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Zhang L, Cui Y, Xu J, Qian J, Yang X, Chen X, Zhang C, Gao P. Ecotoxicity and trophic transfer of metallic nanomaterials in aquatic ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171660. [PMID: 38490428 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Metallic nanomaterials (MNMs) possess unique properties that have led to their widespread application in fields such as electronics and medicine. However, concerns about their interactions with environmental factors and potential toxicity to aquatic life have emerged. There is growing evidence suggesting MNMs can have detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems, and are potential for bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the food chain, posing risks to higher trophic levels and potentially humans. While many studies have focused on the general ecotoxicity of MNMs, fewer have delved into their trophic transfer within aquatic food chains. This review highlights the ecotoxicological effects of MNMs on aquatic systems via waterborne exposure or dietary exposure, emphasizing their accumulation and transformation across the food web. Biomagnification factor (BMF), the ratio of the contaminant concentration in predator to that in prey, was used to evaluate the biomagnification due to the complex nature of aquatic food chains. However, most current studies have BMF values of less than 1 indicating no biomagnification. Factors influencing MNM toxicity in aquatic environments include nanomaterial properties, ion variations, light, dissolved oxygen, and pH. The multifaceted interactions of these variables with MNM toxicity remain to be fully elucidated. We conclude with recommendations for future research directions to mitigate the adverse effects of MNMs in aquatic ecosystems and advocate for a cautious approach to the production and application of MNMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Zhang
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yifei Cui
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jingran Qian
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoni Chen
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
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Yen H, Huang CW, Wu CH, Liao VHC. Life cycle exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2-NPs) induces filial toxicity and population decline in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33159-3. [PMID: 38635093 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2-NP) exposure has raised significant concern due to their potential toxicity and adverse ecological impacts. Despite their ubiquitous presence in various environmental compartments, the long-term consequences of TiO2-NPs remain poorly understood. In this study, we combined data of in vivo toxicity and modeling to investigate the potential negative impacts of TiO2-NP exposure. We employed the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, an environmental organism, to conduct a full life cycle TiO2-NP toxicity assays. Moreover, to assess the potential impact of TiO2-NP toxicity on population dynamics, we applied a stage-constructed matrix population model (MPM). Results showed that TiO2-NPs caused significant reductions in reproduction, survival, and growth of parental C. elegans (P0) at the examined concentrations. Moreover, these toxic effects were even more pronounced in the subsequent generation (F1) when exposed to TiO2-NPs. Furthermore, parental TiO2-NP exposure resulted in significant toxicity in non-exposed C. elegans progeny (TiO2-NPs free), adversely affecting their reproduction, survival, and growth. MPM analysis revealed decreased transition probabilities of surviving (Pi), growth (Gi), and fertility (Fi) in scenarios with TiO2-NP exposure. Additionally, the population growth rate (λmax) was found to be less than 1 in both P0 and F1, indicating a declining population trend after successive generations. Sensitivity analysis pinpointed L1 larvae as the most vulnerable stage, significantly contributing to the observed population decline in both P0 and F1 generations under TiO2-NP exposure. Our findings provide insight into the potential risk of an environmental organism like nematode by life cycle exposure to TiO2-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin Yen
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Huang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hou Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Vivian Hsiu-Chuan Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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Pecoraro R, Scalisi EM, Indelicato S, Contino M, Coco G, Stancanelli I, Capparucci F, Fiorenza R, Brundo MV. Toxicity of Titanium Dioxide-Cerium Oxide Nanocomposites to Zebrafish Embryos: A Preliminary Evaluation. TOXICS 2023; 11:994. [PMID: 38133395 PMCID: PMC10747588 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11120994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of metal nanoparticles in different fields has raised many doubts regarding their possible toxicity to living organisms and the accumulation and discharge of metals in fish species. Among these nanoparticles, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles have mainly been employed in photocatalysis and water depuration. The aim of this research was to evaluate the potential toxic effects, after a co-exposure of TiO2-3%CeO2 nanoparticles, on zebrafish development, using an acute toxicity test. Increasing concentrations of TiO2-3%CeO2 nanoparticles were used (0.1-1-10-20 mg/L). The heartbeat rate was assessed using DanioscopeTM software (version 1.2) (Noldus, Leesburg, VA, USA), and the responses to two biomarkers of exposure (Heat shock proteins-70 and Metallothioneins) were evaluated through immunofluorescence. Our results showed that the co-exposure to TiO2-3%CeO2 nanoparticles did not affect the embryos' development compared to the control group; a significant difference (p < 0.05) at 48 hpf heartbeat for the 1, 10, and 20 mg/L groups was found compared to the unexposed group. A statistically significant response (p < 0.05) to Heat shock proteins-70 (Hsp70) was shown for the 0.1 and 1 mg/L groups, while no positivity was observed in all the exposed groups for Metallothioneins (MTs). These results suggest that TiO2-3%CeO2 nanocomposites do not induce developmental toxicity; instead, when considered separately, TiO2 and CeO2 NPs are harmful to zebrafish embryos, as previously shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Pecoraro
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy; (E.M.S.); (S.I.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (I.S.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Elena Maria Scalisi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy; (E.M.S.); (S.I.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (I.S.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Stefania Indelicato
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy; (E.M.S.); (S.I.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (I.S.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Martina Contino
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy; (E.M.S.); (S.I.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (I.S.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Giuliana Coco
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy; (E.M.S.); (S.I.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (I.S.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Ilenia Stancanelli
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy; (E.M.S.); (S.I.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (I.S.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Fabiano Capparucci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Via F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Roberto Fiorenza
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Maria Violetta Brundo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy; (E.M.S.); (S.I.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (I.S.); (M.V.B.)
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Keller AA. Nanomaterials in sunscreens: Potential human and ecological health implications. Int J Cosmet Sci 2023; 45 Suppl 1:127-140. [PMID: 37799081 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic nanomaterials such as TiO2 and ZnO provide significant benefits in terms of UV protection, and their use generally has increased in commercial sunscreens. However, more recently there have been concerns about their potential human and ecological health implications, mostly driven by perception rather than by formal assessments. The large and increasing body of literature on these nanomaterials indicates that in most circumstances their risk are minimal. Penetration of the human epidermis is minimal for these nanomaterials, significantly reducing the potential effects that these nanomaterials may pose to internal organs. The excess Zn ion dose is very small compared to normal dietary consumption of Zn, which is a necessary element. The levels of residual nanomaterials or released ions in public swimming pools is also low, with minimal effect in case this water is ingested during swimming or bathing. In natural environments with significant water flow due to wind and water currents, the concentrations of nanomaterials and released ions are generally well below levels that would cause effects in aquatic organisms. However, sensitive habitats with slow currents, such as coral reefs, may accumulate these nanomaterials. The number of studies of the levels and effects of nanomaterials in these sensitive habitats is very small; more research is needed to determine if there is an elevated risk to these ecosystems from the use of sunscreens with these nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo A Keller
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
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Mendoza-Villa F, Checca-Huaman NR, Ramos-Guivar JA. Ecotoxicological Properties of Titanium Dioxide Nanomorphologies in Daphnia magna. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13050927. [PMID: 36903805 PMCID: PMC10005163 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the structural, vibrational, morphological, and colloidal properties of commercial 15.1 nm TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and nanowires (NWs, 5.6 thickness, 74.6 nm length) were studied with the purpose of determining their ecotoxicological properties. This was achieved by evaluating acute ecotoxicity experiments carried out in the environmental bioindicator Daphnia magna, where their 24-h lethal concentration (LC50) and morphological changes were evaluated using a TiO2 suspension (pH = 7) with point of zero charge at 6.5 for TiO2 NPs (hydrodynamic diameter of 130 nm) and 5.3 for TiO2 NWs (hydrodynamic diameter of 118 nm). Their LC50 values were 157 and 166 mg L-1 for TiO2 NWs and TiO2 NPs, respectively. The reproduction rate of D. magna after fifteen days of exposure to TiO2 nanomorphologies was delayed (0 pups for TiO2 NWs and 45 neonates for TiO2 NPs) in comparison with the negative control (104 pups). From the morphological experiments, we may conclude that the harmful effects of TiO2 NWs are more severe than those of 100% anatase TiO2 NPs, likely associated with brookite (36.5 wt. %) and protonic trititanate (63.5 wt. %) presented in TiO2 NWs according to Rietveld quantitative phase analysis. Specifically, significant change in the heart morphological parameter was observed. In addition, the structural and morphological properties of TiO2 nanomorphologies were investigated using X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy techniques to confirm the physicochemical properties after the ecotoxicological experiments. The results reveal that no alteration in the chemical structure, size (16.5 nm for TiO2 NPs and 6.6 thickness and 79.2 nm length for NWs), and composition occurred. Hence, both TiO2 samples can be stored and reused for future environmental purposes, e.g., water nanoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Mendoza-Villa
- Grupo de Investigación de Nanotecnología Aplicada para Biorremediación Ambiental, Energía, Biomedicina y Agricultura (NANOTECH), Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 15081, Peru
| | - Noemi-Raquel Checca-Huaman
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), R. Xavier Sigaud, 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-180, Brazil
| | - Juan A. Ramos-Guivar
- Grupo de Investigación de Nanotecnología Aplicada para Biorremediación Ambiental, Energía, Biomedicina y Agricultura (NANOTECH), Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 15081, Peru
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De Felice B, Sugni M, Casati L, Parolini M. Molecular, biochemical and behavioral responses of Daphnia magna under long-term exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 164:107264. [PMID: 35489111 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence and potential toxicity of nanoplastics (NPs) in aquatic ecosystems is an issue of growing concern. Although many studies have investigated the adverse effects of short-term exposure to high concentrations of NPs to aquatic organisms, the information on the consequences caused by the administration of low NPs concentrations over long-term exposure is limited. The present study aimed at investigating the effects induced by a long-term exposure (21-days) to two sub-lethal concentrations of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs; 0.05 and 0.5 µg/mL) on Daphnia magna. A multi-level approach was performed to assess potential sub-individual (i.e., molecular and biochemical) and individual (i.e., behavioural) adverse effects. At molecular level, the modulation of the expression of genes involved in antioxidant defence, response to stressful conditions and specific physiological pathways was investigated. Oxidative stress (i.e., the amount of pro-oxidants, the activity of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes and lipid peroxidation) and energetic (i.e., protein, carbohydrate, lipid and total caloric content) biomarkers were applied to assess effects at the biochemical level, while swimming activity was measured to monitor changes in individual behavior. Although the 21-days exposure to PS-NPs induced a slight modulation of gene involved in oxidative stress response, biochemical analyses showed that D. magna individuals did not experience an oxidative stress condition. Significant changes in energy reserves of individuals exposed for 21 days to both the PS-NPs concentrations were observed, but no alterations of swimming activity occurred. Our results highlighted that the exposure to low concentrations of PS-NPs could pose a limited risk to D. magna individuals and suggested the importance of a multi-level approach to assess the risks of NPs on aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice De Felice
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Sugni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lavinia Casati
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via di Rudinì, 8 - ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, I-20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Parolini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
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Lu Y, Zhang H, Wang H, Ma N, Sun T, Cui B. Humic acid mediated toxicity of faceted TiO 2 nanocrystals to Daphnia magna. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:126112. [PMID: 34492909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nano-bio interface is of great importance in dictating the interaction between the nanomaterials and biological system and thus the toxicity to aquatic organisms. Herein, two specific faceted TiO2 nanocrystals, {101} and {001} facet, were exposed to Daphnia magna to explore facet-dependent toxicological responses in aquatic environment. Due to the different influences on oxidative stress process, the half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) value of {001} TiO2 (1.27 g L-1) to D. magna was less than that of {101} TiO2 (1.68 g L-1). Suwannee river humic acid (SRHA) could significantly reduce the oxidative stress responses of TiO2 nanocrystals and thus alleviate their toxicities to D. magna in aquatic environment. The protective effect of SRHA against TiO2 toxicity exhibited a facet-dependent manner. Compared to {101} TiO2, a more obvious detoxification effect was observed for {001} TiO2. The high SRHA concentration could endow both faceted TiO2 nanocrystals with a similar toxicity due to the formation of SRHA-corona on TiO2 surface. This facet-affected toxicity of nanomaterials in aquatic environment would provide us new insights in predicting the exposure risk of nanomaterials in nature waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; School of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Hua Wang
- School of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Environmental and Ecological Technology for River Basins, Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Baoshan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Solano R, Patiño-Ruiz D, Tejeda-Benitez L, Herrera A. Metal- and metal/oxide-based engineered nanoparticles and nanostructures: a review on the applications, nanotoxicological effects, and risk control strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:16962-16981. [PMID: 33638785 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12996-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The production and demand of nanoparticles in the manufacturing sector and personal care products, release a large number of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) into the atmosphere, aquatic ecosystems, and terrestrial environments. The intentional or involuntary incorporation of ENPs into the environment is carried out through different processes. The ENPs are combined with other compounds and release into the atmosphere, settling on the ground due to the water cycle or other atmospheric phenomena. In the case of aquatic ecosystems, the ENPs undergo hetero-aggregation and sedimentation, reaching different living organisms and flora, as well as groundwater. Accordingly, the high mobility of ENPs in diverse ecosystems is strongly related to physical, chemical, and biological processes. Recent studies have been focused on the toxicological effects of a wide variety of ENPs using different validated biological models. This literature review emphasizes the study of toxicological effects related to using the most common ENPs, specifically metal and metal/oxides-based nanoparticles, addressing different synthesis methodologies, applications, and toxicological evaluations. The results suggest negative impacts on biological models, such as oxidative stress, metabolic and locomotive toxicity, DNA replication dysfunction, and bioaccumulation. Finally, it was consulted the protocols for the control of risks, following the assessment and management process, as well as the classification system for technological alternatives and risk management measures of ENPs, which are useful for the transfer of technology and nanoparticles commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Solano
- Engineering Doctorate Program, Nanomaterials and Computer-Aided Process Engineering Research Group, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, 130010, Colombia
| | - David Patiño-Ruiz
- Engineering Doctorate Program, Nanomaterials and Computer-Aided Process Engineering Research Group, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, 130010, Colombia
| | - Lesly Tejeda-Benitez
- Chemical Engineering Program, Process Design and Biomass Utilization Research Group, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, 130010, Colombia
| | - Adriana Herrera
- Engineering Doctorate Program, Nanomaterials and Computer-Aided Process Engineering Research Group, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, 130010, Colombia.
- Chemical Engineering Program, Nanomaterials and Computer-Aided Process Engineering Research Group, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, 130010, Colombia.
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Luo Z, Li Z, Xie Z, Sokolova IM, Song L, Peijnenburg WJGM, Hu M, Wang Y. Rethinking Nano-TiO 2 Safety: Overview of Toxic Effects in Humans and Aquatic Animals. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2002019. [PMID: 32761797 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2 ) are widely used in consumer products, raising environmental and health concerns. An overview of the toxic effects of nano-TiO2 on human and environmental health is provided. A meta-analysis is conducted to analyze the toxicity of nano-TiO2 to the liver, circulatory system, and DNA in humans. To assess the environmental impacts of nano-TiO2 , aquatic environments that receive high nano-TiO2 inputs are focused on, and the toxicity of nano-TiO2 to aquatic organisms is discussed with regard to the present and predicted environmental concentrations. Genotoxicity, damage to membranes, inflammation and oxidative stress emerge as the main mechanisms of nano-TiO2 toxicity. Furthermore, nano-TiO2 can bind with free radicals and signal molecules, and interfere with the biochemical reactions on plasmalemma. At the higher organizational level, nano-TiO2 toxicity is manifested as the negative effects on fitness-related organismal traits including feeding, reproduction and immunity in aquatic organisms. Bibliometric analysis reveals two major research hot spots including the molecular mechanisms of toxicity of nano-TiO2 and the combined effects of nano-TiO2 and other environmental factors such as light and pH. The possible measures to reduce the harmful effects of nano-TiO2 on humans and non-target organisms has emerged as an underexplored topic requiring further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Luo
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhuoqing Li
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhe Xie
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Inna M Sokolova
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, 18051, Germany
- Department of Maritime Systems, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, 18051, Germany
| | - Lan Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, Leiden, RA, 2300, The Netherlands
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Safety of Substances and Products, P.O. Box 1, Bilthoven, BA, 3720, The Netherlands
| | - Menghong Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
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Zahra Z, Habib Z, Chung S, Badshah MA. Exposure Route of TiO 2 NPs from Industrial Applications to Wastewater Treatment and Their Impacts on the Agro-Environment. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1469. [PMID: 32727126 PMCID: PMC7466468 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The tremendous increase in the production and consumption of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) in numerous industrial products and applications has augmented the need to understand their role in wastewater treatment technologies. Likewise, the deleterious effects of wastewater on the environment and natural resources have compelled researchers to find out most suitable, economical and environment friendly approaches for its treatment. In this context, the use of TiO2 NPs as the representative of photocatalytic technology for industrial wastewater treatment is coming to the horizon. For centuries, the use of industrial wastewater to feed agriculture land has been a common practice across the globe and the sewage sludge generated from wastewater treatment plants is also used as fertilizer in agricultural soils. Therefore, it is necessary to be aware of possible exposure pathways of these NPs, especially in the perspective of wastewater treatment and their impacts on the agro-environment. This review highlights the potential exposure route of TiO2 NPs from industrial applications to wastewater treatment and its impacts on the agro-environment. Key elements of the review present the recent developments of TiO2 NPs in two main sectors including wastewater treatment and the agro-environment along with their potential exposure pathways. Furthermore, the direct exposure routes of these NPs from production to end-user consumption until their end phase needs to be studied in detail and optimization of their suitable applications and controlled use to ensure environmental safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Zahra
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Zunaira Habib
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Sujin Chung
- Plamica Labs, Batten Hall, 125 Western Ave, Allston, MA 02163, USA;
| | - Mohsin Ali Badshah
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
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