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An Q, Hao W, Ma Z, Zhang L, Song Z, Wan B, Xu P, Wang H, Chang J, Li J. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of epoxiconazole enantiomers in lizards (Eremias argus). CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 360:142444. [PMID: 38797217 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Epoxiconazole (EPX) is a world widely used chiral triazole fungicide in the agriculture field. The excessive application of this triazole may cause damage to lizards. However, limited information is known about the toxicokinetics of EPX on lizards. Our study aimed to investigate the enantioselective absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) of EPX in lizards following low and high dose exposure (10 and 100 mg kg-1 bodyweitht (bw)). The results demonstrated that (+)-EPX was easier absorbed than (-)-EPX in lizard plasma. Both (+)-EPX and (-)-EPX were detected in the liver, gonad, kidney, skin, brain, and intestine, with (+)-EPX preferentially distributed in these tissues. The elimination of (-)-EPX was faster than that of (+)-EPX in lizard liver and kidney in the high dose groups. Chiral conversion was found between EPX enantiomers in lizard skin. Simultaneously, five metabolites including M2, M4, M10, M18 and M19 were detected in lizard liver and kidney after EPX enantiomers exposure. The relative concentrations of M2, M4, and M10 were higher in the liver and kidney of (-)-EPX groups than those produced from (+)-EPX groups. The metabolic enzymes CYP3A4 and SULT1A1 primarily mediated enantioselective metabolism of EPX. The conclusions drawn from this study significantly enhance our understanding of the enantioselective behaviors of chiral triazole fungicides in reptiles, offering essential guidance for assessing the risks associated with different enantiomers of triazole fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong An
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan RD 19 a, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weiyu Hao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zheng Ma
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan RD 19 a, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Leisen Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan RD 19 a, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zheyuan Song
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan RD 19 a, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bin Wan
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan RD 19 a, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Huili Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Jing Chang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China
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Guo X, Jiang H, Guo Y, Jia L, Jing X, Wu J. Subzero-temperature homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction for the stereoselective determination of chiral triadimefon and its metabolite in water, fruit juice, vinegar, and fermented liquor by HPLC. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:5492-5499. [PMID: 37842813 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01061a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
A novel method based on homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction with deep eutectic solvents (DES) under subzero-temperature conditions in combination with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the determination of chiral fungicide triadimefon (TF) and its metabolite triadimenol (TN) in water, fruit juice, vinegar, and fermented liquor was developed in this study. The method involved using deep eutectic solvents (DES) under subzero-temperature conditions in combination with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This novel technique, known as subzero-temperature homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction (STHLLE), offers several advantages, including high efficiency, time-saving, low-cost, and eco-friendliness. The enantiomers of chiral TF and TN were simultaneously separated and quantified using HPLC coupled with a Daicel Chiralpak OD-RH column. Various experimental parameters such as DES composition and volume, freezing condition, salt concentration, and pH were optimized to enhance the recoveries of the target analytes. Under the optimized conditions, spiked recoveries of six enantiomers (i.e., S-TF, R-TF, SR-TN, RS-TN, SS-TN, and RR-TN) in the water, fruit juice, vinegar, and fermented liquor samples were 82.2-100.1% with relative standard deviations of 0.4-10.1%. The current method demonstrated a detection range of 0.03-0.06 mg L-1 in the target analytes. This established technique exhibits potential for efficient and precise extraction and quantification of the enantiomers of TF and TN in water phase samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingle Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Haijuan Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
- Graduate Education Innovation Center on Baijiu Bioengineering in Shanxi Province, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Yuqi Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
| | - Liyan Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
- Graduate Education Innovation Center on Baijiu Bioengineering in Shanxi Province, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Xu Jing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
- Graduate Education Innovation Center on Baijiu Bioengineering in Shanxi Province, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Junxue Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China.
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Meng Z, Cui J, Li R, Sun W, Bao X, Wang J, Zhou Z, Zhu W, Chen X. Systematic evaluation of chiral pesticides at the enantiomeric level: A new strategy for the development of highly effective and less harmful pesticides. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157294. [PMID: 35839878 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, pesticides have been used in large quantities, and they pose potential risks to organisms across various environments. Reducing the use of pesticides and their environmental risks has been an active research focus and difficult issue worldwide. As a class of pesticides with special structures, chiral pesticides generally exhibit enantioselectivity differences in biological activity, ecotoxicity, and environmental behavior. At present, replacing the racemates of chiral pesticides by identifying and developing their individual enantiomers with high efficiency and environmentally friendly characteristics is an effective strategy to reduce the use of pesticides and their environmental risks. In this study, we review the stereoselective behaviors of chiral pesticide, including their environmental behavior, stereoselective biological activity, and ecotoxicity. In addition, we emphasize that the systematic evaluation of chiral pesticides at the enantiomeric level is a promising novel strategy for developing highly effective and less harmful pesticides, which will provide important data support and an empirical basis for reducing pesticide application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Meng
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, College of Guangling, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jiajia Cui
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, College of Guangling, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Ruisheng Li
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Landscape Research Institute of Zhumadian, Zhumadian, Henan 463000, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin Bao
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, College of Guangling, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, College of Guangling, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, College of Guangling, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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Ascoli-Morrete T, Bandeira NMG, Signor E, Gazola HA, Homrich IS, Biondo R, Rossato-Grando LG, Zanella N. Bioaccumulation of pesticides and genotoxicity in anurans from southern Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:45549-45559. [PMID: 35147872 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19042-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of agricultural activities causes habitat loss and fragmentation and the pollution of natural ecosystems through the intense use of pesticides, which may affect the populations of amphibian anurans that inhabit agricultural areas. The present study evaluated the in situ bioaccumulation of pesticides in a population of Leptodactylus luctator that occupies farmland in southern Brazil. We also compared the genotoxicity of L. luctator populations from farmland and forested areas in the same region. We analyzed the micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities of 34 adult anurans, 19 from farmland, and 15 from the forested area. We also assessed the presence of 32 pesticides in liver samples obtained from 18 farmland-dwelling anurans, using chromatographic analysis. We recorded significantly higher rates of nuclear abnormalities in the individuals from the farmland, in comparison with the forest. We detected nine pesticides in the liver samples, of which, deltamethrin was the most common and carbosulfan was recorded at the highest concentrations. The bioaccumulation of pesticides and the higher levels of genotoxic damage found in the anurans from agricultural areas, as observed in the present study, represent a major potential problem for the conservation of these vertebrates, including the decline of their populations and the extinction of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Ascoli-Morrete
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
| | - Nelson M G Bandeira
- Centro de Pesquisa em Alimentação (CEPA), Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Elias Signor
- Centro de Pesquisa em Alimentação (CEPA), Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Humberto A Gazola
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Isis S Homrich
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rhaíssa Biondo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciana G Rossato-Grando
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Noeli Zanella
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
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Guo C, Di S, Chen X, Wang Y, Qi P, Wang Z, Zhao H, Gu Y, Xu H, Lu Y, Wang X. Evaluation of chiral triticonazole in three kinds of fruits: enantioseparation, degradation, and dietary risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:32855-32866. [PMID: 35020143 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17896-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The enantioselective behaviors of chiral pesticides would affect the accuracy of risk assessment. This study evaluated the enantioselectivity of chiral triticonazole (a widely used fungicide) in three kinds of fruits. Firstly, the enantioseparation of triticonazole enantiomers was carried out within 1.2 min utilizing CHIRALPAK OJ-3 column with a mixture of CO2 and methanol (93:7, v/v) using SFC-MS/MS. Secondly, field trials were conducted to clarify the enantioselective degradation and residue of S-( +)-triticonazole and R-(-)-triticonazole in fruits. The initial concentrations of rac-triticonazole were 25.1-93.1 ng/g, and enantioselective degradation was observed in pear, peach, and jujube after 2 h, 10 days, and 3 days, respectively. The degradation of S-( +)-triticonazole was fastest in pear (T1/2, 2.01 days), while the T1/2 of R-(-)-triticonazole was 5.02 days. The residue concentrations of rac-triticonazole were less than the MRL set by EU (10 ng/g) on the 3rd and 21st day in pear and peach, respectively, which were lower than 10 ng/g in jujube on the 30th day (no MRL). Finally, we found that the dietary intake risks of rac-triticonazole in fruits were low for 2-7 age, 20-50 age/female, and 20-50 age/male. The current study could provide complimentary references for the rational usage, MRL formulation, and risk assessment of chiral triticonazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Guo
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats To the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Di
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats To the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats To the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats To the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats To the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats To the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanlin Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats To the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats To the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuele Lu
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats To the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
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Hao W, Zhang Y, Xu P, Xie Y, Li W, Wang H. Enantioselective accumulation, elimination and metabolism of fenbuconazole in lizards (Eremias argus). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129482. [PMID: 33460889 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The enantioselective accumulation, elimination and metabolism of fenbuconazole in lizards were determined following a single-dose (25 mg/kgbw) exposure to racemic or enantiomeric fenbuconazole. Accumulation of fenbuconazole was found in lizard fat with rac-form > enantiopure enantiomers. The enantiomer fractions (EFs) were higher than 0.5 in the blood, while EFs were less than 0.5 in the liver, brain, skin and stomach. There was conversion from (+)-fenbuconazole to (-)-fenbuconazole in lizard liver and conversion from (-)-fenbuconazole to (+)-fenbuconazole in lizard liver and blood. The results showed that enantioselective accumulation appeared in lizards, but the direction varied among blood and different tissues. The elimination half-lives (t1/2) of (+)-fenbuconazole were higher than those of (-)-fenbuconazole in the blood and liver, suggesting that (-)-fenbuconazole eliminated faster than (+)-fenbuconazole in these tissues. In addition, both (+)-fenbuconazole and (-)-fenbuconazole eliminated faster in the liver and stomach exposed to racemate than those exposed to enantiopure enantiomers. On the contrary, the form of racemate decreased the elimination rate of fenbuconazole in lizard fat. Synergistic elimination may occur when two enantiomers coexisted in lizard liver and stomach, while the racemate produced antagonistic elimination in lizard fat. Simultaneously, three metabolites, RH-6467, RH-9029&RH-9030 and keto-mchlorophenol, were discovered in lizard liver. Only two metabolites, RH-6467 and RH-9029&RH-9030, were found in lizard blood. RH-9029&RH-9030 were the major metabolites. The discovered enantiomers of (+)-fenbuconazole metabolites were different from those of (-)-fenbuconazole. The findings of this study may provide a better understanding of the enantioselective behaviors of chiral triazole fungicides in reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Hao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Peng Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Yun Xie
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan RD 19 a, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Huili Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China.
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Bielská L, Hale SE, Škulcová L. A review on the stereospecific fate and effects of chiral conazole fungicides. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:141600. [PMID: 33182213 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The production and use of chiral pesticides are triggered by the need for more complex molecules capable of effectively combating a greater spectrum of pests and crop diseases, while sustaining high production yields. Currently, chiral pesticides comprise about 30% of all pesticides in use; however, some pesticide groups such as conazole fungicides (CFs) consist almost exclusively of chiral compounds. CFs are produced and field-applied as racemic (1:1) mixtures of two enantiomers (one chiral center in the molecule) or four diastereoisomers, i.e., two pairs of enantiomers (two chiral centers in the molecule). Research on the stereoselective environmental behavior and effects of chiral pesticides such as CFs has become increasingly important within the fields of environmental chemistry and ecotoxicology. This is motivated by the fact that currently, the fate and effects of chiral pesticides such as CFs that arise due to their stereoselectivity are not fully understood and integrated into risk assessment and regulatory decisions. In order to fill this gap, a summary of the state-of-the-art literature related to the stereospecific fate and effects of CFs is needed. This will also benefit the agrochemistry industry as they enhance their understanding of the environmental implications of CFs which will aid future research and development of chiral products. This review provides a collection of >80 stereoselective studies for CFs related to chiral analytical methods, fungicidal activity, non-target toxicity, and behavior of this broadly used pesticide class in the soil environment. In addition, the review sheds more light on mechanisms behind stereoselectivity, considers possible agricultural and environmental implications, and suggests future directions for the safe use of chiral CFs and the reduction of their environmental footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Bielská
- Recetox, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Sarah E Hale
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lucia Škulcová
- Recetox, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
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8
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Liu H, Lin T, Li Q. A magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotube preparative method for analyzing asymmetric carbon, phosphorus and sulfur atoms of chiral pesticide residues in Chinese herbals by chiral liquid chromatography-quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometry determination. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1148:122152. [PMID: 32422531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method for the determination of asymmetric carbon, phosphorus and sulfur atoms in chiral pesticide residues by magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotube sample pretreatment combined with chiral ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/Qtrap) was developed and applied to chiral pesticide residues analysis in Chinese herbals. Eleven different chiral pesticides were found, and 36.4% were positive in Chinese herbals. Three plants containing detectable pesticide residues were observed in Dendrobium nobile, Panax notoginseng flowers and honeysuckle, in the order of decreasing detected concentration. High detection frequencies of 26.1% for (R/S)-(±)-difenoconazole and 14.5% for (R/S)-(±)-metalaxyl and (R/S)-(±)-propiconazole were observed, the residual amount for (R/S)-(±)-difenoconazole, (R/S)-(±)-metalaxyl and (R/S)-(±)-propiconazole were 0.32 ~ 2.5 mg/kg, 0.022 ~ 0.23 mg/kg, 0.62 ~ 3.21 mg/kg respectively. The EF value of (R/S)-(±)-difenoconazole was 0.506 ± 0.046. The EF value of (R/S)-(±)-metalaxyl was lower than 0.5 in Dendrobium nobile, Panax notoginseng flowers, Panax notoginseng roots and hawthorn. The EF of (R/S)-(±)-propiconazole was not significantly enantioselective in honeysuckle and Panax notoginseng flowers. The enantioselectivity of various pesticide residues in different plants cannot be predicted from our existing knowledge and may closely depend on plant growth, environmental conditions or molecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Science, Supervision & Testing Center for Farm Product Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, (Kunming), Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Product, Ministry of Agriculture, (Kunming), 650223 Kunming, PR China
| | - Tao Lin
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Science, Supervision & Testing Center for Farm Product Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, (Kunming), Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Product, Ministry of Agriculture, (Kunming), 650223 Kunming, PR China
| | - Qiwan Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Science, Supervision & Testing Center for Farm Product Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, (Kunming), Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Product, Ministry of Agriculture, (Kunming), 650223 Kunming, PR China.
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9
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Wang Z, Tian Z, Chen L, Zhang W, Zhang L, Li Y, Diao J, Zhou Z. Stereoselective metabolism and potential adverse effects of chiral fungicide triadimenol on Eremias argus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:7823-7834. [PMID: 31889267 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07205-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Reptiles are an important part of vertebrates and are the primitive terrestrial vertebrates. However, lots of reptile species are endangered or susceptible to extinction. It is no doubt that contaminants are one of the important reasons for the decline of the lizard population. In this study, the selective metabolism of triadimenol (TN) in the male Eremias argus lizards and the toxic effects of TN on lizards were studied. TN chiral isomers were separated and detected by HPLC-MS/MS system with Lux Cellulose-1 column. Tissue distribution experiments showed the existence of stereoselectivity biotransformation of TN enantiomers among organs in lizards, and RR-TN preferentially emerged over the other enantiomers. The antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GST) activities and MDA content assays demonstrated that TN induced oxidative stress in most organs, especially in the liver, and the histopathology analysis showed the severe liver and testis damage caused by 14-day continuous TN gavage. The reproductive effects of TN-induced reflected in the increased sex hormone testosterone. This research confirms that TN could induce hepatic and reproductive toxicity of E. argus lizard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikang Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhongnan Tian
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China.
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10
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Zhang Z, Gao B, He Z, Li L, Shi H, Wang M. Enantioselective metabolism of four chiral triazole fungicides in rat liver microsomes. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 224:77-84. [PMID: 30818197 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Triazole fungicides with one or two chiral centers are widely used worldwide. The liver microsomes plays a major role in the metabolism and systemic elimination of chiral pesticides after exposure. In this present work, enantioselective metabolism of four representative chiral triazole fungicides (prothioconazole, flutriafol, triticonazole, and epoxiconazole) in rat liver microsomes (RLM) was investigated using LC-MS/MS. Baseline separation of the four chiral fungicides and prothioconazole-desthio was achieved on Lux-cellulose-1. The results demonstrated that the R-enantiomers of flutriafol and triticonazole were preferentially metabolized with half-life ranged from 17.33 min to 99.00 min. The R,S-epoxiconazole accumulated with a half-life of 173.25 min. There was no stereoselectivity for prothioconazole. However, remarkable stereoselective metabolism was observed for prothioconazole-desthio. The results of enzyme kinetic revealed different affinities between the enantiomers and metabolic enzymes. In addition, homologous modeling and molecular docking results indicated that enantioselectivity were partially to enantiospecific binding affinities with CYP enzymes. This study highlights a new quantitative approach for stereoselective metabolism of chiral agrochemicals and provides more accurate data on risk assessment of triazole fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxian Zhang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Zongzhe He
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Lianshan Li
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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11
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li W, Yang L, Guo B. Distribution, metabolism and hepatotoxicity of neonicotinoids in small farmland lizard and their effects on GH/IGF axis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 662:834-841. [PMID: 30795479 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The potential endocrine disruption of neonicotinoids poses a significant threat to the survival of small farmland lizards. We systematically evaluated the distribution, metabolism, and toxicity of three neonicotinoids (dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, and imidacloprid) in the Eremias argus during a 35-day oral administration exposure. Lizards could quickly transfer and store neonicotinoids into the scale and eliminated through molting. Dinotefuran was most prone to accumulation in lizard tissues, followed by thiamethoxam, and imidacloprid was generally present in the form of its terminal metabolite 6-chloropyridinyl acid. Exposure to dinotefuran resulted in hepatic oxidative stress damage, decreased plasma growth hormone concentration, and down-regulation of ghr, igf1 and igfbp2 gene expression. These indicated that dinotefuran might have potential growth inhibition toxicity to lizards. Although imidacloprid caused severe liver oxidative stress damage, the effect of imidacloprid on GH/IGF axis was not obvious. Compared to dinotefuran and imidacloprid, thiamethoxam had the least damage to liver and minimal impact on GH/IGF axis. This study verified the possible damage of neonicotinoids to lizard liver and the interference of GH/IGF axis for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghuan Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, PR China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Benxi Institute for Drug Control, No.31 Shengli Road, Mingshan District, Benxi 117000, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Lu Yang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Baoyuan Guo
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, PR China
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12
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Xie Y, Li LYZ, Hao W, Chang J, Xu P, Guo B, Li J, Wang H. Comparative toxicokinetics and tissue distribution of prothioconazole and prothioconazole-desthio in Chinese lizards (Eremias argus) and transcriptional responses of metabolic-related genes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 247:524-533. [PMID: 30708314 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Prothioconazole (PTC) is a widely used triazolinthione fungicide with low toxicity and short residual period. However, its desulfurization metabolite, prothioconazole-desthio (PTC-d), is more persistent and has higher toxicity in terrestrial animals. In this study, the toxicokinetics (TK) and tissue distribution of PTC and PTC-d in Chinese lizards (Eremias argus) were measured following single oral dose (100 mg kg-1 body weight) treatments. TK parameters indicated that PTC was more rapidly absorbed than PTC-d, as indicated by its shorter time to reach peak concentrations in most tissues. Furthermore, the relative bioavailability of PTC in lizards was lower than that of PTC-d. Compared with PTC, PTC-d preferentially accumulated in lizards, as reflected by longer half-life of PTC-d. During the distribution process, PTC-d generated in vivo was transported from other tissues and was deposited in the skin and tail, where PTC-d may be excreted by exuviation or tail detachment. Preferential enrichment of S-enantiomer of both PTC and PTC-d were observed in all tissues. Hepatic cytochrome P450 gene expression measurement revealed that cyp1a5 and cyp3a28 exhibited the strongest responses in both treatment groups. In addition, the opposite responses of cyp2k4 in different treatment groups may indicate that this enzyme caused differences in the rates of metabolism of the two chemicals. This study compared the TK profile of PTC and its desulfurization metabolite PTC-d in lizards and demonstrated that the desulfurization of PTC could increase its ecological risk due to the higher bioavailability and persistence of PTC-d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xie
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan RD 19A, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Leon Yu Zheng Li
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, United Kingdom
| | - Weiyu Hao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan RD 19A, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Chang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Baoyuan Guo
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Huili Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China.
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13
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li W, Han Y, Guo B. Study on neurotoxicity of dinotefuran, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid against Chinese lizards (Eremias argus). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 217:150-157. [PMID: 30419375 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The neurotoxicity of dinotefuran, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid against Chinese lizards (Eremias argus) were evaluated in acute oral exposure and 28d subchronic exposure. Dinotefuran was not easily metabolized and showed strong persistence in the lizard brain. Thiamethoxam and imidacloprid were rapidly absorbed and excreted in lizards, and were not easily enriched in the lizard brain. Dinotefuran and thiamethoxam could directly increase the concentrations of acetylcholine in the brain and blood by up-regulating the expression of the ach gene, which in turn enhanced the binding of acetylcholine and acetylcholinesterase receptors, eventually causing the release of dopamine. The effect of dinotefuran was more pronounced than thiamethoxam. Clothianidin was a major metabolite of thiamethoxam in the brain and aggravated the neurotoxic effects of thiamethoxam. Imidacloprid desnitro olefin was the only metabolite of imidacloprid that enriched in the brain. The protonation effect of imidacloprid desnitro olefin was stronger than that of the parent imidacloprid, which increased its binding ability to lizard acetylcholinesterase receptors. Competitive inhibition of imidacloprid desnitro olefin and acetylcholine led to the down-regulation of ach gene expression. Although neonicotinoids caused the opening of ligand-gated ion channel through the activation of acetylcholinesterase receptors, the body would alleviate these effects by the inhibition of voltage-dependent channel activity for compensatory mechanisms. This study provided a new perspective on the neotoxic effects of neonicotinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghuan Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, PR China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Benxi Institute for Drug Control, No.31 Shengli Road, Mingshan District, Benxi, 117000, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Yongtao Han
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Baoyuan Guo
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, PR China
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14
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Li J, Ren GY, Zhang Y, Yang MY, Ma HX. Two Cu(II) complexes of 1,2,4-triazole fungicides with enhanced antifungal activities. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Wang Y, Han Y, Xu P, Guo B, Li W, Wang X. The metabolism distribution and effect of imidacloprid in chinese lizards (Eremias argus) following oral exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 165:476-483. [PMID: 30218971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Systematically evaluation of the metabolism, distribution and effect of imidacloprid in Chinese lizards (Eremias argus) were carried out following oral exposure. Imidacloprid-olefin-guanidine was prone to accumulate in the brain and caused potential neurotoxicity. Percutaneous and excretory excretions were the primary ways for the elimination of imidacloprid and its metabolites. Liver was the main site for hydroxy reduction and nitro-reduction metabolism of imidacloprid. The metabolism of imidacloprid was a complex process in which many metabolic enzymes participated. Aldehyde oxidase and CYP2C9 were the key enzymes in nitro-reduction process. CYP3A4 dominated the process of hydroxylation and desaturation. The increase in Glutathione S-transferase expression may be related to the removal of imidacloprid, but also related to the oxidative stress reaction that imidacloprid may cause in tissues, especially in the kidney. The findings enrich and supplement the knowledge of the environmental fate of imidacloprid in reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghuan Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, PR China.
| | - Yongtao Han
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Peng Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Baoyuan Guo
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Xiangyun Wang
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Agricultural Products Quality Standard, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, PR China
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16
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How CM, Li SW, Liao VHC. Chronic exposure to triadimenol at environmentally relevant concentration adversely affects aging biomarkers in Caenorhabditis elegans associated with insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:485-492. [PMID: 29864662 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Triadimenol, an agricultural fungicide, is an emerging environmental concern due to its wide usage, detection in the environment, and its chemical persistency. Triadimenol has been found to disrupt endocrine signaling and alter function of several transcription factors, yet its age-related toxicity effects remain unclear. This study used Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo model organism to elucidate the age-related effects of triadimenol and its underlying mechanisms. The results showed that chronic exposure to triadimenol at environmentally relevant concentrations (3, 30, and 300 μg/L) adversely affected several toxicity endpoints including growth, total brood size, and locomotive behaviors. In addition, triadimenol (300 μg/L) significantly reduced the mean lifespan of wild-type N2 C. elegans from 17.9 to 16 days. Chronic exposure to triadimenol (300 μg/L) also significantly affected age-related behavioral changes, with a decreased pharyngeal pumping rate and an increased defecation cycle. Moreover, an increased accumulation of aging biomarkers including lipofuscin, lipid peroxidation, and reactive oxygen species (H2O2 and O2-) level upon chronic triadimenol exposure was observed in aged worms. Furthermore, chronic triadimenol exposure increased the transcriptional factor DAF-16 nuclear localization. Finally, mutation of daf-2, age-1, pdk-1, akt-1, or akt-2 restored the accumulation of lipofuscin in aged worms upon chronic triadimenol exposure, while mutation of daf-16 led to more enhanced lipofuscin accumulation. Therefore, the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway may serve as an important molecular basis for triadimenol induced aging declines in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Ming How
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Wei Li
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Vivian Hsiu-Chuan Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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17
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Wang Y, Han Y, Xie Y, Xu P, Li W. The metabolism distribution and effect of dinotefuran in Chinese lizards (Eremias argus). CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:591-599. [PMID: 30096572 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese lizards (Eremias argus) were used to evaluate the metabolism, distribution and effect of dinotefuran following oral exposed. The HPLC equipped with Q Exactive focus was used for metabolite identification and concentration analysis. After single oral administration, the time-concentration curves of dinotefuran and its metabolites were tissue-dependent. The liver and kidney were the major metabolic organs. Percutaneous and urinary excretions were the main ways for lizards to eliminate dinotefuran, and the urine output was the limiting factor. Nitro-reduction was an important process of the metabolism of dinotefuran that was dominated by aldehyde oxidase, and P450 enzymes were involved. The CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 played a crucial role in the other metabolic pathways of dinotefuran. The mRNA expressions of GST family were severely inhibited in liver, which showed dinotefuran might pose a risk of damaging the oxidative stress system in liver. Prolonged residuals of dinotefuran and its demethylation metabolite might enhance the risk of dinotefuran to brain. The results enrich and supplement the knowledge of the environmental fate of dinotefuran in reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghuan Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, PR China.
| | - Yongtao Han
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Yun Xie
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan RD 19 a, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, PR China
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18
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Xu P, Guo B, Li W. Metabolism Distribution and Effect of Thiamethoxam after Oral Exposure in Mongolian Racerunner ( Eremias argus). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7376-7383. [PMID: 29923398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Systematic evaluation of the metabolism, distribution, and effect of thiamethoxam in Mongolian racerunner ( Eremias argus) was carried out after oral exposure. HPLC equipped with Q Exactive focus was used for identification and concentration analysis of thiamethoxam and its metabolites. Percutaneous and urine excretions were the primary ways for the elimination of thiamethoxam and its metabolites, and the limiting factor was urine output. Demethylated thiamethoxam and clothianidin were the main metabolites of thiamethoxam in lizards. CYP3A4, CYP3A7, and CYP2C9 played a crucial role in the metabolism process. Aldehyde oxidase only dominated the nitro-reduction process of demethylated thiamethoxam and clothianidin. Glutathione S-transferase might be related to the clearance process of thiamethoxam and its metabolites. The findings indicated that thiamethoxam might pose potential carcinogenic and hepatic injury risk to lizards. The results enrich and supplement the knowledge of the environmental fate of thiamethoxam in reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghuan Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuangqing Road , Haidian District, Beijing , 100085 , P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Benxi institute for Drug Control , No. 31 Shengli Road , Mingshan District, Benxi 117000 , P.R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuangqing Road , Haidian District, Beijing , 100085 , P.R. China
| | - Baoyuan Guo
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuangqing Road , Haidian District, Beijing , 100085 , P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuangqing Road , Haidian District, Beijing , 100085 , P.R. China
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19
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Li J, Liu H, Guo Z, Yang M, Song J, Ma H. Two Cu(ii)-triadimenol complexes as potential fungicides: synergistic actions and DFT calculations. RSC Adv 2018; 8:2933-2940. [PMID: 35541170 PMCID: PMC9077557 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10572j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Two Cu(ii) complexes, namely, [CuL4(H2O)2]·2NO3·2CH3OH 1 and [CuL2(CH3COO)2] 2, (L = (1S,2R)-1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol, triadimenol, a commercial 1,2,4-triazole pesticide) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, UV-Vis spectra and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal structural analysis shows that the different types of salts (copper acetate is covalent, while copper nitrate is ionic) contribute to different crystal structures: complex 1 consists of one copper cation, four ligands, two coordinated water molecules, two free nitrate anions and two uncoordinated methanol molecules. Complex 2 is composed of one copper cation, two ligands and two acetate anions, without free molecules. The two complexes and the ligand triadimenol were also screened for antifungal activities against four selected fungi. The antifungal results reveal that both the complexes show better bioactivities in comparison with L, and that complex 1 has higher bioactivities than complex 2. To elaborate the reasons of the enhanced bioactivities after complexation, the interaction levels between Cu2+ cation and triadimenol, as well as the density functional theory (DFT) method were carried out. The results indicate that three factors made the antifungal activities stronger after forming Cu(ii) complexes: new active site of copper cation, synergic interactions between Cu2+ cation and L, and improved penetration of the metal complexes into the lipid membranes. Two Cu(ii) complexes of triadimenol show greater antifungal activities than the ligand triadimenol. Moreover, the synergistic interactions and DFT calculations were both carried out to elucidate the reasons for the enhanced bioactivities.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Huiyu Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Zhaoqi Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Mingyan Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Chang'an University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Jirong Song
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- China
- Conservation Technology Department
| | - Haixia Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- China
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20
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Metabolism studies of chiral pesticides: A critical review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 147:89-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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21
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Chang J, Hao W, Xu Y, Xu P, Li W, Li J, Wang H. Stereoselective degradation and thyroid endocrine disruption of lambda-cyhalothrin in lizards (Eremias argus) following oral exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 232:300-309. [PMID: 28970022 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The disturbance of the thyroid system and elimination of chiral pyrethroid pesticides with respect to enantioselectivity in reptiles have so far received limited attention by research. In this study, bioaccumulation, thyroid gland lesions, thyroid hormone levels, and hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis-related gene expression in male Eremias argus were investigated after three weeks oral administration of lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) enantiomers. In the lizard liver, the concentration of LCT was negatively correlated with the metabolite-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (PBA) level during 21 days of exposure. (+)-LCT exposure induced a higher thyroid follicular epithelium height than (-)-LCT exposure. The thyroxine levels were increased in both treated groups while only (+)-LCT exposure induced a significant change in the triiodothyronine (T3) level. In addition, the expressions of hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis-related genes including thyroid hormone receptors (trs), deiodinases (dios), uridinediphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (udp), and sulfotransferase (sult) were up-regulated after exposure to the two enantiomers. (+)-LCT treatment resulted in higher expression of trs and (-)-LCT exposure led to greater stimulation of dios in the liver, which indicated PBA-induced antagonism on thyroid hormone receptors and LCT-induced disruption of thyroxine (T4) deiodination. The results suggest the (-)-LCT exposure causes higher residual level in lizard liver while induces less disruption on lizard thyroid activity than (+)-LCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan RD 19 a, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiyu Hao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan RD 19 a, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Peng Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Wei Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Huili Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China.
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22
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Ren G, Li J, Zhou J, Yan B, Ren Y, Sun X, Ma H. Enhanced antifungal activities of four Zn(II) complexes based on uniconazole. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo‐Yu Ren
- School of Chemical EngineeringNorthwest University/ Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physical‐Inorganic Chemistry Xi’an Shaanxi 710069 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYulin University/ Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization Yulin Shaanxi 719000 China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Chemical EngineeringNorthwest University/ Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physical‐Inorganic Chemistry Xi’an Shaanxi 710069 China
| | - Jin‐Hua Zhou
- School of Chemical EngineeringNorthwest University/ Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physical‐Inorganic Chemistry Xi’an Shaanxi 710069 China
| | - Biao Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYulin University/ Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization Yulin Shaanxi 719000 China
| | - Ying‐Hui Ren
- School of Chemical EngineeringNorthwest University/ Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physical‐Inorganic Chemistry Xi’an Shaanxi 710069 China
| | - Xiao‐Hong Sun
- School of Chemical EngineeringNorthwest University/ Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physical‐Inorganic Chemistry Xi’an Shaanxi 710069 China
| | - Hai‐Xia Ma
- School of Chemical EngineeringNorthwest University/ Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physical‐Inorganic Chemistry Xi’an Shaanxi 710069 China
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23
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Chen L, Li R, Diao J, Tian Z, Di S, Zhang W, Cheng C, Zhou Z. Tissue distribution and toxicity effects of myclobutanil enantiomers in lizards (Eremias argus). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 145:623-629. [PMID: 28806564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, serious environmental pollution has caused a decrease in the abundance of many species worldwide. Reptiles are the most diverse group of terrestrial vertebrates. There are large amounts of toxicological data available regarding myclobutanil, but the adverse effects of myclobutanil on lizards has not been widely reported. In this study, treatment groups were orally administered a single-dose of myclobutanil (20mg/kg body weight (bw)). Subsequently, it was found that there were differences in myclobutanil levels between the different tissues and concentrations also changed with degradation time. The tissue concentrations of myclobutanil decreased in the order of: stomach > liver > lung > blood > testis > kidney > heart > brain. Based on our results, the liver and testis were considered to be the main target organs in lizards, indicating that the myclobutanil could induce potential hepatic and reproductive toxicity on lizards. Meanwhile, it was also demonstrated that the toxic effects of myclobutanil was different in different species, and the distribution of different pesticides in lizards were different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruiting Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongnan Tian
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shanshan Di
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, China.
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24
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Chang J, Li W, Xu P, Guo B, Wang Y, Li J, Wang H. The tissue distribution, metabolism and hepatotoxicity of benzoylurea pesticides in male Eremias argus after a single oral administration. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 183:1-8. [PMID: 28511076 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Benzoylurea pesticides (BPUs) are widely used to control the locust, but the toxicokinetics and hepatotoxicity of BPUs in lizards have not been investigated. In this study, the tissue distribution, metabolism and liver toxicity of diflubenzuron and flufenoxuron were assessed in the Eremias argus following a single oral exposure. Diflubenzuron preferred to accumulate in the fat and brain (>1.0 mg kg-1) and was rapidly eliminate in other tissues. In the liver, 4-chloroaniline was one of diflubenzuron metabolites, although with a concentration less than 0.05% of the accumulated diflubenzuron. No significant difference was observed in the liver histopathology between the control and diflubenzuron exposure group. The expressions of Cyp1a and Ahr gene which control the cell apoptosis were also equal to the control level. After flufenoxuron exposure, biomodal phenomenon was observed in the liver, skin, brain, gonad, kidney, heart and blood circulation was an important route for the flufenoxuron penetration. The concentrations of flufenoxuron in all tissues were greater than 1.0 mg kg-1 at 168 h. The excretion of flufenoxuron in the faeces was 1.5 fold higher than diflubenzuron. The hepatocytes in the flufenoxuron treated group showed vacuolation of cytoplasm and decreased nucleus. In addition, the Cyp1a and Ahr genes were significantly up-regulated in the flufenoxuron exposure group. These results suggested that the higher hepatotoxicity of flufenoxuron may be attributed to the higher residual level in the lizard tissues and the Cyp1a and Ahr genes can serve as biomarkers to assess the liver toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan RD 19 a, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Baoyuan Guo
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yinghuan Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Huili Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China.
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25
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Shen Q, Li J, Xu P, Li W, Zhuang G, Wang Y. Enantioselective metabolism of triadimefon and its chiral metabolite triadimenol in lizards. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 143:159-165. [PMID: 28535441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chinese lizards (Eremias argus) were exposed to separated R-(-)-triadimefon, S-(+)-triadimefon and racemic triadimefon to evaluate enantioselective accumulation of triadimefon. After single oral administration of R-(-)-triadimefon, S-(+)-triadimefon and racemic triadimefon, the time-concentration curves in different tissues were found to be different. Triadimefon enantiomers crossed the blood-brain barrier and brain is a main target organ. The residues of triadimefon enantiomers in fat were highest after 24h indicating that fat was the main tissue of accumulation. In racemic triadimefon exposure group, the enantiomer fractions of R-(-)-triadimefon in different tissues showed that the differences between R-(-)-triadimefon and S-(+)-triadimefon were significant in absorption and metabolism, but the differences became smaller in exclusion and accumulation. From the results of mathematical models, S-(+)-triadimefon was absorbed and eliminated faster than R-(-)-triadimefon, and R-(-)-triadimefon was easily distributed in the tissues and more easily converted into its metabolites. Furthermore, among the four enantiomers of triadimenol, SR-(-)-triadimenol produced by S-(+)-triadimefon may have the highest fungicidal activity and the strongest biological toxicity, RR-(+)-triadimenol produced by R-(-)-triadimefon was most likely to bioaccumulate in lizard. Identifying toxicological effects and dose-response relationship of SR-(-)-triadimenol and RR-(+)-triadimenol will help fully assess the risk of TF enantiomers use in the future. The results enrich and supplement the knowledge of the environmental fate of triadimefon enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxuan Shen
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Jitong Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Peng Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Zhuang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Yinghuan Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, PR China.
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26
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Li J, Wang Y, Li W, Xu P, Guo B, Li J, Wang H. Tissue distribution and metabolism of triadimefon and triadimenol enantiomers in Chinese lizards (Eremias argus). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 142:284-292. [PMID: 28433593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Triadimefon (TF, S-(+)-TF, R-(-)-TF) and its metabolite triadimenol (TN, TN-A1, A2 and TN-B1, B2) are two systemic fungicides and both of them are chiral pharmaceuticals which are widely used in agricultural industry. Many researches focused on the toxicity effects of triadimefon on mammals, while the ecotoxicological data of tiradimefon on reptiles is limited. In order to understand the toxicity mechanism of triadimefon in reptiles, the current study administrated S-(+)-TF or R-(-)-TF traidimefon (50mg/kgbw) to Chinese lizards (Eremias argus) respectively, the absorption, distribution of triadimefon and the formation of triadimenol were analysed at different sampling times. The metabolic pathways were demonstrated through relative gene expression using quantitative real-time PCR reaction. During the experiment time, triadimefon was quickly peaked to the maximum concentration within 12h in liver, brain, kidney, and plasma, eliminated slowly. The biotransformation in kidney was the lowest and fat possessed the worst degradation ability among others. The metabolite, triadimenol was detected in blood in 2h and reached to a plateau at about 12h in most organs (fat excepted), while the process of metabolism is stereoselective. The mainly metabolite in R-(-)-TF treated group was TN-B1, and TN-A2 in S-(+)-TF group which showed the selective metabolism to other species caused by environmental conditions, differences in the animal models and concentration of TF. The related gene expression of cyp1a1, cyp3a1 and hsd11β mRNA level in lizards showed different metabolic pathways in the liver and brain. Both P450s enzymes and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase participated in metabolic reaction in liver, while no 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase pathway observed in brain. This diversity in liver and brain may cause different degradation rate and ecotoxicological effect in different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitong Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan RD 19 a, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yinghuan Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Wei Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Baoyuan Guo
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Huili Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China
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27
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Li J, Chang J, Li W, Guo B, Li J, Wang H. Disruption of sex-hormone levels and steroidogenic-related gene expression on Mongolia Racerunner (Eremias argus) after exposure to triadimefon and its enantiomers. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 171:554-563. [PMID: 28039834 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Triadimefon (TF) is a widely used chiral fungicide with one chiral centre and two enantiomers (TF1 and TF2). However, little is reported about the ecological toxicity of reptiles on an enantioselective level. TF is a potential endocrine disruptor that may interfere with sex steroid hormones, such as testosterone (T) and 17beta-estradiol (E2). In our study, the lizards Mongolia Racerunner (Eremias argus) were orally exposed to TF and its enantiomers for 21 days. Plasma sex steroid hormones and steroidogenic-related genes, including 17-beta-hydroxysteroid (hsd17β), cytochrome P450 enzymes (cyp19 and cyp17), and steroid hormone receptors (erα and Ar) were evaluated. After exposure, the plasma testosterone level in the 100 mg/kgbw group was elevated, while the oestradiol level was reduced. This phenomenon may be caused by the transformation of cyp19, which may inhibit the conversion of testosterone to oestradiol and affect sexual behaviour. In addition, the two enantiomers have different effects on hormone levels, which testified to the previously reported biotoxic dissimilarity between TF1 and TF2 in organisms. Furthermore, the cyp19 mRNA level in liver and gonad of the TF2 and TF group (100 mg/kgbw) were significantly down-regulated, while the cyp17 and hsd17β mRNA levels were up-regulated. The expression of erα and Ar mRNA levels were up-regulated in males but not in females, which may indicate that TF has sex differences on these two genes. As seen from the above results, TF and its enantiomers may have endocrine-disrupting effects on lizards (E. argus) by acting sensitively on sex steroid hormones and steroidogenic-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitong Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Rd 18, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Rd 19A, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Chang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Rd 18, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Rd 19A, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Rd 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Baoyuan Guo
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Rd 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Rd 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Huili Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Rd 18, Beijing 100085, China.
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28
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Li J, Zhang Y, Yang M, Ma H. Two novel Co(ii) and Ni(ii) complexes of tebuconazole with enhanced antifungal activities. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03629a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled release studies and theoretical investigations on two complexes based on tebuconazole were carried out to explain their increased antifungal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Yao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Mingyan Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Chang'an University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Haixia Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- China
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29
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Matarashvili I, Shvangiradze I, Chankvetadze L, Sidamonidze S, Takaishvili N, Farkas T, Chankvetadze B. High-performance liquid chromatographic separations of stereoisomers of chiral basic agrochemicals with polysaccharide-based chiral columns and polar organic mobile phases. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:4173-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iza Matarashvili
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences; Tbilisi State University; Tbilisi Georgia
| | - Iamze Shvangiradze
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Informatics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences; Georgian University of St. Andrew the Apostle; Tbilisi Georgia
| | - Lali Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences; Tbilisi State University; Tbilisi Georgia
| | - Shota Sidamonidze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences; Tbilisi State University; Tbilisi Georgia
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Informatics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences; Georgian University of St. Andrew the Apostle; Tbilisi Georgia
| | - Nino Takaishvili
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences; Tbilisi State University; Tbilisi Georgia
| | | | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences; Tbilisi State University; Tbilisi Georgia
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30
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Simultaneous enantioselective determination of triadimefon and its metabolite triadimenol in edible vegetable oil by gel permeation chromatography and ultraperformance convergence chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:8849-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Li J, Xi T, Yan B, Yang M, Song J, Ma H. Two Cu(ii) complexes of triadimefon: crystal structure, antifungal activities and structure–activity relationship. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00679a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical investigations of the electronic structures of Cu(ii) complexes carried out by DFT calculations partially explained the increased biocidal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Teng Xi
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Biao Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- Xi'an
- China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Mingyan Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Chang'an University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Jirong Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- Xi'an
- China
- Conservation Technology Department
| | - Haixia Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- Xi'an
- China
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32
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Li J, Xi T, Yan B, Guan Y, Yang M, Song J, Ma H. Synergistic actions between tebuconazole ligand and Cu(ii) cation: reasons for the enhanced antifungal activity of four Cu(ii) complexes based on the fungicide tebuconazole. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01845e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The enhanced antifungal activity of four synthesized complexes is due to the synergistic actions of tebuconazole ligand and Cu(ii) cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Teng Xi
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Biao Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- Xi'an
- China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Yulei Guan
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Mingyan Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Chang'an University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Jirong Song
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- Xi'an
- China
- Conservation Technology Department
| | - Haixia Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- Xi'an
- China
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