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Cui X, Yuan J, Yang X, Wei C, Bi Y, Sun Q, Meng J, Han X. Biochar application alters soil metabolites and nitrogen cycle-related microorganisms in a soybean continuous cropping system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170522. [PMID: 38309356 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Biochar application is a promising practice to enhance soil fertility. However, it is unclear how field-aged biochar affects the soil metabolites and microbial communities in soybean fields. Here, the rhizosphere soil performance after amending with biochar addition rates at 0 (CK), 20 (B20), 40 (B40), and 60 t ha-1 (B60) was examined via a five-year in-situ field experiment based on a soybean continuous cropping system. Untargeted metabolomics and metagenomics analysis techniques were applied to study the regulatory mechanism of biochar on soybean growth from metabolomics and N cycle microbiology perspectives. We found that the contents of soil total N (TN), available N (Ava N), NH4+-N, and NO3--N were significantly increased with biochar addition amounts by 20.0-65.7 %, 3.6-10.7 %, 29.5-57.1 %, and 24.4-46.7 %, respectively. The B20, B40, and B60 triggered 259 (236 were up-regulated and 23 were down-regulated), 236 (220 were up-regulated and 16 were down-regulated), and 299 (264 were up-regulated and 35 were down-regulated) differential metabolites, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and topology analysis demonstrated that differential metabolites were highly enriched in seven metabolic pathways such as Oxidative phosphorylation and Benzoxazinoid biosynthesis. Moreover, ten differential metabolites were up-regulated in all three treatments with biochar. Biochar treatments decreased the Nitrospira abundance in soybean rhizosphere soil while increasing Bradyrhizobium abundance significantly in B60. Mantel test revealed that as the biochar addition rate grows, the correlation between Nitrospira and soil properties other than NO3--N became stronger. In conclusion, the co-application of biochar with fertilizers is a feasible and effective way to improve soil N supply, even though biochar has undergone field aging. This work offers new insights into the variations in soil metabolites and microbial communities associated with N metabolism processes under biochar addition in soybean continuous cropping soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- Liaodong University, Dandong 118001, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Chaoqun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yinghui Bi
- Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jun Meng
- Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaori Han
- Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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Wu X, Yang F, Zhang J, Gao F, Hu YC, Yang K, Wang P. Biochar's role in improving pakchoi quality and microbial community structure in rhizosphere soil. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16733. [PMID: 38515457 PMCID: PMC10956520 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Biochar amendments enhance crop productivity and improve agricultural quality. To date, studies on the correlation between different amounts of biochar in pakchoi (Brassica campestris L.) quality and rhizosphere soil microorganisms are limited, especially in weakly alkaline soils. The experiment was set up to explore the effect of different concentrations of biochar on vegetable quality and the correlation between the index of quality and soil bacterial community structure changes. Methods The soil was treated in the following ways via pot culture: the blank control (CK) without biochar added and with biochar at different concentrations of 1% (T1), 3% (T2), 5% (T3), and 7% (T4). Here, we investigatedthe synergistic effect of biochar on the growth and quality of pakchoi, soil enzymatic activities, and soil nutrients. Microbial communities from pakchoi rhizosphere soil were analyzed by Illumina MiSeq. Results The results revealed that adding 3% biochar significantly increased plant height, root length, and dry weight of pakchoi and increased the contents of soluble sugars, soluble proteins, Vitamin C (VC), cellulose, and reduced nitrate content in pakchoi leaves. Meanwhile, soil enzyme activities and available nutrient content in rhizosphere soil increased. This study demonstrated that the the microbial community structure of bacteria in pakchoi rhizosphere soil was changed by applying more than 3% biochar. Among the relatively abundant dominant phyla, Gemmatimonadetes, Anaerolineae, Deltaproteobacteria and Verrucomicrobiae were reduced, and Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidia, and Acidimicrobiia relative abundance increased. Furthermore, adding 3% biochar reduced the relative abundance of Gemmatimonas and increased the relative abundances of Ilumatobacter, Luteolibacter, Lysobacter, Arthrobacter, and Mesorhizobium. The nitrate content was positively correlated with the abundance of Gemmatimonadetes, and the nitrate content was significantly negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Ilumatobacter. Carbohydrate transport and metabolism in the rhizosphere soil of pakchoi decreased, and lipid transport and metabolism increased after biochar application. Conclusion Overall, our results indicated that applying biochar improved soil physicochemical states and plant nutrient absorption, and affected the abundance of dominant bacterial groups (e.g., Gemmatimonadetes and Ilumatobacter), these were the main factors to increase pakchoi growth and promote quality of pakchoi. Therefore, considering the growth, quality of pakchoi, and soil environment, the effect of using 3% biochar is better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
- Post-doctoral Workstation of Agricultural Products Processing Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center (Daqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Aûairs, Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture Carbon in Northeastrn China, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fengjun Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jili Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yi Chen Hu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Kejun Yang
- Post-doctoral Workstation of Agricultural Products Processing Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center (Daqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Post-doctoral Workstation of Agricultural Products Processing Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center (Daqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
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Amalina F, Syukor Abd Razak A, Krishnan S, Sulaiman H, Zularisam A, Nasrullah M. Advanced techniques in the production of biochar from lignocellulosic biomass and environmental applications. CLEANER MATERIALS 2022; 6:100137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2022.100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Fatima B, Bibi F, Ishtiaq Ali M, Woods J, Ahmad M, Mubashir M, Shariq Khan M, Bokhari A, Khoo KS. Accompanying effects of sewage sludge and pine needle biochar with selected organic additives on the soil and plant variables. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 153:197-208. [PMID: 36108538 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of synthetic fertilizer and nutrient leaching are causing serious problems impacting soil function and its fertility. Mitigation of nutrient leaching and use of chemical fertilizer is crucial as fertile land adds up sustainability to climate changes. Biochar produced from agricultural bio-waste and municipal solid waste has been used for crop production and when applied in combination with organic nutrients may support mitigation of nutrient loss and adverse effects of chemical fertilizers. Different types of biochar and their application for soil enhancement have been observed, pine needle and sewage sludge derived low-temperature biochar along with compost, organic fertilizer in the form of manure and microalgal biomass may interact with soil chemistry and plant growth to impact nutrient loss and compensate the hazardous effect of chemical fertilizer, but it has not been investigated yet. This present study elaborates application of sewage sludge and pine needle biochar produced at 400 °C in an application rate of 5 % w/w and 10 t h-1 in combination with compost, manure and microalgal biomasses of Closteriopsis acicularis (BM1) and Tetradesmus nygaardi (BM2) on the growth of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) crop assessed in a pot experiment over a two crop (Chickpea - Fenugreek) cycle in Pakistan. Results depict that the pine needle biochar with additives has increased plant height by 104.1 ± 2.76 cm and fresh biomass by 49.9 ± 1.02 g, buffered the soil pH to 6.5 for optimum growth of crops and enhance carbon retention by 36 %. This study highlights the valorization of sewage sludge and pine needle into biochar and the effect of biochar augmentation, its impact on soil nutrients and plant biomass enhancement. The greener approach also mitigates and helps in the sustainable management of solid wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Fatima
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhana Bibi
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Jeremy Woods
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mubashir
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Engineering, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shariq Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah, Oman
| | - Awais Bokhari
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory, SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Punjab, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Biochar and Cropping Systems Changed Soil Copper Speciation and Accumulation in Sweet Corn and Soybean. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11182375. [PMID: 36145775 PMCID: PMC9506241 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to explore the effects of biochar and cropping systems on soil copper (Cu) speciation and copper accumulation in sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. Rugosa Bonaf.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), three ratios of biochar (C0, 0%, C1, 2%, C2, 5% by mass ratio, (w/w)) and three cropping systems (monocropped sweet corn, MC; monocropped soybean, MS; sweet corn–soybean intercropping, CS) were studied under three Cu levels (Cu0, 0 mg·kg−1, Cu1, 200 mg·kg−1, and Cu2, 400 mg·kg−1) in a pot experiment. The following results were obtained: (1) Compared with C0, adding biochar (C1, C2) could significantly reduce the Cu concentration in sweet corn, and C2 significantly reduced the Cu concentration in soybean under Cu1 and Cu2; the Cu concentrations in sweet corn and soybeans under Cu1 were lower than 10 mg·kg−1. (2) Compared with MC or MS, C2 significantly reduced the Cu concentration (below the detection limit) in sweet corn and the Cu concentration (1.65 mg·kg−1) in soybean straw in CS under Cu1. The Cu concentration in sweet corn ears and soybean straw in CS under Cu2 also decreased significantly, reaching 1.84 and 10.36 mg·kg−1, respectively. (3) Compared with C0, C2 significantly reduced the soil acid-soluble Cu concentration under Cu1 and Cu2, but significantly increased soil oxidated Cu concentration. (4) Compared with MC, the concentration of soil acid-soluble Cu was significantly decreased in CSC1 under Cu2. Under Cu1, the concentrations of reducible Cu were significantly increased in CSC1 and CSC2, and the oxidizable Cu concentration was increased in CSC2. In conclusion, sweet corn–soybean intercropping combined with biochar 5% (w/w) is beneficial to reducing the concentration of acid-soluble Cu, and increases the concentration of oxidizable Cu in copper-contaminated soil. Under Cu1 (200 mg·kg−1), the Cu concentrations in sweet corn and soybean were lower than 10 mg·kg−1, which meets the national food safety standard of China. Under Cu2 (400 mg·kg−1), the Cu concentration in sweet corn was lower than 10 mg·kg−1, but it was higher than 10 mg·kg−1 in soybean.
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Li Q, Fu Q, Li T, Liu D, Hou R, Li M, Gao Y. Biochar impacts on the soil environment of soybean root systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153421. [PMID: 35092766 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has been widely studied as a soil amendment, but little is known about the "biochar-freeze-thaw soil-crop root system" interface in seasonally frozen soil areas. In the second year after the application of biochar, we conducted research on the morphological characteristic indicators of the soybean root system and the nutrient migration of the soil in the root zone under different biochar application periods (spring and autumn mixed, autumn, and spring biochar application) and different biochar application rates (3 kg·m-2, 6 kg·m-2, 9 kg·m-2, and 12 kg·m-2). The effects of different biochar treatments on the growth and development of soybean roots were examined. The soil organic carbon, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents of the soil were measured at different locations in the root zone, and the migration processes of these nutrients in the soil were explored. The conclusions drawn from the experiments are as follows. (i) The biochar application rate and application method together determine the root morphological characteristic indicators of soybean plants. During long freeze-thaw periods, the freeze-thaw cycles change the internal environment of the biochar-freeze-thaw soil complex. (ii) Biochar tends to move towards the root system, which can increase soil organic carbon content, but the effect of biochar on root characteristics is not caused by the change in soil organic carbon content. (iii) Biochar promotes nitrogen cycling in the soil and the migration of soil nitrogen to the root sheath, increasing the number of nitrogen compounds that can be directly absorbed and utilized by crops. (iv) From a comparison of the effects of various biochar treatments on crop roots and farmland soils, we suggest that the 9 kg·m-2 biochar application rate under spring and autumn mixed biochar application is the optimal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030,China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030,China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
| | - Tianxiao Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030,China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030,China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Renjie Hou
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030,China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Mo Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030,China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Yu Gao
- College of water conservancy and electric power, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
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Ma H, Shurigin V, Jabborova D, dela Cruz JA, dela Cruz TE, Wirth S, Bellingrath-Kimura SD, Egamberdieva D. The Integrated Effect of Microbial Inoculants and Biochar Types on Soil Biological Properties, and Plant Growth of Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:423. [PMID: 35161404 PMCID: PMC8838139 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Numerous reports confirm the positive effect of biochar application on soil properties and plant development. However, the interaction between root-associated beneficial microbes and different types of biochar is not well understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the plant growth of lettuce after the application of three types of biochar in loamy, sandy soil individually and in combination with plant-beneficial microbes. Furthermore, total microbial activity in rhizosphere soil of lettuce was measured by means of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolase and enzyme activities linked to carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling. We used three types of biochar: (i) pyrolysis char from cherry wood (CWBC), (ii) pyrolysis char from wood (WBC), and (iii) pyrolysis char from maize (MBC) at 2% concentration. Our results showed that pyrolysis biochars positively affected plant interaction with microbial inoculants. Plant dry biomass grown on soil amended with MBC in combination with Klebsiella sp. BS13 and Klebsiella sp. BS13 + Talaromyces purpureogenus BS16aPP inoculants was significantly increased by 5.8% and 18%, respectively, compared to the control plants. Comprehensively, interaction analysis showed that the biochar effect on soil enzyme activities involved in N and P cycling depends on the type of microbial inoculant. Microbial strains exhibited plant growth-promoting traits, including the production of indole 3-acetic-acid and hydrogen cyanide and phosphate-solubilizing ability. The effect of microbial inoculant also depends on the biochar type. In summary, these findings provide new insights into the understanding of the interactions between biochar and microbial inoculants, which may affect lettuce growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Vyacheslav Shurigin
- Faculty of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan;
| | - Dilfuza Jabborova
- Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 111226, Uzbekistan;
| | - Jeane Aril dela Cruz
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines; (J.A.d.C.); (T.E.d.C.)
| | - Thomas Edison dela Cruz
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines; (J.A.d.C.); (T.E.d.C.)
- Fungal Biodiversity, Ecogenomics, and Systematics (FBeS) Group, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines
| | - Stephan Wirth
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, Germany; (S.W.); (S.D.B.-K.)
| | - Sonoko Dorothea Bellingrath-Kimura
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, Germany; (S.W.); (S.D.B.-K.)
- Faculty of Life Science, Humboldt University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dilfuza Egamberdieva
- Faculty of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan;
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, Germany; (S.W.); (S.D.B.-K.)
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Jiang S, Dai G, Zhou J, Zhong J, Liu J, Shu Y. An assessment of integrated amendments of biochar and soil replacement on the phytotoxicity of metal(loid)s in rotated radish-soya bean-amaranth in a mining acidy soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132082. [PMID: 34523456 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge is insufficient on feasible remediation techniques to agricultural soils contaminated by multiple heavy metal(loid)s with elevated concentrations and extreme acidy from acid mine drainages (AMD). We aimed to elucidate the effect of integrated biochar (BC) and soil replacement on improving the mining soil properties and then alleviating the phytotoxicity of As, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn on radish (Raphanus sativus L.)-soya bean (Glycine max Merr.) -amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) rotation and the potential risk of crops to human health. Biochar and soil replacement showed outstanding effects on improving soil properties by increasing soil pH values, reducing available metal(loid)s, and enhancing the activity of catalase, urease and acid phosphatase. Also, the integrated technique regulated the physiological disorders of crops caused by metal(loid)s, specifically increasing chlorophyll content and reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) in the three crops, and reducing the content of metal(loid)s in edible parts of plants. The combination of biochar and soil replacement exhibited better remediation effect than the single application of biochar or soil replacement, which played different roles in remediating mining farmland. Biochar exhibited efficacy in soil pH amelioration, metal stabilization and soil enzyme activity enhancement, while soil replacement alleviated metal(loid)s stress through the dilution effect. Among the 8 treatments, only biochar combined with 35% (S35BC) and 50% (S50BC) of replaced soil could achieve the safe production of the three crops under the three-season crop rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Jiang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guangling Dai
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Administrative Bureau of Hunan East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve, Yueyang, 414000, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Junguang Liu
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuehong Shu
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Chen Y, Zhang X, Liu W. Effect of metal and metal oxide engineered nano particles on nitrogen bio-conversion and its mechanism: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132097. [PMID: 34523458 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal and metal oxide engineered nano particles (MMO-ENPs) are widely applied in various industries due to their unique properties. Thus, many researches focused on the influence on nitrogen transformation processes by MMO-ENPs. This review focuses on the effect of MMO-ENPs on nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification and Anammox. Firstly, based on most of the researches, it can be concluded MMO-ENPs have negative effect on nitrogen fixation, nitrification and denitrification while the MMO-ENPs have no promotion effect on Anammox. Then, the influence factors are discussed in detail, including MMO-ENPs dosage, MMO-ENPs kind and exposure time. Both the microbial morphology and population structure were altered by MMO-ENPs. Also, the mechanisms of MMO-ENPs affecting the nitrogen transformation are reviewed. The inhibition of key enzymes and functional genes, the promotion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, MMO-ENPs themselves and the suppression of electron transfer all contribute to the negative effect. Finally, the key points for future investigation are proposed that more attention should be attached to the effect on Anammox and the further mechanism in the future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinguang Chen
- Coll Resource & Environm Sci, Xinjiang Univ, 666 Shengli Rd, Urumqi, PR China; Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Tongji Univ, 1239 Siping Rd, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Tongji Univ, 1239 Siping Rd, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Coll Resource & Environm Sci, Xinjiang Univ, 666 Shengli Rd, Urumqi, PR China
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Cui L, Ippolito JA, Noerpel M, Scheckel KG, Yan J. Nutrient alterations following biochar application to a Cd-contaminated solution and soil. BIOCHAR 2021; 3:457-468. [PMID: 35059562 PMCID: PMC8764999 DOI: 10.1007/s42773-021-00106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochars, when applied to contaminated solutions or soils, may sequester potentially toxic elements while releasing necessary plant nutrients. This purpose of this study focused on quantifying both phenomenon following wheat straw (Triticum aestivum L.) biochar application (0, 5, and 15% by wt) to a Cd containing solution and a Cd-contaminated paddy soil using 240-day laboratory batch experiments. Following both experiments, solid phases were analyzed for elemental associations using a combination of wet chemical sequential extractions and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). When wheat straw biochar was applied at 15% to Cd containing solutions, Cd and Zn concentrations decreased to below detection in some instances, Ca and Mg concentrations increased by up to 290%, and solution pH increased as compared to the 5% biochar application rate. Similar responses were observed when biochar was added to the Cd-contaminated paddy soil, suggesting that this particular biochar has the ability to sequester potentially toxic elements while releasing necessary plant nutrients to the soil solution. When significant, positive correlations existed between nutrient release over time, while negative correlations were present between biochar application rate, potentially toxic element sorption and pH. The latter suggests that potentially toxic elements were sorbed by a combination of organic functional groups or mineral precipitation based on whether pH was above or below ~ 7. In support of this contention, the wet chemical sequential extraction procedure in conjunction with previously observed Cd or current Zn XAS showed that biochar application promoted the formation of layered double hydroxides, sorption to (oxy)hydroxides, and organically bound to biochar as Zn species. As a multifunctional material, biochar appears to play an important role in sequestering Cd while releasing essential plant nutrients. These findings suggest that biochar may be a 'win-win' for improving environmental quality in potentially toxic element contaminated agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, No. 211 Jianjun Road, Yancheng 224003, China
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA
| | - James A. Ippolito
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA
| | - Matt Noerpel
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Land Remediation and Technology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45224-1701, USA
| | - Kirk G. Scheckel
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Land Remediation and Technology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45224-1701, USA
| | - Jinlong Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, No. 211 Jianjun Road, Yancheng 224003, China
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Hannan F, Huang Q, Farooq MA, Ayyaz A, Ma J, Zhang N, Ali B, Deyett E, Zhou W, Islam F. Organic and inorganic amendments for the remediation of nickel contaminated soil and its improvement on Brassica napus growth and oxidative defense. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125921. [PMID: 34492853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In-situ stabilization has been considered an effective way to remediate metal contaminated soil. Thus, pot experiments were undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of multiple stabilization agents such as biochar (BC), mussel shell (MS), zeolite (ZE) and limestone (LS) on the immobilization of Ni, physicochemical features and enzyme activities in polluted soil. Results showed that the sole application of Ni adversely affected the rapeseed growth, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidative defense. However, the addition of amendments to the contaminated soil significantly reduced Ni bioavailability. The XRD analysis confirmed the formation of Ni related ligands and FTIR showed the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and sulfur functional groups, as well as complexation and adsorption of Ni on amendments. Among multiple amendments, biochar significantly enhanced plant biomass attributes and total chlorophyll content. Moreover, addition of amendments also strengthened the antioxidant defense by decreasing Ni induced oxidative stress (H2O2 and O2.-), increased macronutrient availability, reduced Ni uptake and improved soil health. The qPCR analysis showed that the Ni transporters were significantly suppressed by amendments, which is correlated with the lower accumulation of Ni in rapeseed. The present study showed that immobilizing agents, especially biochar, is an effective amendment to immobilize Ni in soil, which restricts its entry into the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhir Hannan
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Muhammad A Farooq
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ahsan Ayyaz
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Junyi Ma
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Basharat Ali
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Elizabeth Deyett
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Faisal Islam
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Munir MAM, Irshad S, Yousaf B, Ali MU, Dan C, Abbas Q, Liu G, Yang X. Interactive assessment of lignite and bamboo-biochar for geochemical speciation, modulation and uptake of Cu and other heavy metals in the copper mine tailing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146536. [PMID: 34030257 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the combined effect of bamboo-biochar (BC) and water-washed lignite (LGT) at copper mine tailings (CuMT) sites on the concentration of Cu and other metals in pore water (PW), their bioavailability, and change in geochemical speciation. Rapeseed (first cropping-season) and wheat (second cropping-season) were grown for 40-days each and the influence of applied-amendments on both cropping seasons was observed and compared. A significant increase in pH, water holding capacity (WHC), and soil organic carbon (SOC) was observed after the applied amendments in second cropping-seasons. The BC-LGT significantly reduced the concentration of Cu in PW after second cropping seasons; however, the concentration of Pb and Zn were increased with the individual application of biochar and LGT, respectively. BC-LGT and BC-2% significantly reduced the bioavailability of Cu and other HMs in both cropping seasons. The treated-CuMT was subjected to spectroscopic investigation through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The results showed that Cu sorption mainly involved the coordination with hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups, as well as the co-precipitation or complexation on mineral surfaces, which vary with the applied amendment and bulk amount of Mg, Mn, and Fe released during sorption-process. The co-application of BC-LGT exerted significant effectiveness in immobilizing Cu and other HMs in CuMT. The outcomes of the study indicated that co-application of BC-LGT is an efficacious combination of organic and inorganic materials for Cu adsorption which may provide some new information for the sustainable remediation of copper mine tailing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehr Ahmed Mujtaba Munir
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China.
| | - Samina Irshad
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China.
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China; Environmental Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
| | - Muhammad Ubaid Ali
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Chen Dan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Qumber Abbas
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China.
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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13
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Liang C, Zhang Y, Ren X. Calcium regulates antioxidative isozyme activity for enhancing rice adaption to acid rain stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 306:110876. [PMID: 33775371 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Acid rain, as a typical abiotic stress, damages plant growth and production. Calcium (Ca) mediates plant growth and links the signal transduction in plants for adapting to abiotic stresses. To understand the effect of Ca2+ on plant adaptable response to acid rain, we investigated changes in activities and gene expression of antioxidative enzymes and fatty acid composition of membrane lipid in rice seedlings treated with exogenous Ca2+ (5 mM) or/and simulated acid rain (SAR, pH 3.5 / 2.5). Exogenous Ca2+ enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase isozymes in rice leaves under SAR stress by promoting activation of existing isoforms and up-regulation of Cu/Zn-SOD1, Cu/Zn-SOD2, Cu/Zn-SOD3, CAT1, CAT2 and POD1. Compared to SAR treatment alone, exogenous Ca2+ alleviated SAR-induced oxidative damage to cell membrane by enhancing antioxidative capacity, as shown by the decrease in concentrations of H2O2, O2- and malondialdehyde in rice leaves. Meanwhile, Ca2+ alleviated SAR-induced decrease in unsaturation of membrane lipid for maintaining membrane fluidity. Finally, exogenous Ca2+ alleviated SAR-induced inhibition on relative growth rate of rice. Therefore, Ca2+ could play a role in regulating activities of antioxidative enzymes as well as maintaining unsaturation of membrane lipid for enhancing tolerance in rice seedlings to acid rain stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, China.
| | - Yuanqi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ren
- Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, China
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Yuan J, Meng J, Liang X, Yang E, Yang X, Chen WF. Biochar's Leacheates Affect the Abscisic Acid Pathway in Rice Seedlings Under Low Temperature. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:646910. [PMID: 33747027 PMCID: PMC7970111 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.646910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic molecules of biochar's leacheates are known to increase the cold resistance of rice seedlings. Yet, it remains unclear whether the organic molecules of biochar leacheates can interact with the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway associated with low temperature. This study used experiments and bioinformatics (molecular docking) to determine which of the organic molecules of biochar's leacheates could influence the ABA signaling pathway. Specifically, we investigated whether these molecules affected ABA, a plant hormone linked to cold resistance. The contents of endogenous ABA and its precursor carotenoids were determined under low-temperature stress (10°C) and treatment with different concentrations of biochar leacheates. With increased leacheate concentrations, the endogenous ABA and carotenoid contents also increased, as did the expression of ABA- and cold-related genes. When rice seedlings were instead treated with exogenous ABA, it also affected the above-measured indexes; hence, we surmised that certain water-soluble organic molecules of biochar could exert a similar effect as ABA. We first used gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to identify the organic molecules in the biochar extract, and then we used molecular docking software Autodock to show how they interact. We found that the molecule (1R, 2R, 4S)-2-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-7-azabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane was simplified, as Cyah could dock with the ABA receptor protein OsPYL2 in rice, which shows Cyah in biochar is probably an analog of ABA, with a similar function. Based on these results, we conclude that organic molecules of biochar's leacheates could enter into rice plants and interact with ABA-related proteins to affect the ABA signaling pathway, thereby improving the cold stress resistance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yuan
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, China
| | - Jun Meng
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, China
| | - E Yang
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen-fu Chen
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Effects of Mineral-Solubilizing Microorganisms on Root Growth, Soil Nutrient Content, and Enzyme Activities in the Rhizosphere Soil of Robinia pseudoacacia. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Abandoned mining sites are becoming increasingly common due to anthropogenic activities. Consequently, external-soil spray seeding technology has attracted increasing attention as a strategy to remediate them. However, significant challenges remain that greatly inhibit the efficacy of such technologies, such as insufficient nutrients available for plants. Methods: For this study, we designed an experiment, which involved the addition of mineral-solubilizing microorganisms and R. pseudoacacia seedlings to the external-soil spray seeding (ESSS) substrate, and measured the soil nutrients, enzyme activities, and root growth of R. pseudoacacia. Results: First, the combination of certain mineral-solubilizing microorganisms with ESSS advanced its efficiency by increasing the availability of soil nutrients and soil enzymatic activities in association with R. pseudoacacia. Furthermore, the improvement of root growth of R. pseudoacacia was intimately related to soil nutrients, particularly for soil total nitrogen (TN) and total sulfur (TS). In general, the effects of the J2 (combined Bacillus thuringiensis and Gongronella butleri) treatment for soil nutrients, enzyme activities, and plant growth were the strongest. Conclusion: In summary, the results of our experiment revealed that these mineral-solubilizing microorganisms conveyed a promotional effect on R. pseudoacacia seedlings by increasing the soil nutrient content. These results provide basic data and microbial resources for the development and applications of mineral-solubilizing microorganisms for abandoned mine remediation.
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Yang T, Meng J, Jeyakumar P, Cao T, Liu Z, He T, Cao X, Chen W, Wang H. Effect of pyrolysis temperature on the bioavailability of heavy metals in rice straw-derived biochar. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:2198-2208. [PMID: 32875446 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the stability of heavy metals in biochar derived from rice straw with heavy metal enrichment, and the relationship between pyrolysis temperature and the stability of heavy metals in biochar. The concentrations of heavy metals of rice straw and biochar (pyrolyzed at 300 °C, 500 °C, 700 °C, and 900 °C) were measured. The experiments of extraction and leaching were conducted to evaluate the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the stability of heavy metals in biochar. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the environmental risk of heavy metals from biochar. The pyrolysis temperature affected the pH, total C, total N, surface structure, functional groups, and the concentrations of heavy metals in biochar. After being pyrolyzed, the bioavailable DTPA fraction of total Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb of BC500, BC700, BC900, and BC900 decreased by 72.87%, 69.45%, 48.09% and 15.89%, respectively, in comparison with levels in rice straw. In addition, the leaching potential of heavy metals in biochar was significantly reduced. The pot experiment and the correlation analysis indicated that the pyrolysis temperature was not significantly related to the accumulation of heavy metals in aerial parts of rice seedlings. Increase in the pyrolysis temperature had a positive effect on increasing the stability and decreasing the mobility of heavy metals in biochar. However, the variations in the pyrolysis temperature were not the main factor to affect the uptake of heavy metals originated from biochar into the aerial parts of rice seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiexin Yang
- Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jun Meng
- Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Paramsothy Jeyakumar
- Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Ting Cao
- Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Zunqi Liu
- Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Tianyi He
- Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xuena Cao
- Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Wenfu Chen
- Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Application of Bamboo Plants in Nine Aspects. ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2020:7284203. [PMID: 33061861 PMCID: PMC7555460 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7284203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bamboo forests are undoubtedly one of the most abundant nontimber plants on Earth and cover a wide area of tropical and subtropical regions around the world. This amazing plant has unique rapid growth and can play an important role in protecting our planet from pollution and improving the soil. Bamboo can be used as a biofuel, food, and for architecture and construction applications and plays a large role in the local economy by creating job opportunities. The aim of this paper is to review the extraordinary tropical plant bamboo by explaining the mechanisms related to the growth and strength of bamboo and identifying ways to utilize bamboo in industry, employment, climate change mitigation, and soil erosion reduction.
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Mujtaba Munir MA, Liu G, Yousaf B, Ali MU, Cheema AI, Rashid MS, Rehman A. Bamboo-biochar and hydrothermally treated-coal mediated geochemical speciation, transformation and uptake of Cd, Cr, and Pb in a polymetal(iod)s-contaminated mine soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114816. [PMID: 32473507 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, polymetal(iod)s-contaminated mining soil from the Huainan coalfield, Anhui, China, was used to investigate the synergistic effects of biochar (BC), raw coal (RC), and hydrothermally treated coal (HTC) on the immobilization, speciation, transformation, and accumulation of Cd, Cr, and Pb in a soil-plant system via geochemical speciation and advanced spectroscopic approaches. The results revealed that the BC-2% and BC-HTC amendments were more effective than the individual RC, and/or HTC amendments to reduce ethylene-diamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA)-extractable Cd, Cr, and Pb concentrations by elevating soil pH and soil organic carbon content. Soil pH increased by 1.5 and 2.5 units after BC-2% and BC-HTC amendments, respectively, which reduced EDTA-extractable Cd, Cr, and Pb to more stabilized forms. Metal speciation and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses suggested that the BC-HTC amendment stimulated the transformation of reactive Cd, Cr, and Pb (exchangeable and carbonate-bound) states to less reachable (oxide and residual) states to decrease the toxicity of these heavy metals. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses suggested that reduction and adsorption by soil colloids may be involved in the mechanism of Cd(II), Cr(VI), and Pb(II) immobilization via hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, and amide groups in the BC and HTC. Additionally, the BC-2% and BC-HTC amendments reduced Cd and Pb accumulation in maize shoots, which could mainly be ascribed to the reduction of EDTA-extractable heavy metals in the soil and more functional groups in the roots, thus inhibiting metal ion translocation by providing the electrons necessary for immobilization, compared to those in roots grown in the unamended soil. Therefore, the combined application of BC and HTC was more effective than the individual application of these amendments to minimize the leaching, availability, and exchangeable states of Cd, Cr, and Pb in polymetal(iod)s-contaminated mining soil and accumulation in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehr Ahmed Mujtaba Munir
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China.
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China.
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China.
| | - Muhammad Ubaid Ali
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, And State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| | - Ayesha Imtiyaz Cheema
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China.
| | - Muhammad Saqib Rashid
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China.
| | - Abdul Rehman
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China.
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Daryabeigi Zand A, Tabrizi AM, Heir AV. Co-application of biochar and titanium dioxide nanoparticles to promote remediation of antimony from soil by Sorghum bicolor: metal uptake and plant response. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04669. [PMID: 32802987 PMCID: PMC7419332 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Association of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) and biochar (BC) to assist phytoremediation of Sb contaminated soil was investigated in this study. Seedlings of Sorghum bicolor were exposed to different regimes of TiO2 NPs (0, 100, 250 and 500 mg kg-1) and BC (0, 2.5% and 5%), separately and in combination, to investigate the effects on plant growth, Sb absorption and accumulation and physiological response of the plant in Sb contaminated soil. Co-application of TiO2 NPs and BC had positive effects on plant establishment and growth in contaminated soil. Greater accumulation of Sb in the shoots compared to the roots of S. bicolor was observed in all treatments. Application of BC increased immobilization of Sb in the soil. Using TiO2 NPs significantly increased accumulation capacity of S. bicolor for Sb with the greatest accumulation capacity of 1624.1 μg per pot achieved in "250 mg kg-1 TiO2 NPs+2.5% BC" treatment (P < 0.05). Association of TiO2 NPs and BC significantly increased chlorophyll a (Chl a) and chlorophyll b (Chl b) contents of S. bicolor compared to the TiO2 NPs-amended treatments. Results of this study presented a promising novel technique by combined application of TiO2 NPs and BC in phytoremediation of Sb contaminated soils. Co-application of TiO2 NPs and BC could reduce the required amounts of TiO2 NPs for successful phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils. Intelligent uses of plants in accompany with biochar and nanomaterials have great application prospects in dealing with soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Daryabeigi Zand
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, No. 25, Azin St., 141556135 Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mikaeili Tabrizi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources, Shahid Beheshti St., 4913815739 Golestan, Iran
| | - Azar Vaezi Heir
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, No. 25, Azin St., 141556135 Tehran, Iran
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Co-Inoculation of Rhizobacteria and Biochar Application Improves Growth and Nutrientsin Soybean and Enriches Soil Nutrients and Enzymes. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10081142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Gradual depletion in soil nutrients has affected soil fertility, soil nutrients, and the activities of soil enzymes. The applications of multifarious rhizobacteria can help to overcome these issues, however, the effect of co-inoculation of plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and biochar on growth andnutrient levelsin soybean and on the level of soil nutrients and enzymes needs in-depth study. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of co-inoculation of multifarious Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110 and Pseudomonas putida TSAU1 and different levels (1 and 3%) of biochar on growth parameters and nutrient levelsin soybean and on the level of soil nutrients and enzymes. Effect of co-inoculation of rhizobacteria and biochar (1 and 3%) on the plant growth parameters and soil biochemicals were studied in pot assay experiments under greenhouse conditions. Both produced good amounts of indole-acetic acid; (22 and 16 µg mL−1), siderophores (79 and 87%SU), and phosphate solubilization (0.89 and 1.02 99 g mL−1). Co-inoculation of B. japonicum with P. putida and 3% biochar significantly improved the growth and nutrient content ofsoybean and the level of nutrients and enzymes in the soil, thus making the soil more fertile to support crop yield. The results of this research provide the basis of sustainable and chemical-free farming for improved yields and nutrients in soybean and improvement in soil biochemical properties.
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Plant growth response of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) to biochar amendment of loamy sand soil under irrigated and drought conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42398-020-00116-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe broad bean (Vicia faba L.) originated in the Near East, and is cultivated around the world, however, its cultivation is affected by drought stress in several central growing regions of the globe. The present study was designed to determine the effect of biochar on bean plant growth, acquisition of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) and on soil nutrient contents under drought and irrigated conditions. Pyrolysis char from maize (MBC) at 2 and 4% concentrations was used for pot experiments. The shoot and/or root biomass of bean grown in soil amended with 2 and 4% MBC under irrigated condition was increased. Furthermore, increased nodule numbers of bean grown at 4% MBC amendment was observed under both irrigated and drought conditions. P and K uptake of plants under drought conditions increased by 14% and 23% under 2% MBC amendment, and by 23% and 34% under 4% MBC amendment as compared to plants grown without biochar application, respectively. This study demonstrated beneficial effects of biochar produced from maize on growth and nutrient uptake of broad bean, by improving the nodule formation and soil nutritional contents in a sandy loam soil.
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Li C, Jia Z, Yuan Y, Cheng X, Shi J, Tang X, Wang Y, Peng X, Dong Y, Ma S, Li Q, Liu X, Chen J, Zhang J. Effects of mineral-solubilizing microbial strains on the mechanical responses of roots and root-reinforced soil in external-soil spray seeding substrate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:138079. [PMID: 32222506 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There are a large number of abandoned mining areas in China, where external-soil spray seeding is a common technique used to assist with the restoration of these areas. However, the soil component of external-soil spray seeding is deficient, and they are prone to collapse, which complicates ecological restoration. In this study, we added a mineral-solubilizing microbial strain to an external-soil spray seeding substrate in Robinia pseudoacacia and Lespedeza bicolor pots, which were monitored from December 2018 to November 2019. We investigated their root growth and root tensile properties, as well as root-reinforced soil shear strength. The results revealed that the addition of the microbial strain in the substrate improved root growth of Robinia pseudoacacia. The root-reinforced soil shear strength, tensile force and strength were also strengthened by the added microbial strain. Although the growth rate of Robinia pseudoacacia was faster than that of Lespedeza bicolor, the shear strength of the root-reinforced Robinia pseudoacacia soil was lower than that of the Lespedeza bicolor root-reinforced soil of the same diameter. Finally, compared with the cohesion, the change in the friction angle is relatively small, and differences in cohesion resulted in shear strength changes under the same treatment. Our results suggested that the addition of a mineral-solubilizing microbial strain to the external-soil spray seeding substrate could help plants strengthen the soil and positively enhance its effects. These results might also enrich the existing data on the effects of mineral-solubilizing microbial strains on plant roots, while guiding further studies toward improving the efficacy of external-soil spray seeding technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Jiangsu Hanying Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210043, China
| | - Zhaohui Jia
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Yingdan Yuan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Xuefei Cheng
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Jichang Shi
- College of Southern, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long pan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Xinggang Tang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Yuhao Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Xiaonan Peng
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Yiqiao Dong
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Shilin Ma
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Qinyu Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Jiadong Chen
- Nanjing Branch of Jiangsu Provincial Hydrology and Water Resources Investigation and Survey Bureau, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jinchi Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
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Egamberdieva D, Li L, Ma H, Wirth S, Bellingrath-Kimura SD. Soil Amendment With Different Maize Biochars Improves Chickpea Growth Under Different Moisture Levels by Improving Symbiotic Performance With Mesorhizobium ciceri and Soil Biochemical Properties to Varying Degrees. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2423. [PMID: 31749774 PMCID: PMC6842948 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important legume originating in the Mediterranean and the Middle East and is now cultivated in several varieties throughout the world due to its high protein and fiber content as well as its potential health benefits. However, production is drastically affected by prevalent water stress in most soybean-growing regions. This study investigates the potential of biochar to affect chickpea-Rhizobium symbiotic performance and soil biological activity in a pot experiment. Two different biochar types were produced from maize using different pyrolysis techniques, i.e., by heating at 600°C (MBC) and by batch-wise hydrothermal carbonization at 210°C (HTC), and used as soil amendments. The plant biomass, plant nutrient concentration, nodule numbers, leghemoglobin (Lb) content, soil enzyme activities, and nutrient contents of the grown chickpeas were examined. Our results indicated that plant root and shoot biomass, the acquisition of N, P, K, and Mg, soil nutrient contents, soil alkaline and acid phosphomonoesterases, and proteases were significantly increased by HTC char application in comparison to MBC char under both well-watered and drought conditions. Furthermore, the application of both biochar types caused an increase in nodule number by 52% in well-watered and drought conditions by improving the symbiotic performance of chickpea with Mesorhizobium ciceri. Rhizobial inoculation combined with HTC char showed a positive effect on soil FDA activity, proteases and alkaline phosphomonoesterases under well-watered and drought conditions compared to the control or MBC char-amended soils. This concept, whereby the type of producing biochar plays a central role in the effect of the biochar, conforms to the fact that there is a link between biochar chemical and physical properties and enhanced plant nutrient acquisition, symbiotic performance and stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilfuza Egamberdieva
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Ürümqi, China
| | - Li Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Ürümqi, China
| | - Hua Ma
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Wirth
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany
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Rajendran M, Shi L, Wu C, Li W, An W, Liu Z, Xue S. Effect of sulfur and sulfur-iron modified biochar on cadmium availability and transfer in the soil-rice system. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 222:314-322. [PMID: 30708165 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in paddy soils has aroused global concern. Sulfur modified biochar (BC) could combine the benefits of BC and S for Cd remediation. However, no information is available on the impact of sulfur modified biochar on Cd phytoavailability in paddy soils. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of sulfur modified biochar (S-BC) and sulfur and iron (Fe) modified biochar (S-Fe BC) on Cd mobility and Cd transfer in the soil-rice system. The application of S-BC and S-Fe BC effectively reduced pore water Cd in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere pore water throughout the rice growth stages. S-BC and S-Fe BC addition increased the total chlorophyll content, as well as the root, shoot and grain biomasses of rice. Furthermore, S-BC and S-Fe BC amendments greatly increase the formation of Fe plaque on rice root surface, thus decreasing Cd accumulation in different rice tissues. In particular, S-Fe BC supplementation significantly reduced the Cd concentration in rice grains to 0.018 mg kg-1 in Cd-contaminated soil, which was lower than the China National standard for food contamination limit (0.2 mg kg-1 Cd). Sequential extraction results showed that S-BC and S-Fe BC can promote the transfer of exchangeable Cd to Fe-Mn oxide, organic and residual bound forms which reduce Cd in paddy soils. Thus, the amendment of S-Fe BC to Cd-contaminated paddy soil is an effective strategy to decrease Cd accumulation in rice grains and thereby protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Rajendran
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Lizheng Shi
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510530, PR China
| | - Chuan Wu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
| | - Waichin Li
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenhui An
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Shengguo Xue
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
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