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Zinicovscaia I, Narmandakh J, Yushin N, Peshkova A, Chaligava O, Tsendsuren TO, Tserendorj B, Tsogbadrakh T. Assessment of Air Pollution in Ulaanbaatar Using the Moss Bag Technique. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2024; 86:152-164. [PMID: 38329491 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-024-01050-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Active moss biomonitoring, the so-called moss bag technique, widely applied in many countries, for the first time, was applied to assess the air quality in Ulaanbaatar (Mongolia). Moss bags with Sphagnum girgensohnii Russow were exposed in triplicate in three different periods: December-February, March-May, and December-May at 13 governmental air quality monitoring stations located in the vicinity of thermal power plants and residential areas. The plant tissue content of Al, Ba, Co, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, P, Pb, Sr, S, V, As, and Zn was determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, and a direct mercury analyzer was used to determine the Hg content. The samples in residential areas and near thermal power plants that were exposed for 3 months in winter and for 6 months (winter to spring) were characterized by the highest accumulation of the elements. In the moss bags exposed during spring, maximum accumulation of the determined elements was noted in residential areas and near main roads. Regardless of the exposure time and duration, the highest accumulation of Al, Fe, and V was determined at Dambadarjaa air quality station located near a highway and of Hg near the Amgalan power plant. Significant differences in element accumulation between seasons were observed, thus, the accumulation of Al, Ba, As, Co, Cr, Fe, Pb, V, and Zn was higher in spring, while P and S had higher content in the moss samples exposed during winter. The accumulation of elements over the 6-month exposure period was 1.1-6.7 times higher than that of the 3-month periods. Thus, the 6-month exposure can be considered a reliable deployment period as it ensures an adequate signal in terms of enrichment of pollutants. Factor analysis was applied to highlight the association of elements and to link them with possible sources of emission. Three factors were determined, the first one included Al, As, Ba, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Pb, Sr, and V and was identified as a geogenic-anthropogenic, the second (Cu, P, and S) and third (Cd and Zn) factors suggested anthropogenic origin. The Relative accumulation factor and enrichment factor were calculated to evaluate the level of air pollution and possible element sources. Considerable contributors to air pollution were Zn, Fe, As, V, Cr, and Al, which may originate from airborne soil particles of crustal matter or transport, as well as coal combustion for heating and cooking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Zinicovscaia
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, Dubna, Russian Federation, 141980.
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Str., MG-6, Bucharest, Magurele, Romania.
- Institute of Chemistry, Academiei Str. 3, 2028, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova.
| | - Jargalan Narmandakh
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Peace Ave 54B, Ulaanbaatar, 13330, Mongolia
| | - Nikita Yushin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, Dubna, Russian Federation, 141980
| | - Alexandra Peshkova
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, Dubna, Russian Federation, 141980
| | - Omari Chaligava
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, Dubna, Russian Federation, 141980
- Faculty of Informatics and Control Systems, Georgian Technical University, 77 Merab Kostava Street, 0171, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Tsog-Ochir Tsendsuren
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Peace Ave 54B, Ulaanbaatar, 13330, Mongolia
| | - Bolortamir Tserendorj
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Peace Ave 54B, Ulaanbaatar, 13330, Mongolia
| | - Tsolmon Tsogbadrakh
- Department of Metropolitan Air and Environmental Pollution Control, Ulaanbaatar, 17100, Mongolia
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Pacín C, Martínez-Abaigar J, Núñez-Olivera E, Aboal JR, De Nicola F, Fernández JÁ. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels in PM 10 and bulk deposition using Mosspheres: A pilot study in an urban environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 223:115406. [PMID: 36746206 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Study air polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) capturing the spatial variability of their concentrations is not economically feasible with conventional methods. In the present work we tested, for the first time and under real conditions, the suitability for intensive monitoring and mapping these contaminants of innovative, cost-effective passive air samplers known as "Mosspheres". The Mosspheres, filled with a devitalised Sphagnum palustre L. moss clone, were placed in a 575 m. grid in a medium-sized European city for three months. Concentrations in the moss tissues of 15 priority PAHs, including benzo(a)pyrene, were determined and converted into PM10 and bulk deposition with the equations proposed in a recent study. Low concentrations of PAHs were detected, with only a few enriched points never exceeding the legal thresholds, near industrial areas and busy roads. Despite these low PAH concentrations, Mosspheres were able to detect spatial structure for several PAHs and high-resolution pollution maps were constructed for these compounds. The results prove the high sensitivity and suitability of Mosspheres for mapping PAH levels and for quantitative (i.e. PAHs with 4 or more rings) and qualitative (3-ring PAHs) monitoring. Thus, this study supports their widespread application and its potential inclusion in European Directives on air quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carme Pacín
- CRETUS Center, Department of Functional Biology, Ecology Unit, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Javier Martínez-Abaigar
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006, Logroño Spain
| | | | - Jesús R Aboal
- CRETUS Center, Department of Functional Biology, Ecology Unit, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Flavia De Nicola
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, Università degli Studi del Sannio di Benevento, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - J Ángel Fernández
- CRETUS Center, Department of Functional Biology, Ecology Unit, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Świsłowski P, Hrabák P, Wacławek S, Liskova K, Antos V, Rajfur M, Ząbkowska-Wacławek M. The Application of Active Biomonitoring with the Use of Mosses to Identify Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in an Atmospheric Aerosol. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237258. [PMID: 34885844 PMCID: PMC8659324 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biological indicators of environmental quality is an alternative method of monitoring ecosystem pollution. Various groups of contaminants, including organic ones, can be measured in environmental samples. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have not yet been determined by the moss bag technique. This technique uses several moss species simultaneously in urban areas to select the best biomonitoring of these compounds, which are dangerous to humans and the environment. In this research, a gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used for the determination of selected PAHs in three species of mosses: Pleurozium schreberi, Sphagnum fallax and Dicranum polysetum (active biomonitoring) and for comparison using an air filter reference method for atmospheric aerosol monitoring. The chlorophyll fluorescence of photosystem II (PSII) was also measured to assess changes in moss viability during the study. As a result of the study, the selective accumulation of selected PAHs by mosses was found, with Pleurozium schreberi being the best bioindicator—9 out of 13 PAHs compounds were determined in this species. The photosynthetic yield of photosystem (II) decreased by 81% during the exposure time. The relationship between PAHs concentrations in mosses and the total suspended particles (TSP) on the filter indicated the possibility of using this bioindicator to trace PAHs in urban areas and to apply the moss bag technique as a method supporting classical instrumental air monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Świsłowski
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Oleska 22 St., 45-022 Opole, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Pavel Hrabák
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská St. 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec 1, Czech Republic; (P.H.); (S.W.); (K.L.); (V.A.)
| | - Stanisław Wacławek
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská St. 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec 1, Czech Republic; (P.H.); (S.W.); (K.L.); (V.A.)
| | - Klára Liskova
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská St. 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec 1, Czech Republic; (P.H.); (S.W.); (K.L.); (V.A.)
| | - Vojtěch Antos
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská St. 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec 1, Czech Republic; (P.H.); (S.W.); (K.L.); (V.A.)
| | - Małgorzata Rajfur
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Opole, Kominka 6a St., 45-032 Opole, Poland;
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Carrieri V, Fernández JÁ, Aboal JR, Picariello E, De Nicola F. Accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the devitalized aquatic moss Fontinalis antipyretica: From laboratory to field conditions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2021; 50:1196-1206. [PMID: 34273176 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to test the feasibility of a Fontinalis antipyretica devitalized moss clone to uptake and accumulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from surface waters. To assess the capability of the devitalized clone to accumulate PAHs, in the laboratory, moss was placed in water and spiked with increasing concentrations of 16 PAHs, and under field conditions, the moss was transplanted to 22 sites of Galicia (Spain) rivers. In general, PAH concentrations in water samples were lower than the maximum allowable concentrations from Directive 2013/39/EU, so the sampling sites did not show water PAH contamination. The exponential accumulation kinetic in the laboratory trial highlights a good capability of the devitalized moss clone to accumulate total PAHs. In field experiments, the hydrogeological conditions and the low emission sources caused low concentrations of PAHs in the water system and, consequently, in the transplants, although an enrichment can be observed for several PAHs. Overall, the devitalized clone of F. antipyretica can uptake and accumulate PAHs in water and may be useful in bioremediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Carrieri
- Dep. of Sciences and Technologies, Univ. of Sannio, Benevento, 82100, Italy
| | - José Ángel Fernández
- Dep. of Functional Biology, Univ. of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Jesús Ramón Aboal
- Dep. of Functional Biology, Univ. of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Enrica Picariello
- Dep. of Sciences and Technologies, Univ. of Sannio, Benevento, 82100, Italy
| | - Flavia De Nicola
- Dep. of Sciences and Technologies, Univ. of Sannio, Benevento, 82100, Italy
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5
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Comess S, Donovan G, Gatziolis D, Deziel NC. Exposure to atmospheric metals using moss bioindicators and neonatal health outcomes in Portland, Oregon. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117343. [PMID: 34030082 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Studying the impacts of prenatal atmospheric heavy-metal exposure is challenging, because biological exposure monitoring does not distinguish between specific sources, and high-resolution air monitoring data is lacking for heavy metals. Bioindicators - animal or plant species that can capture environmental quality - are a low-cost tool for evaluating exposure to atmospheric heavy-metal pollution that have received little attention in the public-health literature. We obtained birth records for Portland, Oregon live births (2008-2014) and modeled metal concentrations derived from 346 samples of moss bioindicators collected in 2013. Exposure estimates were assigned using mother's residential address at birth for six metals with known toxic and estrogenic effects (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, lead). Associations were evaluated for continuous (cts) and quartile-based (Q) metal estimates and three birth outcomes (preterm birth (PTB; <37 weeks)), very PTB (vPTB; <32 weeks), small for gestational age (SGA; 10th percentile of weight by age and sex)) using logistic regression models with adjustment for demographic characteristics, and stratified by maternal race. Chromium and cobalt were associated with increased odds of vPTB (chromium - odds ratio (OR)cts = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.17; cobalt - ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.71). Cobalt, chromium and cadmium were significantly associated with odds of SGA, although the direction of association differed by metal (cobalt - ORcts = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.07; chromium - ORQ3vsQ1 = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.83, 0.99; cadmium - ORcts = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93, 1.00). In stratified analyses, odds of SGA were significantly different among non-white mothers compared to white mothers with exposure to chromium, cobalt, lead and nickel. This novel application of a moss-based exposure metric found that exposure to some atmospheric metals is associated with adverse birth outcomes. These findings are consistent with previous literature and suggest that moss bioindicators are a useful complement to traditional exposure-assessment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Comess
- Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Geoffrey Donovan
- USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, 620 SW Main, Suite 502, Portland, OR, 97205, USA.
| | - Demetrios Gatziolis
- USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, 620 SW Main, Suite 502, Portland, OR, 97205, USA
| | - Nicole C Deziel
- Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
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6
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Gioda A, Beringui K, Justo EPS, Ventura LMB, Massone CG, Costa SSL, Oliveira SS, Araujo RGO, Nascimento NDM, Severino HGS, Duyck CB, de Souza JR, Saint Pierre TD. A Review on Atmospheric Analysis Focusing on Public Health, Environmental Legislation and Chemical Characterization. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1772-1794. [PMID: 34092145 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1919985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric pollution has been considered one of the most important topics in environmental science once it can be related to the incidence of respiratory diseases, climate change, and others. Knowing the composition of this complex and variable mixture of gases and particulate matter is crucial to understand the damages it causes, help establish limit levels, reduce emissions, and mitigate risks. In this work, the current scenario of the legislation and guideline values for indoor and outdoor atmospheric parameters will be reviewed, focusing on the inorganic and organic compositions of particulate matter and on biomonitoring. Considering the concentration level of the contaminants in air and the physical aspects (meteorological conditions) involved in the dispersion of these contaminants, different approaches for air sampling and analysis have been developed in recent years. Finally, this review presents the importance of data analysis, whose main objective is to transform analytical results into reliable information about the significance of anthropic activities in air pollution and its possible sources. This information is a useful tool to help the government implement actions against atmospheric air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Gioda
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Karmel Beringui
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elizanne P S Justo
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana M B Ventura
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto Estadual do Ambiente (INEA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos G Massone
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Silvânio Silvério Lopes Costa
- Núcleo de Petróleo e Gás, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.,Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Sidimar Santos Oliveira
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Rennan Geovanny Oliveira Araujo
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do CNPq - INCT de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Nivia de M Nascimento
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Departamento de Geoquímica e Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Hemmely Guilhermond S Severino
- Departamento de Geoquímica e Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christiane B Duyck
- Departamento de Geoquímica e Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Rodrigues de Souza
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Universidade Estadual Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tatiana D Saint Pierre
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Kronik OM, Prothmann J, Troché G, Svensmark B, Nielsen NJ, Christensen JH. A study of the spatial distribution patterns of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in crowberry (Empetrum nigrum) in Ilulissat, Greenland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:23133-23142. [PMID: 33442805 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12365-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are produced by anthropogenic activities, such as traffic and domestic heating. Due to their adverse effects to humans and natural habitats, the presence of PAHs in the environment needs to be monitored. Plants are known as natural accumulators of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and can therefore be used for the monitoring of PAHs emitted into the environment. Contamination by PAHs also occurs in the Arctic such as Greenland due to long-range transport through air. However, as anthropogenic activities in the Arctic are increasing, there is a need to investigate the distribution of PAHs due to local emission sources. In this study, we present a systematic sampling approach to identify the influence of PAH sources in an area next to the town of Ilulissat in Greenland. Composite crowberry samples have been collected north of Ilulissat, where the town itself, an incineration site and Ilulissat airport are possible emission sources for PAHs. Matrix solid-phase extraction was used for the extraction of PAHs and the chemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (GC-MS). In total, 18 out of 19 investigated PAHs could be detected in Empetrum nigrum in a concentration range of 0.69 to 93.01 μg/kgdry weight. Higher concentrations for most of the targeted PAHs were found close to the suspected emission sources and also along the road connecting them. For pyrene, the correlation between the concentration and the distance from the emission sources could be modelled and visualized using a two-dimensional exponential variogram and ordinary kriging. The range in which the samples were spatially correlated was approximately 500 m. Our results show that local emission sources contribute to the spatial distribution patterns of PAHs. Monitoring of pollution by airborne PAHs is therefore needed even in areas far from major pollution sources such as Ilulissat, Greenland. E. nigrum showed to be a feasible species for biomonitoring of PAHs due to its large abundance in the sampling area and its widespread availability in the Artic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Munk Kronik
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jens Prothmann
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gaudry Troché
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Bo Svensmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Nikoline Juul Nielsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jan H Christensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Rogova N, Ryzhakova N, Gusvitskii K, Eruntsov V. Studying the influence of seasonal conditions and period of exposure on trace element concentrations in the moss-transplant Pylaisia polyantha. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:168. [PMID: 33683486 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-08900-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of seasonal conditions and exposure periods on trace element concentrations in samples of the epiphytic moss Pylaisia polyantha when transplanted into urban areas. This assessment was carried out in summer and winter at four sites differing in their level of technogenic trace element load. The contents of 25 trace elements (As, Ba, Br, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hf, La, Lu, Mo, Nd, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sm, Sr, Tb, Th, U, Yb, and Zn) were determined using neutron-activation analysis, and it was shown that seasonal conditions do not affect vital activity in P. polyantha graft moss. For most elements, the greatest increase in trace element concentration in P. polyantha transplant moss was observed within one month. The high sensitivity of this epiphytic moss-transplant to the level of technogenic load has thus been demonstrated, and it may find utility in future research with similar objectives.
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Mukhopadhyay S, Dutta R, Das P. A critical review on plant biomonitors for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air through solvent extraction techniques. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126441. [PMID: 32443242 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are hydrocarbons having two or more fused aromatic rings, released from natural (like forest fires and volcanic eruption) as well as man-made sources (like burning of fossil fuel & wood, automobile emission). They are persistent priority pollutants and continue to last for a long time in the environment causing severe damage to human health owing to their genotoxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. The study of PAHs in environment has therefore aroused a global concern. PAHs adsorption to plant cell wall is facilitated by transpiration and plant root lipids which help PAHs transfer from roots to leaves and stalks, causing more accumulation of contaminants with the increase in lipid content. Hence, these bioaccumulators can be utilized as biomonitors for indirect assessment of ambient air pollution. Efficacy of specific plants, lichens and mosses as useful biomonitors of airborne PAHs pollution has been discussed in this review along with prevalent classical and modified extraction techniques coupled with proper analytical procedures in order to gain an insight into the assessment of atmospheric PAHs concentrations. Different modern and modified solvent extraction techniques along with conventional Soxhlet method are identified for extraction of PAHs from accumulative bioindicators and analytical methods are also developed for accurate determination of PAHs. Process parameters like choice of solvent, temperature, time of extraction, pressure and matrix characteristics are usually checked. An approach of biomonitoring of PAHs using plants, lichens and mosses has been discussed here as they usually trap the atmospheric PAHs and mineralize them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shritama Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Ratna Dutta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Papita Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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10
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Monitoring of Air Pollution by Moss Bags around an Oil Refinery: A Critical Evaluation over 16 Years. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11030272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study analyzes the results of a biomonitoring campaign, carried out by means of Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. moss bags around an oil refinery, located in the southwestern part of Sardinia island (Italy). This work focuses mainly on the effects of rainfall and distance from the source of contamination on the content of 14 trace elements measured over 16 years. In addition, to point out any increasing or decreasing trends, as well as any peak in presence of airborne pollutants in the area, annual elements’ concentration values are plotted and discussed. Coefficients of variation were also calculated on accumulation values in order to evaluate stability of measurements across the years and to evaluate if similar exposure conditions, i.e., humidity and distance from contamination source, resulted in more uniform accumulation values. In conclusion, (i) the vicinity of the source of contamination as well as rainfall influenced element content in the biomonitor in the case study differently, depending on the considered element and on the exposure condition, (ii) H. cupressiforme moss bags provided relatively stable measurements during the 16-year time frame (observed variations in elements content can be attributed to environmental inputs in the area), (iii) similar conditions of exposure determined less variable accumulation values.
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11
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Aboal JR, Concha-Graña E, De Nicola F, Muniategui-Lorenzo S, López-Mahía P, Giordano S, Capozzi F, Di Palma A, Reski R, Zechmeister H, Martínez-Abaigar J, Fernández JA. Testing a novel biotechnological passive sampler for monitoring atmospheric PAH pollution. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 381:120949. [PMID: 31387076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study we evaluated a new type of passive air sampler, the "mossphere" device, filled with a Sphagnum palustre clone. For this purpose, we compared the atmospheric levels of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) collected using this device and those collected in conventional bulk deposition and particulate matter (PM10) samplers. All three types of samplers were exposed at 10 sites affected by different levels of pollution and located in two different climate zones. The bulk deposition/ mossphere comparison yielded a greater number of significant regressions with higher coefficients of determination than the PM10/ mossphere comparison. No significant regressions were observed for 3-ring PAHs in either comparison. The mosspheres explain ca. 50% of the variability of the concentrations of 4-, 5- and 6-ring PAHs and total PAHs detected in PM10 and ca. 70% of the corresponding concentrations detected in the bulk deposition. The use of the Sphagnum clone enables standardization of the set-up, thus making the mossphere device a good sampling tool for monitoring 4-, 5- and 6-ring and total PAHs, especially those associated with bulk deposition. The findings indicate the potential usefulness of this innovative technology for mapping PAH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Aboal
- Área de Ecología, Dept. de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - E Concha-Graña
- Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A, Coruña, Spain
| | - F De Nicola
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, via F. De Sanctis SNC, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - S Muniategui-Lorenzo
- Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A, Coruña, Spain
| | - P López-Mahía
- Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A, Coruña, Spain
| | - S Giordano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Campus Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - F Capozzi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Campus Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - A Di Palma
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universita, 100, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - R Reski
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS - Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - H Zechmeister
- Dept. Conservation, Vegetation and Landscape Biology, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Martínez-Abaigar
- Edificio Científico-Tecnológico, Universidad de La Rioja, Avd. Madre de Dios 51, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - J A Fernández
- Área de Ecología, Dept. de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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12
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Di Palma A, González AG, Adamo P, Giordano S, Reski R, Pokrovsky OS. Biosurface properties and lead adsorption in a clone of Sphagnum palustre (Mosses): Towards a unified protocol of biomonitoring of airborne heavy metal pollution. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124375. [PMID: 31344617 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Although mosses are widely used for active biomonitoring of air pollution, a unified protocol for their treatment before exposure in bags is still lacking. Here we used field- and laboratory-grown Sphagnum palustre L. moss, respectively, treated by EDTA and devitalized by oven drying at 100 °C, to elaborate a consistent procedure of metal and proton adsorption on moss surfaces. Acid-base titrations and Pb2+ adsorption experiments at different pH values and Pb2+ concentrations in solution were performed with both field-collected and laboratory cloned mosses. Devitalization and EDTA treatments did not produce any measurable difference in terms of H+ and Pb2+ adsorption capacities of moss surfaces. The stability constants for Pb2+ adsorption onto moss surfaces as a function of pH (pH-dependent adsorption edge) and at constant pH (5.5 and 6.5) as a function of Pb2+ concentration ("langmuirian" adsorption isotherm) were rather similar between different treatments. A Linear Program Modeling (LPM) of adsorption reactions revealed high similarity of adsorption constants regardless of treatments for both field-grown and cloned mosses. Therefore, in view of the use of S. palustre clone for biomonitoring lead in the environment, we recommend devitalization at 100 °C as unique treatment to perform with the aim to preserve the biomonitor before and after its exposure in bags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Di Palma
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Fukushima Environmental Safety Center, 10-2, Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun, Fukushima, 963-7700, Japan.
| | - Aridane G González
- Geoscience and Environment Toulouse, UMR 5563 CNRS, University of Toulouse, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, Toulouse, 31400, France; Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, IOCAG. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, ULPGC, Parque Científico Tecnológico de Taliarte, 35214, Telde, Spain
| | - Paola Adamo
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Simonetta Giordano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di napoli Federico II, Campus Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 26, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ralf Reski
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany; Signaling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oleg S Pokrovsky
- Geoscience and Environment Toulouse, UMR 5563 CNRS, University of Toulouse, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, Toulouse, 31400, France; Institute of Ecological Problems of the North, N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Nab Severnoi Dviny 23, Arkhangelsk, 163000, Russia; BIO-GEO-CLIM Laboratory, Tomsk State University, 35 Lenina Pr., Tomsk, 634050, Russia
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Turgut ET, Gaga EO, Jovanović G, Odabasi M, Artun G, Ari A, Urošević MA. Elemental characterization of general aviation aircraft emissions using moss bags. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:26925-26938. [PMID: 31309420 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05910-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In light of growing concern and insufficient knowledge on the negative impact of aircraft emissions on environmental health, this study strives to investigate the air burden of major and trace elements caused by general aviation, piston-engine, and turboprop aircraft, within the vicinity of Eskisehir Hasan Polatkan Airport (Eskisehir, Turkey). The levels of 57 elements were investigated, based on moss bag biomonitoring using Sphagnum sp., along with chemical analyses of lubrication oil and aviation gasoline fuel used in the aircraft's operations. Five sampling sites were selected within the vicinity of the airport area to capture spatial changes in the concentration of airborne elements. The study demonstrates that moss bag biomonitoring is a useful tool in the identification of differences in the air burden by major and trace elements that have concentrated downwind of the aircraft emission sources. Moreover, pollutant enrichment in the Sphagnum moss bags and elemental characterization of oil/fuel are in agreement suggesting that Pb, followed by Cd, Cu, Mo, Cr, Ni, Fe, Si, Zn, Na, P, Ca, Mg, and Al are dominant elements that shaped the general aviation aircraft emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enis T Turgut
- Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Aircraft Airframe and Powerplant Department, Eskisehir Technical University, 26555, Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Eftade O Gaga
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Eskisehir Technical University, 26555, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Gordana Jovanović
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, a National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia
| | - Mustafa Odabasi
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gulzade Artun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Eskisehir Technical University, 26555, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Akif Ari
- Faculty of Engineering, Gölköy Campus, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Mira Aničić Urošević
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, a National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia
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14
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Al-Alam J, Chbani A, Faljoun Z, Millet M. The use of vegetation, bees, and snails as important tools for the biomonitoring of atmospheric pollution-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:9391-9408. [PMID: 30715709 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The continuous discharge of diverse chemical products in the environment is nowadays of great concern to the whole world as some of them persist in the environment leading to serious diseases. Several sampling techniques have been used for the characterization of this chemical pollution, although biomonitoring using natural samplers has recently become the technique of choice in this field due to its efficiency, specificity, and low cost. In fact, several living organisms known as biomonitors could accumulate the well-known persistent environmental pollutants allowing their monitoring in the environment. In this work, a review on environmental biomonitoring is presented. The main sampling techniques used for monitoring environmental pollutants are first reported, followed by an overview on well-known natural species used as passive samplers and known as biomonitors. These species include conifer needles, lichen, mosses, bees and their byproducts, and snails, and were widely used in recent research as reliable monitors for environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Al-Alam
- Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, El Mittein Street, Tripoli, Lebanon
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health ICPEES UMR 7515 Group of Physical Chemistry of the Atmosphere, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Asma Chbani
- Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, El Mittein Street, Tripoli, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health III, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Ziad Faljoun
- Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, El Mittein Street, Tripoli, Lebanon
- Faculty of Sciences III, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Maurice Millet
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health ICPEES UMR 7515 Group of Physical Chemistry of the Atmosphere, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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15
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Vuković G, Urošević MA, Škrivanj S, Vergel K, Tomašević M, Popović A. The first survey of airborne trace elements at airport using moss bag technique. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:15107-15115. [PMID: 28493193 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Air traffic represents an important way of social mobility in the world, and many ongoing discussions are related to the impacts that air transportation has on local air quality. In this study, moss Sphagnum girgensohnii was used for the first time in the assessment of trace element content at the international airport. The moss bags were exposed during the summer of 2013 at four sampling sites at the airport 'Nikola Tesla' (Belgrade, Serbia): runway (two), auxiliary runway and parking lot. According to the relative accumulation factor (RAF) and the limit of quantification of the moss bag technique (LOQT), the most abundant elements in the samples were Zn, Na, Cr, V, Cu and Fe. A comparison between the element concentrations at the airport and the corresponding values in different land use classes (urban central, suburban, industrial and green zones) across the city of Belgrade did not point out that the air traffic and associated activities significantly contribute to the trace element air pollution. This study emphasised an easy operational and robust (bio)monitoring, using moss bags as a suitable method for assessment of air quality within various microenvironments with restriction in positioning referent instrumental devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Vuković
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia.
| | - Mira Aničić Urošević
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia
| | - Sandra Škrivanj
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Konstantin Vergel
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot Curie 6, Dubna, Russian Federation, 141980
| | - Milica Tomašević
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Popović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
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16
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Balabanova B, Stafilov T, Šajn R, Andonovska KB. Quantitative assessment of metal elements using moss species as biomonitors in downwind area of lead-zinc mine. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2017; 52:290-301. [PMID: 27911670 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2016.1253403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Distributions of a total of 21 elements were monitored in significantly lead-zinc polluted area using moss species (Hypnum cupressiforme and Camptothecium lutescens) used interchangeably, covering a denser sampling network. Interspecies comparison was conducted using Box-Cox transformed values, due to their skewed distribution. The median concentrations of trace elements in the both mosses examined decreased in the following order: Fe>Mn>Zn>Pb>Cu>Ni∼Cr∼As>Co>Cd>Hg. For almost all analyzed elements, H. cupressiforme revealed higher bio-accumulative abilities. For arsenic contents was obtained ER-value in favor of C. lutescens. The ER for the element contents according to the distance from the pollution source in selected areas was significantly enriched for the anthropogenic introduced elements As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. After Box-Cox transformation of the content values, TB was significantly different for As (4.82), Cd (3.84), Cu (2.95), Pb (4.38), and Zn (4.23). Multivariate factor analysis singled out four elemental associations: F1 (Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Li-Ni-V), F2 (Cd-Pb-Zn), F3 (Ca-Mg-Na-P) and F4 (Cu) with a total variance of 89%. Spatial distribution visualized the hazardously higher contents of "hot spots" of Cd > 1.30 mg/kg, Cu > 22 mg/kg, Pb > 130 mg/kg and Zn > 160 mg/kg. Therefore, main approach in moss biomonitoring should be based on data management of the element distribution by reducing the effect of extreme values (considering Box-Cox data transformation); the interspecies variation in sampling media does not deviate in relation to H. cupressiforme vs. C. lutescens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trajče Stafilov
- b Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sts. Cyril and Methodius University , Skopje , Macedonia
| | - Robert Šajn
- c Geological Survey of Slovenia , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Katerina Bačeva Andonovska
- d Research Center for Environment and Materials, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts , Skopje , Macedonia
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17
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Lequy E, Dubos N, Witté I, Pascaud A, Sauvage S, Leblond S. Assessing temporal trends of trace metal concentrations in mosses over France between 1996 and 2011: A flexible and robust method to account for heterogeneous sampling strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:828-836. [PMID: 27838064 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Air quality biomonitoring has been successfully assessed using mosses for decades in Europe, particularly regarding heavy metals (HM). Assessing robust temporal variations of HM concentrations in mosses requires to better understand to what extent they are affected by the sampling protocol and the moss species. This study used the concentrations of 14 elements measured during four surveys over 15 years in France. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) and a modeling approach were used to decipher temporal variations for each element and adjust them with parameters known to affect concentrations. ANOVA followed by post hoc analyses did not allow to estimate clear trends. A generalized additive mixed modeling approach including the sampling period, the collector and the moss species, plus quadratic effects, was used to analyze temporal variations on repeated sampling sites. This approach highlighted the importance of accounting for non-linear temporal variations in HM, and adjusting for confounding factors such as moss species, species-specific differences between sampling periods, collector and methodological differences in sampling campaigns. For instance, lead concentrations in mosses decreased between 1996 and 2011 following quadratic functions, with faster declines for the most contaminated sites in 1996. On the other hand, other HM showed double trends with U-shaped or hill-shaped curves. The effect of the moss was complex to handle and our results advocate for using one moss species by repeated site to better analyze temporal variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Lequy
- Natural Heritage Department, National Museum of Natural History, 12 rue Buffon, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Nicolas Dubos
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO UMR 7204) & Mécanismes adaptatifs et évolution (MECADEV UMR 7179), Sorbonne Universités, MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, CP51, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Witté
- Natural Heritage Department, National Museum of Natural History, 12 rue Buffon, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Aude Pascaud
- Mines Douai, Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environment, SAGE, F-59508, Douai, France; Université de Lille, F-59650, Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France
| | - Stéphane Sauvage
- Mines Douai, Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environment, SAGE, F-59508, Douai, France; Université de Lille, F-59650, Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France
| | - Sébastien Leblond
- Natural Heritage Department, National Museum of Natural History, 12 rue Buffon, F-75005, Paris, France
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18
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Suoranta T, Niemelä M, Poikolainen J, Piispanen J, Bokhari SNH, Meisel T, Perämäki P. Active biomonitoring of palladium, platinum, and rhodium emissions from road traffic using transplanted moss. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:16790-16801. [PMID: 27189454 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of transplanted moss (Pleurozium schreberi) in active biomonitoring of traffic-related emissions of Pd, Pt, and Rh was studied. Moss mats were transplanted to three locations along highway E75 (in Oulu, Finland) at three different distances from the highway. Five samples were collected from a background site after the same exposure period. Mass fractions of Pd, Pt, and Rh as well as mass fractions of 18 other elements were determined in these samples. The results indicated that P. schreberi is well suited for active biomonitoring of Pd, Pt, and Rh. Mass fractions above the background values were observed in the samples exposed to traffic-related emissions. When the results were compared with those of the other elements, high correlations of Pd, Pt, and Rh with commonly traffic-related elements (e.g., Cu, Ni, Sb, Zn, etc.) were found. It was also found that the amounts of Pd, Pt, and Rh in moss samples decreased when the distance to the highway increased. This trend gives evidence for the suitability of P. schreberi for active biomonitoring of Pd, Pt, and Rh. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the mass fractions determined in this study provide valuable evidence about the current state of Pd, Pt, and Rh emissions in Oulu, Finland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terhi Suoranta
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Matti Niemelä
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jarmo Poikolainen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Management and Production of Renewable Resources, Paavo Havaksen tie 3, P.O. Box 413, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Piispanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Management and Production of Renewable Resources, Paavo Havaksen tie 3, P.O. Box 413, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Thomas Meisel
- General and Analytical Chemistry, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Str. 18, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Paavo Perämäki
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
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Donovan GH, Jovan SE, Gatziolis D, Burstyn I, Michael YL, Amacher MC, Monleon VJ. Using an epiphytic moss to identify previously unknown sources of atmospheric cadmium pollution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 559:84-93. [PMID: 27058127 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Urban networks of air-quality monitors are often too widely spaced to identify sources of air pollutants, especially if they do not disperse far from emission sources. The objectives of this study were to test the use of moss bio-indicators to develop a fine-scale map of atmospherically-derived cadmium and to identify the sources of cadmium in a complex urban setting. We collected 346 samples of the moss Orthotrichum lyellii from deciduous trees in December, 2013 using a modified randomized grid-based sampling strategy across Portland, Oregon. We estimated a spatial linear model of moss cadmium levels and predicted cadmium on a 50m grid across the city. Cadmium levels in moss were positively correlated with proximity to two stained-glass manufacturers, proximity to the Oregon-Washington border, and percent industrial land in a 500m buffer, and negatively correlated with percent residential land in a 500m buffer. The maps showed very high concentrations of cadmium around the two stained-glass manufacturers, neither of which were known to environmental regulators as cadmium emitters. In addition, in response to our findings, the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality placed an instrumental monitor 120m from the larger stained-glass manufacturer in October, 2015. The monthly average atmospheric cadmium concentration was 29.4ng/m(3), which is 49 times higher than Oregon's benchmark of 0.6ng/m(3), and high enough to pose a health risk from even short-term exposure. Both stained-glass manufacturers voluntarily stopped using cadmium after the monitoring results were made public, and the monthly average cadmium levels precipitously dropped to 1.1ng/m(3) for stained-glass manufacturer #1 and 0.67ng/m(3) for stained-glass manufacturer #2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey H Donovan
- USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, 620 SW Main, Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205, USA.
| | - Sarah E Jovan
- USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, 620 SW Main, Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205, USA.
| | - Demetrios Gatziolis
- USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, 620 SW Main, Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205, USA.
| | - Igor Burstyn
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Nesbitt Hall, 3215 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Yvonne L Michael
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Nesbitt Hall, 3215 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Michael C Amacher
- USDA Forest Service, Logan Forest Sciences Laboratory, 860 North 1200 East, Logan, UT 84321.
| | - Vicente J Monleon
- USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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20
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Vuković G, Urošević MA, Goryainova Z, Pergal M, Škrivanj S, Samson R, Popović A. Active moss biomonitoring for extensive screening of urban air pollution: Magnetic and chemical analyses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 521-522:200-210. [PMID: 25839179 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, active magnetic biomonitoring of moss for particulate air pollution and an assessment of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were performed for the entire metropolitan area of Belgrade. Two mosses, Sphagnum girgensohnii (a species of the most recommended biomonitoring moss genus) and Hypnum cupressiforme (a common moss in the study area), were used. During the summer of 2013, moss bags were exposed at 153 sampling sites, forming a dense network of sites. A type II regression model was applied to test the interchangeable use of the two moss species. Significantly higher levels of all measured pollutants were recorded by S. girgensohnii in comparison with H. cupressiforme. Based on the results, the mosses could not be interchangeably used in urban areas, except for the biomonitoring of Cu. Nevertheless, according to the relative accumulation factors obtained for both moss species, similar city zones related to high, moderate and low levels of air pollution were distinguished. Moreover, new pollution hotspots, omitted by regulatory monitoring, were identified. The results demonstrate that moss magnetic analysis represents an effective first step for obtaining an overview of particulate air pollution before more expensive chemical analyses. Active moss biomonitoring could be applied as a pragmatic approach for optimizing the representativeness of regulatory monitoring networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Vuković
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mira Aničić Urošević
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Zoya Goryainova
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Russian Federation
| | - Miodrag Pergal
- The Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Škrivanj
- The Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Roeland Samson
- Department of Bio-science Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Aleksandar Popović
- The Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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21
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Concha-Graña E, Piñeiro-Iglesias M, Muniategui-Lorenzo S, López-Mahía P, Prada-Rodríguez D. Proposal of a procedure for the analysis of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mosses. Talanta 2015; 134:239-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Beike AK, Spagnuolo V, Lüth V, Steinhart F, Ramos-Gómez J, Krebs M, Adamo P, Rey-Asensio AI, Angel Fernández J, Giordano S, Decker EL, Reski R. Clonal in vitro propagation of peat mosses ( Sphagnum L.) as novel green resources for basic and applied research. PLANT CELL, TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE 2014; 120:1037-1049. [PMID: 26321779 PMCID: PMC4551280 DOI: 10.1007/s11240-014-0658-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
As builders and major components of peatlands, Sphagnopsida (peat mosses) are very important organisms for ecosystems and world's climate. Nowadays many Sphagnum species as well as their habitats are largely protected, while their scientific and economic relevance remains considerable. Advanced methods of in vitro cultivation provide the potential to work in a sustainable way with peat mosses and address aspects of basic research as well as biotechnological and economical topics like biomonitoring or the production of renewable substrates for horticulture (Sphagnum farming). Here, we describe the establishment of axenic in vitro cultures of the five peat moss species Sphagnum fimbriatum Wils. and Hook., Sphagnum magellanicum Brid., Sphagnum palustre L., Sphagnum rubellum Wils. and Sphagnum subnitens Russ. and Warnst. with specific focus on large-scale cultivation of S. palustre in bioreactors. Axenic, clonal cultures were established to produce high quantities of biomass under standardized laboratory conditions. For advanced production of S.palustre we tested different cultivation techniques, growth media and inocula, and analyzed the effects of tissue disruption. While cultivation on solid medium is suitable for long term storage, submerse cultivation in liquid medium yielded highest amounts of biomass. By addition of sucrose and ammonium nitrate we were able to increase the biomass by around 10- to 30-fold within 4 weeks. The morphology of in vitro-cultivated gametophores showed similar phenotypic characteristics compared to material from the field. Thus the tested culture techniques are suitable to produce S. palustre material for basic and applied research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Beike
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valeria Spagnuolo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Campus Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Volker Lüth
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Feray Steinhart
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Ramos-Gómez
- BIOVIA Consultor Ambiental, Edificio Emprendia, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Matthias Krebs
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Paola Adamo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Ana Isabel Rey-Asensio
- BIOVIA Consultor Ambiental, Edificio Emprendia, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J. Angel Fernández
- Department of Cellular Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Simonetta Giordano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Campus Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
- AMRA S.c.a r.l., Via Nuova Agnano 11, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Eva L. Decker
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Reski
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS - Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany
- FRIAS - Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Freiburg, Germany
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23
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Wu Q, Wang X, Zhou Q. Biomonitoring persistent organic pollutants in the atmosphere with mosses: performance and application. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 66:28-37. [PMID: 24518433 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have aroused environmentalists and public concerns due to their toxicity, bioaccumulation and persistency in the environment. However, monitoring atmospheric POPs using conventional instrumental methods is difficult and expensive, and POP levels in air samples represent an instantaneous value at a sampling time. Biomonitoring methods can overcome this limitation, because biomonitors can accumulate POPs, serve as long-term integrators of POPs and provide reliable information to assess the impact of pollutants on the biota and various ecosystems. Recently, mosses are increasingly employed to monitor atmospheric POPs. Mosses have been applied to indicate POP pollution levels in the remote continent of Antarctica, trace distribution of POPs in the vicinity of pollution sources, describe the spatial patterns at the regional scale, and monitor the changes in the pollution intensity along time. In the future, many aspects need to be improved and strengthened: (i) the relationship between the concentrations of POPs in mosses and in the atmosphere (different size particulates and vapor phases); and (ii) the application of biomonitoring with mosses in human health studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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Foan L, Leblond S, Thöni L, Raynaud C, Santamaría JM, Sebilo M, Simon V. Spatial distribution of PAH concentrations and stable isotope signatures (δ13C, δ15N) in mosses from three European areas--characterization by multivariate analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 184:113-22. [PMID: 24047547 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations and N, C stable isotope signatures were determined in mosses Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. from 61 sites of 3 European regions: Île-de-France (France); Navarra (Spain); the Swiss Plateau and Basel area (Switzerland). Total PAH concentrations of 100-700 ng g(-1), as well as δ(13)C values of -32 to -29‰ and δ(15)N values of -11 to -3‰ were measured. Pearson correlation tests revealed opposite trends between high molecular weight PAH (4-6 aromatic rings) content and δ(13)C values. Partial Least Square regressions explained the very significant correlations (r > 0.91, p < 0.001) between high molecular weight PAH concentrations by local urban land use (<10 km) and environmental factors such as elevation and pluviometry. Finally, specific correlations between heavy metal and PAH concentrations were attributed to industrial emissions in Switzerland and road traffic emissions in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Foan
- Université de Toulouse, INPT, LCA (Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle), ENSIACET, 4 Allée Emile Monso, F-31030 Toulouse, France; INRA, LCA (Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle), F-31030 Toulouse, France.
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25
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De Nicola F, Murena F, Costagliola MA, Alfani A, Baldantoni D, Prati MV, Sessa L, Spagnuolo V, Giordano S. A multi-approach monitoring of particulate matter, metals and PAHs in an urban street canyon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:4969-4979. [PMID: 23325055 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1456-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
For the first time until now, the results from a prediction model (Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling System (ADMS)-Road) of pollutant dispersion in a street canyon were compared to the results obtained from biomonitors. In particular, the instrumental monitoring of particulate matter (PM10) and the biomonitoring of 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 11 metals by Quercus ilex leaves and Hypnum cupressiforme moss bags, acting as long- and short-term accumulators, respectively, were carried out. For both PAHs and metals, similar bioaccumulation trends were observed, with higher concentrations in biomonitors exposed at the leeward canyon side, affected by primary air vortex. The major pollutant accumulation at the leeward side was also predicted by the ADMS-Road model, on the basis of the prevailing wind direction that determines different exposure of the street canyon sides to pollutants emitted by vehicular traffic. A clear vertical (3, 6 and 9 m) distribution gradient of pollutants was not observed, so that both the model and biomonitoring results suggested that local air turbulences in the street canyon could contribute to uniform pollutant distribution at different heights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia De Nicola
- Dipt. Scienze per la Biologia, la Geologia e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi del Sannio, via Port'Arsa 11, Benevento, Italy
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26
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Ares A, Aboal JR, Carballeira A, Giordano S, Adamo P, Fernández JA. Moss bag biomonitoring: a methodological review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 432:143-58. [PMID: 22728302 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the moss bag technique has been used for active biomonitoring for the past 40years, there is still no standardized protocol that enables application of the technique as a tool to monitor air quality. The aim of this review paper is to evaluate the degree of standardization of each of the variables that must be considered in applying the technique (i.e. the variables associated with preparation of the moss and moss bags, exposure of the bags, and post-exposure treatment). For this purpose, 112 scientific papers that report the methods used in applying the moss bag technique were consulted. Finally, on the basis of the conclusions reached, we propose a protocol that will enable each of these variables to be investigated separately, with the final aim of developing a standardized methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ares
- Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, c/ Lope Gómez de Marzoa sn 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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