1
|
Ahmad M, Hu C, Liu M, Zhang H, Shah SAUR, Nabi G, Hao Y, Chen L. Cytotoxicity and mechanisms of perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) in umbilical cord fibroblast cells of Yangtze finless porpoise. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 276:107098. [PMID: 39298911 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Yangtze finless porpoises (YFP) accumulate high levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). However, the health impacts of PFASs to YFP are still unknown because it is technically and ethically unfeasible to use the critically endangered YFP in toxicological exposures. To uncover the potential toxicities of PFASs to YFP, this study exposed a YFP umbilical cord fibroblast cell line to perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), an emerging PFASs pollutant in the aquatic environments. After exposure, the cytotoxicity and mechanisms of PFBS were explored. Our preliminary experiments found that PFBS compromised the cell viability in a concentration and duration dependent manner. In an exposure of 48-h duration, the maximum no observed effect concentration (NOEC) of PFBS was determined to be 400 µM. High-throughput proteomics were then conducted to identify the differentially expressed proteins in YFP cells exposed to 400 µM PFBS for 48 h. The results found that PFBS exposure significantly perturbed the proteome fingerprints of YFP umbilical cord fibroblast cells. Functional annotation of differential proteins showed that PFBS had the potential to impair a variety of biological processes associated with the immunity, oxidative stress, metabolism, and proteolysis. Consistently, the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β were significantly increased by PFBS in YFP umbilical cord fibroblast cells. Overall, this study highlights the toxic effects of emerging PFASs on YFP and provides reference data to evaluate the health risks of aquatic pollution under the context of national YFP protection. To our knowledge, this is the first omics study using YFP umbilical cord fibroblast cells in ecotoxicology of PFASs, which is applicable to various cetacean species and pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maaz Ahmad
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenyan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haobo Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Syed Ata Ur Rahman Shah
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yujiang Hao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Lianguo Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Meng K, Shi YC, Li WX, Wang J, Cheng BJ, Li TL, Li H, Jiang N, Liu R. Testosterone Mediates Reproductive Toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans by Affecting Sex Determination in Germ Cells through nhr-69/ mpk-1/ fog-1/ 3. TOXICS 2024; 12:502. [PMID: 39058154 PMCID: PMC11281075 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12070502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Testosterone (T), an environmental androgen, significantly disrupts endocrine systems in wildlife and ecosystems. Despite growing concern over its high levels in aquatic environments, the reproductive toxicity of testosterone and its mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the reproductive toxicity and mechanisms of testosterone using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and assessed its ecological toxicity through the benchmark dose (BMD) method. Our results indicate that T concentrations exceeding 0.01 μg/L significantly reduce the brood size, decrease germ cell counts, and prolong the generation time in C. elegans as T concentrations increase. Furthermore, to elucidate the specific mechanisms, we analyzed the expression of nhr-69, mpk-1, and other genes involved in sex determination. These findings suggest that the nhr-69-mediated reproductive toxicity of T primarily affects sperm formation and the offspring number by influencing its downstream targets, mpk-1 and fog-1/3, which are critical in the germ cell sex-determining pathway. Additionally, this study determined that the 10% lower boundary of the baseline dose (BMDL10) is 1.160 ng/L, offering a more protective reference dose for the ecological risk assessment of T. The present study suggests that nhr-69 mediates the reproductive toxicity of T by influencing mpk-1 and fog-1/3, critical genes at the end of the germ cell sex-determining pathway, thereby providing a basis for establishing reproductive toxicity thresholds for T.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineer Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (K.M.); (Y.-C.S.); (W.-X.L.); (J.W.); (B.-J.C.); (T.-L.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Ying-Chi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineer Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (K.M.); (Y.-C.S.); (W.-X.L.); (J.W.); (B.-J.C.); (T.-L.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Wei-Xi Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineer Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (K.M.); (Y.-C.S.); (W.-X.L.); (J.W.); (B.-J.C.); (T.-L.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Jia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineer Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (K.M.); (Y.-C.S.); (W.-X.L.); (J.W.); (B.-J.C.); (T.-L.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Bei-Jing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineer Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (K.M.); (Y.-C.S.); (W.-X.L.); (J.W.); (B.-J.C.); (T.-L.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Tian-Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineer Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (K.M.); (Y.-C.S.); (W.-X.L.); (J.W.); (B.-J.C.); (T.-L.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineer Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (K.M.); (Y.-C.S.); (W.-X.L.); (J.W.); (B.-J.C.); (T.-L.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Nan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineer Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (K.M.); (Y.-C.S.); (W.-X.L.); (J.W.); (B.-J.C.); (T.-L.L.); (H.L.)
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineer Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (K.M.); (Y.-C.S.); (W.-X.L.); (J.W.); (B.-J.C.); (T.-L.L.); (H.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dunn F, Paquette SE, Pennell KD, Plavicki JS, Manz KE. Metabolomic changes following GenX and PFBS exposure in developing zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 271:106908. [PMID: 38608566 PMCID: PMC11209921 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Short chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), including hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX) and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), are replacement chemicals for environmentally persistent, long-chain PFAS. Although GenX and PFBS have been detected in surface and ground water worldwide, few studies provide information on the metabolic alterations or risks associated with their exposures. In this study, larval zebrafish were used to investigate the toxicity of early-life exposure to GenX or PFBS. Zebrafish were chronically exposed from 4 h post-fertilization (hpf) to 6 days post-fertilization (dpf) to 150 µM GenX or 95.0 µM PFBS. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography paired with high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to quantify uptake of GenX and PFBS into zebrafish larvae and perform targeted and untargeted metabolomics. Our results indicate that PFBS was 20.4 % more readily absorbed into the zebrafish larvae compared to GenX. Additionally, PFBS exposure significantly altered 13 targeted metabolites and 21 metabolic pathways, while GenX exposure significantly altered 1 targeted metabolite and 17 metabolic pathways. Exposure to GenX, and to an even greater extent PFBS, resulted in a number of altered metabolic pathways in the amino acid metabolism, with other significant alterations in the carbohydrate, lipid, cofactors and vitamins, nucleotide, and xenobiotics metabolisms. Our results indicate that GenX and PFBS impact the zebrafish metabolome, with implications of global metabolic dysregulation, particularly in metabolic pathways relating to growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Dunn
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope Street, Providence, RI, 02912, United States
| | - Shannon E Paquette
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence, RI, 02903, United States
| | - Kurt D Pennell
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope Street, Providence, RI, 02912, United States
| | - Jessica S Plavicki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence, RI, 02903, United States.
| | - Katherine E Manz
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope Street, Providence, RI, 02912, United States; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shi W, Zhang Z, Li M, Dong H, Li J. Reproductive toxicity of PFOA, PFOS and their substitutes: A review based on epidemiological and toxicological evidence. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118485. [PMID: 38373549 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have already drawn a lot of attention for their accumulation and reproductive toxicity in organisms. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanoic sulfonate (PFOS), two representative PFAS, are toxic to humans and animals. Due to their widespread use in environmental media with multiple toxicities, PFOA and PFOS have been banned in numerous countries, and many substitutes have been produced to meet market requirements. Unfortunately, most alternatives to PFOA and PFOS have proven to be cumulative and highly toxic. Of the reported multiple organ toxicities, reproductive toxicity deserves special attention. It has been confirmed through epidemiological studies that PFOS and PFOA are not only associated with reduced testosterone levels in humans, but also with an association with damage to the integrity of the blood testicular barrier. In addition, for women, PFOA and PFOS are correlated with abnormal sex hormone levels, and increase the risk of infertility and abnormal menstrual cycle. Nevertheless, there is controversial evidence on the epidemiological relationship that exists between PFOA and PFOS as well as sperm quality and reproductive hormones, while the evidence from animal studies is relatively consistent. Based on the published papers, the potential toxicity mechanisms for PFOA, PFOS and their substitutes were reviewed. For males, PFOA and PFOS may produce reproductive toxicity in the following five ways: (1) Apoptosis and autophagy in spermatogenic cells; (2) Apoptosis and differentiation disorders of Leydig cells; (3) Oxidative stress in sperm and disturbance of Ca2+ channels in sperm membrane; (4) Degradation of delicate intercellular junctions between Sertoli cells; (5) Activation of brain nuclei and shift of hypothalamic metabolome. For females, PFOA and PFOS may produce reproductive toxicity in the following five ways: (1) Damage to oocytes through oxidative stress; (2) Inhibition of corpus luteum function; (3) Inhibition of steroid hormone synthesis; (4) Damage to follicles by affecting gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC); (5) Inhibition of placental function. Besides, PFAS substitutes show similar reproductive toxicity with PFOA and PFOS, and are even more toxic to the placenta. Finally, based on the existing knowledge, future developments and direction of efforts in this field are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenshan Shi
- School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zengli Zhang
- School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Mei Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 215011, China
| | - Huiyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jiafu Li
- School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Breton C, Kessel K, Robinson A, Altaf K, Luth ES. Sublethal perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid delay C. elegans larval development and population growth but do not alter egg hatching. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2024; 87:22-32. [PMID: 37818790 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2265419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) are polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) used as surface coatings in manufacturing. Exposure to PFAS was shown to be correlated with infertility, low birth weight, and delayed aspects of pubertal development in mammals. Despite many correlational studies, there have been few direct investigations examining the link between PFAS exposure and early animal development. The aim of this study was to (1) examine the effects of PFOA on development and reproduction using the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, a model with a high predictive value for human reproductive toxicity and (2) compare observations to exposure to PFOS. PFAS exposure did not markedly alter egg hatching but delayed population growth, in part due to slower larval development. PFAS-exposed worms took longer to progress through larval stages to reach reproductive maturity, and this was not attributed to PFOA-induced toxicity to their food. Our results provide a robust benchmark for testing developmental and reproductive toxicity for other PFAS and PFAS-alternatives which continue to be used in manufacturing and released into the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celine Breton
- Department of Biology, Simmons University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Kessel
- Department of Biology, Simmons University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ariel Robinson
- Department of Biology, Simmons University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kainat Altaf
- Department of Biology, Simmons University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric S Luth
- Department of Biology, Simmons University, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li D, Zhang J, Liu X, Wang X, Li B, Du Z, Juhasz A, Wang J, Wang J, Zhu L. Are PFBS, PFHxS, and 6:2FTSA more friendly to the soil environment compared to PFOS? A new insight based on ecotoxicity study in soil invertebrates (Eisenia fetida). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166689. [PMID: 37652386 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
As alternatives to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) with shorter carbon chains or lower proportion of fluorine atoms, perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2FTSA) have been detected in various environmental media. However, it is unclear whether the toxicity of these alternatives is lower than that of PFOS. Therefore, this study investigated the toxicity and differences in PFBS, PFHxS, 6:2FTSA, and PFOS (0.2 mg/kg) after 56 d of exposure using the common invertebrate Eisenia fetida in soil as the test organism. The results showed that although PFOS, PFBS, PFHxS, and 6:2FTSA induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in earthworms and led to developmental and reproductive toxicity in terms of comprehensive toxicity, PFHxS > PFOS > PFBS >6:2FTSA. To reveal the mechanisms underlying the differences in toxicity between the alternatives and PFOS, we conducted molecular docking and transcriptomic analyses. The results indicated that, unlike PFOS, PFBS, and PFHxS, 6:2FTSA did not cause significant changes in antioxidant enzyme activity at the molecular level. Furthermore, PFOS exposure caused disorder in the nervous and metabolic systems of earthworms, and PFHxS disrupted energy balance and triggered inflammatory responses, which may be important reasons for the higher toxicity of these compounds. In contrast, exposure to 6:2FTSA did not result in adverse transcriptomic effects, suggesting that 6:2FTSA exerted the least molecular-scale toxicity in earthworms. The results of this study provide new insights into the environmental safety of using PFBS, PFHxS, and 6:2FTSA as alternatives to PFOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dengtan Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Xiaole Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Bing Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Zhongkun Du
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Albert Juhasz
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Jinhua Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Lusheng Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao M, Yao Y, Dong X, Baqar M, Fang B, Chen H, Sun H. Nontarget Identification of Novel Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Soils from an Oil Refinery in Southwestern China: A Combined Approach with TOP Assay. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:20194-20205. [PMID: 37991390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Oil refinery activity can be an emission source of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to the environment, while the contamination profiles in soils remain unknown. This study investigated 44 target PFAS in soil samples collected from an oil refinery in Southeastern China, identified novel PFAS, and characterized their behaviors by assessing their changes before and after employing advanced oxidation using a combination of nontarget analysis and a total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay. Thirty-four target PFAS were detected in soil samples. Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) were the dominant PFAS. Twenty-three novel PFAS of 14 classes were identified, including 8 precursors, 11 products, and 4 stable PFAS characterized by the TOP assay. Particularly, three per-/polyfluorinated alcohols were identified for the first time, and hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) quantified up to 657 ng/g dw is a novel precursor for TFA. Bistriflimide (NTf2) potentially associated with an oil refinery was also reported for the first time in the soil samples. This study highlighted the advantage of embedding the TOP assay in nontarget analysis to reveal not only the presence of unknown PFAS but also their roles in environmental processes. Overall, this approach provides an efficient way to uncover contamination profiles of PFAS especially in source-impacted areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maosen Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Mujtaba Baqar
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Bo Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Y, Li J, Shi W, Lu L, Zhou Q, Zhang H, Liu R, Pu Y, Yin L. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces reproductive toxicity and transgenerational reproductive aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122259. [PMID: 37541378 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
With the large-scale production and use of plastic products, the global plastic pollution problem is becoming more and more serious. The plasticizer di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), which is widely used in the production of plastics, has caused great concern for the health of the population. Exposure of organisms to DEHP can cause a variety of health damage, of which reproductive system damage is an important part. At present, there are still few studies on DEHP in reproductive aging, and it is of great significance to explore the role of DEHP in promoting reproductive aging and its underlying mechanism. In this study, the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was used to preliminarily explore the mechanism of DEHP-induced female reproductive senescence. The results showed that DEHP reduced the number of offspring and gonad area of C. elegans, resulting in shortened reproductive and life span, abnormal phenotypes in somatic gonad structure including the Emo phenotype, the BOW phenotype, a twisted gonad arm, and atrophied oocytes. Biochemical studies showed that DEHP promoted oxidative stress and autophagy in C. elegans. Further, we found the decreased number of offspring, malformed somatic gonad structure, oxidative damage and autophagy induced by DEHP in parental worms can be inheritance to the not directly exposed offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jingjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu S, Liu Y, Zhang D, Li H, Shao X, Xie P, Li J. Novel insights into perfluorinated compound-induced hepatotoxicity: Chronic dietary restriction exacerbates the effects of PFBS on hepatic lipid metabolism in mice. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 181:108274. [PMID: 37879206 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorobutane sulfonates (PFBS) have garnered extensive utilization because of their distinctive physicochemical properties. The liver acts as a key target organ for toxicity within the body and is vital for regulating metabolic processes, particularly lipid metabolism. However, there is currently a significant research gap regarding the influences of PFBS on hepatic lipid metabolism, especially in individuals with different dietary statuses. Here, the objective of this research was to examine the effects of PFBS on hepatic function under different dietary conditions. The results suggested that the levels of liver injury biomarkers were significantly upregulated, e.g., transaminase (GPT, GOT), while liver lipid levels were downregulated after exposure to PFBS at concentration of 50 μg/L for 42 days. Moreover, restricted diet further intensified the adverse effects of PFBS on the liver. Metabolomics analysis identified significant alterations in lipid-related metabolites in PFBS-induced hepatotoxicity, PFBS exposure induced a decrease in lysophosphatidylethanolamine and lysophosphatidylcholine. PFBS exposure caused an increase in aldosterone and prostaglandin f2alpha under restricted diet. In PFBS treatment group, histidine metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism, and arginine biosynthesis were the main pathway for PFBS toxicity. Aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption as a vital factor in inducing PFBS toxicity in the RD-PFBS treatment group. The analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that exposure to PFBS resulted in imbalance of gut microbial communities. PFBS exposure induced a decrease in Akkermansia and Lactobacillus, but an increase in Enterococcus. PFBS exposure caused the abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group was significantly elevated under restricted diet. Additionally, disruptions in the expression of genes involved in lipid production and consumption may significantly contribute to lipid imbalance in the liver. This study underscores the importance of recognizing the harmful impact of PFBS on liver function, along with the biotoxicity of contaminant influenced by dietary habits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Liu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yafeng Liu
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huan Li
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xicheng Shao
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, Vancouver Campus, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Pengfei Xie
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianmei Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Associations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and alternatives with reproductive hormones in women of childbearing age. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 250:114158. [PMID: 36934548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental studies suggested that per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may have endocrine-disrupting effects. However, the epidemiological evidence on the associations of PFAS with female reproductive hormones is sparse and limited to perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). OBJECTIVE To evaluate effects of legacy and emerging PFAS alternatives on female reproductive hormones. METHODS A total of 433 reproductive-aged females were recruited from 2014 to 2016. Information on age, age at menarche, gravity, menstrual cycle, BMI, education, and income was obtained from medical records and questionnaires. Serum samples were collected for reproductive hormones, and plasma samples for PFAS measurement by ultraperformance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS). Multiple linear regression and quantile g-computation (q-gcomp) were used to examine the associations of individual PFAS and their mixture with reproductive hormones. RESULTS Multiple linear regression analysis showed significant effects of certain PFAS on total testosterone (TT): adjusted estimate (β) for perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) was 0.57 (95% CI: 0.18, 0.97). Moreover, a positive association was detected between PFAS mixture and TT in the q-gcomp model. Higher concentrations of 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonic acid (6:2 Cl-PFESA) were associated with significantly lower prolactin level (β = -0.07, 95% CI: -0.14, -0.001). CONCLUSION Our study found that exposure to PFAS alternatives was associated with altered levels of reproductive hormones in women of childbearing age.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao X, Fu K, Xiang KP, Wang LY, Zhang YF, Luo YP. Comparison of the chronic and multigenerational toxicity of racemic glufosinate and l-glufosinate to Caenorhabditis elegans at environmental concentrations. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 316:137863. [PMID: 36649895 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Glufosinate-ammonium, the second largest transgene crop resistant herbicide, is classified as a mobile persistent pollutant by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencybecause of its slow decomposition and easy mobile transfer in a water environment. The chronic and multigeneration toxicity of this compound to environmental organisms are alarming. In this study, racemic glufosinate-ammonium and the effective isomer, l-glufosinate-ammonium, were used as the test agents. The developmental, neurotoxic and reproductive toxicities of Caenorhabditis elegans to their parents and progeny were studied by continuous exposure in water at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μg/L. The causes of toxicity differences were analysed from oxidative stress and transcription levels. Through oxidative stress of C. elegans, racemic glufosinate-ammonium and l-glufosinate-ammonium both mediated the developmental toxicity (shortened developmental cycle, reduced body length and width, promoted ageingand decreased longevity), neurotoxicity (inhibited head swinging, body bending frequency and acetylcholinesterase [AchE] activity) and reproductive toxicity (significant reductions in the number of eggs and offspring in vivo and induced apoptosis of gonadal cells). These phenomena caused oxidative damage (protein and membrane lipid peroxidation) and further induced apoptosis. The changes in various indicators caused by racemic glufosinate-ammonium exposure were more significant than those caused by l-glufosinate-ammonium exposure, and the reproduction-related indicators were more significant than the developmental and neurological indicators. A continuous accumulation of toxicity was observed after multiple generations of continuous exposure. These research results provide a data reference for the ecotoxicological evaluation and risk assessment of glufosinate-ammonium and contribute to the revision and improvement of the related environmental policies of glufosinate-ammonium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhao
- School of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Kan Fu
- School of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Hainan Radiation Environmental Monitoring Station, Haikou, 571126, China
| | - Kai-Ping Xiang
- School of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Lan-Ying Wang
- School of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yun-Fei Zhang
- School of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yan-Ping Luo
- School of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Long NP, Kang JS, Kim HM. Caenorhabditis elegans: a model organism in the toxicity assessment of environmental pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:39273-39287. [PMID: 36745349 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25675-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The unfavorable effects of environmental pollutants are becoming increasingly evident. In recent years, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has been used as a powerful terrestrial model organism for environmental toxicity studies owing to its various advantages, including ease of culture, short lifespan, small size, transparent body, and well-characterized genome. In vivo bioassays and field studies can analyze and evaluate various toxic effects of the toxicants on the model organism, while emerging technologies allow profound insights into molecular disturbances underlying the observed phenotypes. In this review, we discuss the applications of C. elegans as a model organism in environmental toxicity studies and delineate apical assays such as lifespan, growth rate, reproduction, and locomotion, which are widely used in toxicity evaluation. In addition to phenotype assays, a comprehensive understanding of the toxic mode of action and mechanism can be achieved through a highly sensitive multi-omics approach, including the expression levels of genes and endogenous metabolites. Recent studies on environmental toxicity using these approaches have been summarized. This review highlights the practicality and advantages of C. elegans in evaluating the toxicity of environmental pollutants and presents the findings of recent toxicity studies performed using this model organism. Finally, we propose crucial technical considerations to escalate the appropriate use of C. elegans in examining the toxic effects of environmental pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Phuoc Long
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 614-735, Korea
| | - Jong Seong Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Hyung Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li Y, Lv L, Yang L, He L, Chen Y, Wu L, Zhang Z. Boosting degradation and defluorination efficiencies of PFBS in a vacuum-ultraviolet/S(Ⅳ) process with iodide involvement. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137531. [PMID: 36509188 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) is considered to be a promising alternative of perfluorooctane sulfonates (PFOS), while it is also hazardous. The UV/S (Ⅳ) system has been confirmed to be effective for PFOS removal from water, while it is inefficient for PFBS decomposition. A hybrid vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV)/S (Ⅳ)/KI process was investigated for the degradation of PFBS in aqueous solution. With KI involvement, the degradation rate of PFBS was boosted from 1.8802 μg h-1 up to 3.5818 μg h-1 in the VUV/S (Ⅳ) process. Alkaline conditions significantly increased the degradation efficiency of PFBS, which can be explained that S (Ⅳ) was dominated by SO32- rather than HSO3- and H2SO3 in alkaline conditions. Cl-, HCO3-, NO3-, NO2-, and HA would inhibit the performance of the VUV/S (Ⅳ)/KI process via various reactions. In addition, the toxicity of PFBS was significantly reduced by the VUV/S (Ⅳ)/KI process. Even in actual waters, the VUV/S (Ⅳ)/KI process also presented a satisfying performance in the degradation of PFBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Lixin Lv
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Lie Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - Liuyang He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yulin Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Li Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Zulin Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, ABI5 8QH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lozada-Ramírez JD, Guerrero-Moras MC, González-Peña MA, Silva-Pereira TS, Anaya de Parrodi C, Ortega-Regules AE. Stabilization of Anthocyanins from Coffee ( Coffea arabica L.) Husks and In Vivo Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031353. [PMID: 36771019 PMCID: PMC9921765 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is one of the most popular and widely consumed products throughout the world, mainly due to its taste, aroma, caffeine content, and natural antioxidants. Among those antioxidants, anthocyanins are one of the most important natural pigments, which can be found in coffee husks. It is widely known that anthocyanins have multiple health benefits partially linked to their antioxidant properties. However, anthocyanins have low stability and are sensitive to all types of changes. In order to prevent its degradation, anthocyanins can be stabilized with nanoparticles. Thus, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of the anthocyanins extracted from coffee husks, using three different extracting agents (ethanol, methanol, and water) and stabilizing them through conjugation with zinc oxide nanoparticles. The anthocyanins extracts were mainly composed of cyanidin-3-rutinoside (97%) and the total phenolic compounds of the fresh extracts were 458.97 ± 11.32 (methanol), 373.53 ± 12.74 (ethanol), and 369.85 ± 15.93 (water) mg GAE/g. On the other hand, the total phenolic compounds of the nanoparticle-anthocyanin conjugates underwent no significant changes after stabilization as the major loss was less than 3%. Furthermore, the percentage of anthocyanins' degradation was less than 5% after 12 weeks of storage. On top of that, fresh anthocyanin extracts and anthocyanin-nanoparticle conjugates exhibited a strong protective effect against oxidative stress and increased the survival rate of Caenorhabditis elegans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Daniel Lozada-Ramírez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, 72810 San Andrés Cholula, Puebla, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.D.L.-R.); (C.A.d.P.); (A.E.O.-R.)
| | | | - Marco Antonio González-Peña
- Department of Chemical, Food and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, 72810 San Andrés Cholula, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - Cecilia Anaya de Parrodi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, 72810 San Andrés Cholula, Puebla, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.D.L.-R.); (C.A.d.P.); (A.E.O.-R.)
| | - Ana E. Ortega-Regules
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, 72810 San Andrés Cholula, Puebla, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.D.L.-R.); (C.A.d.P.); (A.E.O.-R.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu YL, Xiong Q, Wang B, Liu YS, Zhou PL, Hu LX, Liu F, Ying GG. Screening of structural and functional alterations in duckweed (Lemna minor) induced by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) with FTIR spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120671. [PMID: 36436661 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a class of common emerging pollutants, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and their alternatives have been widely detected in various environmental matrices, exhibiting a great threat to the ecological environment and human health. Nevertheless, changes in biomolecular structure and function of duckweed caused by PFASs and their alternatives remain unknown thus far. Herein, the effects of four PFASs, including two common legacy PFASs (perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)) and two PFASs alternatives (perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) and 1H,1H,2H, 2H-perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (6:2 FTS)) on duckweed (Lemna minor) at biochemical level were investigated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Although no obvious inhibitions were observed in the growth of L. minor with PFASs exposure at three levels of 1 μg L-1, 100 μg L-1, and 10 mg L-1, significant structural and functional alterations were induced at the biochemical level. In response to PFASs exposure, lipid peroxidation, proteins aggregation and α-helix to β-sheet transformation of the protein conformation, as well as changes of DNA conformations were detected. Moreover, alterations in lipid, protein, and DNA were proved to be concentration-related and compound-specific. Compared to the two legacy PFASs (PFOS and PFOA), alternative ones exhibited greater effects on the biological macromolecules of L. minor. The findings of this study firstly reveal structural and functional alterations in L. minor induced by PFASs exposure, providing further understanding of their toxicity effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Lin Wu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qian Xiong
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of South China Sea Fishery Resources & Environments, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Ben Wang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - You-Sheng Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Pei-Liang Zhou
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Li-Xin Hu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen L, Liu Y, Mu H, Li H, Liu S, Zhu M, Bu Y, Wu B. Effects of perfluorobutane sulfonate and perfluorooctane sulfonate on lipid homeostasis in mouse liver. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120403. [PMID: 36228861 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), an alternative to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), has been increasingly used in recent years. However, emerging evidence has raised concerns about the potential health risks of PFBS. Here, the toxicityof low-dose PFBS on livers was explored and compared with that of PFOS. Adult C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 10 μg/L, 500 μg/L PFBS, or 500 μg/L PFOS for 28 days through drinking water. At the phenotypic level, no liver damage was observed in the 10 μg/L PFBS group. The cell apoptosis and decrease of CAT activities were observed in the 500 μg/L PFBS group, while accumulation of lipid droplets, increase of CAT activities and TAG levels were found in the 500 μg/L PFOS group. Lipidomics analysis revealed that 138, 238, and 310 lipids were significantly changed in the 10 μg/L, 500 μg/L PFBS and 500 μg/L PFOS groups, respectively. The two PFBS-treated groups induced similar global lipid changes in a dose-dependent manner, which were distinct from PFOS. Overall, PFBS exposure induced an increase in phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins, but a decrease in phosphatidylinositol. PFOS exposure caused an increase in triacylglycerols. This study provides more evidence on the health hazards caused by exposure to low-dose PFBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yafeng Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Hongxin Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Su Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China; School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yuanqing Bu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liao Q, Tang P, Song Y, Liu B, Huang H, Liang J, Lin M, Shao Y, Liu S, Pan D, Huang D, Qiu X. Association of single and multiple prefluoroalkyl substances exposure with preterm birth: Results from a Chinese birth cohort study. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135741. [PMID: 35863418 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent organic pollutants that may lead the adverse birth outcomes, including preterm birth (PTB). However, previous studies have reported inconsistent results on the association between PFASs and PTB, and lack of the epidemiological evidence regarding the effect of PFASs mixture on PTB. This study aimed to explore association of individual and multiple exposure to PFASs with PTB. METHODS The study subjects were consisted of 1341 pregnant women from Guangxi Zhuang Birth Cohort in Guangxi, China, from June 2015 to April 2019. Nine PFASs concentrations in the maternal serum were examined by ultrahigh liquid performance chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and the gestational weeks were obtained from medical records. We applied binary logistics regression model to explore correlation between individual PFAS and PTB and inspected the combined effect of PFASs mixture on PTB by applying Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression models. RESULTS In adjusted logistics regression model, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS), ∑perfluorinated sulfonic acids (PFSA), and ∑PFASs were positively associated with the risk of PTB. In contrast, perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were negatively associated with the risk of PTB. These associations of n PFOS and PFHpA with PTB were found to be more pronounced in male infants. Restricted cubic splines (RCSs) showed an inverse U-shaped relationship between PFBS and PTB. Analysis from BKMR model showed a positive association between PFASs mixture and PTB, and no evidence of interactions among the nine PFASs were detected. Additionally, PFHpA, PFOS, and PFBS were identified as the main contributors for the effect of PFASs mixture on increasing the risk of PTB by BKMR and WQS models. CONCLUSION Prenatal exposure to higher levels of PFASs mixture was associated with higher risk of PTB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Peng Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanye Song
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530031, Guangxi, China
| | - Bihu Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Huishen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Mengrui Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yantao Shao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530031, Guangxi, China
| | - Shun Liu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Dongxiang Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Dongping Huang
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Beale DJ, Sinclair GM, Shah R, Paten AM, Kumar A, Long SM, Vardy S, Jones OAH. A review of omics-based PFAS exposure studies reveals common biochemical response pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157255. [PMID: 35817100 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) are a diverse group of man-made chemicals with a range of industrial applications and which are widespread in the environment. They are structurally diverse but comprise a common chemical feature of at least one (though usually more) perfluorocarbon moiety (-CnF2n-) attached to a functional group such as a carboxylic or sulphonic acid. The strength of the Carbon-Fluorine bond means the compounds do not break down easily and can thus bioaccumulate. PFAS are of high concern to regulators and the public due to their potential toxicity and high persistence. At high exposure levels, PFAS have been implicated in a range of harmful effects on human and environmental health, particularly problems in/with development, cholesterol and endocrine disruption, immune system function, and oncogenesis. However, most environmental toxicology studies use far higher levels of PFAS than are generally found in the environment. Additionally, since the type of exposure, the PFAS used, and the organisms tested all vary between studies, so do the results. Traditional ecotoxicology studies may thus not identify PFAS effects at environmentally relevant exposures. Here we conduct a review of omics-based PFAS exposure studies using laboratory ecotoxicological methodologies and environmentally relevant exposure levels and show that common biochemical response pathways are identified in multiple studies. A major pathway identified was the pentose phosphate shunt pathway. Such molecular markers of sublethal PFAS exposure will greatly benefit accurate and effective risk assessments to ensure that new PFAS regulations can consider the full effects of PFAS exposure on environmental and human health receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Beale
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Georgia M Sinclair
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Rohan Shah
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Amy M Paten
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Black Mountain, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Anupama Kumar
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Sara M Long
- Aquatic Environmental Stress Research Group (AQUEST), School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Suzanne Vardy
- Water Quality and Investigation, Science and Technology Division, Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Oliver A H Jones
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Luo K, Huang W, Zhang Q, Liu X, Nian M, Wei M, Wang Y, Chen D, Chen X, Zhang J. Environmental exposure to legacy poly/perfluoroalkyl substances, emerging alternatives and isomers and semen quality in men: A mixture analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155158. [PMID: 35421474 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Multiple studies have examined the relationship between PFAS and semen quality, but none has explored the associations of PFAS mixture that includes emerging alternatives and branched isomers. METHODS 22 PFAS, including 10 linear legacy PFAS, 7 branched isomers, 3 short chain alternatives and 2 components of F53B [e.g., 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (Cl-PFESA)] were quantified in blood plasma among 740 healthy men. Five semen quality parameters (i.e., volume, count, concentration, total motility and progressive rate) were assessed. Multiple linear regression and three multiple pollutant models (i.e., adaptive elastic net regression, quantile based g-computation, and XGBoost method) were used to assess the associations of individual PFAS and PFAS mixture with semen quality and the potential interactive effects among congeners. RESULTS After adjusting for selected confounders, perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) presented significant and negative associations with sperm count [βAENET = -0.09 (95%CI: -0.14, -0.03) for PFBS, and -0.16 (95%CI: -0.25, -0.07) for PFHxS] and sperm concentration [-0.04 (95%CI: -0.08, -0.001) for PFBS and -0.11 (95%CI: -0.17, -0.04) for PFHxS]. 6:2 Cl-PFESA showed negative associations with total motility (-2.33, 95%CI: -3.80, -0.86) and progressive rate (-1.46, 95%CI: -2.79, -0.12). But perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid (PFHpS) was positively associated with sperm count and concentration. These associations were supported by the importance assessment of these four congeners in XGBoost analyses. However, no associations were found between PFAS mixture or branched isomers and semen quality; nor were there significant interactions among PFAS congeners. CONCLUSIONS In the current cross-sectional study, we found that two emerging PFAS replacements (i.e., 6:2 Cl-PFESA and PFBS) and PFHxS exposure were associated with reduced semen concentration, total sperm count and motility in men. Meanwhile, significant positive associations between PFHpS and sperm count and concentration were also observed. But there were no consistent associations between PFAS mixture, branched isomers and semen quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Luo
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qianlong Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaotu Liu
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Min Nian
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Mengdan Wei
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiangfeng Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200135, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, Hainan 570100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lin H, Taniyasu S, Yamazaki E, Wu R, Lam PKS, Eun H, Yamashita N. Fluorine mass balance analysis and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the atmosphere. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:129025. [PMID: 35523095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Given that only a small number of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are routinely monitored, levels of PFAS in the atmosphere may be underestimated. A protocol including analyses of target PFAS (n = 50), water-soluble fluoride, and total fluorine has been proposed and applied to atmospheric samples. The whole method recovery (including extraction recovery and sampling efficiency) of 90-110% were obtained for the majority of compounds (48/50) with low deviations between replicates (< 20%). Fluorotelomer alcohols were the most prevalent PFAS in the indoor air, while the outdoor air was dominated by the ultrashort-chain ionic PFAS (e.g., trifluoroacetic acid and perfluoropropanoic acid). Concentrations of organofluorine (OF) compounds calculated from the fluorine mass balance ranged from 1.74 ng F/m3 to 14.3 ng F/m3 and from 52.0 ng F/m3 to 1100 ng F/m3 in the particulate and gaseous phases, respectively, whereas only a minor proportion (around 1%) could be explained by target PFAS. In indoor air, OF compounds were observed in relatively high levels and with a shift to the fine particles (PM<1) . Our results reveal a large proportion of unidentified OF signatures in the atmosphere and suggest the need to use multiple approaches to improve our understanding of airborne fluorinated substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiju Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Sachi Taniyasu
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Eriko Yamazaki
- Research Center for Advanced Analysis, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
| | - Rongben Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; Office of the President, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, 30 Good Shepherd Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Heesoo Eun
- Research Center for Advanced Analysis, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Yamashita
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chowdhury MI, Sana T, Panneerselvan L, Sivaram AK, Megharaj M. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) induces several behavioural defects in Caenorhabditis elegans that can also be transferred to the next generations. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132896. [PMID: 34780740 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a well-known global persistent organic pollutant of grave concern to ecological and human health. Toxicity of PFOS to animals and humans are well studied. Although few studies have reported the behavioral effect of PFOS on nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, it's transgenerational effects were seldom studied. Therefore, we investigated the toxicity of PFOS on several behavioral responses besides bioaccumulation and transgenerational effects in C. elegans. In contrast to the several published studies, we used lower concentrations (0.5-1000 μg/L or 0.001-2.0 μM) that are environmentally relevant and reported to occur close to the contaminated areas. The 48 h median lethal concentration of PFOS was found to be 3.15 μM (1575 μg/L). PFOS (≥0.01 μM) caused severe toxicity to locomotion, and this effect was even transferred to progeny. However, after a few generations, the defect was rectified in the progeny of single-time exposed parent nematodes. Whereas, continuous exposure at 0.001 μM PFOS, no visible defects were observed in the progeny. PFOS (≥0.01 μM) also significantly decreased the brood size in a concentration-dependent manner. Besides, lifespan was affected by the higher concentration of PFOS (≥1.0 μM). These two behavioral endpoints, lifespan and reproduction defects, became less severe in the progeny. Chemotaxis plasticity was also significantly retarded by ≥ 1.0 μM PFOS compared to the control group. Results indicate that PFOS can exert severe neurobehavioral defects that can be transferred from parents to their offspring. The findings of this study have significant implications for the risk assessment of perfluorinated substances in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manjurul Islam Chowdhury
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and the Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Tanmoy Sana
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and the Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Logeshwaran Panneerselvan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and the Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Anithadevi Kenday Sivaram
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and the Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and the Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li X, Yang Q, Wang L, Song C, Chen L, Zhang J, Liang Y. Using Caenorhabditis elegans to assess the ecological health risks of heavy metals in soil and sediments around Dabaoshan Mine, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:16332-16345. [PMID: 34648159 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16807-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is a global environmental problem, and the potential risks associated with heavy metals are increasing. The acid mine drainage (AMD) which is generated by mining activities at Dabaoshan Mine, the largest polymetallic mine in southern China, is harmful to local residents. A detailed regional survey of the ecological and human health risks of this polluted area is urgently needed. In this study, eight sediments and farmland samples were collected along the flow direction of tailing wastewater and Fandong Reservoir; the content of multiple heavy metals in these samples was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The biological toxicity of water-soluble extracts from the samples was further assessed by referring to different endpoints of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). The relationship between specific heavy metals and biological toxicity was estimated by partial least squares regression. The results indicated that the risk of heavy metals in Dabaoshan mining area was very high (potential ecological risk index = 721.53) and was related to geographical location. In these samples, the carcinogenic risk (the probability that people are induced carcinogenic diseases or injuries when exposed to carcinogenic pollutants) of arsenic (As) for adults exceeded the standard value 1 × 10-4 and indicated that As presented a high carcinogenic risk to adults, while the high risk of non-carcinogenic effects (the hazard degree of human exposure to non-carcinogenic pollutants) in children was related to lead exposure (hazard index = 1.24). In addition, the heavy metals at high concentration in the water-soluble fraction of sediment and farmland soil extracts, which might easily distribute within the water cycle, inhibited the survival rate and growth of C. elegans. Gene expression and enzymatic activity related to oxidative stress were increased and genes related to apoptosis and metallothionein were also affected. In conclusion, the results of chemical analysis and biological assays provided evidence on the toxicity of soil and sediment extracts in the Dabaoshan mining area and advocated the control and remediation of heavy metal pollution around Dabaoshan Mine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
| | - Chuxin Song
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lufeng Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yong Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fu K, Zhang J, Wang L, Zhao X, Luo Y. Xanthotoxin induced photoactivated toxicity, oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis in Caenorhabditis elegans under ultraviolet A. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 251:109217. [PMID: 34673249 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Xanthotoxin (XAT) is widely present in many kinds of plants. Caenorhabditis elegans, a typical model organism, was used to study the effects of XAT on C. elegans developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity induced under ultraviolet A (UVA), oxidative stress and apoptosis in C. elegans. The results showed that after XAT exposure treatment, the hatchability of C. elegans decreased significantly as the concentration increased; the body length and width increased markedly, the external morphology was swollen; the brood sizes had been decreased; and the frequencies of head thrashes and body bend decreased significantly. At 80 and 100 mg/L, XAT reduced the activities of mitochondrial complex enzymes I and III, resulting in the excessive production of ROS, and inhibited SOD and CAT so that the ROS could not be eliminated over time. ROS accumulation in the bodies further caused the contents of MDA, protein carbonyl and lipofuscin to increase significantly, the mitochondrial membrane potential to be severely damaged, apoptosis to occur, and the apoptosis genes ced-3 and ced-4 to be significantly upregulated. Thus, XAT showed photoactivated toxicity to C. elegans under UVA, which will help people to make full and rational use of plants containing XAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kan Fu
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Jianchun Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Lanying Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Yanping Luo
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wei KN, Wang XJ, Zeng ZC, Gu RT, Deng SZ, Jiang J, Xu CL, Li W, Wang HL. Perfluorooctane sulfonate affects mouse oocyte maturation in vitro by promoting oxidative stress and apoptosis induced bymitochondrial dysfunction. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112807. [PMID: 34562787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS), as a surfactant, is widely applied in the agricultural production activities and has become a potential menace to human health. The mechanism of its effect on the maturation of mammalian oocytes is unclear. This study explored the toxic effect of PFOS on mouse oocyte maturation in vitro. The results revealed that PFOS under a concentration of 600 μM could significantly reduce the polar body extrusion rate (PBE) of mouse oocytes and cause symmetrical cell division. Further experiments showed that PFOS resulted in the abnormal cytoskeleton of the oocytes, causing the abnormal spindles and misplaced chromosomes, as well as the impaired dynamics of actin. Moreover, PFOS exposure inhibited the process of oocyte meiosis, which reflected in the slower spindle migration and continuous activation of spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), then ultimately increased the probability of aneuploidy. Most importantly, PFOS exposure reduced the quality of oocytes, specifically by disrupting the function of mitochondria, inducing cell oxidative stress, and triggering early apoptosis. Furthermore, the level of methylation of histones is additionally influenced. In summary, our findings showed that PFOS exposure interfered with the maturation of mouse oocytes through affecting cytoskeletal dynamics, meiotic progression, oocyte quality, and histone modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Na Wei
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China; Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China.
| | - Xin-Jie Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China.
| | - Zhao-Cheng Zeng
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China.
| | - Ruo-Ting Gu
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Shu-Zi Deng
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China; College of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, China.
| | - Jiang Jiang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China.
| | - Chang-Long Xu
- The Reproductive Medical Center of Nanning Second People's Hospital, Nanning 530031, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China.
| | - Hai-Long Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li Z, Yu Z, Yin D. Multi- and trans-generational disturbances of perfluorobutane sulfonate and perfluorohexane sulfonate on lipid metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130666. [PMID: 33945899 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Short-chained perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS, four-carbon) and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS, six-carbon) are widely employed to substitute long-chained per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Recent studies showed the potential persistence of PFBS and PFHxS, and also reported their correlation with obesity. However, the long-term outcome and underlying mechanisms remained poorly understood. Presently, the effects of PFBS and PFHxS were studied on C. elegans with multi- and trans-generational experiments. The multi-generational effects were measured in continuous four generational exposure (i.e., F1 to F4). Results showed that PFBS did not stimulate the fat content in F1 but in F4 with continuous but different disturbances on the lipid metabolism and the insulin and insulin-like (IIS) pathway. PFHxS stimulated the fat content in F1 and F4 with similar disturbances on the lipid metabolism and IIS pathway. The trans-generational results showed that the effects of PFBS and PFHxS on the lipid metabolism and IIS pathway were not totally recovered in the offspring of F1 (i.e., T1-T3) and F4 (i.e., T1'-T3') which were not continuously exposed. PFHxS showed a common pattern to up-regulate daf-7 in both multi- and trans-generational effects. The long-term consequences of the short-chained PFASs substitutes should be concerned and epigenetic regulations should be considered in future mechanism studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Jiaxing Tongji Institute for Environment, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314051, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Zhenyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Jiaxing Tongji Institute for Environment, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314051, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Daqiang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Du Y, Cai Z, Zhang H, Liang W, Wang H, Man Q, Wang W. Nitric oxide mediates disruption of human placental trophoblast invasion induced by perfluorobutane sulfonate. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 283:117137. [PMID: 33866218 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), an emerging pollutant, is associated with disruption of placental functions and adverse birth outcomes. However, the precise mechanism of this disruption remains unclear. Extravillous trophoblasts make up the majority of cells in the placenta, and have invasive abilities, which plays a critical role in a successful pregnancy. It has been reported that inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) signaling is associated with trophoblast migration and invasion. In this study, PFBS exposure was found to enhance trophoblast invasion and increase matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) levels. Additionally, PFBS upregulated iNOS levels and stimulated NO generation. iNOS inhibitor treatment attenuated the increased invasion of trophoblasts and MMP-9 expression induced by PFBS. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation was also enhanced by PFBS exposure. In the presence of an ERK pathway inhibitor, however, the increases in trophoblast invasion, the induction of NO production, iNOS expression and MMP-9 expression induced by PFBS were attenuated. Taken together, these results suggest that iNOS/NO signaling is triggered by activation of the ERK signaling pathway, and that iNOS/NO signaling mediates PFBS-induced stimulation of trophoblast invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yatao Du
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200292, China
| | - Zhenzhen Cai
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200292, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China; Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200292, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200292, China
| | - Qiuhong Man
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, 200434, China
| | - Weiye Wang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200292, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chowdhury MI, Sana T, Panneerselvan L, Dharmarajan R, Megharaj M. Acute Toxicity and Transgenerational Effects of Perfluorobutane Sulfonate on Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:1973-1982. [PMID: 33792982 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), due to its increasing use as an alternative to perfluooctane sulfonate (PFOS), is widely detected in humans and the environment, necessitating the evaluation of its potential ecotoxicological risk. We assessed the toxicity and bioaccumulation potential of PFBS in Caenorhabditis elegans, using lethality, locomotion, reproduction, life span, growth, and chemotactic behavior as the effect parameters. In addition, a total of 6 generations of exposed parent animals were monitored for locomotion, brood, and life span behaviors. Life span and brood size were significantly reduced in parent nematodes (P0) following exposure to ≥0.1 mM PFBS, but these negative effects did not transfer to the progeny. Although there was no remarkable effect on reproduction and life span in parent worms exposed to ≤0.01 mM PFBS, multigenerational exposure at 0.0005 mM significantly affected the F4 and F5 progeny. Furthermore, 0.01 to 2.0 mM of PFBS substantially retarded the locomotion behavior of P0 worms. At higher concentrations such as 1.0 mM, this negative effect on locomotion was transferred to the next generation (F1) but later recovered from F2 progeny onward. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that chronic exposure to PFBS at higher concentrations can cause behavioral toxicity and could be transferred to the progeny. These findings have significant implications for the environmental risk assessment of PFBS. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1973-1982. © 2021 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manjurul Islam Chowdhury
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tanmoy Sana
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Logeshwaran Panneerselvan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rajarathnam Dharmarajan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li Y, He L, Lv L, Xue J, Wu L, Zhang Z, Yang L. Review on plant uptake of PFOS and PFOA for environmental cleanup: potential and implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:30459-30470. [PMID: 33893912 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) have gained increasing concern due to their persistent characteristics, wide distribution, biotoxicity, and bioaccumulative properties. The current remediation technologies for PFOA and PFOS are primarily focused on physical and chemical techniques. Phytoremediation has provided promising alternatives to traditional cleanup technologies due to their low operational costs, low maintenance requirements, end-use value, and aesthetic nature. In this review, uptake, translocation, and toxic effects of PFOS and PFOA are summarized and discussed. Several potential hyperaccumulators of PFOS and PFOA are provided according to the existing data. Biomass, chlorophyll, soluble protein, enzyme activities, oxidative stress, and other variables are assessed for potential indicator of PFOS/PFOA biotoxicity. The various studies on multiple scales are compared for identifying the threshold values. Several important implications and recommendations for future research are proposed at the end. This review provides an overview of current studies on plant uptake of PFOS and PFOA from the perspective of phytoremediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuyang He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Lv
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Xue
- New Zealand Forest Research Institute Limited (Scion), Christchurch, 8440, New Zealand
| | - Li Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zulin Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, ABI5 8QH, UK
| | - Lie Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ankley GT, Cureton P, Hoke RA, Houde M, Kumar A, Kurias J, Lanno R, McCarthy C, Newsted J, Salice CJ, Sample BE, Sepúlveda MS, Steevens J, Valsecchi S. Assessing the Ecological Risks of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Current State-of-the Science and a Proposed Path Forward. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:564-605. [PMID: 32897586 PMCID: PMC7984443 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) encompass a large, heterogenous group of chemicals of potential concern to human health and the environment. Based on information for a few relatively well-understood PFAS such as perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoate, there is ample basis to suspect that at least a subset can be considered persistent, bioaccumulative, and/or toxic. However, data suitable for determining risks in either prospective or retrospective assessments are lacking for the majority of PFAS. In August 2019, the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry sponsored a workshop that focused on the state-of-the-science supporting risk assessment of PFAS. The present review summarizes discussions concerning the ecotoxicology and ecological risks of PFAS. First, we summarize currently available information relevant to problem formulation/prioritization, exposure, and hazard/effects of PFAS in the context of regulatory and ecological risk assessment activities from around the world. We then describe critical gaps and uncertainties relative to ecological risk assessments for PFAS and propose approaches to address these needs. Recommendations include the development of more comprehensive monitoring programs to support exposure assessment, an emphasis on research to support the formulation of predictive models for bioaccumulation, and the development of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo methods to efficiently assess biological effects for potentially sensitive species/endpoints. Addressing needs associated with assessing the ecological risk of PFAS will require cross-disciplinary approaches that employ both conventional and new methods in an integrated, resource-effective manner. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:564-605. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald T. Ankley
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection AgencyDuluthMinnesotaUSA
| | - Philippa Cureton
- Science and Risk Assessment Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, GatineauQuebecCanada
| | | | - Magali Houde
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, MontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Anupama Kumar
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation UrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Jessy Kurias
- Science and Risk Assessment Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, GatineauQuebecCanada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria S. Sepúlveda
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue UniversityWest LayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Jeffery Steevens
- US Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research CenterColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Sara Valsecchi
- Water Research Institute, National Research CouncilBrugherioMonza and BrianzaItaly
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Barrett H, Du X, Houde M, Lair S, Verreault J, Peng H. Suspect and Nontarget Screening Revealed Class-Specific Temporal Trends (2000-2017) of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances in St. Lawrence Beluga Whales. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:1659-1671. [PMID: 33444015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The global use of >3000 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has given rise to chemical regulatory action. However, limited information exists regarding current and historical emissions for the majority of PFASs under currently implemented regulations. This study employed suspect and nontarget screening to examine the temporal trends of legacy and unregulated PFASs in liver of the endangered beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) population from the St. Lawrence Estuary in Canada collected from 2000 to 2017. A suite of 54 PFASs were tentatively identified, and were grouped into nine structurally distinct classes. Single-hydrogenated perfluoro carboxylic acids (H-PFCAs), single-hydrogenated sulfonamides (H-Sulfonamides), as well as other select sulfonamides were detected for the first time in wildlife. Greater concentrations of the majority of PFASs were determined in newborns and juveniles than in adults, suggesting effective placental and lactational transfer of PFASs. Legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl acids and perfluorooctane sulfonamide in beluga whale liver were found to significantly decrease in concentration between 2000 and 2017, while unregulated short-chain PFAS alternatives, H-PFCAs, and odd-chain FTCAs were found to increase over time. The implementation of suspect and nontarget screening revealed class-specific temporal trends of PFASs in SLE beluga whales, and supported continuous emissions of unregulated PFASs into the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Xuan Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Magali Houde
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill Street, Montréal, Québec H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - Stéphane Lair
- Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Jonathan Verreault
- Centre de Recherche en Toxicologie de l'Environnement (TOXEN), Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- School of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S3H6 Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wasel O, Thompson KM, Gao Y, Godfrey AE, Gao J, Mahapatra CT, Lee LS, Sepúlveda MS, Freeman JL. Comparison of zebrafish in vitro and in vivo developmental toxicity assessments of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:125-136. [PMID: 33143551 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1842272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are persistent environmental contaminants that are associated with various adverse health outcomes. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is one of the most prominently detected PFAAs in the environment, which is now replaced with shorter chain carbon compounds including perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) and perfluorobutyric acid (PFBA). The aim of this study was to compare the toxicity of four PFAAs as a function of chain length and head group (carboxylate versus sulfonate) with in vitro and in vivo zebrafish assessments, which were subsequently compared to other cell and aquatic models. Mortality rate increased with chain length (PFOA > PFHxA ≫ PFBA) in both whole embryo/larvae and embryonic cell models. The sulfonate group enhanced toxicity with perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) showing higher toxicity than PFBA and PFHxA in both larvae and cells. Toxicity trends were similar among different aquatic models, but sensitivities varied. Discrepancies with other zebrafish studies were confirmed to be associated with a lack of neutralization of acidic pH of dosing solutions in these other investigations, demonstrating the need for rigor in reporting pH of exposure solutions in all experiments. The zebrafish embryonic cell line was also found to be similar to most other cell lines regardless of exposure length. Overall, results agree with findings in other cell lines and organisms where longer chain length and sulfonate group increase toxicity, except in investigations not neutralizing the exposure solutions for these acidic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ola Wasel
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Yu Gao
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN, USA
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming, China
| | - Amy E Godfrey
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jiejun Gao
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Cecon T Mahapatra
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Linda S Lee
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Maria S Sepúlveda
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yue Y, Li S, Qian Z, Pereira RF, Lee J, Doherty JJ, Zhang Z, Peng Y, Clark JM, Timme-Laragy AR, Park Y. Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) impaired reproduction and altered offspring physiological functions in Caenorhabditis elegans. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111695. [PMID: 32835727 PMCID: PMC7554236 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS), a shorter chain Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) cognate of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), has been used as replacement for the toxic surfactant PFOS. However, emerging evidences suggest safety concerns for PFBS and its effect on reproductive health is still understudied. Therefore, the current work aimed to investigate the effect of PFBS, in comparison to PFOS, on reproductive health using Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo animal model. PFOS (≥10 μM) and PFBS (≥1000 μM) significantly impaired the reproduction capacity of C. elegans, represented as reduced brood size (total egg number) and progeny number (hatched offspring number), without affecting the hatchability. Additionally, the preconception exposure of PFOS and PFBS significantly altered the embryonic nutrient loading and composition, which further led to abnormalities in growth rate, body size and locomotive activity in F1 offspring. Though the effective exposure concentration of PFBS was approximately 100 times higher than PFOS, the internal concentration of PFBS was lower than that of PFOS to produce the similar effects of PFOS. In conclusion, PFOS and PFBS significantly impaired the reproductive capacities in C. elegans and the preconception exposure of these two compounds can lead to offspring physiological dysfunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Yue
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - Sida Li
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - Zhuojia Qian
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | | | - Jonghwa Lee
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - Jeffery J Doherty
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - Ye Peng
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - John M Clark
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - Alicia R Timme-Laragy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hu Y, Wei C, Wang L, Zhou Z, Wang T, Liu G, Feng Y, Liang Y. Cooking methods affect the intake of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from grass carp. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 203:111003. [PMID: 32678765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of fish is one of the predominant sources of human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). In this study, the effect of various cooking methods (boiling, steaming, grilling and frying) on the levels of PFASs in fish muscle and the intake of PFASs was explored by using grass carp collected from Tangxun Lake, Wuhan, China. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was the predominant PFASs in raw fish fillets, with the concentrations ranging from 59.6 to 136 ng/g ww, followed by perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) (7.73-51.9 ng/g ww). The concentrations of long-chain PFASs in fish increased after cooking, while those of short-chain PFASs decreased. The amounts of PFASs in the cooked fish fillets decreased except PFOS. Short-chain PFASs, including PFBS and perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), were dominant in cooking juice. The highest amounts of PFBS in the juices were observed after boiling and frying, even higher than those in cooked fish fillets, suggesting that the release of short-chain PFASs to the cooking juices could not be neglected. Based on these results, the intake of short-chain PFASs amount through cooked fish fillets slightly decreased, but the intake of PFOS amount increased. However, consumption of cooking juice (fish soup) could increase the exposure risk of PFBS. Comprehensively considering the increase of PFOS and decrease of total PFASs, boiling may be the relatively better method to cook fish. As PFASs are ubiquitous and inevitable in aquatic food, it is thus important to choose appropriate cooking processes and dietary habits for reducing the intake of different PFASs from fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Cuiyun Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ling Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Thanh Wang
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Guangliang Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yuqi Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yong Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Xu H, Zhou Q, Zhang J, Chen X, Zhao H, Lu H, Ma B, Wang Z, Wu C, Ying C, Xiong Y, Zhou Z, Li X. Exposure to elevated per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in early pregnancy is related to increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A nested case-control study in Shanghai, China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 143:105952. [PMID: 32717645 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and their short-chain alternatives have been produced and used extensively in China. However, it is unclear whether these compounds contribute to the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in women residing in contaminated areas. OBJECTIVE The study was performed to explore the association between PFASs varying in chain length and the risk of developing GDM. METHOD A nested case-control study was conducted in a prospective cohort of 2,460 pregnant women between July 1, 2017, and January 31, 2019 in Shanghai, China. Twelve PFASs of interest were measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF MS) in the sera of pregnant women at 16-20 weeks. GDM was diagnosed by an oral glucose tolerance test administered over 24-28 gestational weeks. The cases and controls were matched by maternal age. The relationship between maternal serum PFAS level and GDM risk was determined by conditional logistic and linear regression analyses. RESULTS A total of 165 GDM cases and 330 controls were enrolled in the study cohort. The frequencies of detection of PFHpA, PFDS, and PFOSA were all ≤80%. Hence, they were excluded from any further risk analysis. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were detected at relatively high serum levels (medians 6.57 ng/mL and 8.07 ng/mL, respectively). The serum levels of perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) and perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA) were significantly higher in the GDM group than they were in the control group (P = 0.02 and P < 0.01, respectively) according to a nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum test. A quartile analysis showed that the odds ratio of GDM would significantly increase at the highest PFBS and PFDoA levels. In the core model, the adjusted ORs were 2.02 (95% CI = 1.04-3.79) and 13.00 (95% CI = 4.74-24.59), respectively, after adjusting for maternal age, sampling time, parity and body mass index [BMI]). CONCLUSION Elevated maternal serum PFBS and PFDoA levels in early pregnancy may be associated with a substantially higher GDM risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huangfang Xu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiongjie Zhou
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiming Zhang
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinning Chen
- Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huanqiang Zhao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiqing Lu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhua Wu
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmei Ying
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Marinello WP, Mohseni ZS, Cunningham SJ, Crute C, Huang R, Zhang JJ, Feng L. Perfluorobutane sulfonate exposure disrupted human placental cytotrophoblast cell proliferation and invasion involving in dysregulating preeclampsia related genes. FASEB J 2020; 34:14182-14199. [PMID: 32901980 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000716rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We reported that maternal PFBS, an emerging pollutant, exposure is positively associated with preeclampsia which can result from aberrant trophoblasts invasion and subsequent placental ischemia. In this study, we investigated the effects of PFBS on trophoblasts proliferation/invasion and signaling pathways. We exposed a human trophoblast line, HTR8/SVneo, to PFBS. Cell viability, proliferation, and cell cycle were evaluated by the MTS assay, Ki-67 staining, and flow cytometry, respectively. We assessed cell migration and invasion with live-cell imaging-based migration assay and matrigel invasion assay, respectively. Signaling pathways were examined by Western blot, RNA-seq, and qPCR. PFBS exposure interrupted cell proliferation and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. PFBS (100 μM) did not cause cell death but instead significant cell proliferation without cell cycle disruption. PFBS (10 and 100 μM) decreased cell migration and invasion, while PFBS (0.1 μM) significantly increased cell invasion but not migration. Further, RNA-seq analysis identified dysregulated HIF-1α target genes that are relevant to cell proliferation/invasion and preeclampsia, while Western Blot data showed the activation of HIF-1α, but not Notch, ERK1/2, (PI3K)AKT, and P38 pathways. PBFS exposure altered trophoblast cell proliferation/invasion which might be mediated by preeclampsia-related genes, suggesting a possible association between prenatal PFBS exposure and adverse placentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William P Marinello
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zahra S Mohseni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sarah J Cunningham
- University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christine Crute
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rong Huang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun J Zhang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Single and mixture per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances accumulate in developing Northern leopard frog brains and produce complex neurotransmission alterations. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2020; 81:106907. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2020.106907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
37
|
Nian M, Luo K, Luo F, Aimuzi R, Huo X, Chen Q, Tian Y, Zhang J. Association between Prenatal Exposure to PFAS and Fetal Sex Hormones: Are the Short-Chain PFAS Safer? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:8291-8299. [PMID: 32525661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic evidence regarding the effects of in utero exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), particularly short-chain PFAS, on fetal reproductive hormones is limited and inconsistent. This study aimed to assess the relationship between maternal PFAS exposure and fetal reproductive hormones. A total of 752 mother-infant pairs who were recruited in the Shanghai Birth Cohort Study between 2013 and 2016 were selected. We quantified 10 PFAS, including two short-chain PFAS congeners (perfluorobutanesulfonate, PFBS and perfluoroheptanoic acid, PFHpA), in maternal blood plasma in early pregnancy. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and total testosterone (TT) were measured in the umbilical cord blood using chemiluminescence kits. Free androgen index (FAI) was calculated by TT divided by SHBG. Multiple linear regression found that one ln-unit increase in maternal PFBS was associated with decreases in FSH (-0.159; 95% CI: -0.290, -0.029), LH (-0.113; 95% CI: -0.221, -0.004), and FAI (-0.009; 95% CI: -0.017, -0.001). In addition, PFHpA showed negative associations with LH (-0.154; 95% CI: -0.297, -0.011) and FAI (-0.008; 95% CI: -0.014, -0.002). When PFAS were analyzed in quartiles, significant negative associations were observed between PFBS and FSH, and between PFHpA and FAI. Overall, prenatal exposure to PFBS and PFHpA was associated with the disturbance of fetal gonadotropins as well as free androgen level in this prospective cohort, suggesting that the reproductive toxicity of short-chain PFAS may not be neglected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Nian
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Kai Luo
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ruxianguli Aimuzi
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaona Huo
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Neurotoxicity in Sentinel and Non-Traditional Laboratory Model Systems: Potential Utility in Predicting Adverse Outcomes in Human Health. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8020042. [PMID: 32549216 PMCID: PMC7355795 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of chemicals that were widely used in manufacturing and are now present in the environment throughout the world. It is known that various PFAS are quantifiable in human in blood, but potential adverse health outcomes remain unclear. Sentinel and non-traditional model species are useful to study potential toxicity of PFAS in order to understand the relationship between environmental and human health. Here, we present a critical review of studies on the neurotoxicity of PFAS in sentinel and non-traditional laboratory model systems, including Caenorhabditis elegans (nematode), Dugesia japonica (planarian), Rana pipiens (frogs), Danio rerio and Oryzias melastigma (fish), and Ursus maritimus (polar bears). PFAS have been implicated in developmental neurotoxicity in non-traditional and traditional model systems as well as sentinel species, including effects on neurotransmitter levels, especially acetylcholine and its metabolism. However, further research on the mechanisms of toxicity needs to be conducted to determine if these chemicals are affecting organisms in a similar manner. Overall, findings tend to be similar among the various species, but bioaccumulation may vary, which needs to be taken into account in future studies by quantifying target organ concentrations of PFAS to better compare different species. Furthermore, data on the majority of PFAS is lacking in neurotoxicity testing, and additional studies are needed to corroborate findings thus far.
Collapse
|
39
|
Lau C, Rumpler J, Das KP, Wood CR, Schmid JE, Strynar MJ, Wambaugh JF. Pharmacokinetic profile of Perfluorobutane Sulfonate and activation of hepatic nuclear receptor target genes in mice. Toxicology 2020; 441:152522. [PMID: 32534104 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are organic chemicals with wide industrial and consumer uses. They are found ubiquitously at low levels in the environment and are detectable in humans and wildlife. Perfluorobutane Sulfonate (PFBS) is a short-chained PFAS used to replace perfluorooctane sulfonate in commerce. In general, the rate of clearance for the short-chained PFAS is faster than that for the long-chained congeners. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetic properties of PFBS and its hepatic transcriptional responses in CD-1 mice. Males and females were given PFBS by oral gavage at 30 or 300 mg/kg; controls received 0.5 % Tween-20 vehicle. Trunk blood was collected at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 h thereafter; liver and kidney were also harvested. Serum and tissue concentrations of PFBS were determined by HPLC-MS-MS. Expression of several hepatic nuclear receptor target genes was determined by qPCR. The half-life of PFBS was estimated as 5.8 h in the males and 4.5 h in the females. Tmax was reached within 1-2 h. Volume of distribution was similar between the two sexes (0.32-0.40 L/kg). The rate of PFBS clearance was linear with exposure doses. Within 24 h, serum PFBS declined to less than 5 % of Cmax. PFBS was detected in liver or kidney, although tissue levels of the chemical were only a fraction of those in serum. At 24 h after administration of 300 mg/kg PFBS, elevated expression of several hepatic genes targeted for PPARα, PPARy, and PXR but not by AhR, LXR or CAR was observed, with responses indistinguishable between males and females. Little to no transcriptional response was seen with the 30 mg/kg dose. The short serum half-lives of PFBS (4-5 h) in mice were comparable to those reported in rats. Although detection of PFBS in liver was low compared to that in serum even at the 300 mg/kg dose, the tissue level was sufficient to activate several hepatic nuclear receptors, which may represent an acute response to the chemical at a high dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lau
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Jason Rumpler
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Kaberi P Das
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Carman R Wood
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Judith E Schmid
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Mark J Strynar
- Watershed and Ecosystems Characterization Division, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - John F Wambaugh
- Chemical Characterization and Exposure Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang Y, Zhang H, Wu X, Xue C, Hu Y, Khan A, Liu F, Cai L. Ecotoxicity assessment of sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate and its micro-sized metal chelates in Caenorhabditis elegans. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 720:137666. [PMID: 32325596 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate (SDDC) is a widely used heavy metal chelating agent in harmless treatment of wastewater and hazardous waste, but SDDC and its heavy metal chelates may leak into the environment and bring potential ecological risks. In this study, the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans was used to evaluate the toxic effect of SDDC and its heavy metal Cu, Pb chelates. Multiple endpoints were investigated by subacute exposure to SDDC (0.01-100 mg/L) and micro-sized Cu, Pb chelates of SDDC (1-100 mg/L). Our data indicated that the LC50 value of SDDC was 139.39 mg/L (95% Cl: 111.03, 174.75 mg/L). In addition, SDDC was found that concentration of 1 mg/L is a safe limit value for nematode C. elegans, and concentration above 1 mg/L caused adverse effects on the survival, growth, locomotion behaviors and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of exposed nematodes. Furthermore, all tested SDDC-Cu and SDDC-Pb chelates had obviously lower toxic effect than untreated Cu, Pb metals. These two chelates also had a lower toxic effect than SDDC agent due to its more stable structure. Moreover, SDDC-Cu had a higher toxic effect than SDDC-Pb at the same concentration. Thus, our results suggest that SDDC as a kind of chelating agent applied in harmless treatment of heavy metals, the safe addition limit should not be exceeded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiangyu Wu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Cheng Xue
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yang Hu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Asim Khan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Fuwen Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lankun Cai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cai Y, Chen H, Yuan R, Wang F, Chen Z, Zhou B. Toxicity of perfluorinated compounds to soil microbial activity: Effect of carbon chain length, functional group and soil properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 690:1162-1169. [PMID: 31470479 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been detected at various concentrations in different environment compartments due to their widespread usage. Nowadays, soil environment has become a prominent sink of PFCs from surface runoff and penetration, but few researches have been conducted in the toxicity of PFCs to soil microorganisms. To address the issue, microcalorimetry was applied to investigate the toxicity of six PFCs with different carbon chain length (4, 8, and 10) and functional group (carboxylic and sulfonic) to microbial activities in three Chinese soils varying widely in soil properties. Adsorption of PFCs by soil matrix was a key factor in controlling the toxicity of PFCs to soil microorganisms. The differences of carbon chain length and functional groups of PFCs have different impacts on soil microbial activity while affecting adsorption progress. Particularly, the sulfonic PFCs expressed higher toxicity than the carboxylic. It is also identified that the longer the chain length, the greater the toxicity of PFCs. Soil pH was another relevant factor of soil adsorption, and with the increase of pH, adsorption capability increased. Soil available P, N and K were essential nutrients in soil, and suggested to improve microbial activity under PFCs stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huilun Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Rongfang Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhongbing Chen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Beihai Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Cao H, Wang L, Liang Y, Li Z, Feng H, Sun Y, Zhang A, Fu J. Protonation state effects of estrogen receptor α on the recognition mechanisms by perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate: A computational study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 171:647-656. [PMID: 30658300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) have been reported to cause adverse health effects on wildlife as well as humans. Numerous studies demonstrated that PFOA and PFOS could interfere with the transcriptional activation of estrogen receptor α (ERα) by mimicking the function of endogenous ligand, whereas some reports suggested that the two compounds present non-estrogenic activities. These conflicting results bring a confusion to understand their molecular mechanism on the ERα-mediated signaling pathway. To address this issue, we performed the molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to elaborate the structural characteristics for the binding of PFOA and PFOS to ERα. Our results indicated that the two opposite binding orientations were modulated by the protonation states of key residue His524. In sub-acidic condition, PFOA and PFOS prefer to form the H-bonding interactions with the protonated His524, whereas Arg394 provided the H-bonding interactions for stable binding in sub-alkaline condition. Conformational analyses implied that the diverse binding modes were closely related to the conformational propensity of ERα for subsequent coactivator recruitment and transcription activation. Generally, our findings provide a flexible strategy to assess the pH impacts of microenvironment on the toxicities of perfluoroalkyl acids by their interactions with proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Zhunjie Li
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Hongru Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuzhen Sun
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Aiqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Jianjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Groffen T, Lasters R, Lopez-Antia A, Prinsen E, Bervoets L, Eens M. Limited reproductive impairment in a passerine bird species exposed along a perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) pollution gradient. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 652:718-728. [PMID: 30380479 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although bird eggs have been used in biomonitoring studies on perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), effects of environmental concentrations on reproduction remain largely unknown in wild birds. In the present study we examined the associations between the concentrations of 4 perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs) and 11 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) in the eggs of great tits (Parus major), collected along a distance gradient from a pollution source, and multiple reproductive parameters (including the start of egg laying, clutch size, hatching success, fledging success and total breeding success) along with egg shell thickness and body condition of the nestlings. The PFAA concentrations measured at the plant site were among the highest ever reported in wild bird eggs. PFAA concentrations decreased sharply with increasing distance (0-11 km) from the plant, but remained relatively elevated in the adjacent sites. PFAAs were grouped into principal components (PCs) to prevent collinearity. High concentrations of PFOS, PFDS, PFDoDA, PFTrDA and PFTeDA (grouped as PC1) were associated with a reduced hatching success of nests where at least one egg hatched, thinner egg shells and increased survival of the hatched chicks. High concentrations of PFDA (PC2) were associated with a reduced hatching success, especially in nests where no eggs hatched, an earlier start of egg laying and a reduction of total breeding success, mainly caused by the failure in hatching. Although the major manufacturer of PFAAs phased out the production of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and related products in 2002, concentrations appear to have increased since previous measurements. Surprisingly, despite the very high concentrations close to the fluorochemical plant, there was no clear evidence for reproductive impairment as the observed associations between PFAA concentrations and reproductive parameters were rather limited compared to previous studies in songbirds. These findings also suggest potential differences in sensitivity between species. CAPSULE: Despite the very high PFAA concentrations at the perfluorochemical hotspot, correlations with reproductive parameters were limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thimo Groffen
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicologal Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Robin Lasters
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicologal Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Ana Lopez-Antia
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group (BECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Els Prinsen
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Lieven Bervoets
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicologal Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Marcel Eens
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group (BECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|