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Cao S, Wang J, You X, Zhou B, Wang Y, Zhou Z. Purine Metabolism and Pyrimidine Metabolism Alteration Is a Potential Mechanism of BDE-47-Induced Apoptosis in Marine Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12726. [PMID: 37628905 PMCID: PMC10454229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This present study was conducted to provide evidence and an explanation for the apoptosis that occurs in the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis when facing 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) stress. Metabolomics analysis showed that aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, and arginine biosynthesis were the top three sensitive pathways to BDE-47 exposure, which resulted in the reduction in the amino acid pool level. Pyrimidine metabolism and purine metabolism pathways were also significantly influenced, and the purine and pyrimidine content were obviously reduced in the low (0.02 mg/L) and middle (0.1 mg/L) concentration groups while increased in the high (0.5 mg/L) concentration group, evidencing the disorder of nucleotide synthesis and decomposition in B. plicatilis. The biochemical detection of the key enzymes in purine metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism showed the downregulation of Glutamine Synthetase (GS) protein expression and the elevation of Xanthine Oxidase (XOD) activity, which suggested the impaired DNA repair and ROS overproduction. The content of DNA damage biomarker (8-OHdG) increased in treatment groups, and the p53 signaling pathway was found to be activated, as indicated by the elevation of the p53 protein expression and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. The ROS scavenger (N-acetyl-L-cysteine, NAC) addition effectively alleviated not only ROS overproduction but also DNA damage as well as the activation of apoptosis. The combined results backed up the speculation that purine metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism alteration play a pivotal role in BDE-47-induced ROS overproduction and DNA damage, and the consequent activation of the p53 signaling pathway led to the observed apoptosis in B. plicatilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Cao
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.C.); (J.W.); (X.Y.); (B.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jiayi Wang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.C.); (J.W.); (X.Y.); (B.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xinye You
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.C.); (J.W.); (X.Y.); (B.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.C.); (J.W.); (X.Y.); (B.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - You Wang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.C.); (J.W.); (X.Y.); (B.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhou
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.C.); (J.W.); (X.Y.); (B.Z.); (Y.W.)
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Yang L, Xu J, Gao H, Dai S, Liu L, Xi Y, Zhang G, Wen X. Toxicity enhancement of nano titanium dioxide to Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera) under simulated sunlight and the underlying mechanisms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 251:114556. [PMID: 36669281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nano titanium dioxide (nTiO2) generally shows low toxicity to organisms under light-emitting diode (LED) light. However, nTiO2 can induce production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under ultraviolet (UV) light due to its photocatalytic activity. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect the enhancement of nTiO2 toxicity under sunlight. To test this hypothesis, we compared the toxicity of nTiO2 to Brachionus calyciflorus under simulated sunlight and LED light. The results showed that the 24 h-LC50 of nTiO2 to B. calyciflorus under LED light and simulated sunlight were 24.32 (95% CI: 14.54-46.81 mg/L) and 10.44 mg/L (95% CI: 6.74-17.09 mg/L), respectively. Compared with the blank control, treatments with nTiO2 significantly affected life-table demographic parameters, population growth parameters and swimming linear speed under both simulated sunlight and LED light. However, life expectancy, net reproductive rate, average lifespan, maximal population density, and swimming linear speed in the treatments of nTiO2 at 0.1, 1, and/or 10 mg/L showed markedly lower values under simulated sunlight than those under LED light, suggesting that simulated sunlight could enhance the toxicity of nTiO2. In addition, markedly higher catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content but lower glutathione (GSH) content were observed in treatment with 10 mg/L nTiO2 under simulated sunlight than that under LED light. The results showed that compared with LED light, simulated sunlight significantly induced more oxidative stress in the presence of nTiO2, and the ROS production was mainly localized to the corona and digestive tract of rotifers by confocal laser scanning microscope. Exposure to 10-50 μM of vitamin C, that is an effective ROS scavenger, could rescue the swimming linear speed of rotifers to the normal level in the blank control. These results suggested that oxidative damages on cell membrane might be the vital mechanism underlying the toxicity enhancement of nTiO2 to rotifers under simulated sunlight. Thus, the previous publications under LED light may underestimate the real toxicity and environmental risk of nTiO2 in natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jinqian Xu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Huahua Gao
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shiniu Dai
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Lingli Liu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yilong Xi
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Gen Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Xinli Wen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Wuhu 241002, China.
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Sha J, Jian X, Yu Q, Wei M, Li X, Zhao L, Qi Y. Exposure to BDE-47 and BDE-209 impaired antioxidative defense mechanisms in Brachionus plicatilis. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135152. [PMID: 35649441 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that pose serious challenges to aquatic animals and environments. Compared with BDE-47 which was one of the most toxic congeners known to date, BDE-209 is less toxic with higher abundance in biotic and abiotic samples. In this study, we have explored the effects of BDE-47 and BDE-209 at different concentrations on the radical oxygen species (ROS) levels and the antioxidant defense system of Brachionus plicatilis. Antioxidant indexes were measured, including total protein content (TSP), the activities of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. The results indicated that while low concentrations of PBDEs could activate the antioxidant defense mechanisms, prolonged exposure to higher concentrations of PBDEs could impair the antioxidative capacity of B.plicatilis (P < 0.05). The overwhelming of the B.plicatilis antioxidant defense mechanism led to an accumulation of free radicals, resulting in the overactivation of lipid peroxidation and the increased frequency of DNA damage (P < 0.05). By studying the toxicity of PBDEs and the detoxification mechanism of B.plicatilis, our research has revealed useful indexes for detecting and monitoring the level of BDE-47 and BDE-209 in the future. Altogether, this study holds immense value in the field of ecotoxicology and environmental safety and will aid in the proper management of PBDEs pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Sha
- North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266033, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning and Protection of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266033, China
| | - Xiaoyang Jian
- North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266033, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning and Protection of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266033, China
| | - Qingyun Yu
- North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266033, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning and Protection of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266033, China
| | - Miao Wei
- North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266033, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning and Protection of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266033, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266033, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning and Protection of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266033, China
| | - Ludan Zhao
- North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266033, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning and Protection of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266033, China
| | - Yanping Qi
- North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266033, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning and Protection of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266033, China.
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Sun T, Ji C, Li F, Wu H. Hormetic dose responses induced by organic flame retardants in aquatic animals: Occurrence and quantification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153295. [PMID: 35065129 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The organic flame retardants (OFRs) have attracted global concerns due to their potential toxicity and ubiquitous presence in the aquatic environment. Hormesis refers to a biphasic dose response, characterized by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition. The present study provided substantial evidence for the widespread occurrence of OFRs-induced hormesis in aquatic animals, including 202 hormetic dose response relationships. The maximum stimulatory response (MAX) was commonly lower than 160% of the control response, with a combined value of 134%. Furthermore, the magnitude of MAX varied significantly among multiple factors and their interactions, such as chemical types and taxonomic groups. Moreover, the distance from the dose of MAX to the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) (NOAEL: MAX) was typically below 10-fold (median = 6-fold), while the width of the hormetic zone (from the lowest dose inducing hormesis to the NOAEL) was approximately 20-fold. Collectively, the quantitative features of OFRs-induced hormesis in aquatic animals were in accordance with the broader hormetic literature. In addition, the implications of hormetic dose response model for the risk assessment of OFRs were discussed. This study offered a novel insight for understanding the biological effects of low-to-high doses of OFRs on aquatic animals and assessing the potential risks of OFRs in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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Cao S, Liu Z, Zhou B, Jiang Y, Xu M, Wang Y. Post-ecological effect and risk assessment of using modified clay in harmful algal bloom mitigation: An attempt based on the responses of zooplankton Brachionus plicatilis and bivalve Mytilus edulis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 230:113134. [PMID: 34973604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The modified clay is the only worldwide-accepted practical method for mitigating algal bloom. Is it ecologically safe? To evidence it, a simulative bloom-occurring system of Karenia mikimotoi was set up, and the sentinel organisms of rotifer Brachionus plicatilis in sea surface and blue mussel Mytilus edulis on the benthos were respectively included. The organisms' physiological responses were determined as the indicators to reflect the ecological impacts when clay settled from surface to the bottom during the mimic bloom-mitigating process. Modified clay at a concentration of 0.1 g/L effectively removed the K. mikimotoi at an 81% removal rate, and its addition would not significantly strengthen the negative impacts on population dynamics and reproductive activities of B. plicatilis induced by sole K. mikimotoi within the first 2 h. Even an alleviation was observed at 2 d indicated by the increase of survival rate, egg and larva production after clay addition compared with those of 2 h. When the clay particles settled to benthos, the physical damage to the gills and digestive glands of M. edulis were found via the tissue and SEM observation, especially in higher treatment groups of 0.5 and 1.0 g/L, and filtering rate, digestive enzymes, condition index, water content and mortality were also influenced. However, little impact was found in group of 0.1 g/L. Risk assessment based on the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) model further revealed that the complete key event-key event relationship-adverse outcome pathway was only clearly observed in 0.5 g/L and 1 g/L groups but not in 0.1 g/L group, inferring the small ecological risk of 0.1 g/L. The integrated biomarker response (IBR) based on the mussel's physiological responses further backed up the AOP outcoming. The combined results from rotifer to bivalve emphasized on one conclusion that modified clay at 0.1 g/L was effective and ecologically safe in coastal bloom mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Cao
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Zhengyu Liu
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Yongshun Jiang
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Mengxue Xu
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - You Wang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Nasri A, Allouche M, Hannachi A, Barhoumi B, Wahbi A, Harrath AH, Mahmoudi E, Beyrem H, Boufahja F. Ecotoxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-47) on a meiobenthic community with special emphasis on nematodes: Taxonomic and trophic diversity assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 277:116727. [PMID: 33640809 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The response taxonomic and trophic of meiobenthic organisms, especially marine nematodes to polybrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-47) was studied using a community from Bizerte lagoon (Nord-East Tunisia). Four concentrations of BDE-47 [D1 (2.5 μg/kg dw), D2 (25 μg/kg dw), D3 (50 μg/kg dw), and D4 (100 μg/kg dw)] were applied, and responses were determined 30 days after exposure. Species abundance and all univariate indices were significantly affected in all treated microcosms compared to the control. The non-parametric cluster based on species abundance separated the nematode population into two groups: control + all treated microcosms. After grouping nematode species according to their trophic diversity, their abundance showed differential responses. The non-metric multi-dimensional scaling analysis and cumulative k-dominance based on the abundance of trophic groups abundances reflected significant separation between the control microcosm and each treatment condition. The correspondence analysis 2D plot generated from nematode species and trophic groups abundance showed the control microcosm was dominated by microvores, represented by two species of Terschellingia. However, when treated with the highest concentration of BDE-47, the community was occupied by the resistant trophic groups of facultative predators and epigrowth feeders represented by Metoncholaimus pristiurus and Paracomesoma dubium, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Nasri
- Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta (FSB), 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerta, Tunisia.
| | - Mohamed Allouche
- Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta (FSB), 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerta, Tunisia
| | - Amel Hannachi
- Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta (FSB), 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerta, Tunisia
| | - Badreddine Barhoumi
- Laboratory of Hetero-Organic Compounds and Nanostructured Materials (LR18ES11), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Aymen Wahbi
- Laboratory of Hetero-Organic Compounds and Nanostructured Materials (LR18ES11), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ezzeddine Mahmoudi
- Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta (FSB), 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerta, Tunisia
| | - Hamouda Beyrem
- Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta (FSB), 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerta, Tunisia
| | - Fehmi Boufahja
- Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta (FSB), 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerta, Tunisia
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Yang Y, Jian X, Tang X, Ma W, Sun Z, Zhang X, Fang K, Zhang X. Feeding behavior toxicity in the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis caused by 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47): Characteristics and mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129512. [PMID: 33465624 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ether contamination in marine environments has received special attention due to its accumulation and magnification in the marine food web and toxicity to organisms. In the present study, a series of short-term toxicological tests were conducted with the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis to assess the effects on ingestion and digestive performance after treatment with 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) at nonlethal concentrations under controlled laboratory conditions and to analyze the possible mechanism. The results showed that with accumulation in rotifers, BDE-47 caused a significant decline in the filtration and feeding rates in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the activities of amylase (AMS) and protease were affected, indicating that BDE-47 impaired ingestion and digestion efficiency. BDE-47 exposure did not lead to abnormal microstructures in the main digestive tract (e.g., cilia around the corona, mastax, stomach, digestive gland and esophagus), but the gastric parietal cells shrank, suggesting nutritional deficiency. BDE-47 prominently induced the occurrence of irregular mitochondria at the cilia root, and mitochondrial and isocitrate dehydrogenase activity declined, indicating mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, the activity of ATPase, which catalyzes ATP hydrolysis, decreased as the BDE-47 concentration rose, implying that BDE-47 retarded rotifer ATP dynamics, inevitably interfering with cilia movement to ingest food. Additionally, a significant decline in acetylcholine esterase activity was observed, which led to a hindrance in neurotransmission involved in food intake and digestion. Altogether, our results demonstrated that nonlethal concentrations of BDE-47 could induce feeding depression in rotifers, which is mainly attributed to stymied energy metabolism and nerve conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaoyang Jian
- North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Fushun Road 22, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266033, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wenqian Ma
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zijie Sun
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Kuan Fang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Li XD, Wang XY, Xu ME, Jiang Y, Yan T, Wang XC. Progress on the usage of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis in marine ecotoxicology: A review. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 229:105678. [PMID: 33197688 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis, is a widely used model species in marine ecotoxicology for evaluating pollutions, toxins, and harmful algae. In this paper, the marine ecotoxicology of Brachionus plicatilis was reviewed, including toxicity measurements of harmful algae species and environmental stresses. In addition, marine pollution involving pesticides, heavy metals, drugs, petroleum, and petrochemicals were addressed. Methods for measuring toxicity were also discussed. The standard acute lethal assay and the chronic population dynamics test were indicated as common methods of toxicity evaluating using B. plicatilis. Research on other biomarkers, such as behaviour, enzyme activity, or gene expression, are also reported here, with potential applications for fast detection or the scientific exploration of underlying molecular mechanisms. It is suggested that the methods selected should reflect the experimental purpose. Additionally, series assays should be conducted for comprehensive evaluation of ecotoxicity as well as to elucidate the correct mechanisms. Genetic methods, such as transcriptomics, were suggested as useful tools for exploring the toxicity mechanism using the rotifer B. plicatilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
| | - Xin-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Meng-En Xu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Tian Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
| | - Xiao-Cheng Wang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Centre, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116023, China
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Liu C, Wang B, Zhou B, Jian X, Zhang X, Wang Y. The responses of Oncorhynchus mykiss coping with BDE-47 stress via PXR-mediated detoxification and Nrf2-mediated antioxidation system. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 207:63-71. [PMID: 30530205 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The low brominated polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is ubiquitous in the marine environment. To elucidate the stress response and possible mechanisms underlying BDE-47, the rainbow trout fish Oncorhynchus mykiss were selected and orally fed bait with BDE-47 concentrations of 50 ng/g and 500 ng/g. BDE-47 was found to be mainly accumulated in head kidney and caused lipid peroxidation after prolonged exposure. We studied the detoxification system genes pregnane X receptor (PXR) and downstream genes (cytochrome 3 A, CYP3 A; glutathione S-transferase, GST) and their corresponding enzyme activity and found that the above indicators in the treatment groups increased first and then decreased with time, while the 500 ng/g group showed more significant changes. Further, the antioxidant system gene expression levels of the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and downstream genes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT) were found significantly up-regulated with concentration and time. The change in the enzyme activity of SOD and CAT showed the same tendency as that of indicators of detoxifying system. The results showed that BDE-47 can accumulated in head kidney and caused activate and fast increase of genes and enzymes of detoxification and antioxidant system in the short-term and then damage the response systems in longer times. After Pearson correlation analysis, the Integrated Biomarker Response (IBR) Index was established with malondialdehyde (MDA) content; PXR, Nrf2, SOD, and CAT gene expression; and CYP3 A, GST, and CAT enzymatic activity, which were significantly related to BDE-47 bioaccumulation (P < 0.5). The IBR value can indicate the ecotoxicological responses of the head kidney to different BDE-47 concentrations exposure, but the high activity of the antioxidant system might obscure the damage of the detoxification system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchen Liu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Boyuan Wang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Bin Zhou
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Xiaoyang Jian
- North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Fushun Road 22, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266033, China.
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - You Wang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China.
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10
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Using the Marine Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis as an Endpoint to Evaluate Whether ROS-Dependent Hemolytic Toxicity Is Involved in the Allelopathy Induced by Karenia mikimotoi. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10110439. [PMID: 30380633 PMCID: PMC6266181 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10110439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxic effects of the typically noxious bloom-forming dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi were studied using the allelopathic experimental system under controlled laboratory conditions. The potency of intact cell suspensions with whole cells, cell-free culture filtrate in different growth phases, and lysed cells with ultrasonication were compared, and the growth and reproduction of the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis were used as endpoints to evaluate toxic differences. The intact cell suspension resulted the most significant growth inhibition, including lethality, on the growth of B. plicatilis (p < 0.05). Lysed culture medium treated with ultrasonication and the cell-free culture filtrates at either the exponential or stationary phase exhibited limited negative impacts compared to the control according to changes in the population growth rate (r) and survival rate (p > 0.05). Reproduction presented a similar tendency to change, and the number of eggs produced per individual, as well as spawning period decreased in the whole cell and lysed cell suspensions. The key parameters in the lift table include the net reproductive rate (R₀) and the intrinsic rate of increase (rm), which were more sensitive to treatment and were significantly suppressed compared to that of the control. The addition of the ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could not change the growth or reproduction patterns. Moreover, substantial hemolytic toxicity was found in the treatment of the intact cell suspension (p < 0.05), while limited toxicity was found in other treatments compared to that of the control. K. mikimotoi was speculated to secrete allelopathic substances onto the cell surface, and direct cell contact was necessary for allelopathic toxicity in B. plicatilis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-independent hemolytic toxicity was assumed to be the explanation for what was observed.
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11
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Kim HS, Lee BY, Han J, Jeong CB, Hwang DS, Lee MC, Kang HM, Kim DH, Kim HJ, Papakostas S, Declerck SAJ, Choi IY, Hagiwara A, Park HG, Lee JS. The genome of the freshwater monogonont rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. Mol Ecol Resour 2018; 18:646-655. [PMID: 29451365 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Monogononta is the most speciose class of rotifers, with more than 2,000 species. The monogonont genus Brachionus is widely distributed at a global scale, and a few of its species are commonly used as ecological and evolutionary models to address questions related to aquatic ecology, cryptic speciation, evolutionary ecology, the evolution of sex and ecotoxicology. With the importance of Brachionus species in many areas of research, it is remarkable that the genome has not been characterized. This study aims to address this lacuna by presenting, for the first time, the whole-genome assembly of the freshwater species Brachionus calyciflorus. The total length of the assembled genome was 129.6 Mb, with 1,041 scaffolds. The N50 value was 786.6 kb, and the GC content was 24%. A total of 16,114 genes were annotated with repeat sequences, accounting for 21% of the assembled genome. This assembled genome may form a basis for future studies addressing key questions on the evolution of monogonont rotifers. It will also provide the necessary molecular resources to mechanistically investigate ecophysiological and ecotoxicological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Su Kim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Bo-Young Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Han
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Chang-Bum Jeong
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Dae-Sik Hwang
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Min-Chul Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hye-Min Kang
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Duck-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Steven A J Declerck
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ik-Young Choi
- Department of Agriculture and Life Industry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Atsushi Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Heum Gi Park
- Department of Marine Resource Development, College of Life Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
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12
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Zheng L, Pan L, Lin P, Miao J, Wang X, Lin Y, Wu J. Evaluating the toxic effects of three priority hazardous and noxious substances (HNS) to rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:27277-27287. [PMID: 28965194 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hazardous and noxious substances (HNS) spill in the marine environment is an issue of growing concern, and it will mostly continue to do so in the future owing to the increase of high chemical traffic. Nevertheless, the effects of HNS spill on marine environment, especially on aquatic organisms are unclear. Consequently, it is emergent to provide valuable information for the toxicities to marine biota caused by HNS spill. Accordingly, the acute toxicity of three preferential HNS and sub-lethal effects of acrylonitrile on Brachionus plicatilis were evaluated. The median lethal concentration (LC50) at 24 h were 47.2 mg acrylonitrile L-1, 276.9 mg styrene L-1, and 488.3 mg p-xylene L-1, respectively. Sub-lethal toxicity effects of acrylonitrile on feeding behavior, development, and reproduction parameters of B. plicatilis were also evaluated. Results demonstrated that rates of filtration and ingestion were significantly reduced at 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg L-1 of acrylonitrile. Additionally, reproductive period, fecundity, and life span were significantly decreased at high acrylonitrile concentrations. Conversely, juvenile period was significantly increased at the highest two doses and no effects were observed on embryonic development and post-reproductive period. Meanwhile, we found that ingestion rate decline could be a good predictor of reproduction toxicity in B. plicatilis and ecologically relevant endpoint for toxicity assessment. These data will be useful to assess and deal with marine HNS spillages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Pengfei Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jingjing Miao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiufen Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yufei Lin
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, State Ocean Administration of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100194, China
| | - Jiangyue Wu
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, State Ocean Administration of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100194, China
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13
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Park JC, Han J, Lee MC, Kang HM, Jeong CB, Hwang DS, Wang M, Lee JS. Adverse effects of BDE-47 on life cycle parameters, antioxidant system, and activation of MAPK signaling pathway in the rotifer Brachionus koreanus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 186:105-112. [PMID: 28282617 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is widely dispersed endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the aquatic ecosystem. Due to its devastating effect on marine organisms and insufficient database on toxicology, we investigated the adverse effects of BDE-47 on life parameters and antioxidant defense system following the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the monogonont rotifer Brachionus koreanus. In B. koreanus, the reduction in life cycle, fecundity, and population growth were observed in response to BDE-47. 50μg/L BDE-47 significantly reduced (P<0.05) life expectancy and net reproductive rate. In response to 10-50μg/L BDE-47 exposure, the oxidative stress was elicited via the generation of ROS, while the antioxidant related enzymes (e.g. glutathione S-transferase [GST] and glutathione reductase [GR]) have demonstrated significant activity levels (P<0.05) to further alleviate the oxidative stress in a concentration dependent manner. Furthermore, transcript profiles of antioxidant function (GST-A, -O, and -S1-S8)-related genes have shown the significant increase over 24h in response to BDE-47 (0, 10, 25, and 50μg/L). As for MAPK signaling pathway analysis, up-regulation of their activities was observed at 25μg/L BDE-47 but their activities have reduced at adult NOEC concentration of 50μg/L. This study provides a better understanding of the effects of BDE-47 on life parameters, molecular defense system, and activation of MAPK signaling pathway against generated oxidants in the rotifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chul Park
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Han
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Min-Chul Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Hye-Min Kang
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Chang-Bum Jeong
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Dae-Sik Hwang
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Minghua Wang
- Center for Marine Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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14
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Jian X, Tang X, Xu N, Sha J, Wang Y. Responses of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis to flame retardant (BDE-47) stress. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 116:298-306. [PMID: 28094042 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of short-term toxicological tests were conducted on the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis to assess the toxicity of the flame retardant 2,2',4,4'-tetrabrominated biphenyl ether (BDE-47). BDE-47 increased mortality, morphological damage, and altered population dynamics and fecundity of rotifer. Antioxidant enzymes were differentially changed to maintain the balance between antioxidant and pro-oxidant activity. However, with increases in the concentration of BDE-47, the metabolic and antioxidant activity decreased. Moreover, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde contents increased and the ratio between glutathione and glutathione-SH decreased, indicating oxidative stress. The addition of the ROS-inhibitor N-acetylcysteine alleviated the degree of damage and stimulated the activity of xenobiotic-metabolizing and antioxidant system, which suggested that ROS were the most important loop in the stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Jian
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Ningning Xu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Jingjing Sha
- North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Fushun Road 22, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266033, China
| | - You Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
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15
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16
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Sun KM, Fang K, Tang X. A study of oxidative stress induced by two polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 113:408-413. [PMID: 27765404 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely dispersed persistent organic pollutants in the marine ecosystem. However, their toxic mechanisms in marine organisms, especially invertebrates, remain poorly understood. Two common congeners of PBDEs, tetrabrominated diphenyl ether-47 (BDE-47) and decabrominated diphenyl ether-209 (BDE-209), were investigated. Their toxic mechanisms, with a focus on oxidative stress, were examined in rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was induced by two PBDEs. The expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) mRNA was increased, suggesting SOD play a main role in ROS-scavenging. The intercellular concentrations of calcium ([Ca2+]in) and the expression of calmodulin (CaM) mRNA were increased. This indicates the calcium ion (Ca2+) signaling channel is involved in PBDEs stress. Further analysis showed that the reproductive system might be the target site for toxicity of PBDEs. Moreover, high value of detection indexes in BDE-47 experimental groups suggested BDE-47 might cause higher oxidative damage than BDE-209 in rotifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - You Wang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Kai-Ming Sun
- The First Institute of Oceanography (FIO), State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Kuan Fang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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17
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhou B, Sun KM, Tang X. Reproductive Effects of Two Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers on the Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 97:198-202. [PMID: 27272522 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of two polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) on the reproduction of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis were investigated. Results showed that sexual maturation was promoted by tetra-brominated diphenyl ether-47 (BDE-47) and deca-brominated diphenyl ether-209 (BDE-209), whereas fecundity was inhibited by BDE-47, but promoted by BDE-209. Additionally, both PBDEs affected the expression of two genes, vasa and nanos mRNA, related to rotifer reproduction. This suggests a possible regulatory molecular mechanism at the transcriptional level. Our research extends the current knowledge of the ecotoxicological mechanism induced by PBDEs and provides further essential information for assessing the risks of PBDE contamination in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - You Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Kai-Ming Sun
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
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