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Hu H, Meng J, Zheng H, Cai H, Wang M, Luo Z, E Y, Li C, Wu Q, Yan Z, Lei Y. Relief effect of biochar on continuous cropping of tobacco through the reduction of p-hydroxybenzoic acid in soil. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33011. [PMID: 38994090 PMCID: PMC11238006 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Biochar application to soil has proven to be an excellent approach for decreasing the concentration of auto-toxic compounds and promoting plant growth in continuous-cropping fields. However, the mechanisms underlying the action pathway among biochars, auto-toxic compounds and tobacco remain unknown. In this study, we conducted an experiment tracking the incidence rate of black rot and auto-toxic compounds for a 3-year continuous-cropping tobacco pot trial in response to biochar treatment intensity compared with that of non-biochar treatment. Biochar inhibited the incidence of black rot. Using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC‒MS/MS), we revealed that biochar can effectively decrease the concentration of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHA), which is associated with the incidence rate of black rot (R2 = 0.890, p < 0.05). The sorption kinetics and isotherm of PHA sorption on biochar indicate that the coexistence of heterogeneous and monolayer sorption plays an important role in the adsorption process. Using Molecular dynamics (MD), Density functional theory (DFT) and Independent gradient model (IGM) analyses, we provide evidence that van der Waals force (vdW), π-π bonds and H-bonds between biochar and PHAs are the dominant factors that affect adsorption capacity. Moreover, the molecular adsorption rate (Nbiochar: NPHAs = 1:4) was theoretically calculated. In contrast, biochar dramatically increased nutrient retention capacity and improved soil properties, further enhancing tobacco quality, including its agronomic and physiological traits. Therefore, we considered that biochar not only relieved continuous cropping but also improved soil properties suitable for tobacco growth. Together, we demonstrate that the action of biochar in continuously cropped soil improves soil traits and alleviates auto-toxic compound toxicity. These data contribute to the direction of modified biochar application to improve continuous-cropping soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Hu
- Bijie Tobacco Company of Guizhou Province, Bijie, Guizhou, 551700, PR China
- Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi, 863002, PR China
| | - Jun Meng
- National Biochar Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, PR China
| | - Huan Zheng
- Bijie Tobacco Company of Guizhou Province, Bijie, Guizhou, 551700, PR China
| | - Heqing Cai
- Bijie Tobacco Company of Guizhou Province, Bijie, Guizhou, 551700, PR China
| | - Maoxian Wang
- Bijie Tobacco Company of Guizhou Province, Bijie, Guizhou, 551700, PR China
| | - Zhenbao Luo
- Bijie Tobacco Company of Guizhou Province, Bijie, Guizhou, 551700, PR China
| | - Yang E
- Bijie Tobacco Company of Guizhou Province, Bijie, Guizhou, 551700, PR China
- National Biochar Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, PR China
| | - Caibin Li
- Bijie Tobacco Company of Guizhou Province, Bijie, Guizhou, 551700, PR China
| | - Qiaoxue Wu
- Bijie Tobacco Company of Guizhou Province, Bijie, Guizhou, 551700, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Yan
- Guizhou Rice Research Institute, Guiyang, 550016, PR China
| | - Yue Lei
- Guizhou Rice Research Institute, Guiyang, 550016, PR China
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Gao J, Ge S, Wang H, Fang Y, Sun L, He T, Cheng X, Wang D, Zhou X, Cai H, Li C, Liu Y, E Y, Meng J, Chen W. Biochar-extracted liquor stimulates nitrogen related gene expression on improving nitrogen utilization in rice seedling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1131937. [PMID: 37404536 PMCID: PMC10317180 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1131937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Biochar has been shown to be an effective soil amendment for promoting plant growth and improving nitrogen (N) utilization. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms behind such stimulation remain unclear. Methods In this study, we investigated whether biochar-extracted liquor including 21 organic molecules enhance the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of rice plants using two N forms (NH4 +-N and NO3 --N). A hydroponic experiment was conducted, and biochar-extracted liquor (between 1 and 3% by weight) was applied to rice seedlings. Results The results showed that biochar-extracted liquor significantly improved phenotypic and physiological traits of rice seedlings. Biochar-extracted liquor dramatically upregulated the expression of rice N metabolism-related genes such as OsAMT1.1, OsGS1.1, and OsGS2. Rice seedlings preferentially absorbed NH4 +-N than NO3 --N (p < 0.05), and the uptake of NH4 +-N by rice seedlings was significantly increased by 33.60% under the treatment of biochar-extracted liquor. The results from molecular docking showed that OsAMT1.1protein can theoretically interact with 2-Acetyl-5-methylfuran, trans-2,4-Dimethylthiane, S, S-dioxide, 2,2-Diethylacetamide, and 1,2-Dimethylaziridine in the biochar-extracted liquor. These four organic compounds have similar biological function as the OsAMT1.1 protein ligand in driving NH4 +-N uptakes by rice plants. Discussion This study highlights the importance of biochar-extracted liquor in promoting plant growth and NUE. The use of low doses of biochar-extracted liquor could be an important way to reduce N input in order to achieve the purpose of reducing fertilizer use and increasing efficiency in agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- National Biochar Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang, China
| | - Shaohua Ge
- National Biochar Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yunying Fang
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Luming Sun
- National Biochar Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianyi He
- National Biochar Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyi Cheng
- National Biochar Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Wang
- National Biochar Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuanwei Zhou
- National Biochar Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang, China
| | - Heqing Cai
- Bijie Tobacco Company of Guizhou Province, Bijie, China
| | - Caibin Li
- Bijie Tobacco Company of Guizhou Province, Bijie, China
| | - Yanxiang Liu
- Bijie Tobacco Company of Guizhou Province, Bijie, China
| | - Yang E
- National Biochar Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Meng
- National Biochar Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenfu Chen
- National Biochar Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang, China
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Li J, Yu Y, Chen X, Yu S, Cui M, Wang S, Song F. Effects of biochar on the phytotoxicity of polyvinyl chloride microplastics. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 195:228-237. [PMID: 36645927 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polyvinyl chloride microplastics (PVC-MPs) are toxic to crops, resulting in economic losses during agricultural production. Owing to its strong adsorption capacity, biochar can effectively remove MPs from water. It is presumed that biochar can alleviate the phytotoxicity of PVC-MPs. To verify this hypothesis, the effects of different concentrations of corncob biochar (CCBC) on the phytotoxicity of PVC-MPs were investigated using hydroponic experiments. The results showed that PVC-MPs attached to lettuce roots substantially inhibited the growth and quality of lettuce. The tested CCBC adsorbed the PVC-MPs. At appropriate concentrations, CCBC alleviated the inhibitory effect of PVC-MPs on lettuce yield; however, it decreased some quality indicators. The single PVC-MPs induced oxidative damage to lettuce, as demonstrated by the increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Addition of CCBC considerably decreased the contents of H2O2 and MDA in the lettuce shoots but increased the H2O2 content in the roots. These findings indicate that CCBC may alleviate the adverse effects caused by PVC-MPs to the lettuce shoots but aggravate the toxic effects on the lettuce roots. This study provides a basis for understanding the removal of the phytotoxicity of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China.
| | - Yufei Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
| | - Xuehai Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
| | - Songguo Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
| | - Min Cui
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
| | - Shengsen Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
| | - Fanhao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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Martínez-Gómez Á, Poveda J, Escobar C. Overview of the use of biochar from main cereals to stimulate plant growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:912264. [PMID: 35982693 PMCID: PMC9378993 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.912264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The total global food demand is expected to increase up to 50% between 2010 and 2050; hence, there is a clear need to increase plant productivity with little or no damage to the environment. In this respect, biochar is a carbon-rich material derived from the pyrolysis of organic matter at high temperatures with a limited oxygen supply, with different physicochemical characteristics that depend on the feedstock and pyrolysis conditions. When used as a soil amendment, it has shown many positive environmental effects such as carbon sequestration, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and soil improvement. Biochar application has also shown huge benefits when applied to agri-systems, among them, the improvement of plant growth either in optimal conditions or under abiotic or biotic stress. Several mechanisms, such as enhancing the soil microbial diversity and thus increasing soil nutrient-cycling functions, improving soil physicochemical properties, stimulating the microbial colonization, or increasing soil P, K, or N content, have been described to exert these positive effects on plant growth, either alone or in combination with other resources. In addition, it can also improve the plant antioxidant defenses, an evident advantage for plant growth under stress conditions. Although agricultural residues are generated from a wide variety of crops, cereals account for more than half of the world's harvested area. Yet, in this review, we will focus on biochar obtained from residues of the most common and relevant cereal crops in terms of global production (rice, wheat, maize, and barley) and in their use as recycled residues to stimulate plant growth. The harvesting and processing of these crops generate a vast number and variety of residues that could be locally recycled into valuable products such as biochar, reducing the waste management problem and accomplishing the circular economy premise. However, very scarce literature focused on the use of biochar from a crop to improve its own growth is available. Herein, we present an overview of the literature focused on this topic, compiling most of the studies and discussing the urgent need to deepen into the molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in the beneficial effects of biochar on plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Martínez-Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jorge Poveda
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Han T, Shen J, Dai C, Li Y, Zhou J, Li X, Sun Z, Mi Z, Miao X. Biochar-Stimulated Pumpkin Performance Under Cadmium Stress Is Strongly Linked to Metabolite Pattern. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 108:1132-1138. [PMID: 35577927 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, pumpkin seedlings were subjected to cadmium stress (100 mg/L cadmium ion solution, 10 days) without or with wheat straw biochar at different concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% w/v). As the biochar concentration increased, the amount of cadmium accumulated in the root and stem of pumpkin seedlings decreased and the fresh weight of root, stem and leaf increased. The highest cadmium concentration was in the root, followed by the stem and then the leaf. 1% and 2% biochar treatments reduced the oxidative stress of cadmium to seedlings, and added the contents of fatty acid, carbohydrate, amino acid and indoleacetic acid in the root. With the increase of biochar concentration, the metabolites promoting root growth increased. These results provide new information about how biochar alleviates cadmium stress by affecting the metabolic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Han
- Postdoctoral Research Station, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Postdoctoral Research Base, Postdoctoral Innovation & Practice Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jun Shen
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Chunying Dai
- Autobio Diagnostics CO., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450016, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Junguo Zhou
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xinzheng Li
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhaorong Mi
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Xinyu Miao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.
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Liu M, Lin Z, Ke X, Fan X, Joseph S, Taherymoosavi S, Liu X, Bian R, Solaiman ZM, Li L, Pan G. Rice Seedling Growth Promotion by Biochar Varies With Genotypes and Application Dosages. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:580462. [PMID: 34234791 PMCID: PMC8256797 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.580462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
While biochar use in agriculture is widely advocated, how the effect of biochar on plant growth varies with biochar forms and crop genotypes is poorly addressed. The role of dissolvable organic matter (DOM) in plant growth has been increasingly addressed for crop production with biochar. In this study, a hydroponic culture of rice seedling growth of two cultivars was treated with bulk mass (DOM-containing), water extract (DOM only), and extracted residue (DOM-free) of maize residue biochar, at a volumetric dosage of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1%, respectively. On seedling root growth of the two cultivars, bulk biochar exerted a generally negative effect, while the biochar extract had a consistently positive effect across the application dosages. Differently, the extracted biochar showed a contrasting effect between genotypes. In another hydroponic culture with Wuyunjing 7 treated with biochar extract at sequential dosages, seedling growth was promoted by 95% at 0.01% dosage but by 26% at 0.1% dosage, explained with the great promotion of secondary roots rather than of primary roots. Such effects were likely explained by low molecular weight organic acids and nanoparticles contained in the biochar DOM. This study highlights the importance of biochar DOM and crop genotype when evaluating the effect of biochar on plants. The use of low dosage of biochar DOM could help farmers to adopt biochar technology as a solution for agricultural sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglong Liu
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- School of Agriculture and Environment, UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Zhi Lin
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianlin Ke
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaorong Fan
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Stephen Joseph
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarasadat Taherymoosavi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongjun Bian
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zakaria M. Solaiman
- School of Agriculture and Environment, UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lianqing Li
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Genxing Pan
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Feng L, Xu W, Tang G, Gu M, Geng Z. Biochar induced improvement in root system architecture enhances nutrient assimilation by cotton plant seedlings. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:269. [PMID: 34116636 PMCID: PMC8194105 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Raising nitrogen use efficiency of crops by improving root system architecture is highly essential not only to reduce costs of agricultural production but also to mitigate climate change. The physiological mechanisms of how biochar affects nitrogen assimilation by crop seedlings have not been well elucidated. RESULTS Here, we report changes in root system architecture, activities of the key enzymes involved in nitrogen assimilation, and cytokinin (CTK) at the seedling stage of cotton with reduced urea usage and biochar application at different soil layers (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm). Active root absorption area, fresh weight, and nitrogen agronomic efficiency increased significantly when urea usage was reduced by 25% and biochar was applied in the surface soil layer. Glutamine oxoglutarate amino transferase (GOGAT) activity was closely related to the application depth of urea/biochar, and it increased when urea/biochar was applied in the 0-10 cm layer. Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity (GPT) increased significantly as well. Nitrate reductase (NR) activity was stimulated by CTK in the very fine roots but inhibited in the fine roots. In addition, AMT1;1, gdh3, and gdh2 were significantly up-regulated in the very fine roots when urea usage was reduced by 25% and biochar was applied. CONCLUSION Nitrogen assimilation efficiency was significantly affected when urea usage was reduced by 25% and biochar was applied in the surface soil layer at the seedling stage of cotton. The co-expression of gdh3 and gdh2 in the fine roots increased nitrogen agronomic efficiency. The synergistic expression of the ammonium transporter gene and gdh3 suggests that biochar may be beneficial to amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 China
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Water Conservation, Urumqi, 830092 China
| | - Wanli Xu
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Water Conservation, Urumqi, 830092 China
| | - Guangmu Tang
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Water Conservation, Urumqi, 830092 China
| | - Meiying Gu
- Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Microbial Application, Urumqi, 830091 China
| | - Zengchao Geng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 China
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Insights on Molecular Characteristics of Hydrochars by 13C-NMR and Off-Line TMAH-GC/MS and Assessment of Their Potential Use as Plant Growth Promoters. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041026. [PMID: 33672045 PMCID: PMC7919478 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrochar is a carbon-based material that can be used as soil amendment. Since the physical-chemical properties of hydrochar are mainly assigned to process parameters, we aimed at evaluating the organic fraction of different hydrochars through 13C-NMR and off-line TMAH-GC/MS. Four hydrochars produced with sugarcane bagasse, vinasse and sulfuric or phosphoric acids were analyzed to elucidate the main molecular features. Germination and initial growth of maize seedlings were assessed using hydrochar water-soluble fraction to evaluate their potential use as growth promoters. The hydrochars prepared with phosphoric acid showed larger amounts of bioavailable lignin-derived structures. Although no differences were shown about the percentage of maize seeds germination, the hydrochar produced with phosphoric acid promoted a better seedling growth. For this sample, the greatest relative percentage of benzene derivatives and phenolic compounds were associated to hormone-like effects, responsible for stimulating shoot and root elongation. The reactions parameters proved to be determinant for the organic composition of hydrochar, exerting a strict influence on molecular features and plant growth response.
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E Y, Meng J, Cai H, Li C, Liu S, Sun L, Liu Y. Effect of Biochar on the Production of L-Histidine From Glucose Through Escherichia coli Metabolism. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:605096. [PMID: 33490052 PMCID: PMC7818517 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.605096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The organic compounds from biochar play a role of hormone analogs, stimulating the expression of metabolites by controlling related gene and protein. In this experiment, we reported the L-histidine biosysthesis was promoted by biochar treatment in E. coli unlike genetic engineering of the traditional method. The related results indicated the most optimal concentration was found to be 3%, and 7% is the lethal dose. E. coli was inhibited in the high-concentration treatment. On the other hand, docking technology was usually used as drug screening, basing on Lock-and-key model of protein in order to better understand mechanisms. So the organic compounds of biochar from GC-MS analysis that acted as ligands were connected to HisG protein controlling L-histidine biosysthesis in E. coli. The result showed that the three organic molecules interacted with HisG protein by hydrogen bond. So we considered that these three compounds play regulatory roles in L-histidine biosysthesis, and the hisG gene expression fully supports this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang E
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Meng
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Heqing Cai
- Guizhou Tobacco Company in Bijie Company, Bijie, China
| | - Caibin Li
- Guizhou Tobacco Company in Bijie Company, Bijie, China
| | - Sainan Liu
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Luming Sun
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanxiang Liu
- Guizhou Tobacco Company in Bijie Company, Bijie, China
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10
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Chu Q, Xue L, Wang B, Li D, He H, Feng Y, Han L, Yang L, Xing B. Insights into the molecular transformation in the dissolved organic compounds of agro-waste-hydrochars by microbial-aging using electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124411. [PMID: 33246237 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrochars-based dissolved organic matters (DOM) are easily available to organisms and thus have important influence on the biota once applying hydrochars as environment amendment. Thus, positive modifications on molecular composition of DOM is indispensable before hydrochars application. In this study, the impacts of microbial-aging by anaerobic fermentation on DOM of agro-waste-hydrochars was systematically assessed. Results revealed that microbial-aging caused lower DOM release but higher DOM molecular diversity. Moreover, microbial-aging resulted in the production of more biodegradable compounds, including lipids and proteins, and reduced the aromaticity of DOM. The highly oxygenated molecules (O/C > 0.6) were shifted into lower-order ones in the hydrochars-based DOM, suggesting the transformation of hydrophilic compounds into hydrophobic ones. Additionally, microbial-aging promoted the degradation of phenols by 99.0-98.9%, phenolic acids 37.8-73.5%, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by 83.4-90.4% in hydrochar-based DOM. Overall, this study demonstrates that microbial-aging changes the molecular characteristics of hydrochars-based DOM in a positive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingnan Chu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain and Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated farming of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Lihong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain and Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated farming of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Bingyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Detian Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain and Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated farming of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Huayong He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain and Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated farming of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yanfang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain and Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated farming of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China; Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Lanfang Han
- Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Linzhang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain and Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated farming of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Pastor-Bueis R, Sánchez-Cañizares C, James EK, González-Andrés F. Formulation of a Highly Effective Inoculant for Common Bean Based on an Autochthonous Elite Strain of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli, and Genomic-Based Insights Into Its Agronomic Performance. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2724. [PMID: 31920999 PMCID: PMC6927923 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Common bean is a poor symbiotic N-fixer, with a low response to inoculation owing to its promiscuous nodulation with competitive but inefficient resident rhizobia. Consequently, farmers prefer to fertilize them rather than rely on their capacity for Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF). However, when rhizobial inoculants are based on autochthonous strains, they often have superior BNF performance in the field due to their genetic adaptations to the local environment. Nevertheless, there is scant information at the genomic level explaining their superiority or on how their genomes may influence the inoculant performance. This information is especially important in technologically advanced agri-systems like Europe, where environmental concerns and increasingly stringent fertilizer regulations are encouraging a return to the use of rhizobial inoculants, but based upon strains that have been thoroughly characterized in terms of their symbiotic performance and their genetics. The aim of this study was to design an inoculant formulation based on a superior autochthonous strain, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli LCS0306, to assess its performance in the field, and to determine the genomic features contributing to the high effectiveness of its symbiosis with common bean. Plants inoculated with the autochthonous strain LCS0306 fixed significantly more nitrogen than those with the allochthonous strains R. phaseoli ATCC 14482T and R. etli CFN42T, and had grain yield similar to the nitrogen-fertilized controls. Inoculation with LCS0306 was particularly efficacious when formulated with a carrier based upon a mixture of perlite and biochar. Whole genome comparisons revealed no differences in the classical symbiotic genes of strain LCS0306 within the symbiovar phaseoli. However, its symbiotic superior performance might be due to its genomic versatility, as it harbors a large assortment of genes contributing to fitness and competitiveness. It is concluded that inoculation with elite rhizobia formulated with perlite-biochar carriers might constitute a step-change in the sustainable cultivation of common bean in Spanish soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Pastor-Bueis
- Institute of Environment, Natural Resources and Biodiversity, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | | | - Euan K James
- The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
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