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Li AH, Zhang BC, He ZW, Tang CC, Zhou AJ, Ren YX, Li Z, Wang A, Liu W. Roles of quorum-sensing molecules in methane production from anaerobic digestion aided by biochar. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121867. [PMID: 39032259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Biochar has been used to enhance methane generation from anaerobic digestion through establishing direct interspecific electron transfer between microorganisms. However, the microbial communication is still inadequate, thereby limiting further methane production improvement contributed by biochar. This study investigated the roles of quorum-sensing molecules, acylated homoserine lactone (AHL), in anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge aided by biochar. Results showed that the co-addition of separated biochar and AHL achieved best methane production performance, with the maximal methane yield of 154.7 mL/g volatile suspended solids, which increased by 51.9%, 47.2%, 17.9%, and 39.4% respectively compared to that of control, AHL-loaded biochar, sole AHL, and sole biochar groups. The reason was that the co-addition of separated biochar and AHL promoted the stages of hydrolysis and acidification, promoting the conversion of organic matters and short-chain fatty acids, and optimizing the accumulation of acetate acid. Moreover, the methanogenesis stage also performed best among experimental groups. Correspondingly, the highest activities of electron transfer and coenzyme F420 were obtained, with increase ratios of 33.2% and 27.2% respectively compared to that of control. Furthermore, biochar did more significant effects on the evolution of microbial communities than AHL, and the direct interspecific electron transfer between fermentative bacteria and methanogens were possibly promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Hua Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Bao-Cai Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Zhang-Wei He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Cong-Cong Tang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Ai-Juan Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Ren
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Aijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wenzong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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2
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He L, Zhu G. Regulation and application of quorum sensing on anaerobic digestion system. CHEMOSPHERE 2024:142983. [PMID: 39089336 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) plays an important role in the social behavior of microbial communities. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a biological process using anaerobic microorganisms to degrade organic macromolecules into small molecules for biogas and biofertilizer production. In AD, the QS signaling molecule N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) induces bacterial metabolism, improving AD process efficiency. However, there are fewer systematic reports about QS regulation of microbial behavior in AD. In this report, the effects of signaling molecules on extracellular polymer secretion, biofilm formation, granulation of granular sludge and bacterial metabolism in AD were investigated in detail. At present, the regulation behavior of QS on AD is a group phenomenon, and there are few in-depth studies on the regulation pathway. Therefore, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the pure culture system, granular sludge and reactor in the AD. Then we pointed out that the future application potential of QS in the AD may be combined with quorum quenching (QQ) and omics technology, which is of great significance for the future application of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan He
- School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, PR China
| | - Gefu Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, PR China.
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3
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Cui X, He J, Chu Z, Ruan X, Jiang Z, Jiang W, Xin X, Pang H, Zou X. Effects of exogenous N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) on methanogenic activities and microbial community differences during anaerobic digestion. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 355:120449. [PMID: 38432012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) function as signaling molecules influencing microbial community dynamics. This study investigates the impact of exogenously applied AHLs on methane production during waste-activated sludge (WAS) anaerobic digestion (AD). Nine AHL types, ranging from 10-4 to 10 μg/g VSS, were applied, comparing microbial community composition under optimal AHL concentrations. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Proteobacteria were identified in anaerobic digesters with C4-HSL, C6-HSL, and C8-HSL. Compared to the control, Halobacterota increased by 19.25%, 20.87%, and 9.33% with C7-HSL, C10-HSL, and C12-HSL. Exogenous C7-HSL enhanced the relative abundance of Methanosarcina, Romboutsia, Sedimentibacter, Proteiniclasticum, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group. C10-HSL increased Methanosarcina abundance. C4-HSL, C6-HSL, C8-HSL, C10-HSL, and C12-HSL showed potential to increase unclassified_Firmicutes. Functional Annotation of Prokaryotic Taxa (FAPROTAX) predicted AHLs' impact on related functional genes, providing insights into their role in AD methanogenesis regulation. This study aimed to enhance the understanding of the influence of different types of exogenous AHLs on AD and provide technical support for regulating the methanogenesis efficiency of AD by exogenous AHLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Cui
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, 230 Zhonghuan West Road, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Junguo He
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, 230 Zhonghuan West Road, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhaorui Chu
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, 230 Zhonghuan West Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xian Ruan
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, 230 Zhonghuan West Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhifeng Jiang
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, 230 Zhonghuan West Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weixun Jiang
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, 230 Zhonghuan West Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaodong Xin
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, 1 Daxue Road, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Heliang Pang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi 'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13 Yanta Road Middle Section, Xi 'an 710055, China
| | - Xiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, China
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4
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Ni Q, Chen Y, Lu L, Liu M. C4-HSL-mediated quorum sensing regulates nitrogen removal in activated sludge process at Low temperatures. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117928. [PMID: 38128597 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The activated sludge process faces challenges in achieving adequate nitrification ability under low-temperature conditions. Therefore, we investigated the effects of different concentrations of exogenous N-butyryl-homoserine lactone (C4-HSL) on nitrogen removal in lab-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) at 10 °C. The results revealed that both 10 and 100 μg/L of C4-HSL could improve NH4+-N removal efficiency by 26% and reduce the effluent TN concentration to below 15 mg/L. Analysis of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) revealed that adding C4-HSL (especially 100 μg/L) reduced the protein-like substance content while increasing the humic and fulvic acid-like substance content in EPS. Protein-like substances could serve as carbon sources for denitrifiers, thus promoting denitrification. Moreover, exogenous C4-HSL increased the abundance of bacteria and genes associated with nitrification and denitrification. Further analysis of quorum sensing (QS) of microorganisms indicated that exogenous C4-HSL (especially 100 μg/L) promoted regulation, transportation, and decomposition functions in the QS process. Furthermore, CS, sdh, fum, and mdh gene expressions involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were enhanced by 100 μg/L C4-HSL. Exogenous C4-HSL promoted microbial communication, microbial energy metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism, thereby improving the nitrogen removal efficiency of activated sludge systems at low temperatures. This study provides a feasible strategy for enhancing denitrogenation performance at low temperatures through exogenous C4-HSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhan Ni
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Lanxin Lu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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5
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Zhao S, Zhu S, Liu S, Song G, Zhao J, Liu R, Liu H, Qu J. Quorum Sensing Enhances Direct Interspecies Electron Transfer in Anaerobic Methane Production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2891-2901. [PMID: 38308618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) provides an innovative way to achieve efficient methanogenesis, and this study proposes a new approach to upregulate the DIET pathway by enhancing quorum sensing (QS). Based on long-term reactor performance, QS enhancement achieved more vigorous methanogenesis with 98.7% COD removal efficiency. In the control system, methanogenesis failure occurred at the accumulated acetate of 7420 mg of COD/L and lowered pH of 6.04, and a much lower COD removal of 41.9% was observed. The more significant DIET in QS-enhancing system was supported by higher expression of conductive pili and the c-Cyts cytochrome secretion-related genes, resulting in 12.7- and 10.3-fold improvements. Moreover, QS enhancement also improved the energy production capability, with the increase of F-type and V/A-type ATPase expression by 6.3- and 4.2-fold, and this effect probably provided more energy for nanowires and c-Cyts cytochrome secretion. From the perspective of community structure, QS enhancement increased the abundance of Methanosaeta and Geobacter from 54.3 and 17.6% in the control to 63.0 and 33.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the expression of genes involved in carbon dioxide reduction and alcohol dehydrogenation increased by 0.6- and 7.1-fold, respectively. Taken together, this study indicates the positive effects of QS chemicals to stimulate DIET and advances the understanding of the DIET methanogenesis involved in environments such as anaerobic digesters and sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunan Zhao
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Suo Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ge Song
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruiping Liu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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6
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Anburajan P, Cayetano RD, Prohim YM, Thau NT, Kim S, Kim H, Ko JH, Oh HS. Role of quorum sensing and quorum quenching in anaerobic digestion: A scoping review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117413. [PMID: 37839533 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a biological process that employs anaerobic microorganisms to degrade organic material, yielding biogas and biofertilizers. Understanding quorum sensing (QS) signaling in mixed microbial systems provides valuable insights into microbial behavior and functions. This review aims to examine recent studies on the roles of QS and QQ in the AD processes. A QS signal molecule, N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL), induce the production of extraceluller polymers, promoting biofilm formation and bacterial aggregation, thereby the efficiency of AD process. QS-assisted granule formation fosters syntrophy between acetogens and methanogens, leading to increased organic removal and methane production. Specific AHLs were shown to be correlated with the abundance of hydrolytic bacteria and acidogens, further benefiting methane production. QQ was shown to effectively control membrane fouling in anaerobic membrane bioreactors, yet its impact on methane productivity remains unclear. This review shed lights on the existing literature gaps regarding the mechanisms of QS and QQ in AD systems, which will play a vital role in advancing AD applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthiban Anburajan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea; Institute of Environmental Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Roent Dune Cayetano
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea; Institute of Environmental Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - You Mit Prohim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nguyen Tang Thau
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungmi Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeok Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je Hyeon Ko
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Suk Oh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea; Institute of Environmental Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea.
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7
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Lv L, Chen J, Liu X, Gao W, Sun L, Wang P, Ren Z, Zhang G, Li W. Roles and regulation of quorum sensing in anaerobic granular sludge: Research status, challenges, and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129644. [PMID: 37558106 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS) has a complex and important internal microbial communication system due to its unique microbial layered structure. As a concentration-dependent communication system between bacterial cells through signal molecules, QS (quorum sensing) is widespread in AnGS and exhibits great potential to regulate microbial behaviors. Therefore, the universal functions of QS in AnGS have been systematically summarized in this paper, including the influence on the metabolic activity, physicochemical properties, and microbial community of AnGS. Subsequently, the common QS-based AnGS regulation approaches are reviewed and analyzed comprehensively. The regulation mechanism of QS in AnGS is analyzed from two systems of single bacterium and mixed bacteria. This review can provide a comprehensive understanding of QS functions in AnGS systems, and promote the practical application of QS-based strategies in optimization of AnGS treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyi Lv
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Jiarui Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China.
| | - Wenfang Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Li Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Zhijun Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Guangming Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Weiguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, PR China.
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8
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He J, Cui X, Pang H, Xin X, Zhong Y, Duan S, Liu Y, Zhao Y. Effect of thermal hydrolysis pretreatment on the occurrence of N-acyl homoserine lactone during anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:139931. [PMID: 37669717 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to investigate the relationship between N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) and methanogenic microorganisms, focusing on endogenous AHLs in the anaerobic digestion (AD) process. By analyzing waste activated sludge (WAS) samples, we examine the changes in microbial communities and the AHLs-methanogens connection. The Mantel test and Spearman correlation analysis were conducted to gain novel insights into the AD process. Our findings demonstrate that thermal hydrolysis pretreatment (THP) modifies AHL concentrations during AD, thereby enhancing methanogenic bacteria activity and regulating social interactions among microorganisms. In the Eth group (AD of THP samples labeled Eth), Methanobacterium and Methanosarcina accounted for over 80% of the methanogenic bacteria, with correlation coefficients greater than 0.5 between these bacterial taxa and N-hexyl-l-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL) and N-enanthyl-l-homoserine lactone (C7-HSL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junguo He
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, 230 Zhonghuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinxin Cui
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, 230 Zhonghuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Heliang Pang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi 'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13 Yanta Road middle section, Xi 'an, 710055, China.
| | - Xiaodong Xin
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, 1 Daxue Road, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yijie Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Shengye Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Yunlong Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, 230 Zhonghuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuanyi Zhao
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, 230 Zhonghuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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9
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Chen W, Tang H, Xu D, Li W, Pan C, Guo L, Kang D, Zheng P, Zhang M. The culprit for the declining performance of anaerobic reactors caused by calcification: Bioavailability deterioration. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 386:129514. [PMID: 37473785 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Calcification is a critical challenge for achieving anaerobic reactors' high-efficiency. However, the aggregation caused by calcification at both granular sludge and reactor levels remain to be fully understood. Herein, this study investigated the characteristics of calcification in an anaerobic reactor (RH) operated with high calcium-containing wastewater for over 200-day. It was found that the COD removal efficiency in RH dropped from 98.00 ± 2.06% to 41.29 ± 3.79%, which was much lower than that of 95.50 ± 1.55% in the control reactor. Morphological analysis revealed that the high influent calcium caused granular sludge aggregation, which would further led to the rapid deterioration in bioavailability, as confirmed by both mass transfer tests and theoretical simulations. Moving forward, statistical analysis showed that the proportion of bioavailability deterioration zones in RH system (61.68%) was similar to the decreased COD removal efficiency (57.87%), proving that bioavailability deterioration was the culprit for the performance decline of anaerobic reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenda Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiming Tang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenji Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Pan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leiyan Guo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Da Kang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou, China.
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10
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Chen Y, Chen T, Yin J. Impact of N-butyryl-l-homoserine lactone-mediated quorum sensing on acidogenic fermentation under saline conditions: Insights into volatile fatty acids production and microbial community. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 368:128354. [PMID: 36410593 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic fermentation is often inhibited under high salinity conditions. This study discovered a strong, positive association between N-butyryl-l-homoserine lactone (C4-HSL)-mediated quorum sensing (QS) and the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) under saline conditions. N-acyl-homoserine lactones were identified during acidogenic fermentation for VFA production. Only C4-HSL was detected at all salt concentrations, and a maximum C4-HSL concentration of 0.49 μg/L was observed at a salt concentration of 15 g/L. C4-HSL secretion was closely related to salinity, and a strong correlation was observed between C4-HSL and VFAs (p < 0.01), especially butyrate. Further experiments with C4-HSL addition indicated that exogenous C4-HSL promoted substrate hydrolysis and increased butyrate production by 1.5 times at 15 g/L NaCl. Microbial community analysis indicated that unclassified_f__Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, associated with QS genes and butyrate production, were positively associated with C4-HSL. This study demonstrates the positive effect of C4-HSL-mediated QS on acidogenic fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
| | - Ting Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
| | - Jun Yin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Hangzhou 310012, PR China.
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11
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Mit Prohim Y, Cayetano RDA, Anburajan P, Tang Thau N, Kim S, Oh HS. Enhancement of biomethane recovery from batch anaerobic digestion by exogenously adding an N-acyl homoserine lactone cocktail. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137188. [PMID: 36400188 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biomethane recovered through anaerobic digestion (AD) is a renewable, sustainable, and cost-effective alternative energy source that has the potential to help address rising energy demands. Efficient bioconversion during AD depends on the symbiotic relationship between hydrolytic bacteria and methanogenic archaea. Interactions between microorganisms occur in every biological system via a phenomenon known as quorum sensing (QS), in which signaling molecules are simultaneously transmitted and detected as a mode of cell-to-cell communication. However, there's still a lack of understanding on how QS works in the AD system, where diverse bacteria and archaea interact in a complex manner. In this study, different concentrations (0.5 and 5 μM) of signaling molecules in the form of an N-acyl homoserine lactone cocktail (C6-, C8-, C10-, and 3-oxo-C6-HSL) were prepared and introduced into anaerobic batch reactors to clearly assess how QS affects AD systems. It was observed that the methane yield increased with the addition of AHLs: a 5 μM AHL cocktail improved the methane yield (341.9 mL/g-COD) compared to the control without AHLs addition (285.9 mL/g-COD). Meanwhile, evidence of improved microbial growth and cell aggregation was noticed in AHLs-supplemented systems. Our findings also show that exogenously adding AHLs alters the microbial community structure by increasing the overall bacterial and archaeal population counts while favoring the growth of the methanogenic archaea group, which is essential in biomethane synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Mit Prohim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Roent Dune A Cayetano
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea; Institute of Environmental Technology, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Parthiban Anburajan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea; Institute of Environmental Technology, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Tang Thau
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmi Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Suk Oh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea; Institute of Environmental Technology, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea.
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12
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AHL-mediated quorum sensing to regulate bacterial substance and energy metabolism: A review. Microbiol Res 2022; 262:127102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13
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Dang W, Li M, Fu W, Zhu K, Liu H, Yuan J, Gao W, Chen G, Wang Z. Effects of different N-acyl-serine lactone signaling molecules on the performance of anaerobic granular sludge. RSC Adv 2022; 12:5439-5446. [PMID: 35425575 PMCID: PMC8981730 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07885b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenous addition of acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) signaling molecules can improve or inhibit the methane production performance of anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS) by quorum sensing (QS). To explore the specific effect of AHLs on AnGS, 2 μM of signal molecules were added to the reactor and we analyzed their effects on AnGS biodiversity, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), specific methanogenic activity (SMA) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate of AnGS. The results indicated that the four types of AHLs improve the COD removal rate, SMA and organic composition of AnGS. The addition of N-(β-ketocaproyl)-dl-homoserine lactone (3O-C6-HSL) yielded the greatest increase in methanogenic activity, reaching a maximum of 30.83%. The four types of AHLs stimulate the secretion of EPS in AnGS by group sensing regulation. The addition of N-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL), N-octanoyl-dl-lactone (C8-HSL) and 3O-C6-HSL induced the enrichment of Actinobacteria. Thus, the process of hydrolysis and acidification of AnGS is accelerated. The addition of N-butyryl-dl-homoserine lactone (C4-HSL), C6-HSL and 3O-C6-HSL promote the potential methanogenic metabolic pathway of AnGS. The addition of all AHLs directly or indirectly enhanced the methane metabolism pathway of sludge and improved the specific methane generation activity of AnGS. These results are expected to provide preliminary research data for enhancing the methane production efficiency of reactors and enriching the biological activity of AnGS. Adding trace signal molecule (AHLs) to the reactor can promote the growth of methanogens and increase the microbial abundance of AnGS. This technology may be applied to enhance methanogenesis of AnGS or restore microbial activity of calcified anaerobic granular sludge.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Dang
- Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control of Guangxi Province, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
| | - Meiling Li
- Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control of Guangxi Province, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
| | - Wencai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control of Guangxi Province, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
| | - Kaili Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control of Guangxi Province, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control of Guangxi Province, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
| | - Jinxia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control of Guangxi Province, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China .,College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York Syracuse USA
| | - Wenhua Gao
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Guoning Chen
- Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd Nanning 530007 China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control of Guangxi Province, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China .,Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd Nanning 530007 China
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14
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Zhang Y, Liu F, Liu H, Zhang W, Li J. Exogenous N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone assists in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket recovery from acetate accumulation via aceticlastic methanogens enrichment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126600. [PMID: 34973403 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) accumulation caused by shock loading severely hampers the performance and stability of anaerobic digestion. An upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) was operated to examine its performance, sludge properties, and microbial community behavior during shock loading and recovery with exogenous N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL). After shock loading, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was significantly reduced from 79.09% to 65.63%. The abundance of Methanosarcinales also significantly decreased, which resulted in acetate accumulation (1,163.55 mg/L). Sludge granules disintegrated along with the decrease in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). After supplying 1 μg/L C6-HSL, COD removal resumed to 75.10%. Furthermore, C6-HSL enhanced the abundance and metabolic activity of aceticlastic methanogens, decreased acetate concentration to 146.87 mg/L, improved EPS secretion, and caused the re-assembly of disintegrated sludges to form large granules. These results advanced our understanding of microbial community behavior and provided an attractive strategy for restoration of UASB recovered from shock loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, No. 63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Fengqin Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, No. 63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hongen Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, No. 63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, No. 63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jianzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, China.
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15
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Fu W, Li M, Dang W, Zhu K, Chen G, Zhang J, Wang S, Guo Y, Wang Z. Study on the mechanism of inhibiting the calcification of anaerobic granular sludge induced by the addition of trace signal molecule (3O-C6-HSL). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126232. [PMID: 34737162 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microbiota quorum sensing (QS) induced by 3O-C6-HSL (N-(β-ketocaproyl)-DL-homoserine lactone) inhibited the calcification of anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS), and the mechanism of promoting the activity recovery of calcified AnGS was studied in this paper. Through research, it was speculated that 3O-C6-HSL acted on calcified AnGS residual microorganisms to trigger QS. It enriched many functional microorganisms. For example, it promoted the growth of Methanospirillum. The CO2 could be consumed quickly by Methanospirillum and reduced the calcium carbonate formation. The increase of microbial biomass would promote the activity of sludge. What's more, the pore size and porosity of sludge would increase, so the mass transfer channel will be broadened at same time. All those, could help the calcified AnGS quickly restore the activity and anaerobic system recover normal, which provided a new idea for the emergency rescue of anaerobic system in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control of Guangxi, College of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Meiling Li
- Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control of Guangxi, College of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Wenhao Dang
- Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control of Guangxi, College of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Kaili Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control of Guangxi, College of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Guoning Chen
- Guangxi Bossco Environment Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Nanning 530007, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control of Guangxi, College of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Shuangfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control of Guangxi, College of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Yanzhu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control of Guangxi, College of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control of Guangxi, College of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Bossco Environment Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Nanning 530007, PR China.
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16
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Gao W, Hu Y, Jiao X, Gao M, Wang X. Recovery of structure and activity of disintegrated aerobic granular sludge after long-term storage: Effect of exogenous N-acyl-homoserine lactones. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130894. [PMID: 34289603 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Long-term storage of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) may lead to granule inactivation and disintegration. Granule recovery in both structure and activity is important for scale-up and stability of AGS, but information about the structure recovery of stored AGS is limited. In addition, whether short-term exogenous N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) regulations could accelerate the granule recovery and sustain positive effects on AGS is unknown. Herein, the recovery of 33-month stored AGS was performed in three reactors for 38 days (phase I) at different exogenous AHLs concentrations (0, 50 and 500 nM of AHL-mixtures in R0, R1 and R2, respectively) and for an extended 45 days without exogenous AHLs (phase II). Results demonstrated successful recovery of disintegrated AGS in all reactors, although it was relatively time-consuming in R0. The treatment performance was similar among the reactors and steady-state removal of COD (90%) and NH4+-N (94%) could be recovered within 7 and 21 days, respectively. However, exogenous AHLs regulation (especially in R1) obviously accelerated bioactivity recovery of heterotrophs and nitrifiers and improved granule characteristics, including biomass, density, hydrophobicity and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). During phase II, sustainable positive effects remained in R1, but granule characteristics deteriorated in R2. The abundance of functional genera Thauera, Nitrosomonas and Candidatus_Nitrotoga, contributed to the rapid recovery and helped maintain the structure and activity of AGS. The predictive functional profiling of bacterial communities also demonstrated sustainably higher activities of metabolism, growth and signal sensing under exogenous AHLs regulation at an appropriate content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Yuanchao Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Xianhui Jiao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Mingming Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
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17
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Lv L, Feng C, Li W, Zhang G, Ren Z, Liu X, Song X, Wang P. Exogenous N-acyl-homoserine lactones accelerate resuscitation of starved anaerobic granular sludge after long-term stagnation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125362. [PMID: 34116280 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
So as to accelerate the resuscitation of starved anaerobic granular sludge after long-term stagnation, an innovative method was tried derived from the regulation of N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs)-mediated quorum sensing (QS). The mixture of four AHLs was added to the starved anaerobic granular sludge system in this research. The results confirmed that the exogenous AHLs shortened the recovery time of the granular sludge, and improved the treatment performance and methanogenic capacity of the recovered anaerobic sludge to the level before stagnation. At the same time, exogenous AHLs enhanced the synthesis of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) during the resuscitation period of starved anaerobic granular sludge. The outcomes of microbial composition detection showed that the change of bacterial and methanogenic bacteria communities towards accelerated performance recovery was significantly correlated with exogenous AHLs. This exploration provided a new technical idea for speeding up the recovery of starved anaerobic granular sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyi Lv
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Chendi Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Weiguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Guangming Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Zhijun Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Xinxin Song
- Tianjin Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Ltd, Tianjin 300392, PR China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China.
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