is a substantial lack of evidence to support the acceptability and effectiveness of mobile PA interventions on menopause-related outcomes, which needs further investigation. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42021273062; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=273062.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Haoyue Guo
- UCL Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tasmin Rookes
- UCL Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Frost
- UCL Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona L Hamilton
- UCL Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li B, Sun L, Yu Y, Xin H, Zhang H, Liu J, Zhang Z. Associations between body composition and physical fitness among Chinese medical students: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2041. [PMID: 36348367 PMCID: PMC9641886 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14548-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study examined associations between body composition and physical fitness scores among medical students in Shenyang, China. Methods A total of 2291 medical students aged 18–20 (815 male and 1476 female) in Shenyang of China were recruited to participate in the research in May 2019. With the use of the BCA-1B body composition analyzer and standard method of physical fitness assessment, the body composition and seven measures of physical fitness (body mass index, vital capacity, sit and reach, standing long jump, pull-ups/crunches, 50-m sprint, and 800/1000-m run) of college students were measured, respectively. The associations between body composition and physical fitness scores were assessed using multiple linear regression analysis. Results The height, weight, total body water, protein mass, mineral content, body mass index, vital capacity, and body function scores of male students were significantly higher than those of female students. However, fat mass (FM), body shape score, physical quality score, and total physical fitness score of female students were significantly higher than those of male students. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis indicated that in male students, only FM was negatively associated with body shape score, body function score, physical quality score, and total physical fitness score. In female students, FM was associated with lower body shape scores, physical quality scores, and total physical fitness scores. Furthermore, the ratio of overweight to obesity in male students was significantly higher than that in female students. Conclusions In Chinese medical colleges, the physical fitness level of female students is better than that of male students, and a higher FM was significantly associated with worse physical fitness of medical students. Moreover, male students with a higher rate of overweight and obesity are an important group that needs weight control.
Collapse
|
15
|
Alemany M. The Roles of Androgens in Humans: Biology, Metabolic Regulation and Health. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11952. [PMID: 36233256 PMCID: PMC9569951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens are an important and diverse group of steroid hormone molecular species. They play varied functional roles, such as the control of metabolic energy fate and partition, the maintenance of skeletal and body protein and integrity and the development of brain capabilities and behavioral setup (including those factors defining maleness). In addition, androgens are the precursors of estrogens, with which they share an extensive control of the reproductive mechanisms (in both sexes). In this review, the types of androgens, their functions and signaling are tabulated and described, including some less-known functions. The close interrelationship between corticosteroids and androgens is also analyzed, centered in the adrenal cortex, together with the main feedback control systems of the hypothalamic-hypophysis-gonads axis, and its modulation by the metabolic environment, sex, age and health. Testosterone (T) is singled out because of its high synthesis rate and turnover, but also because age-related hypogonadism is a key signal for the biologically planned early obsolescence of men, and the delayed onset of a faster rate of functional losses in women after menopause. The close collaboration of T with estradiol (E2) active in the maintenance of body metabolic systems is also presented Their parallel insufficiency has been directly related to the ravages of senescence and the metabolic syndrome constellation of disorders. The clinical use of T to correct hypoandrogenism helps maintain the functionality of core metabolism, limiting excess fat deposition, sarcopenia and cognoscitive frailty (part of these effects are due to the E2 generated from T). The effectiveness of using lipophilic T esters for T replacement treatments is analyzed in depth, and the main problems derived from their application are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marià Alemany
- Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 635, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
- Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li W, Li X, Huang T, Chen Y, Zhang H, Dai H, Wen Y. Normative reference data for body composition in healthy indigenous populations on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Front Public Health 2022; 10:986720. [PMID: 36276374 PMCID: PMC9584638 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.986720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Body composition represents an important aspect of physical fitness and has received increasing attention in recent years. The present study was designed and conducted to provide reference values for age-, sex-, and altitude-specific body composition for healthy indigenous Tibetan adults living on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which has not yet been studied. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2,356 healthy Tibetan adults (1,433 females and 923 males) living on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for generations. The body composition of the participants was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The measurements included weight, basal metabolic rate (BMR), fat-free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), protein mass (PM), bone mass (BM), fat mass (FM), percentage of body fat (PBF), subcutaneous fat mass (SFM), visceral fat mass (VFM), total body water (TBW), intracellular water (ICW), and extracellular water (ECW). Overall, males had greater FFM, SMM, PM, BM, and water mass, whereas females were high in fat mass. Participants from plains generally had higher body composition values, and PM, BM, FM and body water values decreased with increasing altitude, with the lowest values found in >4,000 m Shigatse. FFM, SMM, PM, and BM tended to decrease with increasing age, whereas fat mass and ECW tended to increase with increasing age. This study provides the first normative reference data of body composition for healthy indigenous individuals on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. These datasets are important for future research related to body composition. A considerable decrease in body composition values in > 4,000 m-altitude areas suggested that body composition cutoff values should be established by altitude. Age-, sex-, and altitude-specific alterations in body composition values also inform the prevention and amendment of abnormal body composition changes and resultant health complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Li
- Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Biological Anthropology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Institute of Biological Anthropology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hongliang Dai
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China,*Correspondence: Hongliang Dai
| | - Youfeng Wen
- Institute of Biological Anthropology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China,Youfeng Wen
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ziller V. Knochengesundheit in der Postmenopause. GYNAKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10304-022-00459-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
18
|
|
19
|
O'Bryan SM, Connor KR, Drummer DJ, Lavin KM, Bamman MM. Considerations for Sex-Cognizant Research in Exercise Biology and Medicine. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:903992. [PMID: 35721874 PMCID: PMC9204149 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.903992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As the fields of kinesiology, exercise science, and human movement developed, the majority of the research focused on male physiology and extrapolated findings to females. In the medical sphere, basing practice on data developed in only males resulted in the removal of drugs from the market in the late 1990s due to severe side effects (some life-threatening) in females that were not observed in males. In response to substantial evidence demonstrating exercise-induced health benefits, exercise is often promoted as a key modality in disease prevention, management, and rehabilitation. However, much like the early days of drug development, a historical literature knowledge base of predominantly male studies may leave the exercise field vulnerable to overlooking potentially key biological differences in males and females that may be important to consider in prescribing exercise (e.g., how exercise responses may differ between sexes and whether there are optimal approaches to consider for females that differ from conventional approaches that are based on male physiology). Thus, this review will discuss anatomical, physiological, and skeletal muscle molecular differences that may contribute to sex differences in exercise responses, as well as clinical considerations based on this knowledge in athletic and general populations over the continuum of age. Finally, this review summarizes the current gaps in knowledge, highlights the areas ripe for future research, and considerations for sex-cognizant research in exercise fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samia M. O'Bryan
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kathleen R. Connor
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Devin J. Drummer
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kaleen M. Lavin
- The Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, United States
| | - Marcas M. Bamman
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- The Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Marcas M. Bamman
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Naser B, Castelo-Branco C, Meden H, Minkin MJ, Rachoń D, Beer AM, Pickartz S. Weight gain in menopause: systematic review of adverse events in women treated with black cohosh. Climacteric 2022; 25:220-227. [PMID: 34608830 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2021.1973993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Weight gain is a frequent problem in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Cimicifuga racemosa (CR) is a popular treatment option for menopausal symptoms. The aim of this review was to investigate whether there is scientific evidence that CR causes weight gain. We searched our database for medically confirmed, spontaneous adverse events regarding weight gain, literature for case reports and randomized controlled trials. Thirty cases in total were spontaneously reported in 15 years. The causality was not considered certain/likely in any of the cases. A nurse (consumer) assessed the causality as possible. Only one case was published in the literature. However, no change in body fat composition was reported, and the causality seems unlikely. Of the 31 identified studies, 17 were double-blind placebo-controlled, five were double-blind reference-controlled and nine were open reference-controlled. In total, 1839 women were treated with CR for up to 12 months. Two studies reported weight gain as an adverse event; however, no significant differences in weight changes were observed between the groups. One case of weight gain (about 2 kg) was reported, but the authors did not specify in which treatment group. In conclusion, this study provides no scientific evidence that the use of Cimicifuga racemosa causes weight gain in menopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Naser
- Pharmacovigilance, Schaper & Brümmer GmbH & Co. KG, Salzgitter, Germany
| | - C Castelo-Branco
- Clinic Institute of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Meden
- Swiss Institute for New Concepts and Treatments, Richterswil, Switzerland
| | - M J Minkin
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - D Rachoń
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - A-M Beer
- Hospital for True Naturopathy, Katholisches Klinikum Bochum, Blankenstein Hospital, Hattingen, Germany
| | - S Pickartz
- Medical Service, Schaper & Brümmer GmbH & Co. KG, Salzgitter, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Maury-Sintjago E, Rodríguez-Fernández A, Parra-Flores J, Ruíz-De la Fuente M. Obese Women Have a High Carbohydrate Intake without Changes in the Resting Metabolic Rate in the Luteal Phase. Nutrients 2022; 14:1997. [PMID: 35631136 PMCID: PMC9147294 DOI: 10.3390/nu14101997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormonal changes are caused by the menstrual cycle phases, which influence resting metabolic rate and eating behavior. The aim of the study was to determine resting metabolic rate (RMR) and its association with dietary intake according to the menstrual cycle phase in lean and obese Chilean women. This cross-sectional analytical study included 30 adult women (15 lean and 15 with obesity). Body composition was measured with a tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance meter. Nutritional status was determined by adiposity. A 24-h recall of three nonconsecutive days verifies dietary intake. The RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry. All measurements were performed in both the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Statistical analyses were performed with STATA software at a significance level, which was α = 0.05. The RMR (β = 121.6 kcal/d), temperature (β = 0.36 °C), calorie intake (β = 317.1 kcal/d), and intake of lipids (β = 13.8 g/d) were associated with the luteal phase in lean women. Only extracellular water (β = 1.11%) and carbohydrate consumption (β = 45.2 g/d) were associated in women with obesity. Lean women showed increased RMR, caloric intake, and lipid intake during the luteal phase. For women with obesity, carbohydrate intake increased but not RMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Maury-Sintjago
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillan 3780000, Chile; (E.M.-S.); (A.R.-F.); (J.P.-F.)
- GABO Grupo de Investigación en Auxología, Bioantropología y Ontogenia, FACSA, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillan 3780000, Chile
| | - Alejandra Rodríguez-Fernández
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillan 3780000, Chile; (E.M.-S.); (A.R.-F.); (J.P.-F.)
- GABO Grupo de Investigación en Auxología, Bioantropología y Ontogenia, FACSA, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillan 3780000, Chile
| | - Julio Parra-Flores
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillan 3780000, Chile; (E.M.-S.); (A.R.-F.); (J.P.-F.)
- GABO Grupo de Investigación en Auxología, Bioantropología y Ontogenia, FACSA, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillan 3780000, Chile
| | - Marcela Ruíz-De la Fuente
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillan 3780000, Chile; (E.M.-S.); (A.R.-F.); (J.P.-F.)
- GABO Grupo de Investigación en Auxología, Bioantropología y Ontogenia, FACSA, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillan 3780000, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nuts and Metabolic Syndrome: Reducing the Burden of Metabolic Syndrome in Menopause. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081677. [PMID: 35458240 PMCID: PMC9028023 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopause imposes a dramatic fall in estrogens, which is followed by an increase in the proportion of fat. The rising androgen/estrogen ratio along the menopause transition favors the accumulation of central fat, which contributes to insulin resistance and a series of concatenated effects, leading to a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome. The modulatory effect of diet on the metabolic syndrome phenotype has been shown for the Mediterranean diet, and nuts are key determinants of these health benefits. This review of the impact of nuts on the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome cluster examined studies—prioritizing meta-analyses and systemic reviews—to summarize the potential benefits of nut ingestion on the risk of metabolic syndrome associated with menopause. Nuts have a general composition profile that includes macronutrients, with a high proportion of unsaturated fat, bioactive compounds, and fiber. The mechanisms set in motion by nuts have shown different levels of efficacy against the disturbances associated with metabolic syndrome, but a beneficial impact on lipids and carbohydrate metabolism, and a potential, but minimal reduction in blood pressure and fat accumulation have been found.
Collapse
|
23
|
Stokar J, Gurt I, Cohen-Kfir E, Yakubovsky O, Hallak N, Benyamini H, Lishinsky N, Offir N, Tam J, Dresner-Pollak R. Hepatic Adropin is Regulated by Estrogen and Contributes to Adverse Metabolic Phenotypes in Ovariectomized Mice. Mol Metab 2022; 60:101482. [PMID: 35364299 PMCID: PMC9044006 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Menopause is associated with visceral adiposity, hepatic steatosis and increased risk for cardiovascular disease. As estrogen replacement therapy is not suitable for all postmenopausal women, a need for alternative therapeutics and biomarkers has emerged. Methods 9-week-old C57BL/6 J female mice were subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) or SHAM surgery (n = 10 per group), fed a standard diet and sacrificed 6- & 12 weeks post-surgery. Results Increased weight gain, hepatic triglyceride content and changes in hepatic gene expression of Cyp17a1, Rgs16, Fitm1 as well as Il18, Rares2, Retn, Rbp4 in mesenteric visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were observed in OVX vs. SHAM. Liver RNA-sequencing 6-weeks post-surgery revealed changes in genes and microRNAs involved in fat metabolism in OVX vs. SHAM mice. Energy Homeostasis Associated gene (Enho) coding for the hepatokine adropin was significantly reduced in OVX mice livers and strongly inversely correlated with weight gain (r = −0.7 p < 0.001) and liver triglyceride content (r = −0.4, p = 0.04), with a similar trend for serum adropin. In vitro, Enho expression was tripled by 17β-estradiol in BNL 1 ME liver cells with increased adropin in supernatant. Analysis of open-access datasets revealed increased hepatic Enho expression in estrogen treated OVX mice and estrogen dependent ERα binding to Enho. Treatment of 5-month-old OVX mice with Adropin (i.p. 450 nmol/kg/twice daily, n = 4,5 per group) for 6-weeks reversed adverse adipokine gene expression signature in VAT, with a trended increase in lean body mass and decreased liver TG content with upregulation of Rgs16. Conclusions OVX is sufficient to induce deranged metabolism in adult female mice. Hepatic adropin is regulated by estrogen, negatively correlated with adverse OVX-induced metabolic phenotypes, which were partially reversed with adropin treatment. Adropin should be further explored as a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for menopause-related metabolic derangement. OVX increased body weight, liver fat & adverse visceral fat adipokine signature. OVX altered liver transcriptome & miRNA profile including fat metabolism pathways. Enho was downregulated by OVX & inversely correlated with weight gain & liver fat. Hepatic adropin expression was upregulated by estrogen in-vitro & in-vivo. Adropin treatment partially reversed OVX induced adverse metabolic phenotypes.
Collapse
|
24
|
Gould LM, Gordon AN, Cabre HE, Hoyle AT, Ryan ED, Hackney AC, Smith-Ryan AE. Metabolic effects of menopause: a cross-sectional characterization of body composition and exercise metabolism. Menopause 2022; 29:377-389. [PMID: 35231009 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate body composition, fat distribution, and metabolism at rest and during exercise in premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal women. METHODS This cross-sectional study in 72 women ages 35 to 60 years evaluated body composition via a fourcompartment model, fat distribution using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-derived android to gynoid ratio, metabolic measures via indirect calorimetry, and lifestyle factors using surveys. One-way analyses of variance and one-way analyses of covariance covaried for age and hormone levels (estrogen and progesterone) were used to compare groups. RESULTS Body fat percent was significantly lower in premenopausal than perimenopausal women (mean difference ± standard error: - 10.29 ± 2.73%, P = 0.026) despite similarities in fat mass and fat-free mass between groups (P≥0.217). Android to gynoid ratio was significantly lower in premenopausal than perimenopausal women (MD ± SE: -0.16 ± 0.05 a.u., P = 0.031). Resting energy expenditure was similar between groups (P = 0.999). Fat oxidation during moderate intensity cycle ergometer exercise was significantly greater in premenopausal than postmenopausal women (MD ± SE: 0.09 ± 0.03 g/min, P = 0.045). The change in respiratory exchange ratio between rest and moderate intensity exercise was significantly lower in premenopausal women than peri- (MD ± SE: -0.05 ± 0.03 a.u., P = 0.035) and postmenopausal women (MD ± SE: -0.06 ± 0.03 a.u., P = 0.040). Premenopausal women reported significantly fewer menopause symptoms than peri- (MD ± SE: -6.58 ± 1.52 symptoms, P = 0.002) and postmenopausal participants (MD ± SE: -4.63 ± 1.52 symptoms, P = 0.044), while similarities between groups were observed for lifestyle factors including diet and physical activity (P>0.999). CONCLUSIONS Perimenopause may be the most opportune window for lifestyle intervention, as this group experienced the onset of unfavorable body composition and metabolic characteristics. VIDEO SUMMARY http://links.lww.com/MENO/A932.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lacey M Gould
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Amanda N Gordon
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Hannah E Cabre
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Neuromuscular Assessment Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC. Funding/support: This research study was supported by a grant from the Center for Women's Health Research
| | - Andrew T Hoyle
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Eric D Ryan
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Neuromuscular Assessment Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC. Funding/support: This research study was supported by a grant from the Center for Women's Health Research
| | - Anthony C Hackney
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Neuromuscular Assessment Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC. Funding/support: This research study was supported by a grant from the Center for Women's Health Research
| | - Abbie E Smith-Ryan
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Neuromuscular Assessment Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC. Funding/support: This research study was supported by a grant from the Center for Women's Health Research
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Moccia P, Belda-Montesinos R, Monllor-Tormos A, Chedraui P, Cano A. Body weight and fat mass across the menopausal transition: hormonal modulators. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:99-104. [PMID: 34898344 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2021.2004395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the menopause in weight gain is an understudied yet important field, given the rising prevalence of obesity and its associated risk of disease. OBJECTIVE To review the current evidence regarding the impact of the menopausal transition on changes in body composition and fat accrual in women and the hormonal mechanisms underlying the process. METHODS A critical appraisal of the current literature by experts in the field. RESULTS Menopause is associated with an overall increase in fat mass, which tends to accumulate around the waist. There is also a decrease in lean mass, particularly evident in the lower limbs. Reduced energy expenditure (EE) has been confirmed in parallel with increased food intake, the latter being more evident in experimental models. A prominent role has been found for the estrogen receptor (ER) alpha isoform in fat accrual. Human studies suggest a role for androgens in central fat accumulation and type 2 diabetes. FSH is a key factor in the process of fat accumulation, but only in rodents. Clinical studies suggest that these endocrine alterations are insufficient to explain the observed changes. CONCLUSIONS The menopausal transition is associated with an increase in adiposity, which accumulates preferentially in the abdominal area. Hypoestrogenism and the imbalance of the androgen/estrogen ratio are strong candidates to explain the phenomenon, although other hormonal factors probably also play a role. The impact on risk of disease is still insufficiently known, although an association with risk factors, such as an unfavorable lipid profile or insulin resistance seems likely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Moccia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit on Women's Health - Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Aitana Monllor-Tormos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit on Women's Health - Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Peter Chedraui
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud Integral and Laboratorio de Biomedicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica Nuestra Señora de la Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Antonio Cano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit on Women's Health - Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sinatora RV, Chagas EFB, Mattera FOP, Mellem LJ, dos Santos ARDO, Pereira LP, Aranão ALDC, Guiguer EL, Araújo AC, Haber JFDS, Guissoni LC, Barbalho SM. Relationship of Inflammatory Markers and Metabolic Syndrome in Postmenopausal Women. Metabolites 2022; 12:73. [PMID: 35050195 PMCID: PMC8779625 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased deposition of visceral fat in the postmenopause period increases the production of inflammatory cytokines and the release of tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and decrease in IL-10. This study investigated the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and metabolic syndrome (MS) in postmenopausal women considering different diagnostic criteria. We conducted a cross-sectional observational study based on STROBE. Data were collected regarding the diagnostic criteria for MS (International Diabetes Federation; NCEP (International Diabetes Federation (IDF), National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP-III), and Harmonized criteria), body composition, comorbidities, time without menstruation, values of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α. ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Levene tests, ROC, and odds ratio were performed to analyze the data. The results showed no significant difference between the methods and no interaction between the method and the presence of MS. However, for the values of WC, body fat percentage, TNF-α, and IL-10/TNF-α ratio, a significant effect of MS was observed. In subjects with MS, lower values of body fat percentage and TNF-α and higher values of the IL-10/TNF-α ratio were also observed. The higher IL-10/TNF-α ratio in the MS group is related to the greater anti-inflationary action of IL-10. The IL-10/TNF-α ratio showed significant accuracy to discriminate patients with MS according to the NCEP-ATP III criteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Vargas Sinatora
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (R.V.S.); (E.F.B.C.); (F.O.P.M.); (L.J.M.); (L.P.P.); (A.L.d.C.A.); (E.L.G.); (A.C.A.); (L.C.G.)
| | - Eduardo Federighi Baisi Chagas
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (R.V.S.); (E.F.B.C.); (F.O.P.M.); (L.J.M.); (L.P.P.); (A.L.d.C.A.); (E.L.G.); (A.C.A.); (L.C.G.)
- Interdisciplinary Center on Diabetes (CENID), University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil;
- Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine of Marília (FAMEMA), Marília 17519-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Otavio Pires Mattera
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (R.V.S.); (E.F.B.C.); (F.O.P.M.); (L.J.M.); (L.P.P.); (A.L.d.C.A.); (E.L.G.); (A.C.A.); (L.C.G.)
- Interdisciplinary Center on Diabetes (CENID), University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil;
| | - Luciano Junqueira Mellem
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (R.V.S.); (E.F.B.C.); (F.O.P.M.); (L.J.M.); (L.P.P.); (A.L.d.C.A.); (E.L.G.); (A.C.A.); (L.C.G.)
- Interdisciplinary Center on Diabetes (CENID), University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil;
| | - Ana Rita de Oliveira dos Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil;
| | - Larissa Pires Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (R.V.S.); (E.F.B.C.); (F.O.P.M.); (L.J.M.); (L.P.P.); (A.L.d.C.A.); (E.L.G.); (A.C.A.); (L.C.G.)
| | - Ana Luíza de Carvalho Aranão
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (R.V.S.); (E.F.B.C.); (F.O.P.M.); (L.J.M.); (L.P.P.); (A.L.d.C.A.); (E.L.G.); (A.C.A.); (L.C.G.)
| | - Elen Landgraf Guiguer
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (R.V.S.); (E.F.B.C.); (F.O.P.M.); (L.J.M.); (L.P.P.); (A.L.d.C.A.); (E.L.G.); (A.C.A.); (L.C.G.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil;
- School of Food and Technology of Marilia (FATEC), Marília 17500-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano Cressoni Araújo
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (R.V.S.); (E.F.B.C.); (F.O.P.M.); (L.J.M.); (L.P.P.); (A.L.d.C.A.); (E.L.G.); (A.C.A.); (L.C.G.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil;
| | - Jesselina F. dos Santos Haber
- Interdisciplinary Center on Diabetes (CENID), University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil;
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil;
| | - Leila Campos Guissoni
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (R.V.S.); (E.F.B.C.); (F.O.P.M.); (L.J.M.); (L.P.P.); (A.L.d.C.A.); (E.L.G.); (A.C.A.); (L.C.G.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil;
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (R.V.S.); (E.F.B.C.); (F.O.P.M.); (L.J.M.); (L.P.P.); (A.L.d.C.A.); (E.L.G.); (A.C.A.); (L.C.G.)
- Interdisciplinary Center on Diabetes (CENID), University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil;
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil;
- School of Food and Technology of Marilia (FATEC), Marília 17500-000, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bojar I, Mlak R, Homa-Mlak I, Prendecka M, Owoc A, Małecka-Massalska T. Association between myostatin serum concentration and body fat level in peri- and postmenopausal women. Arch Med Sci 2022; 18:365-375. [PMID: 35316918 PMCID: PMC8924848 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/103866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Every year over 25 million women worldwide experience menopause symptoms. Menopause leads to the occurrence and intensification of many psychological and somatic disorders including body composition change. Myostatin may play a crucial role in the remodeling of muscle and fat tissue. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the level of body fat and the concentration of myostatin protein in serum of peri- or postmenopausal women. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 300 Caucasian women (in perimenopause or postmenopause). Detailed data were collected at a single time point from all enrolled women. The data included: age, body mass index, hormone replacement therapy and body fat. Measurements of adipose tissue were performed using electronic skinfold calipers. Serum levels of myostatin were determined using a Human Myostatin ELISA Kit. RESULTS The mean myostatin concentration in blood serum was 6.58 ±3.59 ng/ml. The mean percentage of body fat was 32.7 ±6.3 (range: 16.1-50.7). The percentages of women in particular groups of body fat level (I, II, III, IV and V) were 1.7%, 11%, 35.3%, 30.7% and 21.3% respectively. Myostatin level in blood serum was significantly lower (median concentrations: 5.5 vs. 7.0 ng/ml, p = 0.0269) in subjects with higher body fat (groups IV and V) compared to those classified as having a normal or low level of body fat (groups I-III). Myostatin was an independent predictive factor of the occurrence of high body fat (p = 0.0463). CONCLUSIONS Decreased level of myostatin is related to higher level of body fat in peri- and postmenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Bojar
- Department for Woman Health, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | - Radosław Mlak
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Homa-Mlak
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Prendecka
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Alfred Owoc
- Center of Public Health and Health Promotion, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Active Women Across the Lifespan: Nutritional Ingredients to Support Health and Wellness. Sports Med 2022; 52:101-117. [PMID: 36173598 PMCID: PMC9521557 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01755-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Women are the largest consumers of dietary supplements. Dietary supplements can play a role in health and performance, particularly for women. Growing evidence and innovations support the unique physiological and nutrient timing needs for women. Despite the need for more nutrition and exercise-specific research in women, initial data and known physiological differences between sexes related to the brain, respiration, bone, and muscle support new product development and evidence-based education for active women regarding the use of dietary supplements. In this narrative review, we discuss hormonal and metabolic considerations with the potential to impact nutritional recommendations for active women. We propose four potential areas of opportunity for ingredients to help support the health and well-being of active women, including: (1) body composition, (2) energy/fatigue, (3) mental health, and (4) physical health.
Collapse
|
29
|
Scalzo RL, Foright RM, Hull SE, Knaub LA, Johnson-Murguia S, Kinanee F, Kaplan J, Houck JA, Johnson G, Sharp RR, Gillen AE, Jones KL, Zhang AMY, Johnson JD, MacLean PS, Reusch JEB, Wright-Hobart S, Wellberg EA. Breast Cancer Endocrine Therapy Promotes Weight Gain With Distinct Adipose Tissue Effects in Lean and Obese Female Mice. Endocrinology 2021; 162:bqab174. [PMID: 34410380 PMCID: PMC8455348 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer survivors treated with tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors report weight gain and have an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes, especially if they have obesity. These patient experiences are inconsistent with, preclinical studies using high doses of tamoxifen which reported acute weight loss. We investigated the impact of breast cancer endocrine therapies in a preclinical model of obesity and in a small group of breast adipose tissue samples from women taking tamoxifen to understand the clinical findings. Mature female mice were housed at thermoneutrality and fed either a low-fat/low-sucrose (LFLS) or a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS) diet. Consistent with the high expression of Esr1 observed in mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue, endocrine therapy was associated with adipose accumulation and more preadipocytes compared with estrogen-treated control mice but resulted in fewer adipocyte progenitors only in the context of HFHS. Analysis of subcutaneous adipose stromal cells revealed diet- and treatment-dependent effects of endocrine therapies on various cell types and genes, illustrating the complexity of adipose tissue estrogen receptor signaling. Breast cancer therapies supported adipocyte hypertrophy and associated with hepatic steatosis, hyperinsulinemia, and glucose intolerance, particularly in obese females. Current tamoxifen use associated with larger breast adipocyte diameter only in women with obesity. Our translational studies suggest that endocrine therapies may disrupt adipocyte progenitors and support adipocyte hypertrophy, potentially leading to ectopic lipid deposition that may be linked to a greater type 2 diabetes risk. Monitoring glucose tolerance and potential interventions that target insulin action should be considered for some women receiving life-saving endocrine therapies for breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Scalzo
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, Department of Medicine; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Center for Women’s Health Research; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rebecca M Foright
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Sara E Hull
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, Department of Medicine; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Leslie A Knaub
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, Department of Medicine; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Stevi Johnson-Murguia
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Harold Hamm Diabetes Research Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Fotobari Kinanee
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jeffrey Kaplan
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Julie A Houck
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, Department of Medicine; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ginger Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, Department of Medicine; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rachel R Sharp
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Harold Hamm Diabetes Research Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Austin E Gillen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Harold Hamm Diabetes Research Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Anni M Y Zhang
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - James D Johnson
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, Department of Medicine; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Center for Women’s Health Research; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jane E B Reusch
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, Department of Medicine; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Center for Women’s Health Research; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sabrina Wright-Hobart
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Wellberg
- Center for Women’s Health Research; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Harold Hamm Diabetes Research Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gould LM, Cabre HE, Brewer GJ, Hirsch KR, Blue MNM, Smith-Ryan AE. Impact of Follicular Menstrual Phase on Body Composition Measures and Resting Metabolism. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:2396-2404. [PMID: 34280938 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to identify the effects of early follicular (EF) and midfollicular (MF) menstrual phases on body composition, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and respiratory quotient (RQ) assessment accuracy to identify an optimal testing period. METHODS Body composition was obtained from a four-compartment (4C) criterion model (fat mass (FM), fat-free mass, body fat percent, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA; FM, lean mass (LM), trunk FM, and trunk LM) in 19 eumenorrheic females (mean ± SD: age, 21.3 ± 3.1 yr, body mass index, 23.6 ± 1.8 kg·m-2). RMR (kcal·d-1) and RQ (a.u.) were measured via indirect calorimetry for 25 min. Body composition, RMR, and RQ were measured during the EF and MF phases. Dependent-samples t-tests were used to compare outcomes between EF and MF. RESULTS 4C outcomes were similar between phases (P > 0.05). During EF, the following 4C components were significantly greater (P < 0.05): body volume (mean difference (MD) ± SD, 0.70 ± 1.05 L), extracellular fluid (MD ± SD, 0.27 ± 0.51 L), and body mass (MD ± SD, 0.56 ± 0.80 kg). DXA-measured LM, body fat percent, trunk LM, and trunk FM were similar (P > 0.05); however, DXA FM was significantly greater during EF (MD ± SD, 0.29 ± 0.40 kg; P = 0.005), yet within measurement error of the device. Although RMR was not significantly different between phases (MD ± SD, 6.0 ± 190.93 kcal·d-1; P > 0.05), RQ was significantly higher during EF (mean ± SD, 0.03 ± 0.06 a.u.; P = 0.029) compared with MF. CONCLUSIONS Body composition from 4C and DXA do not seem to be affected beyond measurement error as a result of compartmental changes from the menstrual cycle. During MF, women oxidized more fat as demonstrated by a lower RQ. Researchers should aim to be more inclusive and schedule testing for females within 11-12 d from the onset of menstruation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lacey M Gould
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Gabrielle J Brewer
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Katie R Hirsch
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Malia N M Blue
- Human Biomechanics & Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, NC
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Alemany M. Estrogens and the regulation of glucose metabolism. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1622-1654. [PMID: 34754368 PMCID: PMC8554369 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i10.1622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The main estrogens: estradiol, estrone, and their acyl-esters have been studied essentially related to their classical estrogenic and pharmacologic functions. However, their main effect in the body is probably the sustained control of core energy metabolism. Estrogen nuclear and membrane receptors show an extraordinary flexibility in the modulation of metabolic responses, and largely explain gender and age differences in energy metabolism: part of these mechanisms is already sufficiently known to justify both. With regard to energy, the estrogen molecular species act essentially through four key functions: (1) Facilitation of insulin secretion and control of glucose availability; (2) Modulation of energy partition, favoring the use of lipid as the main energy substrate when more available than carbohydrates; (3) Functional protection through antioxidant mechanisms; and (4) Central effects (largely through neural modulation) on whole body energy management. Analyzing the different actions of estrone, estradiol and their acyl esters, a tentative classification based on structure/effects has been postulated. Either separately or as a group, estrogens provide a comprehensive explanation that not all their quite diverse actions are related solely to specific molecules. As a group, they constitute a powerful synergic action complex. In consequence, estrogens may be considered wardens of energy homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marià Alemany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pawłowski B, Żelaźniewicz A. The evolution of perennially enlarged breasts in women: a critical review and a novel hypothesis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2794-2809. [PMID: 34254729 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The possession of permanent, adipose breasts in women is a uniquely human trait that develops during puberty, well in advance of the first pregnancy. The adaptive role and developmental pattern of this breast morphology, unusual among primates, remains an unresolved conundrum. The evolutionary origins of this trait have been the focus of many hypotheses, which variously suggest that breasts are a product of sexual selection or of natural selection due to their putative role in assisting in nursing or as a thermoregulatory organ. Alternative hypotheses assume that permanent breasts are a by-product of other evolutionary changes. We review and evaluate these hypotheses in the light of recent literature on breast morphology, physiology, phylogeny, ontogeny, sex differences, and genetics in order to highlight their strengths and flaws and to propose a coherent perspective and a new hypothesis on the evolutionary origins of perennially enlarged breasts in women. We propose that breasts appeared as early as Homo ergaster, originally as a by-product of other coincident evolutionary processes of adaptive significance. These included an increase in subcutaneous fat tissue (SFT) in response to the demands of thermoregulatory and energy storage, and of the ontogenetic development of the evolving brain. An increase in SFT triggered an increase in oestradiol levels (E2). An increase in meat in the diet of early Homo allowed for further hormonal changes, such as greater dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA/S) synthesis, which were crucial for brain evolution. DHEA/S is also easily converted to E2 in E2-sensitive body parts, such as breasts and gluteofemoral regions, causing fat accumulation in these regions, enabling the evolution of perennially enlarged breasts. Furthermore, it is also plausible that after enlarged breasts appeared, they were co-opted for other functions, such as attracting mates and indicating biological condition. Finally, we argue that the multifold adaptive benefits of SFT increase and hormonal changes outweighed the possible costs of perennially enlarged breasts, enabling their further development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bogusław Pawłowski
- Department of Human Biology, University of Wrocław, ul. Przybyszewskiego 63, Wrocław, 51-148, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Żelaźniewicz
- Department of Human Biology, University of Wrocław, ul. Przybyszewskiego 63, Wrocław, 51-148, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yeh JH, Tung YT, Yeh YS, Chien YW. Effects of Dietary Fatty Acid Composition on Lipid Metabolism and Body Fat Accumulation in Ovariectomized Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062022. [PMID: 34208400 PMCID: PMC8231186 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a state of excess energy storage resulting in body fat accumulation, and postmenopausal obesity is a rising issue. In this study using ovariectomized (OVX) rats, we mimicked low estrogen levels in a postmenopausal state in order to investigate the effects of different amounts and types of dietary fatty acids on body fat accumulation and body lipid metabolism. Methods: At 9 weeks of age, rats (n = 40) were given an ovariectomy, eight of which were sham-operated to serve as a control group (S). We then divided OVX rats into four different intervention groups: diet with 5% soybean oil (C), and diet with 5% (L), 15% (M), and 20% (H) (w/w) experimental oil, containing 60% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and with a polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid (P/S) ratio of 5. Results: After OVX, compared to the S group, the C group showed significantly higher body weight, and insulin and leptin levels. Compared to the C group, the H group had lower hepatic triglyceride level and FAS enzyme activity, and higher hepatic ACO and CPT-1 gene expressions and enzyme activities. Conclusions: An OVX leads to severe weight gain and lipid metabolism abnormalities, while according to previous studies, high fat diet may worsen the situation. However, during our experiment, we discovered that the experimental oil mixture with 60% MUFAs and P/S = 5 may ameliorate these imbalances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Han Yeh
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Tang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Yeh
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63112, USA;
| | - Yi-Wen Chien
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Research Center of Geriatric Nutrition, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 6556); Fax: +886-2-2737-3112
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kim NR, David K, Corbeels K, Khalil R, Antonio L, Schollaert D, Deboel L, Ohlsson C, Gustafsson JÅ, Vangoitsenhoven R, Van der Schueren B, Decallonne B, Claessens F, Vanderschueren D, Dubois V. Testosterone Reduces Body Fat in Male Mice by Stimulation of Physical Activity Via Extrahypothalamic ERα Signaling. Endocrinology 2021; 162:bqab045. [PMID: 33674833 PMCID: PMC8140602 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone (T) reduces male fat mass, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive, limiting its clinical relevance in hypogonadism-associated obesity. Here, we subjected chemically castrated high-fat diet-induced adult obese male mice to supplementation with T or the nonaromatizable androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) for 20 weeks. Both hormones increased lean mass, thereby indirectly increasing oxygen consumption and energy expenditure. In addition, T but not DHT decreased fat mass and increased ambulatory activity, indicating a role for aromatization into estrogens. Investigation of the pattern of aromatase expression in various murine tissues revealed the absence of Cyp19a1 expression in adipose tissue while high levels were observed in brain and gonads. In obese hypogonadal male mice with extrahypothalamic neuronal estrogen receptor alpha deletion (N-ERαKO), T still increased lean mass but was unable to decrease fat mass. The stimulatory effect of T on ambulatory activity was also abolished in N-ERαKO males. In conclusion, our work demonstrates that the fat-burning action of T is dependent on aromatization into estrogens and is at least partially mediated by the stimulation of physical activity via extrahypothalamic ERα signaling. In contrast, the increase in lean mass upon T supplementation is mediated through the androgen receptor and indirectly leads to an increase in energy expenditure, which might also contribute to the fat-burning effects of T.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Ri Kim
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Karel David
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Katrien Corbeels
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Rougin Khalil
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Leen Antonio
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Dieter Schollaert
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Ludo Deboel
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 45, Sweden
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5056, USA
| | - Roman Vangoitsenhoven
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Bart Van der Schueren
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Decallonne
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Frank Claessens
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Dirk Vanderschueren
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Dubois
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wohlgemuth KJ, Arieta LR, Brewer GJ, Hoselton AL, Gould LM, Smith-Ryan AE. Sex differences and considerations for female specific nutritional strategies: a narrative review. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2021; 18:27. [PMID: 33794937 PMCID: PMC8015182 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-021-00422-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there is a plethora of information available regarding the impact of nutrition on exercise performance, many recommendations are based on male needs due to the dominance of male participation in the nutrition and exercise science literature. Female participation in sport and exercise is prevalent, making it vital for guidelines to address the sex-specific nutritional needs. Female hormonal levels, such as estrogen and progesterone, fluctuate throughout the mensural cycle and lifecycle requiring more attention for effective nutritional considerations. Sex-specific nutritional recommendations and guidelines for the active female and female athlete have been lacking to date and warrant further consideration. This review provides a practical overview of key physiological and nutritional considerations for the active female. Available literature regarding sex-specific nutrition and dietary supplement guidelines for women has been synthesized, offering evidenced-based practical information that can be incorporated into the daily lives of women to improve performance, body composition, and overall health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kealey J Wohlgemuth
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Luke R Arieta
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Gabrielle J Brewer
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Andrew L Hoselton
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Lacey M Gould
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Abbie E Smith-Ryan
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mehta J, Kling JM, Manson JE. Risks, Benefits, and Treatment Modalities of Menopausal Hormone Therapy: Current Concepts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:564781. [PMID: 33841322 PMCID: PMC8034540 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.564781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopausal hormone therapy (HT) prescribing practices have evolved over the last few decades guided by the changing understanding of the treatment's risks and benefits. Since the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) trial results in 2002, including post-intervention analysis and cumulative 18-year follow up, it has become clear that the risks of HT are low for healthy women less than age 60 or within ten years from menopause. For those who are experiencing bothersome vasomotor symptoms, the benefits are likely to outweigh the risks in view of HT's efficacy for symptom management. HT also has a role in preventing osteoporosis in appropriate candidates for treatment. A comprehensive overview of the types, routes, and formulations of currently available HT, as well as HT's benefits and risks by outcomes of interest are provided to facilitate clinical decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Mehta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Juliana M. Kling
- Division of Women’s Health Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
The Tumor Promotional Role of Adipocytes in the Breast Cancer Microenvironment and Macroenvironment. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:1342-1352. [PMID: 33639102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of the adipocyte in the tumor microenvironment has received significant attention as a critical mediator of the obesity-cancer relationship. Current estimates indicate that 650 million adults have obesity, and thirteen cancers, including breast cancer, are estimated to be associated with obesity. Even in people with a normal body mass index, adipocytes are key players in breast cancer progression because of the proximity of tumors to mammary adipose tissue. Outside the breast microenvironment, adipocytes influence metabolic and immune function and produce numerous signaling molecules, all of which affect breast cancer development and progression. The current epidemiologic data linking obesity, and importantly adipose tissue, to breast cancer risk and prognosis, focusing on metabolic health, weight gain, and adipose distribution as underlying drivers of obesity-associated breast cancer is presented here. Bioactive factors produced by adipocytes, both normal and cancer associated, such as cytokines, growth factors, and metabolites, and the potential mechanisms through which adipocytes influence different breast cancer subtypes are highlighted.
Collapse
|
38
|
Lynch S, Boyett JE, Smith MR, Giordano-Mooga S. Sex Hormone Regulation of Proteins Modulating Mitochondrial Metabolism, Dynamics and Inter-Organellar Cross Talk in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:610516. [PMID: 33644031 PMCID: PMC7905018 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.610516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the U.S. and worldwide. Sex-related disparities have been identified in the presentation and incidence rate of CVD. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a role in both the etiology and pathology of CVD. Recent work has suggested that the sex hormones play a role in regulating mitochondrial dynamics, metabolism, and cross talk with other organelles. Specifically, the female sex hormone, estrogen, has both a direct and an indirect role in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis via PGC-1α, dynamics through Opa1, Mfn1, Mfn2, and Drp1, as well as metabolism and redox signaling through the antioxidant response element. Furthermore, data suggests that testosterone is cardioprotective in males and may regulate mitochondrial biogenesis through PGC-1α and dynamics via Mfn1 and Drp1. These cell-signaling hubs are essential in maintaining mitochondrial integrity and cell viability, ultimately impacting CVD survival. PGC-1α also plays a crucial role in inter-organellar cross talk between the mitochondria and other organelles such as the peroxisome. This inter-organellar signaling is an avenue for ameliorating rampant ROS produced by dysregulated mitochondria and for regulating intrinsic apoptosis by modulating intracellular Ca2+ levels through interactions with the endoplasmic reticulum. There is a need for future research on the regulatory role of the sex hormones, particularly testosterone, and their cardioprotective effects. This review hopes to highlight the regulatory role of sex hormones on mitochondrial signaling and their function in the underlying disparities between men and women in CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Lynch
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - James E Boyett
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - M Ryan Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Samantha Giordano-Mooga
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Plausible Role of Estrogens in Pathogenesis, Progression and Therapy of Lung Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020648. [PMID: 33466597 PMCID: PMC7828659 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Malignant neoplasms are among the most common diseases and are responsible for the majority of deaths in the developed world. In contrast to men, available data show a clear upward trend in the incidence of lung cancer in women, making it almost as prevalent as breast cancer. Women might be more susceptible to the carcinogenic effect of tobacco smoke than men. Furthermore, available data indicate a much more frequent mutation of the tumor suppressor gene-p53 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) female patients compared to males. Another important factor, however, might lie in the female sex hormones, whose mitogenic or carcinogenic effect is well known. Epidemiologic data show a correlation between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or oral contraceptives (OCs), and increased mortality rates due to the increased incidence of malignant tumors, including lung cancer. Interestingly, two types of estrogen receptors have been detected in lung cancer cells: ERα and ERβ. The presence of ERα has been detected in tissues and non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines. In contrast, overexpression of ERβ is a prognostic marker in NSCLC. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of estrogens in the etiopathogenesis of lung cancer, as well as biological, hormonal and genetic sex-related differences in this neoplasm.
Collapse
|
40
|
Banin RM, Machado MMF, de Andrade IS, Carvalho LOT, Hirata BKS, de Andrade HM, Júlio VDS, Ribeiro JDSFB, Cerutti SM, Oyama LM, Ribeiro EB, Telles MM. Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) attenuates obesity and anxious/depressive-like behaviours induced by ovariectomy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:44. [PMID: 33420094 PMCID: PMC7794418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78528-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While several pieces of evidence link obesity and mood disorders in menopause, the mechanisms involved are not yet fully understood. We have previously demonstrated that Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) both attenuated diet-induced obesity of male rats and restored serotonin-induced hypophagia in ovariectomized female rats. The present study aimed at exploring whether GbE treatment ameliorates ovariectomy-related obesity and anxious/depressive-like behaviours. Wistar female rats were either ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated (Sham). After 2 months, either 500 mg/kg of GbE or vehicle were administered daily by gavage for 14 days. Anxious/depressive-like behaviours were assessed by the Elevated Plus Maze and the Forced Swim Tests, respectively. Ovariectomy caused high visceral adiposity, hyperleptinemia, and hypercholesterolemia, and increased the anxiety index (p = 0.048 vs. Sham + GbE) while it decreased the latency to immobility (p = 0.004 vs. Sham). GbE treatment in OVX rats improved body composition, adiponectin levels and blood lipid profile. It also reduced the anxiety index (p = 0.004) and increased the latency to immobility (p = 0.003) of OVX rats. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that leptin (p = 0.047) and total cholesterol levels (p = 0.022) were associated with anxious-like behaviours while body adiposity (p = 0.00005) was strongly associated with depressive-like behaviours. The results showed that GbE therapy was effective in attenuating the deleterious effects of ovariectomy on body composition, lipid profile, and anxious/depressive-like behaviours. Further studies are warranted to better understand the therapeutic potential of GbE in menopause.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Mancini Banin
- Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2º andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 04023-062, Brasil
| | - Meira Maria Forcelini Machado
- Setor de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil
| | - Iracema Senna de Andrade
- Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2º andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 04023-062, Brasil
| | - Lorenza Oliveira Testa Carvalho
- Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2º andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 04023-062, Brasil
| | - Bruna Kelly Sousa Hirata
- Setor de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil
| | - Heider Mendonça de Andrade
- Setor de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil
| | - Viviane da Silva Júlio
- Setor de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Suzete Maria Cerutti
- Setor de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil
| | - Lila Missae Oyama
- Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2º andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 04023-062, Brasil
| | - Eliane Beraldi Ribeiro
- Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2º andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 04023-062, Brasil.
| | - Mônica Marques Telles
- Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2º andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 04023-062, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Sarcopenia describes low muscle mass and strength associated with ageing, whilst reduced physical performance indicates the severity of the condition. It can happen independently of other medical conditions and can be a key feature of the frailty phenotype. Frailty is a syndrome of increased vulnerability to incomplete resolution of homeostasis, following a stressor event. Researchers have described the implications of hypothalamic pituitary dysregulation in the pathogenesis of both entities. This review summarizes the recent evidence in this area as well as other endocrine factors such as insulin resistance and vitamin D status and outlines current research priorities. We conducted searches to PubMed and Embase databases for articles, reviews and studies reporting new data on the interaction between hormones of the endocrine system and frailty and/ or sarcopenia in the last 5 years. Interventional studies, cohort studies, case-control studies and animal studies were included. Clinical trials register was also searched to identify ongoing relevant studies. Studies have given us insights into the complex relationships between factors such as anabolic hormones, glucocorticoids and vitamin D on muscle strength and performance and their involvement in ageing phenotypes. However, robust randomized controlled trials are needed to consolidate existing evidence in humans and inform clinical practice. Current evidence supports hormone replacement in patients with confirmed deficiencies, to optimize health and prevent complications. Hormone replacement has limited use for age-related conditions. Current interest is focused on muscle/bone/fat interactions and health outcomes in "sarcopenic obesity." A life-course approach to improving 'health-span' is advocated. Lifestyle factors such as nutrition and physical activity have important interactions with body composition, physical function and metabolic outcomes. Large-scale clinical trials will determine the efficacy and long-term safety of hormone supplementation in the management of sarcopenia and frailty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Kamwa
- Musculoskeletal Endocrinology Research Group, Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK - .,Academic Metabolic Bone Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK - .,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK -
| | - Carly Welch
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zaki K Hassan-Smith
- Musculoskeletal Endocrinology Research Group, Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK.,Academic Metabolic Bone Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Costa GBC, Carneiro G, Umeda L, Pardini D, Zanella MT. Influence of Menopausal Hormone Therapy on Body Composition and Metabolic Parameters. Biores Open Access 2020; 9:80-85. [PMID: 32219014 PMCID: PMC7097676 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2019.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The loss of estrogen with menopause is associated with an increase in central fat. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of menopause hormone therapy (HT) on body composition and metabolic parameters in postmenopausal women. A prospective study was conducted among postmenopausal women from the Climacteric clinic, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Thirty-two participants, median age 51 years, were included. Sixteen women were eligible to receive a low-dose continuous combined HT, containing 1 mg of E2 plus 0.125 mg of trimegestone for 6 months. The other 16 women remained in the control group. In the HT group, significant decreases from baseline were evident for the total cholesterol (TC) (p < 0.05) and LDL levels (p < 0.05). The HDL significantly decreased (p < 0.05). However, the TC/HDL ratio also decreased (p = 0.05). The parameters of body composition, after 6 months of HT, were maintained. In the control group, body mass index levels increased from baseline, however, with nonstatistically significant differences (p = 0.06). Analyzing the body composition showed a significant increase in the trunk body fat (p = 0.04), trunk region fat (p = 0.04), and total region fat (p = 0.03) after 6 months. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that HT can stunt the increase in total body fat and prevent the shift from a more central fat distribution observed in early postmenopausal period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graciela B C Costa
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gláucia Carneiro
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Umeda
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dolores Pardini
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Zanella
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lavie CJ, Elagizi A, Ozemek C. Fitness Is More Important than Adiposity in Women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2019; 29:279-280. [PMID: 31746667 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2019.8148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carl J Lavie
- The John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Andrew Elagizi
- The John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Cemal Ozemek
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
The Metabolic Benefits of Menopausal Hormone Therapy Are Not Mediated by Improved Nutritional Habits. The OsteoLaus Cohort. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081930. [PMID: 31426347 PMCID: PMC6722637 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopause alters body composition by increasing fat mass. Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is associated with decreased total and visceral adiposity. It is unclear whether MHT favorably affects energy intake. We aimed to assess in the OsteoLaus cohort whether total energy intake (TEI) and/or diet quality (macro- and micronutrients, dietary patterns, dietary scores, dietary recommendations)—evaluated by a validated food frequency questionnaire—differ in 839 postmenopausal women classified as current, past or never MHT users. There was no difference between groups regarding TEI or consumption of macronutrients. After multivariable adjustment, MHT users were less likely to adhere to the unhealthy pattern ‘fat and sugar: Current vs. never users [OR (95% CI): 0.48 (0.28–0.82)]; past vs. never users [OR (95% CI): 0.47 (0.27–0.78)]. Past users exhibited a better performance in the revised score for Mediterranean diet than never users (5.00 ± 0.12 vs. 4.63 ± 0.08, p < 0.04). Differences regarding compliance with dietary recommendations were no longer significant after adjustment for covariates. Overall, these results argue against a major role of TEI and diet quality as possible mediators of the MHT metabolic benefits. Future research on this relationship should focus on other potential targets of MHT, such as resting energy expenditure and physical activity.
Collapse
|
45
|
Kim B, Lee SH, Song SJ, Kim WH, Song ES, Lee JC, Lee SJ, Han DW, Lee JH. Protective Effects of Melon Extracts on Bone Strength, Mineralization, and Metabolism in Rats with Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080306. [PMID: 31416178 PMCID: PMC6720457 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A polyphenolic extract from melon (Cucumis melo L.), as a potential source of natural antioxidants, has been reported to have a positive effect on osteoblast activity. In this study, the protective effects of heat-treated melon extract (ECO-A) on bone strength, mineralization, and metabolism were examined in osteoporotic rat models. Osteoporosis was induced by ovariectomy (OVX) in female rats and then maintained for 8 weeks, along with the ingestion of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, OVXP) or ECO-A (OVXE) for an additional 4 weeks. At a pre-determined timepoint, bone strengths, as well as bone mineral contents (BMC) and the density (BMD) of femurs and/or lumbar spines extracted from each animal, were measured by a mechanical test and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, respectively. Moreover, several biochemical markers for bone turnover were analyzed by respective colorimetric assay kits in addition to clinical analyses. The maximum load and stiffness of femurs from the OVXE group were found to be significantly higher than the other groups. Furthermore, the OVXE group showed significantly higher BMC, BMD, and bone volume than the OVX and OVXP groups, which were comparable to the non-OVX (sham) group. The levels of bone formation and resorption markers in the OVXE group were similar to the sham group, but significantly different from other groups. In conclusion, these results suggest that ECO-A can play potentially positive roles in the protection of bone loss in rats with OVX-induced osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bongju Kim
- Dental Life Science Research Institute & Clinical Translational Research Center for Dental Science, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Dental Life Science Research Institute & Clinical Translational Research Center for Dental Science, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Song
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Won Hyeon Kim
- Dental Life Science Research Institute & Clinical Translational Research Center for Dental Science, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Eun-Sung Song
- Dental Life Science Research Institute & Clinical Translational Research Center for Dental Science, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jae-Chang Lee
- Bio-based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44429, Korea
| | - Sung-Jae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Dental Life Science Research Institute & Clinical Translational Research Center for Dental Science, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Shimazu‐Kuwahara S, Kanemaru Y, Harada N, Ikeguchi E, Ueda Y, Yamane S, Murata Y, Yasoda A, Kieffer TJ, Inagaki N. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide deficiency reduced fat accumulation and insulin resistance, but deteriorated bone loss in ovariectomized mice. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:909-914. [PMID: 30451382 PMCID: PMC6626948 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the established roles of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in promoting fat storage and bone formation, we assessed the contribution of GIP to obesity and osteopenia in ovariectomized mice with a gene encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) inserted into the GIP locus, in which GIP was either reduced (GIPgfp/+ ) or absent (GIPgfp/gfp ). In GIPgfp/gfp mice, weight gain, subcutaneous and visceral fat mass were reduced, and glucose intolerance was improved compared with wild-type mice with the same magnitude of insulin responses. Cancellous bone mineral density and bone cortical thickness were reduced in GIPgfp/gfp mice compared with wild-type mice. In GIPgfp/+ mice, weight gain, glucose intolerance and cancellous bone mineral density were not different from that of wild-type mice. These results indicate that the total elimination of GIP ameliorates weight gain and adiposity in ovariectomized mice, but it enhances osteopenia, particularly in cancellous bone by partly suppressing bone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Shimazu‐Kuwahara
- Preemptive Medicine and Lifestyle‐related Disease Research CenterKyoto University HospitalKyotoJapan
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and NutritionGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yoshinori Kanemaru
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and NutritionGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Norio Harada
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and NutritionGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Eri Ikeguchi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and NutritionGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yohei Ueda
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and NutritionGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Shunsuke Yamane
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and NutritionGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yuki Murata
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and NutritionGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Akihiro Yasoda
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and NutritionGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Timothy J Kieffer
- Department of Cellular and Physiological SciencesLife Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and NutritionGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Greendale GA, Sternfeld B, Huang M, Han W, Karvonen-Gutierrez C, Ruppert K, Cauley JA, Finkelstein JS, Jiang SF, Karlamangla AS. Changes in body composition and weight during the menopause transition. JCI Insight 2019; 4:124865. [PMID: 30843880 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relation between the menopause transition (MT) and changes in body composition or weight remains uncertain. We hypothesized that, independent of chronological aging, the MT would have a detrimental influence on body composition. METHODS Participants were from the longitudinal Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) cohort. We assessed body composition by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Multivariable mixed effects regressions fitted piece-wise linear models to repeated measures of outcomes as a function of time before or after the final menstrual period (FMP). Covariates were age at FMP, race, study site, and hormone therapy. RESULTS Fat and lean mass increased prior to the MT. At the start of the MT, rate of fat gain doubled, and lean mass declined; gains and losses continued until 2 years after the FMP. After that, the trajectories of fat and lean mass decelerated to zero slope. Weight climbed linearly during premenopause without acceleration at the MT. Its trajectory became flat after the MT. CONCLUSION Accelerated gains in fat mass and losses of lean mass are MT-related phenomena. The rate of increase in the sum of fat mass and lean mass does not differ between premenopause and the MT; thus, there is no discernable change in rate of weight gain at the start of the MT. FUNDING NIH, Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), through the National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Nursing Research, and NIH Office of Research on Women's Health (U01NR004061, U01AG012505, U01AG012535, U01AG012531, U01AG012539, U01AG012546, U01AG012553, U01AG012554, and U01AG012495).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gail A Greendale
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - MeiHua Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Weijuan Han
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carrie Karvonen-Gutierrez
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kristine Ruppert
- Graduate School of Public Health, Epidemiology Data Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jane A Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joel S Finkelstein
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sheng-Fang Jiang
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Arun S Karlamangla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ko BS, Ryuk JA, Hwang JT, Zhang T, Wu X, Park S. Ojayeonjonghwan, an oriental medicine composed of five seeds, protects against vasomotor and neurological disorders in estrogen-deficient rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:193-206. [PMID: 30722698 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219827847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Menopausal symptoms impair the quality of life of many women, and although conventional treatments are often effective, their use is limited by adverse effects. Ojayeonjonghwan, OJa, is a traditional Oriental medicine that is used for both male and female reproductive health and has a long history of safe use. We evaluated the effectiveness of two variations of OJa (OJa1 and OJa2) for treating menopausal symptoms in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Both OJa preparations were effective for relieving indicators of hot flashes and depression, and for preventing loss of bone mineral density and lean body mass. Only OJa 2 prevented memory dysfunction. These results show that the traditional Oriental medicine, Ojayeonjonghwan, has the potential to relieve menopausal symptoms in women and should be further evaluated in human clinical trials as an alternative to convention therapies in women for whom conventional therapies are not indicated or found to be ineffective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Seob Ko
- 1 Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
| | - Jin Ah Ryuk
- 1 Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
| | - Joo Tae Hwang
- 1 Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
| | - Ting Zhang
- 2 Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Korea
| | - Xuangao Wu
- 2 Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- 2 Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Qiao L, Chu K, Wattez JS, Lee S, Gao H, Feng GS, Hay WW, Shao J. High-fat feeding reprograms maternal energy metabolism and induces long-term postpartum obesity in mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 43:1747-1758. [PMID: 30622311 PMCID: PMC6614019 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0304-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) closely associates with postpartum obesity. However, the causal role of EGWG in postpartum obesity has not been experimentally verified. The objective of this study was to determine whether and how EGWG causes long-term postpartum obesity. Methods C57BL/6 mice were fed with high-fat diet during gestation (HFFDG) or control chow, then their body composition and energy metabolism were monitored after delivery. Results We found that HFFDG significantly increased gestational weight gain. After delivery, adiposity of HFFDG-treated mice (Preg-HF) quickly recovered to the levels of controls. However, three months after parturition, Preg-HF mice started to gain significantly more body fat even with regular chow. The increase of body fat of Preg-HF mice was progressive with aging and by 9 months after delivery had increased 2-fold above the levels of controls. The expansion of white adipose tissue (WAT) of Preg-HF mice was manifested by hyperplasia in visceral fat and hypertrophy in subcutaneous fat. Preg-HF mice developed low energy expenditure and UCP1 expression in interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) in later life. Although blood estrogen concentrations were similar between Preg-HF and control mice, a significant decrease in estrogen receptor α (ERα) expression and hypermethylation of the ERα promoter was detected in the fat of Preg-HF mice nine months after delivery. Interestingly, hypermethylation of ERα promoter and low ERα expression were only detected in adipocyte progenitor cells in both iBAT and WAT of Preg-HF mice at the end of gestation. Conclusions These results demonstrate that HFFDG causes long-term postpartum obesity independent of early postpartum fat retention. This study also suggests that HFFDG adversely programs long-term postpartum energy metabolism by epigenetically reducing estrogen signaling in both BAT and WAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Qiao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kayee Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jean-Sebastien Wattez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Samuel Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Hongfei Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Gen-Sheng Feng
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - William W Hay
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Jianhua Shao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Fait T. Menopause hormone therapy: latest developments and clinical practice. Drugs Context 2019; 8:212551. [PMID: 30636965 PMCID: PMC6317580 DOI: 10.7573/dic.212551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopause hormone therapy (MHT) is the most efficient treatment for symptoms of acute climacteric syndrome and for efficient prevention of long-term estrogen deficiency. Vaginal administration of low doses of estrogen is a therapy of choice for treatment and prevention of urogenital atrophy and its consequences. Systemic treatment may include estrogen, but an equally efficient alternative is tibolone. Nonhormonal therapy relies on phytoestrogens, black cohosh extract, and serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Fait
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty Hospital Motol, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|