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Zhang J, He M, Liu Y, Zhang L, Jiang H, Lin D. Chlorine substitution-dependent toxicities of polychlorinated biphenyls to the earthworm Eisenia fetida in soil. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 128:171-180. [PMID: 36801033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with different chlorine substitution patterns often coexist in e-waste-processing sites. However, the single and combined toxicity of PCBs to soil organisms and the influence of chlorine substitution patterns remain largely unknown. Herein, we evaluated the distinct in vivo toxicity of PCB28 (a trichlorinated PCB), PCB52 (a tetrachlorinated PCB), PCB101 (a pentachlorinated PCB), and their mixture to earthworm Eisenia fetida in soil, and looked into the underlining mechanisms in an in vitro test using coelomocytes. After a 28-days exposure, all PCBs (up to 10 mg/kg) were not fatal to earthworms, but could induce intestinal histopathological changes and microbial community alterations in the drilosphere system, along with a significant weight loss. Notably, pentachlorinated PCBs with a low bioaccumulation ability showed greater inhibitory effects on the growth of earthworm than lowly chlorinated PCBs, suggesting that bioaccumulation was not the main determinant of chlorine substitution-dependent toxicity. Furthermore, in vitro assays showed that the highly chlorinated PCBs induced a high-percentage apoptosis of eleocytes in the coelomocytes and significantly activated antioxidant enzymes, indicating that the distinct cellular vulnerability to lowly/highly chlorinated PCBs was the main contributor to the PCBs toxicity. These findings emphasize the specific advantage of using earthworms in the control of lowly chlorinated PCBs in soil due to their high tolerance and accumulation ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Environment and Resources Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Mengyang He
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yaoxuan Liu
- Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; China Energy Science and Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd., Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haojie Jiang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
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2
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Kanniah P, Balakrishnan S, Subramanian ER, Sudalaimani DK, Radhamani J, Sivasubramaniam S. Preliminary investigation on the impact of engineered PVP-capped and uncapped silver nanoparticles on Eudrilus eugeniae, a terrestrial ecosystem model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:25239-25255. [PMID: 35829879 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the production of silver nanoparticles and their commercial products has generated increased concern and caused a hazardous impact on the ecosystem. Therefore, the present study examines the toxic effect of chemically engineered silver nanoparticles (SNPs) and polyvinylpyrrolidone-capped silver nanoparticles (PVP-SNPs) on the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae (E. eugeniae). The SNPs and PVP-SNPs were synthesized, and their characterization was determined by UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The toxicity of SNPs and PVP-SNPs was evaluated using E. eugeniae. The present result indicates that the lethal concentration (LC50) of SNPs and PVP-SNPs were achieved at 22.66 and 43.27 μg/mL, respectively. The activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was increased in SNPs compared to PVP-SNPs. Importantly, we have noticed that the E. eugeniae can amputate its body segments after exposure to SNPs and PVP-SNPs. This exciting phenomenon is named "autotomy," which describes a specific feature of E. eugeniae to escape from the toxic contaminants and predators. Accordingly, we have suggested this unique behavior may facilitate to assess the toxic effect of SNPs and PVP-SNPs in E. eugeniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulkumar Kanniah
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Subburathinam Balakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Elaiya Raja Subramanian
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Sudalaimani
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jila Radhamani
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudhakar Sivasubramaniam
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
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3
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Bakr Z, Said SM, Mohammad WA, Aboulnasr GN, Elshimy NA. Silver-Nanoparticle- and Silver-Nitrate-Induced Antioxidant Disbalance, Molecular Damage, and Histochemical Change on the Land Slug (Lehmannia nyctelia) Using Multibiomarkers. Front Physiol 2022; 13:945776. [PMID: 35979412 PMCID: PMC9376806 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.945776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and AgNO3 have harmful effects on the surrounding organisms, which may cause damage to these organisms. Therefore, the aim of this study is to detect damage caused by Ag NPs and silver nitrate to land slugs (Lehmannia nyctelia). In this study, the slugs were exposed to various concentrations of Ag NPs and AgNO3 for 15 days. The biochemical, antioxidant, lipid peroxidation (LPO), DNA fragmentation, and histopathological endpoints were assessed after 15 days of exposure to different concentrations of Ag NPs (0.04, 0.08, 0.4, and 0.8 g/L) and silver nitrate (0.04, 0.08, 0.4, and 0.8 g/L). The results show a significant decrease in total protein, total carbohydrate, superoxide dismutase, and GST and a significant increase in total lipid, LPO, and DNA fragmentation after exposure to Ag NPs and AgNO3 for 15 days compared with the control group. Histopathiological alterations were observed in the digestive glands which were indicated by histochemical staining. We concluded that exposure to AgNO3 and Ag NPs caused oxidative stress, genetic damage and alterations in the profile of muscle proteins and histological structure in L. nyctelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Bakr
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Zeinab Bakr,
| | | | - Wafaa A. Mohammad
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, New Valley, Egypt
| | - Gehad N. Aboulnasr
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Naser A. Elshimy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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4
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Pacheco NIN, Semerad J, Pivokonsky M, Cajthaml T, Filip J, Busquets-Fité M, Dvorak J, Rico A, Prochazkova P. Effects of silver sulfide nanoparticles on the earthworm Eisenia andrei. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 257:109355. [PMID: 35489639 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The massive production and use of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have led to their increasing release into the environment. Even though the antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of native nanoparticles have been well studied, the environmental impacts of transformation products such as silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag2S NPs) have not been elucidated. In the present study, we assessed the toxicity of Ag2S NPs and silver nitrate (AgNO3), as a source of Ag, to the earthworm Eisenia andrei using a nominal concentration of 5 mg Ag kg-1 soil. We used the OECD guidelines to assess effects on weight loss and mortality for 14 days. After exposure, we also extracted the immune effector cells (coelomocytes) and conducted a battery of biomarker tests. To ensure the quality of the toxicological results, the structural changes of NPs during the experiment and the uptake of silver by the earthworms were monitored. During the experiment, mortality effects were not detected, but a weight loss was observed in the earthworms exposed to Ag2S NPs. Altough Ag2S NPs were engulfed by E. andrei cells, neither phenoloxidase activity nor lipid peroxidation differed from the untreated control group. Cells from earthworms treated with Ag2S NPs exerted very broad value range of nitric oxide (NO) generation, suggesting an imbalance in the NO metabolism. Overall, this study suggests minimal risks associated with Ag2S NPs exposure to earthworms. However, further studies are needed to assure no immunotoxicological or chronic effects on a wider range of terrestrial organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natividad Isabel Navarro Pacheco
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jaroslav Semerad
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benatska 2, 128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pivokonsky
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 30/5, 166 12 Prague, 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Cajthaml
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benatska 2, 128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Filip
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jiri Dvorak
- Department of Modern Immunotherapy, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 2094, 128 20 Prague, 1, Czech Republic
| | - Andreu Rico
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain; IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Petra Prochazkova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Güneş M, Yalçın B, Ali MM, Ciğerci İH, Kaya B. Genotoxic assessment of cerium and magnesium nanoparticles and their ionic forms in Eisenia hortensis coelomocytes by alkaline comet assay. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:3095-3103. [PMID: 35608124 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the genotoxic potential of cerium oxide (CeO2 ), magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles and their ionic forms by alkaline comet assay. Eisenia hortensis were exposed to different series of concentrations (25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/ml) of chemicals for 48 h to find LC50 . The LC50 for MgO and CeO2 NPs were 70 and 80 μg/ml. Whereas, the LC50 for their ionic forms were 50 and 70 μg/ml. To assess the potential DNA damage caused by the chosen chemicals, E. hortensis was further exposed for 48 h to the following concentrations, based on their respective LC50s : LC50/2 , LC50 , and 2xLC50 . Comet scores demonstrated the significant increase (p < 0.05) in DNA damage at all concentrations, both for NPs and ionic forms in a concentration-dependent manner. Findings of the present study revealed the genotoxic effects of CeO2 NPs, MgO NPs and their ionic forms on E. hortensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Güneş
- Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Burçin Yalçın
- Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Muddassir Ali
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinay and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci
- Faculty of Science and Literature, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Bülent Kaya
- Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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6
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Urionabarrenetxea E, Garcia-Velasco N, Zaldibar B, Soto M. Impacts of sewage sludges deposition on agricultural soils: Effects upon model soil organisms. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 255:109276. [PMID: 35114392 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
During years sewage sludges have been worldwide poured in agricultural soils to enhance vegetal production. The "Landfill 17" located in Gernika-Lumo town (43°19'28.9"N 2°40'30.9"W) received for decades sewage sludges from the local Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) with agricultural purposes. To this WWTP, several pollutants as heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb), PAHs (benzo(a)pyrene among many others) and pesticides (i.e. dieldrin) could have arrived from local industry and be widespread all over the landfill. Soil invertebrates like earthworms and plants are of special interest due to their close contact with the polluted matrix and their potential effects by the presence of pollutants. In this context, the aim of the present work was to determine the health status of landfill soils by evaluating the effects on model soil organisms exerted by long-lasted pollutants after on site deposition of WWTP active sludges. With such a purpose, different standard toxicity tests and cellular level endpoints were performed on lettuce and earthworms. Indeed, germination (EPA 850.4100) and root elongation (EPA 850.4230) tests were carried out in Lactuca sativa, while OECD acute toxicity test (OECD-204), reproduction test (OECD-222) and Calcein-AM viability test with coelomocytes were applied in Eisenia fetida worms. For the exposure, soils collected in the landfield containing low, medium and high concentrations of pollutants were selected, and as reference LUFA 2.3 natural standard soil was chosen. While no differences were shown in the assays with L. sativa, significant differences between sludge exposed groups and control group were recorded with E. fetida, with lower coelomocyte number and viability and higher tissue metal accumulation after 28 days of exposure to polluted soils. These results confirmed the impact of contaminants to soil biota even after long periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Urionabarrenetxea
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nerea Garcia-Velasco
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Beñat Zaldibar
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Manu Soto
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain..
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7
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Li M, Ruan LY, Dang F, Liu HL, Zhou DM, Yin B, Wang JS. Metabolic response of earthworms (Pheretima guillemi) to silver nanoparticles in sludge-amended soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 300:118954. [PMID: 35122920 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can enter soils via the application of sludge and pose risks to soil invertebrates. However, current knowledge regarding the toxicity of AgNPs at environmentally relevant concentration is insufficient, especially at the molecular level. Therefore, we examined the effects of low-level AgNPs (7.2 mg kg-1, dry weight) on the bioaccumulation, pathology and metabolism of earthworms (Pheretima guillemi). After exposure for 28 d, earthworms were dissected into digestive system and the rest of the body to explore the response of different body parts to AgNPs. Ag concentration in the digestive system of exposed group (2.5 mg kg-1, dry weight) was significantly higher than that of the control group (0.5 mg kg-1, dry weight). AgNPs exposure had no significant effects on the survival and growth, but induced intestinal damage and metabolic interference to earthworms relative to the control. Metabolomics analysis showed that AgNPs exposure disturbed the glycerophospholipid metabolism, glutathione metabolism and energy metabolism in the digestive system and the energy metabolism in the rest of the body. AgNPs exposure also induced lipid peroxidation in the digestive system. The different metabolic responses between two body parts highlighted the importance of the uptake routes of Ag. These results provide a biochemical insight for the risk assessment of low-level AgNPs in terrestrial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ling-Yu Ruan
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Fei Dang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hai-Long Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Jun-Song Wang
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
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8
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Adeel M, Shakoor N, Shafiq M, Pavlicek A, Part F, Zafiu C, Raza A, Ahmad MA, Jilani G, White JC, Ehmoser EK, Lynch I, Ming X, Rui Y. A critical review of the environmental impacts of manufactured nano-objects on earthworm species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118041. [PMID: 34523513 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The presence of manufactured nano-objects (MNOs) in various consumer or their (future large-scale) use as nanoagrochemical have increased with the rapid development of nanotechnology and therefore, concerns associated with its possible ecotoxicological effects are also arising. MNOs are releasing along the product life cycle, consequently accumulating in soils and other environmental matrices, and potentially leading to adverse effects on soil biota and their associated processes. Earthworms, of the group of Oligochaetes, are an ecologically significant group of organisms and play an important role in soil remediation, as well as acting as a potential vector for trophic transfer of MNOs through the food chain. This review presents a comprehensive and critical overview of toxic effects of MNOs on earthworms in soil system. We reviewed pathways of MNOs in agriculture soil environment with its expected production, release, and bioaccumulation. Furthermore, we thoroughly examined scientific literature from last ten years and critically evaluated the potential ecotoxicity of 16 different metal oxide or carbon-based MNO types. Various adverse effects on the different earthworm life stages have been reported, including reduction in growth rate, changes in biochemical and molecular markers, reproduction and survival rate. Importantly, this literature review reveals the scarcity of long-term toxicological data needed to actually characterize MNOs risks, as well as an understanding of mechanisms causing toxicity to earthworm species. This review sheds light on this knowledge gap as investigating bio-nano interplay in soil environment improves our major understanding for safer applications of MNOs in the agriculture environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adeel
- BNU-HKUST Laboratory of Green Innovation, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University Zhuhai Subcampus, 18 Jinfeng Road, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai, Guangdong, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Noman Shakoor
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- University of Guadalajara-University Center for Biological and Agricultural Sciences, Camino Ing. Ramón Padilla Sánchez núm. 2100, La Venta del Astillero, Zapopan, Jalisco, CP. 45110, Mexico
| | - Anna Pavlicek
- Department of Water-Atmosphere-Environment, Institute of Waste Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 107, 1190, Vienna, Austria; Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Synthetic Bioarchitectures, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11/II, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Part
- Department of Water-Atmosphere-Environment, Institute of Waste Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 107, 1190, Vienna, Austria; Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Synthetic Bioarchitectures, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11/II, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Zafiu
- Department of Water-Atmosphere-Environment, Institute of Waste Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 107, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ali Raza
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arslan Ahmad
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ghulam Jilani
- Institute of Soil Science, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, 06504, USA
| | - Eva-Kathrin Ehmoser
- Department of Water-Atmosphere-Environment, Institute of Waste Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 107, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Xu Ming
- BNU-HKUST Laboratory of Green Innovation, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University Zhuhai Subcampus, 18 Jinfeng Road, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yukui Rui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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9
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Li M, Xu G, Guo N, Zheng N, Dong W, Li X, Yu Y. Influences and mechanisms of nanoparticles on pentachloronitrobenzene accumulation by earthworms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:51471-51479. [PMID: 33983610 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14368-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides and nanoparticles may coexist in soil; however, influences of nanoparticles on accumulation of pesticides in terrestrial organisms are still unclear. This study aims to investigate the influences and mechanisms of metal oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO and nano CuO) on accumulation of pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) in earthworms and their combined toxicity. The earthworms were cultivated in the soil spiked with nanoparticles (10, 50, 250 mg/kg) and PCNB (100 μg/kg) for 21 days. The concentrations of PCNB in earthworms in binary exposure treatments (PCNB + ZnO and PCNB + CuO) reached 2.47 and 3.13 times of that in individual PCNB exposure treatment, indicating that nanoparticles facilitated the accumulation of PCNB in earthworms. The contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in earthworms in treatments PCNB + ZnO 250 and PCNB + CuO 250 reached 379 and 316 fluorescence intensity/mg Protein, respectively, which were significantly higher than that in control group (183 fluorescence intensity/mg protein), indicating that nanoparticles would cause oxidative stress to earthworms. Earthworm coelomocytes were extracted from healthy earthworms and cultivated in culture media in cytotoxicity tests. Changes of intracellular ROS contents and cell viability suggested that PCNB and nanoparticles caused serious oxidative damage to earthworm coelomocytes, thus leading to the damage of cell membrane and cell death. In in vivo tests, changes of biomarkers (ROS and malondialdehyde) demonstrated that these pollutants injured the earthworms. Increased accumulation of PCNB in binary exposure treatments was due to the damage of body cavity caused by nanoparticles. This study provides a novel hypothesis for nanoparticles facilitating organic pollutants entering terrestrial organisms and determines whether nanoparticles would bring about greater environmental risks of other pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Guanghui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Na Guo
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Na Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Weihua Dong
- College of Geographical Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Liaoning Renqia Daofeng Testing Technology Co Ltd, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China.
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10
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Baccaro M, van den Berg JHJ, van den Brink NW. Are long-term exposure studies needed? Short-term toxicokinetic model predicts the uptake of metal nanoparticles in earthworms after nine months. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 220:112371. [PMID: 34052759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Uptake of most metal nanoparticles (NPs) in organisms is assumed to be mainly driven by the bioavailability of the released ions, as has been verified in controlled and short-term exposure tests. However, the changeability of NPs and the dynamic processes which NPs undergo in the soil environment, bring uncertainty regarding their interactions with soil organisms over a long period of time. To assess the potential impacts of long-term exposure scenarios on the toxicokinetic of metal NPs, earthworms Eisenia fetida were exposed to soils spiked with pristine Ag-NP, aged Ag-NP (Ag2S-NP) and ionic Ag for nine months, and results were compared to those from a similar short-term (28 days) experiment, conducted under similar conditions. Overall, there were no statistical differences between long-term accumulation patterns in earthworms exposed to pristine Ag-NP and AgNO3, while for Ag2S-NP, the amount of Ag internalized after 9 months was five times lower than for the other treatments. Average Ag concentrations in soil pore water in all treatments did not change over time, however the soil pH decreased and electrical conductivity increased in all treatments. Metallothionein concentrations in exposed earthworms were not statistically different from levels in untreated earthworms. Finally, the short-term toxicokinetic models predicted the bioaccumulation in earthworms exposed to Ag-NP, AgNO3 after nine months on the whole. Although the bioaccumulation for Ag2S-NPs was somewhat under-predicted, the rate of accumulation of Ag2S-NPs is much lower than that of Ag-NPs or AgNO3 and thus potentially of lower concern. Nevertheless, better understanding about the exposure kinetics of Ag2S-NP would help to address potential nano-specific toxicokinetic and toxicodynamics, also of other sulfidized metal NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Baccaro
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Johannes H J van den Berg
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nico W van den Brink
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Tourinho PS, Loureiro S, Talluri VSSLP, Dolar A, Verweij R, Chvojka J, Michalcová A, Kočí V, van Gestel CAM. Microplastic fibers influence Ag toxicity and bioaccumulation in Eisenia andrei but not in Enchytraeus crypticus. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:1216-1226. [PMID: 34046816 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02424-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic fibers (MF) are released from synthetic textiles during washing and end up in the wastewater. Similarly, silver nanoparticles (AgNP), incorporated in textiles as antimicrobial agents, are released in washing machines, also reaching the wastewater treatment plants. Therefore, both MF and AgNP co-exist in the environment and enter the soil compartment mainly via the application of biosolids. Yet, the combined effect of MF and AgNP has not been studied. Here, we assessed the effects of polyester MF on the toxicity of AgNP and AgNO3 to the earthworm Eisenia andrei and the enchytraeid Enchytraeus crypticus. The organisms were exposed to a range of concentration of AgNP (32, 100, 320, 1000, 3200 mg Ag/kg) and AgNO3 (12.8, 32, 80, 200, 500 mg Ag/kg) in LUFA 2.2 soil in the absence or presence of MF (0.01% DW). Reproduction tests were conducted and the toxicity outcomes compared between soils with and without MF. The exposure to MF caused a decrease in the number of juveniles and changed the biochemical composition of earthworms. Moreover, the presence of MF increased the toxicity of AgNP to earthworm reproduction (EC50 = 165 mg Ag/kg) when compared to AgNP exposure alone (EC50 = 450 mg Ag/kg), but did not alter the toxicity of AgNO3 (EC50 = 40 mg Ag/kg). For enchytraeids, no significant difference in Ag toxicity could be detected when MF was added to the soil for both AgNP and AgNO3. Overall, Ag bioaccumulation was not affected by MF, except for a decrease in earthworm body concentration at the highest Ag soil concentration (3200 mg Ag/kg). Our results suggest that the presence of MF in the soil compartment may be a cause of concern, and that the joint exposure to Ag may be deleterious depending on the Ag form, organism, and endpoint. The present work provides the first evidence that a realistic MF concentration in soil lowers AgNP concentration necessary to provoke reproductive impairment in earthworms. The influence of MF on the risk assessment of AgNP should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula S Tourinho
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Susana Loureiro
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - V S S L Prasad Talluri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andraž Dolar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rudo Verweij
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jiří Chvojka
- Faculty of Textile Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Michalcová
- Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kočí
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Courtois P, Rorat A, Lemiere S, Guyoneaud R, Attard E, Longepierre M, Rigal F, Levard C, Chaurand P, Grosser A, Grobelak A, Kacprzak M, Lors C, Richaume A, Vandenbulcke F. Medium-term effects of Ag supplied directly or via sewage sludge to an agricultural soil on Eisenia fetida earthworm and soil microbial communities. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:128761. [PMID: 33168285 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in consumer products that release Ag throughout their life cycle has raised potential environmental concerns. AgNPs primarily accumulate in soil through the spreading of sewage sludge (SS). In this study, the effects of direct exposure to AgNPs or indirect exposure via SS contaminated with AgNPs on the earthworm Eisenia fetida and soil microbial communities were compared, through 3 scenarios offering increasing exposure concentrations. The effects of Ag speciation were analyzed by spiking SS with AgNPs or AgNO3 before application to soil. SS treatment strongly impacted Ag speciation due to the formation of Ag2S species that remained sulfided after mixing in the soil. The life traits and expression of lysenin, superoxide dismutase, cd-metallothionein genes in earthworms were not impacted by Ag after 5 weeks of exposure, but direct exposure to Ag without SS led to bioaccumulation of Ag, suggesting transfer in the food chain. Ag exposure led to a decrease in potential carbon respiration only when directly added to the soil. The addition of SS had a greater effect on soil microbial diversity than the form of Ag, and the formation of Ag sulfides in SS reduced the impact of AgNPs on E. fetida and soil microorganisms compared with direct addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Courtois
- Univ. Lille, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Artois, Yncrea Hauts-de-France, ULR4515 - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Agnieszka Rorat
- Univ. Lille, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Artois, Yncrea Hauts-de-France, ULR4515 - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Lemiere
- Univ. Lille, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Artois, Yncrea Hauts-de-France, ULR4515 - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Rémy Guyoneaud
- Université de Pau et des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, UMR IPREM 5254, Environmental Microbiology, 64000, Pau, France
| | - Eléonore Attard
- Université de Pau et des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, UMR IPREM 5254, Environmental Microbiology, 64000, Pau, France
| | - Manon Longepierre
- Université de Pau et des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, UMR IPREM 5254, Environmental Microbiology, 64000, Pau, France
| | - François Rigal
- Azorean Biodiversity Group, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C), Departamento de Ciencias Agráriase Engenharia Do Ambiente, Universidade Dos Açores, PT-9700-042, Angra Do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal
| | - Clément Levard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Perrine Chaurand
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Anna Grosser
- Częstochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Anna Grobelak
- Częstochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kacprzak
- Częstochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Christine Lors
- Univ. Lille, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Artois, Yncrea Hauts-de-France, ULR4515 - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Agnès Richaume
- LEM, Laboratoire D'Ecologie Microbienne, UMR 5557, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Franck Vandenbulcke
- Univ. Lille, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Artois, Yncrea Hauts-de-France, ULR4515 - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
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13
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Courtois P, Rorat A, Lemiere S, Levard C, Chaurand P, Grobelak A, Lors C, Vandenbulcke F. Accumulation, speciation and localization of silver nanoparticles in the earthworm Eisenia fetida. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:3756-3765. [PMID: 32270459 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08548-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in agriculture and many consumer products has led to a significant release of Ag in the environment. Although Ag toxicity in terrestrial organisms has been studied extensively, very little is known about the accumulation capacity and coping mechanisms of organisms in Ag-contaminated soil. In this context, we exposed Eisenia fetida earthworms to artificial OECD soil spiked with a range of concentrations of Ag (AgNPs or AgNO3). The main aims were to (1) identify the location and form of accumulation of Ag in the exposed earthworms and (2) better understand the physiological mechanisms involved in Ag detoxification. The results showed that similar doses of AgNPs or AgNO3 did not have the same effect on E. fetida survival. The two forms of Ag added to soil exhibited substantial differences in speciation at the end of exposure, but the Ag speciation and content of Ag in earthworms were similar, suggesting that biotransformation of Ag occurred. Finally, 3D images of intact earthworms obtained by X-ray micro-computed tomography revealed that Ag accumulated preferentially in the chloragogen tissue, coelomocytes, and nephridial epithelium. Thus, E. fetida bioaccumulates Ag, but a regulation mechanism limits its impact in a very efficient manner. The location of Ag in the organism, the competition between Ag and Cu, and the speciation of internal Ag suggest a link between Ag and the thiol-rich proteins that are widely present in these tissues, most probably metallothioneins, which are key proteins in the sequestration and detoxification of metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Courtois
- Univ. Lille, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Artois, Yncrea Hauts-de-France, ULR 4515, - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Agnieszka Rorat
- Univ. Lille, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Artois, Yncrea Hauts-de-France, ULR 4515, - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Lemiere
- Univ. Lille, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Artois, Yncrea Hauts-de-France, ULR 4515, - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Clément Levard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Perrine Chaurand
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Anna Grobelak
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Christine Lors
- Univ. Lille, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Artois, Yncrea Hauts-de-France, ULR 4515, - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Franck Vandenbulcke
- Univ. Lille, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Artois, Yncrea Hauts-de-France, ULR 4515, - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France.
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14
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Xu K, Liu YX, Wang XF, Li SW, Cheng JM. Combined toxicity of functionalized nano-carbon black and cadmium on Eisenia fetida coelomocytes: The role of adsorption. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 398:122815. [PMID: 32768857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the potential threats of functionalized nano-carbon black (FNCB) combined with cadmium (Cd) to soil invertebrates. In this study, immunocompetent coelomocytes from Eisenia fetida are harnessed, and the joint cytotoxicity types of FNCB and Cd co-exposure are analyzed. The extracellular interaction mechanisms of FNCB and Cd were completely explored using adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics accompanied by isotherm batch experiments and Fourier infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that functional amorphous carbon nanoparticles up to certain dose may injure cells due to their surface oxygen-containing groups. The MIXTOX model and the combination index suggested that the combined action of FNCB and Cd exhibited antagonism at the low dose/effect-level and synergism at the high dose/effect-level. FNCB decreased the intracellular free Cd2+ content at a low mixture dose, while it increased it at a high mixture dose. The adsorption of Cd on FNCB followed pseudo-second-kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm, hence better indicating a chemisorption, which was also supported by the activation energy (Ea = 36.6 kJ/mol), enthalpy change (ΔH = -98.4 kJ/mol), and functional group changes. Coordination binding should be responsible for the subsequent interaction of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xu
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014 Shandong, China
| | - Ya-Xin Liu
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014 Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014 Shandong, China
| | - Shou-Wang Li
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014 Shandong, China
| | - Jie-Min Cheng
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014 Shandong, China.
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15
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Sun M, Chao H, Zheng X, Deng S, Ye M, Hu F. Ecological role of earthworm intestinal bacteria in terrestrial environments: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 740:140008. [PMID: 32562986 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrated the critical role the earthworm gut played in sustaining earthworm's metabolism and transformation of nutrients and pollutants in the environment. Being rich in nutrients, the earthworm gut is favorable for the colonization of (facultative) anaerobic bacteria, which bridge the host earthworm gut with adjacent terrestrial environment. Therefore, the status quo of earthworm gut research was primarily reviewed in this work. It was found that most studies focused on the bacterial composition and diversity of the earthworm gut, and their potential application in nutrient element and pollutant transformation, such as nitrification, methanogens, heavy metal detoxification, etc. Yet limited information was available about the specific mechanism of intestinal bacteria in nutrient and pollutant transformation. Therefore, in this work we highlighted the current problems and concluded the future prospect of worm's intestinal bacteria research. On one hand, high throughput sequencing and bioinformatics tools are critical to break the bottleneck in the intestinal bacteria research via clarifying the molecular mechanism involved in the transformation processes described above. In addition, a global dataset concerning worm gut bacteria will be needed to provide comprehensive information about intestinal bacteria pool, and act as a communication platform to further encourage the progress of worm gut research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Sun
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Huizhen Chao
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zheng
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaopo Deng
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Mao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Feng Hu
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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16
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Bodó K, Baranzini N, Girardello R, Kokhanyuk B, Németh P, Hayashi Y, Grimaldi A, Engelmann P. Nanomaterials and Annelid Immunity: A Comparative Survey to Reveal the Common Stress and Defense Responses of Two Sentinel Species to Nanomaterials in the Environment. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9100307. [PMID: 32977601 PMCID: PMC7598252 DOI: 10.3390/biology9100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Nanotechnology is a dynamically developing field producing large amounts of nanocompounds that are applied in industry, daily life, and health care. During production, use, and waste these materials could end up in water or soil. Large scale contaminations of our environment are a threat to public health. Pollution can have harmful effects on the immune system, as revealed by numerous studies in humans and other vertebrates. The relative simplicity of invertebrate immune functions offers potentially sensitive and accessible means of monitoring the effects and complex interactions of nanoparticles which ultimately affect host resistance. Among terrestrial and freshwater invertebrates, earthworms and leeches are the “keystone” species to evaluate the health of our ecosystems. In this review we compare the conserved stress and immune responses of these invertebrate model organisms toward nanoparticles. The obtained knowledge provides exciting insights into the conserved molecular and cellular mechanisms of nanomaterial-related toxicity in invertebrates and vertebrates. Understanding the unique characteristics of engineered nanoproducts and their interactions with biological systems in our environment is essential to the safe realization of these materials in novel biomedical applications. Abstract Earthworms and leeches are sentinel animals that represent the annelid phylum within terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, respectively. One early stress signal in these organisms is related to innate immunity, but how nanomaterials affect it is poorly characterized. In this survey, we compare the latest literature on earthworm and leeches with examples of their molecular/cellular responses to inorganic (silver nanoparticles) and organic (carbon nanotubes) nanomaterials. A special focus is placed on the role of annelid immunocytes in the evolutionarily conserved antioxidant and immune mechanisms and protein corona formation and probable endocytosis pathways involved in nanomaterial uptake. Our summary helps to realize why these environmental sentinels are beneficial to study the potential detrimental effects of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornélia Bodó
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u, 12, 7643 Pécs, Hungary; (K.B.); (B.K.); (P.N.)
| | - Nicoló Baranzini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; (N.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Rossana Girardello
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; (N.B.); (R.G.)
- Quantitative Biology Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Bohdana Kokhanyuk
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u, 12, 7643 Pécs, Hungary; (K.B.); (B.K.); (P.N.)
| | - Péter Németh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u, 12, 7643 Pécs, Hungary; (K.B.); (B.K.); (P.N.)
| | - Yuya Hayashi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
| | - Annalisa Grimaldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; (N.B.); (R.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (P.E.); Tel.: +39-0332-421-325 (A.G.); +36-72-536-288 (P.E.); Fax: +39-0332-421-326 (A.G.); +36-72-536-289 (P.E.)
| | - Péter Engelmann
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u, 12, 7643 Pécs, Hungary; (K.B.); (B.K.); (P.N.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (P.E.); Tel.: +39-0332-421-325 (A.G.); +36-72-536-288 (P.E.); Fax: +39-0332-421-326 (A.G.); +36-72-536-289 (P.E.)
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17
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Li M, Xu G, Yang X, Zeng Y, Yu Y. Metal oxide nanoparticles facilitate the accumulation of bifenthrin in earthworms by causing damage to body cavity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114629. [PMID: 33618460 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we explored the influence of two metal oxide nanoparticles, nano CuO and nano ZnO (10, 50, 250 mg/kg), on accumulation of bifenthrin (100 μg/kg) in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) and its mechanism. The concentrations of bifenthrin in earthworms from binary exposure groups (bifenthrin + CuO and bifenthrin + ZnO) reached up to 23.2 and 28.9 μg/g, which were 2.65 and 3.32 times of that in bifenthrin exposure group without nanoparticles, respectively, indicating that nanoparticles facilitated the uptake of bifenthrin in earthworms. The contents of biomarkers (ROS, SOD, and MDA) in earthworms indicated that nanoparticles and bifenthrin caused damage to earthworms. Ex vivo test was utilized to investigate the toxic effects of the pollutants to cell membrane of earthworm coelomocytes and mechanism of increased bifenthrin accumulation. In ex vivo test, cell viability in binary exposure groups declined up to 30% and 21% compared to the control group after 24 h incubation, suggesting that coelomocyte membrane was injured by the pollutants. We conclude that nanoparticles damage the body cavity of earthworms, and thus lead to more accumulation of bifenthrin in earthworms. Our findings provide insights into the interactive accumulation and toxicity of nanoparticles and pesticides to soil organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guanghui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiutao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China.
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18
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Hlavkova D, Beklova M, Kopel P, Havelkova B. Effects of Silver Nanoparticles and Ions Exposure on the Soil Invertebrates Folsomia candida and Enchytraeus crypticus. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 105:244-249. [PMID: 32556691 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02909-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs1 = 2.7 d·nm, AgNPs2 = 6.5 d·nm) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) on Enchytraeus crypticus and Folsomia candida using toxicity tests (OECD Guideline 220, 232). A 28-day chronic toxicity study was performed to evaluate the reproduction and mortality rate. E. crypticus reproduction was more sensitive to AgNO3 with a 28dEC50 of 86.40 (62.52-119.4) mg·kg-1 dry weight (d.w.) compared to AgNPs1 (28dEC50 = 119.3 (60.4-235.6) mg·kg-1 d.w). Similarly, the reproduction of F. candida was inhibited the most by AgNO3 with a 28dEC50 of 126.2 (104.2-152.9) mg·kg-1 d.w. followed by AgNPs1 (28dEC50 = 158.7 (64.05-393.2) mg·kg-1 d.w.) and AgNPs2 (28dEC50 = 206.4 (181.9-234.1) mg·kg-1 d.w.). No mortalities were observed for tested soil invertebrates exposed to AgNPs at concentrations up to 166 mg·kg-1 d.w. of AgNPs1 and 300 mg·kg-1 d.w. of AgNPs2, respectively. It was found that silver ions are more toxic in comparison with AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Hlavkova
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Zooanimals, Game, Fish and Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslava Beklova
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Zooanimals, Game, Fish and Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kopel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Havelkova
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Zooanimals, Game, Fish and Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
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Swart E, Dvorak J, Hernádi S, Goodall T, Kille P, Spurgeon D, Svendsen C, Prochazkova P. The Effects of In Vivo Exposure to Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on the Gut Microbiome, Host Immunity, and Susceptibility to a Bacterial Infection in Earthworms. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1337. [PMID: 32659907 PMCID: PMC7408611 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) can interact with the innate immunity of organisms. It remains, however, unclear whether these interactions can compromise the immune functioning of the host when faced with a disease threat. Co-exposure with pathogens is thus a powerful approach to assess the immuno-safety of NMs. In this paper, we studied the impacts of in vivo exposure to a biocidal NM on the gut microbiome, host immune responses, and susceptibility of the host to a bacterial challenge in an earthworm. Eisenia fetida were exposed to CuO-nanoparticles in soil for 28 days, after which the earthworms were challenged with the soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Immune responses were monitored by measuring mRNA levels of known earthworm immune genes. Effects of treatments on the gut microbiome were also assessed to link microbiome changes to immune responses. Treatments caused a shift in the earthworm gut microbiome. Despite these effects, no impacts of treatment on the expression of earthworm immune markers were recorded. The methodological approach applied in this paper provides a useful framework for improved assessment of immuno-safety of NMs. In addition, we highlight the need to investigate time as a factor in earthworm immune responses to NM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmer Swart
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK; (T.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Jiri Dvorak
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (J.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Szabolcs Hernádi
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (S.H.); (P.K.)
| | - Tim Goodall
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK; (T.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Peter Kille
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (S.H.); (P.K.)
| | - David Spurgeon
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK; (T.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Claus Svendsen
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK; (T.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Petra Prochazkova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (J.D.); (P.P.)
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Urionabarrenetxea E, Garcia-Velasco N, Marigómez I, Soto M. Effects of elevated temperatures and cadmium exposure on stress biomarkers at different biological complexity levels in Eisenia fetida earthworms. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 231:108735. [PMID: 32142922 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Several ecotoxicological studies assessed metal toxicity upon soil biota and other communities but were mainly focused on the study of a single chemical and usually under optimal conditions of temperature. Meanwhile an increasing global warming is leading to new scenarios by combining different stress factors; chemical stress and thermal stress. Presently, this study aims to assess the joint effects produced by cadmium and elevated temperature on earthworms different levels of biological complexity. Eisenia fetida earthworms were maintained at 19 °C and 26 °C and simultaneously exposed to four Cd concentrations (1.25, 2.5, 25 and 125 mg Cd/Kg soil) for 14 (Short term exposure) and 56 days (reproduction test). Endpoints were addressed at different levels of biological complexity: reproductive impairment (cocoons and juvenile productions), Cd tissue accumulation, mortality of adults, weight loss and cytotoxic effects (coelomocyte viability). In the Short term exposure, increase in temperature produced a larger accumulation of Cd. Hence, earthworms exposed to 125 mg Cd/kg soil under heat stress (26 °C) showed a two fold higher Cd accumulation comparing to those at 19 °C. Earthworms exposed to moderate-high concentrations of Cd (2.5-125 mg Cd/kg) and maintained at 26 °C showed severe weight loss and high mortality rates. The neutral red uptake capacity of coelomocytes extruded from earthworms exposed to the highest Cd concentration decreased after 14 d at 19 °C, and more markedly at 26 °C. The reproduction impairment (decreased number of cocoons) was enhanced after exposure to concentrations higher than 2.5 mg Cd/kg at 26 °C, and after exposure to 125 mg Cd/kg at 19 °C. Earthworm reproduction capability is highly vulnerable to the effect of toxicants at elevated temperatures and sublethal concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Urionabarrenetxea
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nerea Garcia-Velasco
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Ionan Marigómez
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Manu Soto
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.
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Garcia-Velasco N, Irizar A, Urionabarrenetxea E, Scott-Fordsmand JJ, Soto M. Selection of an optimal culture medium and the most responsive viability assay to assess AgNPs toxicity with primary cultures of Eisenia fetida coelomocytes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109545. [PMID: 31446174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Earthworm immune cells (coelomocytes) have become a target system in ecotoxicology due to their sensitivity against a wide range of pollutants, including silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Presently, in vitro approaches (viability assays in microplate, flow cytometry, cell sorting) with primary cultures of Eisenia fetida coelomocytes have been successfully used to test the toxicity and the dissimilar response of cell subpopulations (amoebocytes and eleocytes) after PVP-PEI coated AgNPs and AgNO3 exposures. In order to obtain reliable data and to accurately assess toxicity with coelomocytes, first an optimal culture medium and the most responsive assay were determined. AgNPs posed a gradual decrease in coelomocytes viability, establishing the LC50 value in RPMI-1640 medium at 6 mg/l and discarding that the observed cytotoxicity was attributable to its coating agent PVP-PEI. Exposure to AgNPs caused selective cytotoxicity in amoebocytes, which correlated with the Ag concentrations measured in sorted amoebocytes and reinforced the idea of dissimilar sensitivities among amoebocytes and eleocytes. Silver nano and ionic forms exerted similar toxicity in coelomocytes. The in vitro approaches with coelomocytes of E. fetida performed in this study have the capacity to predict impairments caused by pollutants at longer exposure levels and thus, provide rapid and valuable information for eco(nano)toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Garcia-Velasco
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - A Irizar
- Department of Bioscience - Soil Fauna Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Vejlsøvej 25. Building M3.14, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - E Urionabarrenetxea
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - J J Scott-Fordsmand
- Department of Bioscience - Soil Fauna Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Vejlsøvej 25. Building M3.14, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - M Soto
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
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Li M, Yang Y, Xie J, Xu G, Yu Y. In-vivo and in-vitro tests to assess toxic mechanisms of nano ZnO to earthworms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 687:71-76. [PMID: 31203009 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Increasing applications of engineered nanomaterials lead to the release of nanoparticles into various environmental media, especially soil. However, the environmental behavior of nano ZnO in soil and the toxic mechanism to terrestrial invertebrates were not fully understood. In this study, the concentrations of nano ZnO in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were measured to assess its bioaccumulation. The ratio of nano ZnO in earthworms to soil in 250 mg/kg treatment group was lower than that in 10 mg/kg treatment group as the earthworms would not take up too much nano ZnO to protect themselves from the damage. Combination of in-vivo and in-vitro tests was adapted to investigate the toxic mechanism of nano ZnO to earthworms. In in-vivo test, biomarkers including ROS, SOD, and MDA suggested that the toxic effects of nano ZnO to earthworms were caused by the oxidative stress. To further elucidate its toxic mechanism, in-vitro toxicity test was carried out by employing earthworm coelomocytes. The biomarkers, intracellular ROS, extracellular LDH, and cell viability showed concentration-dependent manner with nano ZnO in the culture media, demonstrating that in-vitro toxicity test could be utilized to reveal the toxic mechanism of nano ZnO to earthworms or other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Architectural Engineering, East University of Heilongjiang, Harbin 150066, China
| | - Jiawei Xie
- School of Food and Environmental Engineering, East University of Heilongjiang, Harbin 150066, China
| | - Guanghui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
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Courtois P, Rorat A, Lemiere S, Guyoneaud R, Attard E, Levard C, Vandenbulcke F. Ecotoxicology of silver nanoparticles and their derivatives introduced in soil with or without sewage sludge: A review of effects on microorganisms, plants and animals. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 253:578-598. [PMID: 31330350 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely incorporated in many products, partly due to their antimicrobial properties. The subsequent discharge of this form of silver into wastewater leads to an accumulation of silver species (AgNPs and derivatives resulting from their chemical transformation), in sewage sludge. As a result of the land application of sewage sludge for agricultural or remediation purposes, soils are the primary receiver media of silver contamination. Research on the long-term impact of AgNPs on the environment is ongoing, and this paper is the first review that summarizes the existing state of scientific knowledge on the potential impact of silver species introduced into the soil via sewage sludge, from microorganisms to earthworms and plants. Silver species can easily enter cells through biological membranes and affect the physiology of organisms, resulting in toxic effects. In soils, exposure to AgNPs may change microbial biomass and diversity, decrease plant growth and inhibit soil invertebrate reproduction. Physiological, biochemical and molecular effects have been documented in various soil organisms and microorganisms. Negative effects on organisms of the dominant form of silver in sewage sludge, silver sulfide (Ag2S), have been observed, although these effects are attenuated compared to the effects of metallic AgNPs. However, silver toxicity is complex to evaluate and much remains unknown about the ecotoxicology of silver species in soils, especially with respect to the possibility of transfer along the trophic chain via accumulation in plant and animal tissues. Critical points related to the hazards associated with the presence of silver species in the environment are described, and important issues concerning the ecotoxicity of sewage sludge applied to soil are discussed to highlight gaps in existing scientific knowledge and essential research directions for improving risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Courtois
- Univ. Lille - LGCgE - Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, Cité scientifique, SN3, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Agnieszka Rorat
- Univ. Lille - LGCgE - Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, Cité scientifique, SN3, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Sébastien Lemiere
- Univ. Lille - LGCgE - Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, Cité scientifique, SN3, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Rémy Guyoneaud
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S/CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour L'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, 64000, Pau, France
| | - Eléonore Attard
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S/CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour L'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, 64000, Pau, France
| | - Clément Levard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Franck Vandenbulcke
- Univ. Lille - LGCgE - Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, Cité scientifique, SN3, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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Li M, Wang S, Lang Z, Xu G, Yu Y. Combination of chemical and toxicological methods to assess bioavailability of Tolclofos-methyl by earthworms. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 233:183-189. [PMID: 31173956 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tolclofos-methyl (TM) is an organophosphorus fungicide and widely utilized to control soil-borne diseases. However, toxic effects of TM on terrestrial invertebrates are still unknown. Here we measured the bioaccumulation of TM in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) to assess its environmental bioavailability. Mortality, weight change, and oxidative damage of earthworms were determined to investigate the toxicological bioavailability of TM. ROS, SOD and MDA in highest concentration treatment group significantly increased compared to the control group, suggesting that hazardous effects of TM to earthworms were caused by the oxidative stress. To further examine its toxicological bioavailability, cytotoxicity test was carried out by using extracted earthworm coelomocytes. The biomarkers, e.g., intracellular ROS, extracellular LDH, and cell viability showed correlation with TM in the culture media, demonstrating that cytotoxicity test could be employed to reflect the toxicological bioavailability of pollutants to earthworms or other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Food and Environmental Engineering, East University of Heilongjiang, Harbin, 150066, China
| | - Ze Lang
- School of Food and Environmental Engineering, East University of Heilongjiang, Harbin, 150066, China
| | - Guanghui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China.
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McKee MS, Köser J, Focke O, Filser J. A new test system for unraveling the effects of soil components on the uptake and toxicity of silver nanoparticles (NM-300K) in simulated pore water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 673:613-621. [PMID: 30999102 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fate, bioavailability and toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are largely affected by soil properties. Here we focused on how these processes are connected in simulated soil pore water. OECD soil components (sand, kaolin clay, peat) were covered with NM-300K-, AgNO3- and NM-300K dispersant-contaminated water, and Folsomia candida were exposed on the water surface. After 14 days the majority of AgNP was in nano form in sand pore water where also silver uptake was highest. Multilayered cross sections from X-ray micrographs of Collembola exposed to AgNP showed that silver was located in animal areas of direct contact to the contaminated pore water and was ingested. In contrast, in simulated peat pore water only a small fraction of silver was bioavailable. AgNO3 was only bioavailable at the start of the test and not anymore at test end. AgNP and AgNO3 caused immobilization in sand and kaolin pore water while no toxicity was found with peat and OECD soil. A strong correlation (correlation coefficient = 0.901) existed between the concentration of nano silver and immobilization; for ionic silver this was not the case. The dispersant of AgNP was toxic on its own in sand and kaolin pore water. As there are analytical limitations of quantifying AgNP in complex matrices this test system enables a mechanistic view of exposure and uptake of AgNP (and other substances) by F. candida from soil pore water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira S McKee
- University of Bremen, FB02, UFT, General and Theoretical Ecology, Leobener Str. 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Jan Köser
- University of Bremen, FB04, UFT, Sustainable Chemistry, Leobener Str. 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Oliver Focke
- Hybrid Materials Interfaces Group, Faculty of Production Engineering, MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Juliane Filser
- University of Bremen, FB02, UFT, General and Theoretical Ecology, Leobener Str. 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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Xu K, Liu YX, Wang XF, Cheng JM. Effect of Nano-Carbon Black Surface Modification on Toxicity to Earthworm (Eisenia fetida) Using Filter Paper Contact and Avoidance Test. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 103:206-211. [PMID: 30903262 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02572-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (NMs) may enter the soil through various channels and pose potential harm to soil animals, especially those proactively applied for soil heavy metal remediation. Effects of nano-carbon black (CB) and surface modified carbon black (MCB) on catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in earthworms exposed on filter paper for 48 h were tested. Avoidance test was used to determine hazard of soil treated with 0.015% and 1.5% CB and MCB. Surface properties of NMs were also characterized. MCB has a significant effect on CAT activity at 70 and 1000 mg/L (1.1 and 15.7 µg/cm2), but has no impact on MDA content in earthworm. Strongly avoidance behavior of worms was also found in soil added 1.5% MCB. Negative charges and oxygen functional groups increased for MCB and its adverse effect on earthworm was higher than CB. The application of MCB in soil remediation warrants more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xu
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, Shandong, China
| | - Ya-Xin Liu
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, Shandong, China
| | - Jie-Min Cheng
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, Shandong, China.
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Li M, Xu G, Yu R, Wang Y, Yu Y. Bioaccumulation and toxicity of pentachloronitrobenzene to earthworm (Eisenia fetida). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:429-434. [PMID: 30852307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) has been widely utilized as a fungicide to control diseases. However, toxic effect data of PCNB on terrestrial invertebrate are not available till now. Herein, the earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were exposed to soil containing different levels of PCNB. Mortality, weight, accumulation, and physiological indexes of earthworms were determined on certain days. PCNB inhibited the growth of earthworms and induced a significant increase in the activity of antioxidative enzymes. ROS, SOD, and MDA of earthworms in the highest treatment group were 6.8, 4.4, and 3.8 times higher than those in the control group, respectively. In addition, earthworm coelomocytes were successfully extracted, cultured, and innovatively employed in in-vitro toxicity test to evaluate the toxic effect of PCNB. The biomarkers utilized in in-vitro toxicity test, including cell viability, intracellular ROS and extracellular LDH showed significant correlations with the PCNB in the culture media, indicating that the in-vitro toxicity test may serve as a useful tool for toxic assessment of pollutants to earthworms and other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guanghui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
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Galazzi RM, Arruda MAZ. Evaluation of changes in the macro and micronutrients homeostasis of transgenic and non-transgenic soybean plants after cultivation with silver nanoparticles through ionomic approaches. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 48:181-187. [PMID: 29773178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An ionomic approach is conducted for evaluating the silver distribution, in different soybean plant compartments, as well as its influence on the homeostasis of some macro (P and S) and micro (Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) nutrients. Silver is added to transgenic and non-transgenic soybean plants as nanoparticles or silver nitrate for comparative purposes. The transgenic plants translocate a higher amount of silver (100 and 65% for silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate expositions, respectively) than non-transgenic, and considering the treatments, the cultivation with silver nanoparticles results in a higher translocation rate (100 and 21% for transgenic and non-transgenic plants, respectively). In addition, significant differences are found (p < 0.05) considering those macro and micronutrients in all plant compartments, mainly in the roots of those treated plants, indicating not only that both silver forms evaluated interfere in the plant metabolism, but also their toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Moretto Galazzi
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Zezzi Arruda
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil.
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29
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Bundschuh M, Filser J, Lüderwald S, McKee MS, Metreveli G, Schaumann GE, Schulz R, Wagner S. Nanoparticles in the environment: where do we come from, where do we go to? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2018; 30:6. [PMID: 29456907 PMCID: PMC5803285 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-018-0132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles serve various industrial and domestic purposes which is reflected in their steadily increasing production volume. This economic success comes along with their presence in the environment and the risk of potentially adverse effects in natural systems. Over the last decade, substantial progress regarding the understanding of sources, fate, and effects of nanoparticles has been made. Predictions of environmental concentrations based on modelling approaches could recently be confirmed by measured concentrations in the field. Nonetheless, analytical techniques are, as covered elsewhere, still under development to more efficiently and reliably characterize and quantify nanoparticles, as well as to detect them in complex environmental matrixes. Simultaneously, the effects of nanoparticles on aquatic and terrestrial systems have received increasing attention. While the debate on the relevance of nanoparticle-released metal ions for their toxicity is still ongoing, it is a re-occurring phenomenon that inert nanoparticles are able to interact with biota through physical pathways such as biological surface coating. This among others interferes with the growth and behaviour of exposed organisms. Moreover, co-occurring contaminants interact with nanoparticles. There is multiple evidence suggesting nanoparticles as a sink for organic and inorganic co-contaminants. On the other hand, in the presence of nanoparticles, repeatedly an elevated effect on the test species induced by the co-contaminants has been reported. In this paper, we highlight recent achievements in the field of nano-ecotoxicology in both aquatic and terrestrial systems but also refer to substantial gaps that require further attention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Bundschuh
- Functional Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Juliane Filser
- FB 02, UFT Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Simon Lüderwald
- Ecotoxicology and Environment, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Moira S. McKee
- FB 02, UFT Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - George Metreveli
- Environmental and Soil Chemistry, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Gabriele E. Schaumann
- Environmental and Soil Chemistry, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Ralf Schulz
- Ecotoxicology and Environment, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Stephan Wagner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UfZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Garcia-Velasco N, Peña-Cearra A, Bilbao E, Zaldibar B, Soto M. Integrative assessment of the effects produced by Ag nanoparticles at different levels of biological complexity in Eisenia fetida maintained in two standard soils (OECD and LUFA 2.3). CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 181:747-758. [PMID: 28478235 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a potential risk to increase the release of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) into the environment: For instance. in soils receiving sludge models estimate 0.007 mg Ag NPs kg-1 that will annually increase due to sludge or sludge incineration residues land-disposal. Thus, the concern about the hazards of nanosilver to soils and soil invertebrates is growing. Studies performed up to now have been focused in traditional endpoints, used limit range concentrations and employed different soil types that differ in physico-chemical characteristics. Presently, effects of Ag NPs have been measured at different levels of biological complexity in Eisenia fetida, exposed for 3 and 14 d to high but sublethal (50 mg Ag NPs kg-1) and close to modeled environmental concentrations (0.05 mg Ag NPs kg-1). Since characteristics of the exposure matrix may limit the response of the organisms to these concentrations, experiments were carried out in OECD and LUFA soils, the most used standard soils. High concentrations of Ag NPs increased catalase activity and DNA damage in OECD soils after 14 d while in LUFA 2.3 soils produced earlier effects (weight loss, decrease in cell viability and increase in catalase activity at day 3). At day 14, LUFA 2.3 (low clay and organic matter-OM-) could have provoked starvation of earthworms, masking Ag NPs toxicity. The concentration close to modeled environmental concentrations produced effects uniquely in LUFA 2.3 soil. Accurate physico-chemical characteristics of the standard soils are crucial to assess the toxicity exerted by Ag NPs in E. fetida since low clay and OM contents can be considered toxicity enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Garcia-Velasco
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - A Peña-Cearra
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - E Bilbao
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - B Zaldibar
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - M Soto
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.
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