1
|
Waldrop SW, Ibrahim AA, Maya J, Monthe-Dreze C, Stanford FC. Overview of Pediatric Obesity as a Disease. Pediatr Clin North Am 2024; 71:761-779. [PMID: 39343491 PMCID: PMC11443063 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
The authors highlight well-known and hypothesized pathophysiologic mechanistic links underlying obesity and the various pediatric disorders across multiple organ systems with which it is associated. Obesity is attributed to an imbalance in energy intake versus expenditure; there is growing knowledge regarding its multifactorial origins, dysfunctional physiologic processes, and adverse health consequences. Individuals with obesity exhibit variations in metabolic rate, genetic predisposition, and hormonal regulation, influencing diverse responses in regulating energy balance. Understanding the complex mechanistic relationships surrounding the pathophysiology of obesity assists in its consideration as a disease process, allowing pediatric health practitioners to manage its sequelae more effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie W Waldrop
- Section on Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, Nutrition Obesity Research Center (NORC), University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Awab Ali Ibrahim
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jacqueline Maya
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, MGH Weight Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carmen Monthe-Dreze
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fatima Cody Stanford
- Division of Endocrinology-Neuroendocrine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, MGH Weight Center, 50 Staniford Street, Suite 430, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Nutrition Obesity Research Center at Harvard (NORCH), Boston, MA, USA. https://twitter.com/askdrfatima
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Miceli DD, Jaliquias A, Gallelli MF, García JD, Vecino C, Rey Amunategui JP, Pompili GA, Espiñeira IM, Más J, Pignataro OP. Increased insulin-like growth factor 1 concentrations in a population of non-diabetic cats with overweight/obesity. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2024; 89:106858. [PMID: 38830275 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Feline hypersomatotropism (HST) is typically associated with diabetes mellitus (DM), whereas HST without concurrent DM has only been reported in a few cases. Weight gain may be observed in cats with HST. The aims of this study were to evaluate circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in non-diabetic cats with overweight/obesity, to screen this population for the presence of HST, and to assess whether there is a correlation between body weight/body condition score (BCS) and serum IGF-1 concentration in overweight/obese cats. In this prospective study, 80 overweight/obese cats from referral centers in Buenos Aires (Argentina) were evaluated. Serum IGF-1 was measured as part of the routine tests for overweight/obesity. Non-diabetic cats were included in the study if they had a BCS>6/9. Twenty-nine cats were classified as overweight (BCS 7/9), whereas 51 were classified as obese (BCS 8-9/9). Median serum IGF-1 concentrations of cats with BCS 7/9, 8/9, and 9/9 were 570 ng/ml (range 123-1456 ng/ml), 634 ng/ml (range 151-1500 ng/ml), and 598 ng/ml (range 284-2450 ng/ml), respectively. There was a positive linear correlation between serum IGF-1 concentrations and body weight (r= 0.24, 95% CI 0.01-0.44 P=0.03), and between IGF-1 and BCS (r= 0.27, 95% CI 0.08-0.44 P=0.004). In total, 8.75% (95% confidence interval 3.6-17.2%) of the cats with overweight/obesity had IGF-1 concentrations >1000 ng/ml. Pituitary enlargement was detected on computed tomography in 4/7 cases. These seven cats showed varying degrees of phenotypic changes consistent with acromegaly. A proportion of 8.75 % of overweight/obese non-diabetic cats from referral centers in Buenos Aires had serum IGF-1 concentration in a range consistent with HST in diabetic cats. Likewise, 5% of overweight/obese cats were likely to be diagnosed with HST, supported by evidence of pituitary enlargement. Serum IGF-1 concentrations were positively correlated with body weight and BCS in this population of cats. This study highlights the relevance of screening different populations of non-diabetic cats to increase the detection of HST/acromegaly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D D Miceli
- Veterinary Science Center, Maimonides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Signal Transduction, Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | | | - J D García
- Private practice, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Vecino
- Private practice, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J P Rey Amunategui
- Veterinary Science Center, Maimonides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Private practice, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - J Más
- Diagnotest Laboratory, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - O P Pignataro
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Signal Transduction, Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kineman RD, Del Rio-Moreno M, Waxman DJ. Liver-specific actions of GH and IGF1 that protect against MASLD. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024:10.1038/s41574-024-01037-0. [PMID: 39322791 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-01037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD; also known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) is a chronic condition associated with metabolic syndrome, a group of conditions that includes obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidaemia and cardiovascular disease. Primary growth hormone (GH) deficiency is associated with MASLD, and the decline in circulating levels of GH with weight gain might contribute to the development of MASLD. Raising endogenous GH secretion or administering GH replacement therapy in the context of MASLD enhances insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) production and reduces steatosis and the severity of liver injury. GH and IGF1 indirectly control MASLD progression by regulating systemic metabolic function. Evidence supports the proposal that GH and IGF1 also have a direct role in regulating liver metabolism and health. This Review focuses on how GH acts on the hepatocyte in a sex-dependent manner to limit lipid accumulation, reduce stress, and promote survival and regeneration. In addition, we discuss how GH and IGF1 might regulate non-parenchymal cells of the liver to control inflammation and fibrosis, which have a major effect on hepatocyte survival and regeneration. Development of a better understanding of how GH and IGF1 coordinate the functions of specific, individual liver cell types might provide insight into the aetiology of MASLD initiation and progression and suggest novel approaches for the treatment of MASLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda D Kineman
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Research and Development Division, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Mercedes Del Rio-Moreno
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Research and Development Division, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David J Waxman
- Department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu T, Li F, Fei Y, Sun F, Chen M, Tian X, Zheng W, Zhu Z, Wang W. Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 as a potential prognostic biomarker for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1415238. [PMID: 39355348 PMCID: PMC11442213 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1415238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Most studies have indicated that peripheral insulin-like growth levels factor-1 (IGF-1) is valuable in diagnosing heart failure, although the results have been inconsistent. To help solve the debate, we performed a meta-analysis to explore the relationship between IGF-1 and heart failure (HF). Methods We conducted an extensive search across various databases such as Embase, Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Medline, and Web of Science on May 30, 2023. From the extensive pool of studies, we selected 16 relevant articles, encompassing a total of 1,380 cases and 1,153 controls, to conduct a rigorous meta-analysis. Results The total results indicated that there is an association between lower IGF-1 level and HF. The random-effects model yielded a pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) of -0.598 (95% CI: -1.081 to -0.116, P = 0.015). Further subgroup analysis also showed that IGF-1 levels were associated with HF in the age difference ≥5 years subgroup and body mass index difference >1 subgroup. Additionally, significant association between IGF-1 levels and HF were detected in the "serum" samples and "Europe" subgroups. Importantly, we observed IGF-1 showed significant lower levels in patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) compared to the controls, not in patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The Begg's and Egger's tests revealed no indication of publication bias. Conclusions Our meta-analysis has provided evidence suggesting a substantial correlation between reduced levels of IGF-1 and the occurrence of HF. Further prospective studies are necessary to ascertain the use of IGF-1 as a reliable biomarker for diagnosing HF, especially for HFrEF. But the diagnosis of HFpEF should be cautious.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- Department of Experimental Animal Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyu Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yihuan Fei
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Fangling Sun
- Department of Experimental Animal Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengqi Chen
- Department of Experimental Animal Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Experimental Animal Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenrong Zheng
- Department of Experimental Animal Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zixin Zhu
- Department of Experimental Animal Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Experimental Animal Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Emeriau F, Amsellem-Jager J, Bouhours-Nouet N, Donzeau A, Rouleau S, Rerat S, Labarre E, Levaillant L, Coutant R. Insufficient Bone Mineralization to Sustain Mechanical Load of Weight in Obese Boys: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:1443-1453. [PMID: 38163968 PMCID: PMC11099483 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The increase in bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in obese children may not sustain the mechanical load associated with weight, and the factors influencing bone mineralization are not well known. OBJECTIVE We described bone mineralization in boys with overweight/obesity and leanness in relation to body composition. METHODS Cross-sectional study in the Pediatric Endocrinology Unit of Angers University Hospital with 249 overweight/obese boys aged 8-18 who underwent DXA and insulin, testosterone, and IGF-1 measurements. Bone mineralization was compared with data from 301 lean boys of similar age and height from NHANES 2011-2015, using the same DXA model. Path analyses were performed to evaluate factors associated with total body less head (TBLH) BMC. RESULTS The mean age- and height-adjusted difference in TBLH BMC between obese and lean boys was 241 ± 20 g/cm2. Each 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI was associated with +39 ± 6 g of TBLH BMC in lean subjects vs + 25 ± 3 g in obese subjects (P < .05). Each 1 kg/m2 increase in lean BMI (LBMI) was associated with +78 ± 5 g of TBLH BMC in lean and obese boys, and each 1 kg/m2 increase in fat mass index (FMI) was associated with a decrease of 9 ± 3 g of TBLH BMC. The TBLH BMC was directly positively influenced by LBMI and indirectly and positively influenced by IGF-1, testosterone, and insulin (mediated through height and LBMI). FMI indirectly influenced TBLH BMC, both positively through LBMI and negatively through its negative impact on IGF-1 and testosterone. CONCLUSION The increase in bone mineralization in obese children does not adapt to the increase in body mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Emeriau
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Jessica Amsellem-Jager
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
- Reference Center for Rare Pituitary Diseases, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
- Specialized Center for Obesity, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Natacha Bouhours-Nouet
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
- Reference Center for Rare Pituitary Diseases, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
- Specialized Center for Obesity, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Aurelie Donzeau
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Stephanie Rouleau
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Solène Rerat
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Emmanuelle Labarre
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Lucie Levaillant
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Régis Coutant
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
- Reference Center for Rare Pituitary Diseases, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
- Specialized Center for Obesity, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fabricius TW, Verhulst CEM, Kristensen PL, Holst JJ, Tack CJ, McCrimmon RJ, Heller SR, Evans ML, de Galan BE, Pedersen-Bjergaard U. Counterregulatory hormone and symptom responses to hypoglycaemia in people with type 1 diabetes, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes or without diabetes: the Hypo-RESOLVE hypoglycaemic clamp study. Acta Diabetol 2024; 61:623-633. [PMID: 38376580 PMCID: PMC11055751 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-024-02239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM The sympathetic nervous and hormonal counterregulatory responses to hypoglycaemia differ between people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and may change along the course of diabetes, but have not been directly compared. We aimed to compare counterregulatory hormone and symptom responses to hypoglycaemia between people with type 1 diabetes, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes and controls without diabetes, using a standardised hyperinsulinaemic-hypoglycaemic clamp. MATERIALS We included 47 people with type 1 diabetes, 15 with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes, and 32 controls without diabetes. Controls were matched according to age and sex to the people with type 1 diabetes or with type 2 diabetes. All participants underwent a hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic-(5.2 ± 0.4 mmol/L)-hypoglycaemic-(2.8 ± 0.13 mmol/L)-clamp. RESULTS The glucagon response was lower in people with type 1 diabetes (9.4 ± 0.8 pmol/L, 8.0 [7.0-10.0]) compared to type 2 diabetes (23.7 ± 3.7 pmol/L, 18.0 [12.0-28.0], p < 0.001) and controls (30.6 ± 4.7, 25.5 [17.8-35.8] pmol/L, p < 0.001). The adrenaline response was lower in type 1 diabetes (1.7 ± 0.2, 1.6 [1.3-5.2] nmol/L) compared to type 2 diabetes (3.4 ± 0.7, 2.6 [1.3-5.2] nmol/L, p = 0.001) and controls (2.7 ± 0.4, 2.8 [1.4-3.9] nmol/L, p = 0.012). Growth hormone was lower in people with type 2 diabetes than in type 1 diabetes, at baseline (3.4 ± 1.6 vs 7.7 ± 1.3 mU/L, p = 0.042) and during hypoglycaemia (24.7 ± 7.1 vs 62.4 ± 5.8 mU/L, p = 0.001). People with 1 diabetes had lower overall symptom responses than people with type 2 diabetes (45.3 ± 2.7 vs 58.7 ± 6.4, p = 0.018), driven by a lower neuroglycopenic score (27.4 ± 1.8 vs 36.7 ± 4.2, p = 0.012). CONCLUSION Acute counterregulatory hormone and symptom responses to experimental hypoglycaemia are lower in people with type 1 diabetes than in those with long-standing insulin-treated type 2 diabetes and controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Therese W Fabricius
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark.
| | - Clementine E M Verhulst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L Kristensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cees J Tack
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rory J McCrimmon
- Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Simon R Heller
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mark L Evans
- Welcome MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bastiaan E de Galan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Patton L, Ricolfi L, Bortolon M, Gabriele G, Zolesio P, Cione E, Cannataro R. Observational Study on a Large Italian Population with Lipedema: Biochemical and Hormonal Profile, Anatomical and Clinical Evaluation, Self-Reported History. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1599. [PMID: 38338878 PMCID: PMC10855605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the medical condition of 360 women affected by lipedema of the lower limbs in stages 1, 2, and 3. The data were assessed for the whole population and compared between different clinical stages, distinguishing between obese and non-obese patients. The most frequent clinical signs were pain when pinching the skin, subcutaneous nodules, and patellar fat pads. The most frequently painful site of the lower limbs was the medial lower third of the thigh. The pain score obtained on lower limb points increased progressively with the clinical stage. In all points evaluated, the thickness of the subcutaneous tissue increased with the clinical stage. Analyzing the data on the lower medial third of the leg and considering only patients with type 3 lipedema, the difference between stages was statistically significant after correction for age and BMI. We found higher levels of C-reactive protein at more severe clinical stages, and the difference was significant after correction for age and BMI between the stages. Overall, the prevalence of alterations of glucose metabolism was 34%, with a progressive increase in prevalence with the clinical stage. The most frequent comorbidities were vitamin D insufficiency, chronic venous disease, allergies, dyslipidemia, headache, and depression of mood. Interestingly, in comparison with the general population, we found higher prevalence of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and polycystic ovary syndrome. Finally, the clinical stage and the involvement of the upper limbs or obesity suggest a worse clinical, anthropometric, and endocrine-metabolic profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Patton
- Endocrinology and Lymphology Clinic, 38096 Vallelaghi, TN, Italy; (L.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Lorenzo Ricolfi
- Endocrinology and Lymphology Clinic, 38096 Vallelaghi, TN, Italy; (L.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Micaela Bortolon
- Rehabilitation Unit and Lymphology Clinic, Institute San Gregorio, 31049 Valdobbiadene, TV, Italy;
| | - Guido Gabriele
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, SI, Italy;
| | | | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy;
- Galascreen Laboratories, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Roberto Cannataro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy;
- Galascreen Laboratories, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cozma D, Siatra P, Bornstein SR, Steenblock C. Sensitivity of the Neuroendocrine Stress Axis in Metabolic Diseases. Horm Metab Res 2024; 56:65-77. [PMID: 38171373 DOI: 10.1055/a-2201-6641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are prevalent in modern society and have reached pandemic proportions. Metabolic diseases have systemic effects on the body and can lead to changes in the neuroendocrine stress axis, the critical regulator of the body's stress response. These changes may be attributed to rising insulin levels and the release of adipokines and inflammatory cytokines by adipose tissue, which affect hormone production by the neuroendocrine stress axis. Chronic stress due to inflammation may exacerbate these effects. The increased sensitivity of the neuroendocrine stress axis may be responsible for the development of metabolic syndrome, providing a possible explanation for the high prevalence of severe comorbidities such as heart disease and stroke associated with metabolic disease. In this review, we address current knowledge of the neuroendocrine stress axis in response to metabolic disease and discuss its role in developing metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cozma
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Panagiota Siatra
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Steenblock
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Puliani G, Sbardella E, Cozzolino A, Sada V, Tozzi R, Andreoli C, Fiorelli M, Di Biasi C, Corallino D, Balla A, Paganini AM, Venneri MA, Lenzi A, Lubrano C, Isidori AM. Pituitary T1 signal intensity at magnetic resonance imaging is reduced in patients with obesity: results from the CHIASM study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:948-955. [PMID: 37479795 PMCID: PMC10511316 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01338-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite obesity being well known to be associated with several pituitary hormone imbalances, pituitary appearance in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with obesity is understudied. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the pituitary volume and signal intensity at MRI in patients with obesity. METHODS This is a prospective study performed in an endocrine Italian referral center (ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier: NCT03458533). Sixty-nine patients with obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) and twenty-five subjects without obesity were enrolled. Thirty-three patients with obesity were re-evaluated after 3 years of diet and lifestyle changes, of whom 17 (51.5%) achieved a > 5% loss of their initial body weight, whereas the remaining 16 (48.5%) had maintained or gained weight. Evaluations included metabolic and hormone assessments, DEXA scan, and pituitary MRI. Pituitary signal intensity was quantified by measuring the pixel density using ImageJ software. RESULTS At baseline, no difference in pituitary volume was observed between the obese and non-obese cohorts. At the 3-year follow-up, pituitary volume was significantly reduced (p = 0.011) only in participants with stable-increased body weight. Furthermore, a significant difference was noted in the mean pituitary intensity of T1-weighted plain and contrast-enhanced sequences between the obese and non-obese cohorts at baseline (p = 0.006; p = 0.002), and a significant decrease in signal intensity was observed in the subgroup of participants who had not lost weight (p = 0.012; p = 0.017). Insulin-like growth factor-1 levels, following correction for BMI, were correlated with pituitary volume (p = 0.001) and intensity (p = 0.049), whereas morning cortisol levels were correlated with pituitary intensity (p = 0.007). The T1-weighted pituitary intensity was negatively correlated with truncal fat (p = 0.006) and fibrinogen (p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS The CHIASM study describes a quantitative reduction in pituitary intensity in T1-weighted sequences in patients with obesity. These alterations could be explained by changes in the pituitary stromal tissue, correlated with low-grade inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Puliani
- Oncological Endocrinology Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilia Sbardella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Cozzolino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Sada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Tozzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Andreoli
- Unit of Emergency Radiology, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fiorelli
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Di Biasi
- Unit of Emergency Radiology, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Diletta Corallino
- Bariatric Surgery Unit, Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties "Paride Stefanini" Sapienza University of Rome, Umberto I University Hospital, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Balla
- Bariatric Surgery Unit, Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties "Paride Stefanini" Sapienza University of Rome, Umberto I University Hospital, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro M Paganini
- Bariatric Surgery Unit, Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties "Paride Stefanini" Sapienza University of Rome, Umberto I University Hospital, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Mary Anna Venneri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Lubrano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Horwitz A, Birk R. Adipose Tissue Hyperplasia and Hypertrophy in Common and Syndromic Obesity-The Case of BBS Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:3445. [PMID: 37571382 PMCID: PMC10421039 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic state generated by the expansion of adipose tissue. Adipose tissue expansion depends on the interplay between hyperplasia and hypertrophy, and is mainly regulated by a complex interaction between genetics and excess energy intake. However, the genetic regulation of adipose tissue expansion is yet to be fully understood. Obesity can be divided into common multifactorial/polygenic obesity and monogenic obesity, non-syndromic and syndromic. Several genes related to obesity were found through studies of monogenic non-syndromic obesity models. However, syndromic obesity, characterized by additional features other than obesity, suggesting a more global role of the mutant genes related to the syndrome and, thus, an additional peripheral influence on the development of obesity, were hardly studied to date in this regard. This review summarizes present knowledge regarding the hyperplasia and hypertrophy of adipocytes in common obesity. Additionally, we highlight the scarce research on syndromic obesity as a model for studying adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy, focusing on Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS). BBS obesity involves central and peripheral mechanisms, with molecular and mechanistic alternation in adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Thus, we argue that using syndromic obesity models, such as BBS, can further advance our knowledge regarding peripheral adipocyte regulation in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Birk
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sharafutdinova KI, Shlyapina VS, Baeva AI, Timurshin AA, Sabanaeva IE, Nakieva AG, Kalashnikova MF, Khabibov MN. [Diabetes mellitus and the female reproductive system tumors]. PROBLEMY ENDOKRINOLOGII 2023; 69:103-110. [PMID: 37448252 DOI: 10.14341/probl13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The article discusses various pathophysiological conditions and processes that lead to the development of tumors in diabetes mellitus. These include obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The data of epidemiological studies are given, in which it was found that diabetes mellitus (both type 1 and type 2) increases the risk of developing the female reproductive system tumors, such as ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, while for cervical cancer, vaginal cancer and vulvar cancer, such a relationship has not been clearly identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - V S Shlyapina
- Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov
| | - A I Baeva
- Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov
| | | | | | | | | | - M N Khabibov
- First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
The obesity epidemic in aging populations poses significant public health concerns for greater morbidity and mortality risk. Age-related increased adiposity is multifactorial and often associated with reduced lean body mass. The criteria used to define obesity by body mass index in younger adults may not appropriately reflect age-related body composition changes. No consensus has been reached on the definition of sarcopenic obesity in older adults. Lifestyle interventions are generally recommended as initial therapy; however, these approaches have limitations in older adults. Similar benefits in older compared with younger adults are reported with pharmacotherapy, however, large randomized clinical trials in geriatric populations are lacking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Malandrino
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, 1830 East Monument Street, Suite 333, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Salman Z Bhat
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, 1830 East Monument Street, Suite 333, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Maha Alfaraidhy
- The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rajvarun S Grewal
- California Health Sciences University - College of Osteopathic Medicine (CHSU-COM), 2500 Alluvial Avenue, Clovis, CA 93611, USA
| | - Rita Rastogi Kalyani
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, 1830 East Monument Street, Suite 333, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Center on Aging and Health, The Johns Hopkins University, 2024 East Monument Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Al-Samerria S, Radovick S. Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Targeting GH and IGF-1 in the Management of Obesity: Insights from the Interplay between These Hormones and Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9556. [PMID: 37298507 PMCID: PMC10253584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing public health problem worldwide, and GH and IGF-1 have been studied as potential therapeutic targets for managing this condition. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive view of the interplay between GH and IGF-1 and metabolism within the context of obesity. We conducted a systematic review of the literature that was published from 1993 to 2023, using MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases. We included studies that investigated the effects of GH and IGF-1 on adipose tissue metabolism, energy balance, and weight regulation in humans and animals. Our review highlights the physiological functions of GH and IGF-1 in adipose tissue metabolism, including lipolysis and adipogenesis. We also discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the effects of these hormones on energy balance, such as their influence on insulin sensitivity and appetite regulation. Additionally, we summarize the current evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of GH and IGF-1 as therapeutic targets for managing obesity, including in pharmacological interventions and hormone replacement therapy. Finally, we address the challenges and limitations of targeting GH and IGF-1 in obesity management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarmed Al-Samerria
- Laboratory of Human Growth and Reproductive Development, Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Barone I, Gelsomino L, Accattatis FM, Giordano F, Gyorffy B, Panza S, Giuliano M, Veneziani BM, Arpino G, De Angelis C, De Placido P, Bonofiglio D, Andò S, Giordano C, Catalano S. Analysis of circulating extracellular vesicle derived microRNAs in breast cancer patients with obesity: a potential role for Let-7a. J Transl Med 2023; 21:232. [PMID: 37004031 PMCID: PMC10064709 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04075-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of obesity, a known risk factor for several metabolic and chronic diseases, including numerous malignancies, has risen sharply in the world. Various clinical studies demonstrate that excessive Body Mass Index (BMI) may worsen the incidence, prognosis, and mortality rates of breast cancer. Thus, understanding the link tying up obesity and breast cancer onset and progression is critically important, as it can impact patients' survival and quality of life. Recently, circulating extracellular vesicle (EV) derived miRNAs have attracted much attention for their diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential in oncology research. Although the potential role of EV-derived miRNAs in the early detection of breast cancer has been repeatedly mentioned, screening of miRNAs packaged within serum EVs has not yet been reported in patients with obesity. METHODS Circulating EVs were isolated from normal weight (NW), and overweight/obese (OW/Ob) breast cancer patients and characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA), and protein marker expression. Evaluation of EV-associated miRNAs was conducted in a screening (RNA-seq) and a validation (qRT-PCR) cohort. Bioinformatic analysis was performed to uncover significantly enriched biological processes, molecular functions and pathways. ROC and Kaplain-Meier survival analyses were used for clinical significance. RESULTS Comparison of serum EV-derived miRNAs from NW and OW/Ob patients detected seven differentially expressed miRNAs (let-7a-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-30d-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-27b-3p, miR-4772-3p, and miR-10a-5p) in the screening cohort. GO analysis revealed the enrichment of protein phosphorylation, intracellular signal transduction, signal transduction, and vesicle-mediated transport among the top biological processes. In addition, the target genes were significantly enriched in pathways related to PI3K/Akt, growth hormones, and insulin signalings, which are all involved in obesity-related diseases and/or breast cancer progression. In the validation cohort, qRT-PCR confirmed a significant down-regulation of EV-derived let-7a in the serum of OW/Ob breast cancer patients compared to NW patients. Let-7a levels also exhibited a negative correlation with BMI values. Importantly, decreased let-7a miRNA expression was associated with higher tumor grade and poor survival in patients with breast cancer. CONCLUSION These results suggest that serum-EV derived miRNAs may reflect a differential profile in relation to a patient's BMI, which, once validated in larger cohorts of patients, could provide insights into novel specific biomarkers and innovative targets to prevent the progression of obesity-mediated breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata Di Rende (CS), 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata Di Rende (CS), 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Luca Gelsomino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata Di Rende (CS), 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata Di Rende (CS), 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Felice Maria Accattatis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata Di Rende (CS), 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata Di Rende (CS), 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Francesca Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata Di Rende (CS), 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Balazs Gyorffy
- Departments of Bioinformatics and Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
- TTK Cancer Biomarker Research Group, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Salvatore Panza
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata Di Rende (CS), 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Mario Giuliano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Veneziani
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Grazia Arpino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine De Angelis
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro De Placido
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata Di Rende (CS), 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata Di Rende (CS), 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata Di Rende (CS), 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata Di Rende (CS), 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata Di Rende (CS), 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata Di Rende (CS), 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata Di Rende (CS), 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata Di Rende (CS), 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yuan Y, He J, Tang M, Chen H, Wei T, Zhang B, Liang D, Nie X. Preventive effect of Ya'an Tibetan tea on obesity in rats fed with a hypercaloric high-fat diet revealed by gut microbiology and metabolomics studies. Food Res Int 2023; 165:112520. [PMID: 36869524 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ya'an Tibetan Tea (YATT) is a classic dark tea variety fermented with a unique geographical environment and traditional craftsmanship. Previous research indicates that it is beneficial for obesity and related metabolic disorders, but no systematic research currently reveals its precise mechanisms. This work investigated the preventive effect of YATT on obesity and the corresponding potential mechanisms by performing 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics studies. Our results demonstrated that YATT could significantly improve the body weight and fat deposition in hypercaloric high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats, enhance antioxidant enzymes activity and reduce inflammation, and reverse the liver damage caused by an HFD. Moreover, 16S rRNA analysis showed that YATT could improve the intestinal microbial disorders caused by the HFD by significantly reversing the increase in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes(F/B)ratio and the relative abundance of flora associated with the HFD, such as unclassified_Lachnospiraceae and Romboutsia flora. In addition, metabolomic analysis of cecum contents identified 121 differential metabolites, of which 19 were common to all experimental rats fed with and without a high-fat diet. Strikingly, 17 of the most prevalent 19 differential metabolites, including Theobromine, L-Valine, and Diisobutyl phthalate, were considerably reversed by YATT. Enrichment analysis of the metabolic pathways of these differential metabolites indicated that Caffeine metabolism, Phenylalanine metabolism, and Lysine degradation are the potential metabolic pathways responsible for the obesity prevention effect of YATT. Collectively, this work revealed that YATT has good potential for obesity prevention and the improvement of intestinal microbial communities, potentially due to the YATT-induced alterations in the metabolic pathways and functional metabolite levels of caffeine and amino acids. These results inform the material basis of YATT for obesity prevention and its mechanisms and provide essential insights for developing YATT as a healthy beverage for obesity prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy & Medical Laboratory, Ya'an Polytechnic College, Ya'an 625000, Sichuan, China; College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jingliu He
- Department of Pharmacy & Medical Laboratory, Ya'an Polytechnic College, Ya'an 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Tang
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health at the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Wei
- Department of Pharmacy & Medical Laboratory, Ya'an Polytechnic College, Ya'an 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy & Medical Laboratory, Ya'an Polytechnic College, Ya'an 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Dawei Liang
- Department of Pharmacy & Medical Laboratory, Ya'an Polytechnic College, Ya'an 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuqiang Nie
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health at the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mosca A, Della Volpe L, Alisi A, Panera N, Maggiore G, Vania A. The Role of the GH/IGF1 Axis on the Development of MAFLD in Pediatric Patients with Obesity. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121221. [PMID: 36557260 PMCID: PMC9788441 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The anomalies of the Growth Hormone (GH)/Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF1) axis are associated with a higher prevalence of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) and with a more rapid progression towards fibrosis, cirrhosis, and end-stage liver disease. A total of 191 adolescents with obesity [12−18 years] were consecutively enrolled between January 2014 and December 2020 and underwent liver biopsy to diagnose MAFLD severity. In all patients GH, IGF1 and Insulin-like Growth Factor-Binding Protein 3 (IGFBP3) were measured. Patients with inflammation and ballooning have significantly lower values of GH and IGF1 than those without (GH: 5.4 vs. 7.5 ng/mL; IGF1 245 vs. 284 ng/mL, p < 0.05). GH and IGF1 were also negatively correlated with fibrosis’ degree (r = −0.51, p = 0.001, and r = −0.45, p = 0.001, respectively). Only GH correlated with TNF-a (r = −0.29, p = 0.04) and lobular inflammation (r = −0.36, p = 0.02). At multivariate regression, both GH and IGF1 values, after adjustment for age, sex and BMI, were negatively associated with HOMA-IR but above all with fibrosis (GH→β = −2.3, p = 0.001, IGF1→β = −2.8, p = 0.001). Even in the pediatric population, a reduction of GH input in the liver directly promotes development of de novo hepatic lipogenesis, steatosis, fibrosis and inflammation. The possible role of recombinant GH administration in adolescents with obesity and severe MAFLD deserves to be studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Mosca
- Hepatogastroenterology, Nutrition, Digestive Endoscopy and Liver Transplant Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Luca Della Volpe
- Hepatogastroenterology, Nutrition, Digestive Endoscopy and Liver Transplant Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Alisi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia Panera
- Pathology Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maggiore
- Hepatogastroenterology, Nutrition, Digestive Endoscopy and Liver Transplant Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Guo S, Zheng J, Li G. Effects of growth hormone on lipid metabolism and sexual development in pubertal obese male rats. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:1531-1540. [PMID: 36474704 PMCID: PMC9691983 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of growth hormone (GH) on pubertal obese male rats, a rat model of high-fat diet-induced obesity was established in juvenile male rats. The model rats were divided into the treatment group (GH) and the non-treatment group (physiological saline). After 4 weeks, we measured the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), estrogen (E2), testosterone (T), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1). The morphological changes of the liver and testis were assessed, and the expression of aromatase was detected. The levels of ALT, AST, TC, TG, LDL-C, E2, and IGF-1 in the treatment group were significantly lower than in the non-treated model rats (P < 0.001). The levels of HDL-C and T of GH-treated rats were significantly higher than those of the non-treatment group (P < 0.001). Compared with non-treated model rats, GH-treated model rats showed reduced liver steatosis, improved morphological structure of the testicular seminiferous tubules, and an increased number of spermatogenic cells. The treatment group also showed lower expression of aromatase in the liver and testis compared with the non-treatment group. GH partially protected pubertal male rats from obesity-induced lipid metabolic disorder and sexual retardation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China
| | - Juan Zheng
- Department of Joint Laboratory for Translational Medicine Research, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Guimei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Insulin-like growth factor-1 levels are associated with high comorbidity of metabolic disorders in obese subjects; a Japanese single-center, retrospective-study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20130. [PMID: 36418379 PMCID: PMC9684525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays important roles in metabolic functions, especially in adulthood. Additionally, obese subjects are reportedly predisposed to having low absolute IGF-1 levels. However, the prevalence and clinical characteristics of obese subjects with low IGF-1 levels are unknown. We examined 64 obese subjects with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2, with no history of endocrinological disorders, receiving inpatient care. IGF-1 levels were interpreted based on the IGF-1 standard deviation score (SDS) clinically used and standardized by age and sex (low IGF-1 group; ≤ - 2.0 SDS and standard IGF-1 group; - 2.0 < and < + 2.0 SDS). Notably, 26.6% of the subjects had low IGF-1. Body fat mass and percentage, but not BMI, were significantly higher in the low than in the standard IGF-1 group. Furthermore, natural log-transformed high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and the frequencies of dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia were higher in the low IGF-1 group. Moreover, among the subjects without diabetes, fasting glucose levels were significantly higher in the low IGF-1 group. Stepwise variable selection procedure revealed body fat percentage to be a parameter most strongly associated with low IGF-1. Thus, low IGF-1 levels may be an important marker of adiposity-associated metabolic disorders in obese patients.
Collapse
|
19
|
Important Hormones Regulating Lipid Metabolism. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207052. [PMID: 36296646 PMCID: PMC9607181 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a wide variety of kinds of lipids, and complex structures which determine the diversity and complexity of their functions. With the basic characteristic of water insolubility, lipid molecules are independent of the genetic information composed by genes to proteins, which determine the particularity of lipids in the human body, with water as the basic environment and genes to proteins as the genetic system. In this review, we have summarized the current landscape on hormone regulation of lipid metabolism. After the well-studied PI3K-AKT pathway, insulin affects fat synthesis by controlling the activity and production of various transcription factors. New mechanisms of thyroid hormone regulation are discussed, receptor α and β may mediate different procedures, the effect of thyroid hormone on mitochondria provides a new insight for hormones regulating lipid metabolism. Physiological concentration of adrenaline induces the expression of extrapituitary prolactin in adipose tissue macrophages, which promotes fat weight loss. Manipulation of hormonal action has the potential to offer a new therapeutic horizon for the global burden of obesity and its associated complications such as morbidity and mortality.
Collapse
|
20
|
Papadimitriou A, Marakaki C, Papadimitriou DT. Growth variations with opposite clinical outcomes and the emerging role of IGF-1. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:359-370. [PMID: 35331614 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Normal growth pattern variations [i.e., constitutional advancement and constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CAGP and CDGP)] are the mirror image of each other and are associated with early puberty (EP) and delayed puberty (DP), respectively. Differences between CAGP and CDGP relate not only to auxological characteristics (height, weight) but also to insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). IGF-1 levels in CAGP are above average whereas in CDGP they are below average, suggesting a role for IGF-1 in the induction of these growth patterns. Herein, we provide data suggesting that early activation of the growth hormone (GH)/IGF-1 axis induces the growth pattern of CAGP. Moreover, we suggest that IGF-1 is a decisive factor for the release of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) inhibition brake that occurs in prepuberty. It is therefore crucial for puberty onset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Papadimitriou
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Third Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University Hospital, Haidari, Athens, Greece.
| | - Chrisanthi Marakaki
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Third Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University Hospital, Haidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios T Papadimitriou
- Pediatric-Adolescent Endocrinology and Diabetes, Athens Medical Center, Marousi and Endocrine Unit, Aretaeion University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lopes AA, Albuquerque L, Fontes M, Rego D, Bandeira F. Body Composition in Acromegaly According to Disease Activity - Performance of Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry and Multifrequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:866099. [PMID: 35663315 PMCID: PMC9159810 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.866099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION the present study aims to evaluate body composition and its relationship with hormonal control in acromegaly, also comparing the performance of Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), a more accessible method, with dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), technology frequently used in current studies. METHODS we studied 28 patients (78% female) of whom 13 with active disease, mean age was 52.11 ± 12.53 years; 64% had high blood pressure (HBP) and 50% had type 2 diabetes (T2D). RESULTS Although patients with controlled disease had lower serum GH (1.2 ± 1.68µg/L vs 6.61 ± 6.40µg/L, p=0.001) and IGF-1 (158.89 ± 54.53ng/mL and 503.31 ± 253.25ng/mL, p<0.001), they did not differ in body composition: percentage of fat mass: 36.13 ± 11.84% vs 37.73 ± 8.76%, p=0.691 for BIA and 37.10 ± 10.21% vs 37.89 ± 7.32%, p=0.819 for DXA; muscle mass parameters, BIA: FFMI 18.68 ± 2.38kg/m2vs 19.14 ± 1.59kg/m2, p=0.560; SMI 10.17 ± 1.39kg/m2vs 10.53 ± 1.01kg/m2, p=0.438; DXA: Baumgartner 7.99 ± 1.43kg/m2vs 8.02 ± 1.24kg/m2, p=0.947, respectively for controlled and active disease. Patients with controlled acromegaly had lower fasting glucose (110.33 ± 55.48mg/dL vs 129.77 ± 40.17mg/dL, p=0.033) and were less likely to have persistent T2D (28.6 vs 71.4%, p=0.008) and HBP (38.9 vs 61.1%, p=0.049). There were strong positive correlations between BIA and DXA for fat mass (r=0.929, p<0.001) and muscle mass parameters: SMI X Baumgartner: r=0.890, p<0.001; and FFMI X Baumgartner: r=0.868, p<0.001. CONCLUSION our data showed similar results in body composition assessment by BIA and DXA, with good correlation between the methods, regardless of the hormonal status of acromegaly. Furthermore, in patients with adequate hormonal control, there was preservation of muscle mass and a lower prevalence of metabolic comorbidities, such as T2D and HBP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Alves Lopes
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Pernambuco Medical School, Recife, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Aline Alves Lopes,
| | | | - Mayara Fontes
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Agamenon Magalhães Hospital, University of Pernambuco Medical School, Recife, Brazil
| | - Daniella Rego
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Agamenon Magalhães Hospital, University of Pernambuco Medical School, Recife, Brazil
| | - Francisco Bandeira
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Pernambuco Medical School, Recife, Brazil
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Agamenon Magalhães Hospital, University of Pernambuco Medical School, Recife, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang G, Yang Q, Li Y, Zhang Y, Chen S, He D, Zhang M, Ban B, Liu F. Association Between the Growth Hormone/Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Axis and Muscle Density in Children and Adolescents of Short Stature. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:920200. [PMID: 35774144 PMCID: PMC9238351 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.920200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis and muscle density in children and adolescents of short stature. METHODS Participants were children and adolescents of short stature hospitalized in the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University between January 2020 and June 2021. All participants had CT scan images available. We performed an analysis of the images to calculate the muscle density or skeletal muscle attenuation (SMA), skeletal muscle index (SMI), and fat mass index (FMI). Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was used to ensure that chest CT is a credible way of evaluating body composition. RESULTS A total of 297 subjects were included with the mean age of 10.00 ± 3.42 years, mean height standard deviation score (SDS) of -2.51 ± 0.53, and mean IGF-1 SDS of -0.60 ± 1.07. The areas of muscle and fat tissues at the fourth thoracic vertebra level in the CT images showed strong correlation with the total weights of the participants (R2 = 0.884 and 0.897, respectively). The peak of GH was negatively associated with FMI (r = - 0.323, P <.01) and IGF-1 SDS was positively associated with SMI (r = 0.303, P <.01). Both the peak GH and IGF-1 SDS were positively associated with SMA (r = 0.244, P <.01 and r = 0.165, P <.05, respectively). Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis demonstrated that the GH peak was the predictor of FMI (β = - 0.210, P < .01), the IGF-1 SDS was the predictor of SMI (β = 0.224, P < .01), and both the peak GH and IGF-1 SDS were predictors of SMA (β = 0.180, P < .01 and β = 0.222, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS A chest CT scan is a credible method of evaluating body composition in children and adolescents of short stature. In these patients, peak GH and IGF-1 SDS are independent predictors of muscle density and the GF/IGF-1 axis may regulate body composition through complex mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yanying Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Shuxiong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Dongye He
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Bo Ban
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Fupeng Liu, ; Bo Ban,
| | - Fupeng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Fupeng Liu, ; Bo Ban,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Towards Understanding the Direct and Indirect Actions of Growth Hormone in Controlling Hepatocyte Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102532. [PMID: 34685512 PMCID: PMC8533955 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is critical for achieving normal structural growth. In addition, GH plays an important role in regulating metabolic function. GH acts through its GH receptor (GHR) to modulate the production and function of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and insulin. GH, IGF1, and insulin act on multiple tissues to coordinate metabolic control in a context-specific manner. This review will specifically focus on our current understanding of the direct and indirect actions of GH to control liver (hepatocyte) carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the context of normal fasting (sleep) and feeding (wake) cycles and in response to prolonged nutrient deprivation and excess. Caveats and challenges related to the model systems used and areas that require further investigation towards a clearer understanding of the role GH plays in metabolic health and disease are discussed.
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis is a tightly regulated system that represents one of the body’s mechanisms for responding to acute and chronic stress. Prolonged stress and/or inadequate regulation of the stress system can lead to a condition of chronic hypercortisolism or, in some cases, a blunted cortisol response to stress, contributing to insulin resistance, increased adiposity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Moreover, acute and chronic stress can exacerbate or worsen metabolic conditions by supporting an inflammatory state and a tight relationship between stress, inflammation and adipose tissue has been reported and has been a growing subject of interest in recent years. We reviewed and summarized the evidence supporting hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysregulation as an important biological link between stress, obesity, inflammation and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, we emphasized the possible role of infectious-related stress such as SarsCov2 infection in adrenal axis dysregulation, insulin resistance and diabetes in a bidirectional link. Understanding and better defining the links between stress and obesity or diabetes could contribute to further definition of the pathogenesis and the management of stress-related complications, in which the HPA axis dysregulation has a primary role.
Collapse
|