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Alur A, Phillips J, Xu D. Effects of hexavalent chromium on mitochondria and their implications in carcinogenesis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2024; 42:109-125. [PMID: 38230947 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2024.2301899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a well-known occupational and environmental human carcinogen. The cellular effect of Cr(VI) is complex and often nonspecific due to its ability to modulate multiple cellular targets. The toxicity of Cr(VI) is strongly linked to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during its reduction process. ROS can cause oxidation of cellular macromolecules, such as proteins, lipids, and DNA, thereby altering their functions. A major genotoxic effect of Cr(VI) that contributes to carcinogenesis is the formation of DNA adducts, which can lead to DNA damage. Modulations of cellular signaling pathways and epigenetics may also contribute to the carcinogenic effects of Cr(VI). Cr(VI) has a major impact on many aspects of mitochondrial biology, including oxidative phosphorylation, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. These effects have the potential to alter the trajectory of Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenic process. This perspective article summarizes current understandings of the effect of Cr(VI) on mitochondria and discusses the future directions of research in this area, particularly with regard to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Alur
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - John Phillips
- Department of Urology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Dazhong Xu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, USA
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Korotkov SM. Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Is the General Reason for Apoptosis Induced by Different-Valence Heavy Metals in Cells and Mitochondria. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14459. [PMID: 37833908 PMCID: PMC10572412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review analyzes the causes and consequences of apoptosis resulting from oxidative stress that occurs in mitochondria and cells exposed to the toxic effects of different-valence heavy metals (Ag+, Tl+, Hg2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Al3+, Ga3+, In3+, As3+, Sb3+, Cr6+, and U6+). The problems of the relationship between the integration of these toxic metals into molecular mechanisms with the subsequent development of pathophysiological processes and the appearance of diseases caused by the accumulation of these metals in the body are also addressed in this review. Such apoptosis is characterized by a reduction in cell viability, the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, the expression of pro-apoptotic genes (Bax and Bcl-2), and the activation of protein kinases (ERK, JNK, p53, and p38) by mitogens. Moreover, the oxidative stress manifests as the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening, mitochondrial swelling, an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and H2O2, lipid peroxidation, cytochrome c release, a decline in the inner mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨmito), a decrease in ATP synthesis, and reduced glutathione and oxygen consumption as well as cytoplasm and matrix calcium overload due to Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The apoptosis and respiratory dysfunction induced by these metals are discussed regarding their interaction with cellular and mitochondrial thiol groups and Fe2+ metabolism disturbance. Similarities and differences in the toxic effects of Tl+ from those of other heavy metals under review are discussed. Similarities may be due to the increase in the cytoplasmic calcium concentration induced by Tl+ and these metals. One difference discussed is the failure to decrease Tl+ toxicity through metallothionein-dependent mechanisms. Another difference could be the decrease in reduced glutathione in the matrix due to the reversible oxidation of Tl+ to Tl3+ near the centers of ROS generation in the respiratory chain. The latter may explain why thallium toxicity to humans turned out to be higher than the toxicity of mercury, lead, cadmium, copper, and zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey M Korotkov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez pr. 44, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Iyer M, Anand U, Thiruvenkataswamy S, Babu HWS, Narayanasamy A, Prajapati VK, Tiwari CK, Gopalakrishnan AV, Bontempi E, Sonne C, Barceló D, Vellingiri B. A review of chromium (Cr) epigenetic toxicity and health hazards. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163483. [PMID: 37075992 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Carcinogenic metals affect a variety of cellular processes, causing oxidative stress and cancer. The widespread distribution of these metals caused by industrial, residential, agricultural, medical, and technical activities raises concern for adverse environmental and human health effects. Of these metals, chromium (Cr) and its derivatives, including Cr(VI)-induced, are of a public health concern as they cause DNA epigenetic alterations resulting in heritable changes in gene expression. Here, we review and discuss the role of Cr(VI) in epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, micro-RNA changes, biomarkers of exposure and toxicity, and highlight prevention and intervention strategies to protect susceptible populations from exposure and adverse occupational health effects. Cr(VI) is a ubiquitous toxin linked to cardiovascular, developmental, neurological, and endocrine diseases as well as immunologic disorders and a high number of cancer types in humans following inhalation and skin contact. Cr alters DNA methylation levels as well as global and gene-specific histone posttranslational modifications, emphasizing the importance of considering epigenetics as a possible mechanism underlying Cr(VI) toxicity and cell-transforming ability. Our review shows that determining the levels of Cr(VI) in occupational workers is a crucial first step in shielding health problems, including cancer and other disorders. More clinical and preventative measures are therefore needed to better understand the toxicity and safeguard employees against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore 641021, India
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Saranya Thiruvenkataswamy
- Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Zoology (PG-SF), PSG college of arts and science, Coimbatore 641014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Harysh Winster Suresh Babu
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arul Narayanasamy
- Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Chandan Kumar Tiwari
- Research and Development section, Carestream Health Inc., Oakdale, MN 55128, United States of America
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, Vellore 632 014, India
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, University of Brescia, via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Ecoscience, Arctic Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Damià Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, Girona 17003, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 1826, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, North block, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India.
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Meng F, Ke J, Guo F, Yan J, Wang L. DhHP-6 alleviates inflammation and reduces vascular permeability by eliminating reactive oxygen species. Free Radic Res 2023; 57:325-337. [PMID: 37533406 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2243030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a defensive immune response to external stimuli. However, uncontrolled inflammation may cause potential damage to the host. Therefore, timely control of uncontrolled inflammation is particularly important. Previous studies have found that small molecules with antioxidant activity, such as peroxidase mimic enzymes, can inhibit the development of inflammation. DhHP-6 is a new peptide mimic of peroxidase previously designed by our laboratory. Here, we explored its anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that treatment with DhHP-6 significantly reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), NO, IL-6, and TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS); in addition, it also blocked the phosphorylation of extracellularly regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and ribosomal s6 kinase 1 (RSK1), thereby blocking the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, and inhibiting the nuclear translocation of p65. Interestingly, treatment with DhHP-6 blocked the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) in HUVECs induced by LPS. Finally, we found that DhHP-6 treatment significantly reduced the infiltration of immune cells in balloon model rats. Therefore, we believe that DhHP-6 is a potent inhibitor of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanwei Meng
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Collaborative Innovation Center for Antibody Engineering, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Junfeng Ke
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaqing Yan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Qiu T, Wang H, Liu L, Chen J. Long-term exposure to azoxystrobin induces immunodeficiency in fish that are vulnerable to subsequent rhabdovirus infection. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 248:114331. [PMID: 36435002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Azoxystrobin (AZ) is one of the most widely used strobilurin fungicides in the world, and its residue has seriously endangered aquatic ecological security. Our previous data showed that AZ exposure may reduce the resistance of fish to rhabdovirus infection in aquatic environment. Here, we further reported a potential long-term adverse effect of AZ exposure on the antiviral and immunosuppressive recovery in fish, and observed that mitochondrial dynamic balance was disturbed by AZ in which excessive mitochondrial fission occurred in response to decreased ATP levels. When a recovery operation was performed in AZ-exposed cells and fish, infectivity of our model virus, spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV), was significantly decreased in vitro (using the epithelioma papulosum cyprini [EPC] fish cell line) and in vivo (using zebrafish) in a time-dependent manner. Also, the expression of eight innate antiviral immune genes (IFNs, ISG15, MX1, RIG-I, IRF3, Nrf2 and HO-1) showed a similar change to SVCV replication between the longer exposure period and the expression recovery. Additionally, AZ facilitated horizontal transmission of SVCV in a static cohabitation challenge model, predicting the increase of the potential for the viral outbreak. Therefore, our data suggest that long-term effect of AZ on irreparable impairment in fish made AZ residue potentially greater for ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China.
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China.
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6
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Characterization of the RAS/RAF/ERK Signal Cascade as a Novel Regulating Factor in Alpha-Amanitin-Induced Cytotoxicity in Huh-7 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012294. [PMID: 36293151 PMCID: PMC9603094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The well-known hepatotoxicity mechanism resulting from alpha-amanitin (α-AMA) exposure arises from RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) inhibition. RNAP Ⅱ inhibition occurs through the dysregulation of mRNA synthesis. However, the signaling pathways in hepatocytes that arise from α-AMA have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we identified that the RAS/RAF/ERK signaling pathway was activated through quantitative phosphoproteomic and molecular biological analyses in Huh-7 cells. Bioinformatics analysis showed that α-AMA exposure increased protein phosphorylation in a time-dependent α-AMA exposure. In addition, phosphorylation increased not only the components of the ERK signaling pathway but also U2AF65 and SPF45, known splicing factors. Therefore, we propose a novel mechanism of α-AMA as follows. The RAS/RAF/ERK signaling pathway involved in aberrant splicing events is activated by α-AMA exposure followed by aberrant splicing events leading to cell death in Huh-7 cells.
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7
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Mechanism of chromium-induced toxicity in lungs, liver, and kidney and their ameliorative agents. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113119. [PMID: 35613529 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal Chromium (Cr), can adversely affect humans and their health if accumulated in organs of the body, such as the lungs, liver, and kidneys. Cr (VI) is highly toxic and has a higher solubility in water than Cr (III). One of the most common routes for Cr exposure is through inhalation and is associated with liver, lung, kidney damage, widespread dermatitis, GI tract damage, human lung cancer, cardiomyopathies, and cardiovascular disease. The increase in ROS production has been attributed to most of the damage caused by Cr toxicity. Cr-induced ROS-mediated oxidative stress has been seen to cause a redox imbalance affecting the antioxidant system balance in the body. The Nrf2 pathway dysregulation has been implicated in the same. Deregulation of histone acetylation and methylation has been observed, together with gene methylation in genes such as p16, MGMT, APC, hMLH1, and also miR-143 repression. Several ultra-structural changes have been observed following Cr (VI)-toxicity, including rough ER dilation, alteration in the mitochondrial membrane and nuclear membrane, pycnotic nuclei formation, and cytoplasm vacuolization. A significant change was observed in the metabolism of lipid, glucose, and the metabolism of protein after exposure to Cr. Cr-toxicity also leads to immune system dysregulations with changes seen in the expression of IL-8, IL-4, IgM, lymphocytes, and leukocytes among others. P53, as well as pro-and anti-apoptotic proteins, are involved in apoptosis. These Cr-induced damages can be alleviated via agents that restore antioxidant balance, regulate Nrf-2 levels, or increase anti-apoptotic proteins while decreasing pro-apoptotic proteins.
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Regulation of Cr(VI)-Induced Premature Senescence in L02 Hepatocytes by ROS-Ca2+-NF-κB Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7295224. [PMID: 35222804 PMCID: PMC8881123 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7295224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stress-induced premature senescence may be involved in the pathogeneses of acute liver injury. Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], a common environmental pollutant related to liver injury, likely leads to premature senescence in L02 hepatocytes. However, the underlying mechanisms regarding hepatocyte premature senility in Cr(VI) exposure remain poorly understood. In this study, we found that chronic exposure of L02 hepatocytes to Cr(VI) led to premature senescence characterized by increased β-galactosidase activity, senescence-associated heterochromatin foci, G1 phase arrest, and decreased cell proliferation. Additionally, Cr(VI)-induced senescent L02 hepatocytes showed upregulated inflammation-related factors, such as IL-6 and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), which also exhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation derived from mitochondria accompanied with increased concentration of intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+) and activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Of note is that ROS inhibition by N-acetyl-Lcysteine pretreatment not only alleviated Cr(VI)-induced premature senescence but also reduced the elevated intracellular Ca2+, activated NF-κB, and secretion of IL-6/FGF23. Intriguingly, the toxic effect of Cr(VI) upon premature senescence of L02 hepatocytes and increased levels of IL-6/FGF23 could be partially reversed by the intracellular Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM pretreatment. Furthermore, by utilizing the NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), we confirmed that NF-κB mediated IL-6/FGF23 to regulate the Cr(VI)-induced L02 hepatocyte premature senescence, whilst the concentration of intracellular Ca2+ was not influenced by PDTC. To the best of our knowledge, our data reports for the first time the role of ROS-Ca2+-NF-κB signaling pathway in Cr(VI)-induced premature senescence. Our results collectively shed light on further exploration of innovative intervention strategies and treatment targeting Cr(VI)-induced chronic liver damage related to premature senescence.
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Sun S, Zhao Z, Rao Q, Li X, Ruan Z, Yang J. BDE-47 induces nephrotoxicity through ROS-dependent pathways of mitochondrial dynamics in PK15 cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112549. [PMID: 34325200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47)-induced nephrotoxicity is closely associated with oxidative stresses and mitochondrial abnormalities. Mitochondrial fusion and fission dynamics are crucial for maintaining mitochondrial and cellular physiological homeostasis. However, the detailed mechanisms through which BDE-47 disrupts this dynamic and contributes to renal injuries are still not fully understood. The porcine kidney-15 (PK15) cell line, a well-defined in vitro animal renal toxicological model, was exposed to BDE-47 with concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μM, respectively. Cell viability, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and the expression levels of key mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins were assessed. BDE-47 reduced cell viability and disrupted mitochondrial dynamics by inhibiting mitochondrial fusion and fission simultaneously, leading to MMP decreases, ROS overgeneration, ATP depletion, and cellular disintegration in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the mitochondrial division inhibitor (Mdivi-1) with the concentration of 20 μM observed to restore the downregulation of mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins, alleviate damages in mitochondrial morphology and functionality, correct ROS overproduction, and enable cell survival. The antioxidant N-acety-L-cysteine (NAC) with the concentration of 1 mM also simultaneously reversed the imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics, decreased ROS production, and restored mitochondrial morphology in PK15 cells exposed to BDE-47. Our data provide new insights indicating that BDE-47 disrupts mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics to induce mitochondrial abnormalities, triggering oxidative stresses and thus contributing to PK15 cell dysfunction. ROS-dependent pathways in mitochondrial dynamics may provide a new avenue for developing effective strategies to protect cells against BDE-47-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Sun
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Qinxiong Rao
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - XiaoMin Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zheng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Junhua Yang
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China.
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Liang N, Li S, Liang Y, Ma Y, Tang S, Ye S, Xiao F. Clusterin inhibits Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis via enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis through AKT-associated STAT3 activation in L02 hepatocytes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 221:112447. [PMID: 34175824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Improper treatment of a large amount of industrial waste makes hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] seriously pollute the atmosphere, soil and water, and enter the food chain, seriously affecting the health of workers and local residents. We previously proved that Clusterin (CLU) can inhibit the apoptosis of L02 hepatocytes induced by Cr(VI) through mitochondrial pathway, but the associated molecular mechanism has not been further studied. Mitochondrial biogenesis is an important step in mitochondrial damage repair, but the mechanism of mitochondrial biogenesis in Cr(VI)-induced liver toxicity is still unclear. We demonstrated in the present study that Cr(VI) triggered mitochondrial biogenesis dysfunction-associated apoptosis, and CLU delayed Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was down-regulated in Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis, and CLU may regulate STAT3 via protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) in Cr(VI)-exposed hepatocytes. We used the STAT3 inhibitor C188-9 and the AKT inhibitor Uprosertib to eliminate the anti-apoptotic effect of CLU, and found that CLU inhibited Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis by up-regulating AKT/STAT3 signal. Based on the fact that both AKT and STAT3 are closely related to mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial pathway-associated apoptosis, this study is the first time to link CLU, STAT3, AKT and mitochondrial biogenesis function after Cr(VI) exposure, to further enrich the experimental basis of Cr(VI)-induced hepatotoxicity, clarify the molecular mechanism of CLU helping cells to escape apoptosis, and also suggest that new ways can be sought to prevent and treat Cr(VI)-induced hepatotoxicity by regulating mitochondrial biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjuan Liang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Siwen Li
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Yuehui Liang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Yu Ma
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Sixuan Tang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Shuzi Ye
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China.
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11
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Li X, He S, Zhou J, Yu X, Li L, Liu Y, Li W. Cr (VI) induces abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism through ROS/Nrf2 signaling. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 219:112320. [PMID: 33991932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The hexavalent form of chromium, Cr (VI), has been associated with various diseases in humans. In this study, we examined the mechanisms underlying the effect of Cr (VI) on glucose and lipid metabolism in vivo and in vitro. We found that Cr (VI) induced abnormal liver function, increased fasting blood glucose (FBG), as well as glucose and insulin intolerance in mice. Furthermore, Cr (VI) decreased glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) level and glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2) expression, increased the levels of triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), reduced high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and increased sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1 (SREBP1) and fat synthase (FAS) in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, Cr (VI) promoted intracellular ROS production in vitro, and induced reduction of antioxidant enzyme level and Nrf2/HO-1 expression in vitro and in vivo. Also, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC, effective antioxidant and free radical scavenger) pretreatment inhibited the production of intracellular ROS, significantly suppressed Cr (VI)-induced oxidative stress, lipid accumulation, decreased G6P and GLUT2, and improved impaired glucose tolerance and glucose and insulin intolerance caused by Cr (VI) in mice. Dh404 activated expression of Nrf2 decreased ROS level, increased HO-1 expression, ameliorated activity of the antioxidant enzyme, inhibited Cr (VI) increase of SREBP1, FAS level, and reduction of G6P and GLUT2. To sum up, these data suggest that dysregulation of ROS/Nrf2/HO-1 has an important role in Cr (VI)-induced glucose/lipid metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China
| | - Shengwen He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China
| | - Lanhua Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China
| | - Yumei Liu
- Public Health Demonstration Center, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China
| | - Wanwei Li
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, China.
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12
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Analysis of serum metabolome of workers occupationally exposed to hexavalent chromium: A preliminary study. Toxicol Lett 2021; 349:92-100. [PMID: 34153407 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) compound is considered as a common environmental and occupational pollutant due to widespread application in industry and agriculture. Cr(VI) as a carcinogen poses a serious threat to human health and the underlying mechanisms need further investigation. Previous studies had demonstrated the characteristic expression profiling after Cr(VI) treatment in vitro and in vivo at the levels of gene and protein. The comprehensive metabolic signatures were also conducive to discover potential biomarkers for effects assessment of Cr(VI) toxicity. In the current study, Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) non-targeted metabolomics was applied to analyze serum metabolic changes in 77 chromate exposure workers and 62 controls. Thirteen metabolites were found significantly decreased and 41 metabolites were increased, which were involved in arginine and proline metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism by bioinformatic analysis. Furthermore, there were significant negative correlations between blood Cr level and Arginine, PC(18:2/24:4) and PC(14:0/16:0), subgroup analyses indicated that these correlations were observed in male-only subgroups, and were not found among chromate workers and controls separately. Diet could be a potential confounder which was not controlled rigorously in this study. These findings provided preliminary clues to investigate the underlying mechanisms of Cr(VI)-induced toxicity and were required to be further verified in future researches.
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13
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Li S, Ma Y, Liang Y, Liang N, Ye S, Xiao F. The role of PKA/PP2B-mediated Drp1 phosphorylation and the subsequent EGFR inhibition in Cr(VI)-induced premature senescence. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 218:112300. [PMID: 33971394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, frequent hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] pollution incidents have severely damaged the ecology and endangered the public health. It is well known that cell senescence could promote the carcinogenesis, thus the related research on the occurrence of premature senescence is of great significance to the elucidation of the carcinogenic mechanism of Cr(VI). We previously confirmed that long-term low-dose Cr(VI) exposure induced premature senescence, but the key molecular events that determine the occurrence of premature senescence are still unclear. In the present study, we found that Cr(VI) induced phosphorylation of dynamin-relatedprotein 1 (Drp1)-S637 site in premature senescent cells, which was accompanied with the decrease of mitochondrial fission. We also demonstrated that the phosphorylation status of Drp1-S637 after Cr(VI) exposure was related to the antagonism of PKA/PP2B, and continuous dephosphorylation of Drp1-S637 attenuated premature senescence caused by Cr(VI). The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression significantly alleviated the occurrence of premature senescence, and the expressions of EFGR and its downstream molecules were related to the phosphorylation status of Drp1-S637. In brief, we revealed the role of PKA/PP2B-mediated Drp1 phosphorylation and the subsequent EGFR inhibition in Cr(VI)-induced premature senescence. This study is the first time to link the phosphorylation of Drp1 with Cr(VI)-induced premature senescence, in order to find the key molecular events that determine the occurrence of premature senescence and demonstrate the molecular mechanism of abnormal elongated mitochondria formation in the senescence process. The significance of this study is to explore the carcinogenesis of Cr(VI) and provide new ideas and strategies for the targeted treatment of Cr(VI)-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Li
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Yu Ma
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Yuehui Liang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Ningjuan Liang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Shuzi Ye
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China.
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14
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Renu K, Chakraborty R, Myakala H, Koti R, Famurewa AC, Madhyastha H, Vellingiri B, George A, Valsala Gopalakrishnan A. Molecular mechanism of heavy metals (Lead, Chromium, Arsenic, Mercury, Nickel and Cadmium) - induced hepatotoxicity - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129735. [PMID: 33736223 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals pose a serious threat if they go beyond permissible limits in our bodies. Much heavy metal's viz. Lead, Chromium, Arsenic, Mercury, Nickel, and Cadmium pose a serious threat when they go beyond permissible limits and cause hepatotoxicity. They cause the generation of ROS which in turn causes numerous injuries and undesirable changes in the liver. Epidemiological studies have shown an increase in the levels of such heavy metals in the environment posing a serious threat to human health. Epigenetic alterations have been seen in the event of exposure to such heavy metals. Apoptosis, caspase activation as well as ultrastructural changes in the hepatocytes have also been seen due to heavy metals. Inflammation involving TNF-alpha, pro-inflammatory cytokines, MAPK, ERK pathways have been seen in the event of heavy metal hepatotoxicity. All these have shown that these heavy metals pose a serious threat to human health in particular and the environment as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaviyarasi Renu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Rituraj Chakraborty
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Haritha Myakala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Rajeshwari Koti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Ademola C Famurewa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike lkwo, Nigeria
| | - Harishkumar Madhyastha
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889 1692, Japan
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alex George
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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15
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Huang C, Yi H, Shi Y, Cao Q, Shi Y, Cheng D, Braet F, Chen XM, Pollock CA. KCa3.1 Mediates Dysregulation of Mitochondrial Quality Control in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:573814. [PMID: 33681190 PMCID: PMC7933228 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.573814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. Mitochondrial quality control is primarily mediated by mitochondrial turnover and repair through mitochondrial fission/fusion and mitophagy. We have previously shown that blockade of the calcium-activated potassium channel KCa3.1 ameliorates diabetic renal fibrosis. However, the mechanistic link between KCa3.1 and mitochondrial quality control in diabetic kidney disease is not yet known. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) plays a central role in diabetic kidney disease. Recent studies indicate an emerging role of TGF-β1 in the regulation of mitochondrial function. However, the molecular mechanism mediating mitochondrial quality control in response to TGF-β1 remains limited. In this study, mitochondrial function was assessed in TGF-β1-exposed renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK2 cells) transfected with scrambled siRNA or KCa3.1 siRNA. In vivo, diabetes was induced in KCa3.1+/+ and KCa3.1−/− mice by low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Mitochondrial fission/fusion-related proteins and mitophagy markers, as well as BCL2 interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) (a mitophagy regulator) were examined in HK2 cells and diabetic mice kidneys. The in vitro results showed that TGF-β1 significantly inhibited mitochondrial ATP production rate and increased mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production when compared to control, which was normalized by KCa3.1 gene silencing. Increased fission and suppressed fusion were found in both TGF-β1-treated HK2 cells and diabetic mice, which were reversed by KCa3.1 deficiency. Furthermore, our results showed that mitophagy was inhibited in both in vitro and in vivo models of diabetic kidney disease. KCa3.1 deficiency restored abnormal mitophagy by inhibiting BNIP3 expression in TGF-β1-induced HK2 cells as well as in the diabetic mice. Collectively, these results indicate that KCa3.1 mediates the dysregulation of mitochondrial quality control in diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Huang
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School Northern, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hao Yi
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School Northern, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ying Shi
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Qinghua Cao
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School Northern, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yin Shi
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School Northern, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Delfine Cheng
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Filip Braet
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xin-Ming Chen
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School Northern, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carol A Pollock
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School Northern, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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16
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Yang D, Yang Q, Fu N, Li S, Han B, Liu Y, Tang Y, Guo X, Lv Z, Zhang Z. Hexavalent chromium induced heart dysfunction via Sesn2-mediated impairment of mitochondrial function and energy supply. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128547. [PMID: 33049514 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), the most toxic valence state of chromium, is widely present in industrial effluents and wastes. Although previous study has reported that Cr(VI) can cause cytomembrane structure impairment by aggravating lipid peroxidation in the heart, the detailed mechanism of Cr(VI)-induced heart dysfunction is still unclear. Sesn2, a novel antioxidant and stress-inducible molecule, is evidenced to protect against various cardiometabolic diseases such as atherosclerosis and cardiomyopathy. To define the potential mechanism of heart dysfunction induced by chronic Cr(VI) exposure, Wistar rats were intraperitoneal injected with potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) for 35 d in the present study. The data showed that chronic K2Cr2O7 exposure caused dose-dependently hematological variations, oxidative stress, dysfunction, and disorganized structure of heart, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, ATP depletion, and mitochondria impairment in rats. In addition, the expressions of Drp1 and Bax were increased by K2Cr2O7. However, the suppression of Mfn2, PGC-1α, Sesn2, nuclear Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 protein levels was observed in K2Cr2O7-treated rat hearts. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that chronic K2Cr2O7 exposure dose-dependently causes heart dysfunction, and the molecular mechanism of this event is associated with the loss of Sesn2 mediated mitochondrial function and energy supply impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qingyue Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ning Fu
- Chifeng Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, China
| | - Siyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bing Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China; Chifeng Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yuqing Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhanjun Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China; Chifeng Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China.
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17
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Wang L, Huang X, Dai T, Xie J, Lv QX, Hou Y, Kong L, Song Y, Liu F. The role of mitochondrial dynamics in the TiO 2 nanotube-accelerated osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 535:33-38. [PMID: 33340763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nano titanium implants induce osteogenesis, but how osteoblasts respond to this physical stimulation remains unclear. In this study, we tried to reveal the role of the mitochondrial fission-fusion of osteoblasts in response to a nano titanium surface during the process of osteogenesis, which is important for the design of the surface structure of titanium implants. A TiO2 nanotube array (nano titanium, NT) was fabricated by anodization, and a smooth surface (smooth titanium, ST) was used as a control. We investigated changes in the mitochondrial fission-fusion (MFF) dynamics in MC3T3-E1 cells on the NT surface with those on the ST surface by performing transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and real-time PCR. At the same time, we also detected changes in the MFF and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells after DRP1 downregulation with RNA interference. Cells on the NT surface exhibited more mitochondrial fusion than those on the ST surface, and DRP1 was the key regulatory molecule. Interestingly, DRP1 increased for only a short time at the early stage on the NT surface, and when DRP1 was inhibited by siRNA at the early stage, the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells significantly decreased. In conclusion, DRP1-regulated mitochondrial dynamics played a key role in the nanotopography-accelerated osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Taiqiang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jirong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Qian-Xin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Liang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yu Song
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266001, China.
| | - Fuwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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18
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Tang S, Ye S, Ma Y, Liang Y, Liang N, Xiao F. Clusterin alleviates Cr(VI)-induced mitochondrial apoptosis in L02 hepatocytes via inhibition of Ca 2+-ROS-Drp1-mitochondrial fission axis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111326. [PMID: 32961495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is ubiquitous in the environment and is commonly used in various industrial processes. Clusterin (CLU) is an extracellular chaperone protein which exerts the anti-apoptotic function. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of CLU on Cr(VI)-induced mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. We revealed that the apoptosis rate of L02 hepatocytes treated with Cr (VI) was increased. CLU over-expression could protect the hepatocytes from Cr(VI)-induced mitochondrial apoptosis. Furthermore, Cr(VI) triggered the intracellular calcium overload, resulting in the activation of xanthine oxidase (XO). Cr(VI) induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, led to dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) translocation to mitochondria and the subsequent mitochondrial fission, contributing to the caspase-3-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis as evidenced by higher mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening rate, lower mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and more alanine transaminase (ALT)/aspartate transaminase (AST) leakage into the culture medium. However, CLU over-expression could trigger the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, which was followed by the increase of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a) expression. CLU-induced AMPK/SERCA2a activation attenuated calcium overload, caspase-3 activation, and ultimate mitochondrial apoptosis. All in all, the present study demonstrated that Cr(VI) induced hepatocytes apoptosis via Ca2+-ROS-Drp1-mitochondrial fission axis and CLU alleviated the mitochondrial apoptosis through activation of the AMPK/SERCA2a pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixuan Tang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Shuzi Ye
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yuehui Liang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - NingJuan Liang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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19
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Wang X, Li F, Liu J, Ji C, Wu H. Transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic profiling unravel the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity pathway induced by triphenyl phosphate (TPP). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111126. [PMID: 32823070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) has been found in various environmental media and in biota suggesting widespread human exposure. However, there is still insufficient information on the hepatotoxicity mechanisms of health risk exposed to TPP. In this study, TPP could induce human normal liver cell (L02) apoptosis, injury cell ultrastructure and elevate the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The integrated multi-omic (transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic) analysis was used to further investigate the mechanisms. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that TPP exposure markedly affected cell apoptosis, oncogene activation, REDOX homeostasis, DNA damage and repair. Additionally, proteomic analysis found that the related proteins associated with apoptosis, oxidative stress, metabolism and membrane structure were affected. And metabolomic analysis verified that the related metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis, citrate cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, lipid and protein metabolism, were also significantly disrupted. Based on the multi-omic results, a hypothesized network was constructed to discover the key molecular events in response to TPP and illustrate the mechanism of TPP-induced hepatotoxicity in L02 cells. Therefore, molecular responses could be elucidated at multiple biological levels, and multi-omic analysis could provide scientific tools for exploring potential mechanisms of toxicity and chemical risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| | - Jialin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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20
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Yang Q, Han B, Xue J, Lv Y, Li S, Liu Y, Wu P, Wang X, Zhang Z. Hexavalent chromium induces mitochondrial dynamics disorder in rat liver by inhibiting AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114855. [PMID: 32474337 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) can cause cytotoxicity and carcinogenicity. In this study, we established a liver injury model in rats via intraperitoneal injection of potassium dichromate (0, 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg body weight) for 35 d to investigate the mechanism of Cr(VI)-induced liver injury. We found that Cr(VI) induced hepatic histopathological lesions, oxidative stress, and apoptosis and reduced the expression of mitochondrial-related regulatory factors such as adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, Cr(VI) promoted mitochondrial division and inhibited fusion, leading to increased expression of caspase-3 and production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Our study demonstrates that long-term exposure to Cr(VI) induces mitochondrial dynamics disorder by inhibiting AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway in rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyue Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bing Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jiangdong Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Yueying Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Siyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China.
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21
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ATF4-mediated autophagy-dependent glycolysis plays an important role in attenuating apoptosis induced by Cr (VI) in A549 cells. Toxicol Lett 2020; 331:178-187. [PMID: 32569804 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) (VI) compounds are known to be serious toxic and carcinogenic, but the mechanism is not clear. In our previous study, we found that Cr (VI)-induced ER stress plays an important role in the crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy, while autophagy was apoptosis-dependent and subsequently prevents apoptosis cell death to keep A549 cells resistant to Cr (VI)-induced toxicity. In this study, we found that Cr (VI) could induce aerobic glycolysis in A549 cells. Both ER stress inhibitor, phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) and the inhibitor of autophagy, 3-MA, repressed Cr (VI)-induced glycolysis, indicating that both ER stress and autophagy were involved in Cr (VI)-induced glycolysis in A549 cells. Co-treatment of the inhibitor of aerobic glycolysis, 2-DG and Cr (VI) for 24 h increased Cr (VI)-induced cleaved caspase-3, caspase-9 and the number of apoptotic cells, demonstrating that aerobic glycolysis played an important role in attenuating Cr (VI)-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, knockdown of ATF4 by siATF4 significantly decreased Cr (VI)-induced aerobic glycolysis and apoptosis, suggesting that ATF4 was involved in Cr (VI)-induced aerobic glycolysis and its effect of attenuating apoptosis in A549 cells. Taken together, our results demonstrated that autophagy-dependent glycolysis played a role in attenuating Cr (VI)-induced apoptosis. ER stress was involved in facilitating glycolysis, whose induction was mediated by ATF4. These findings open a window for the development of therapeutic interventions to prevent Cr (VI)-induced toxicity.
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