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Khaksari M, Pourali M, Rezaei Talabon S, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J, Bashiri H, Amiresmaili S. Protective effects of 17-β-estradiol on liver injury: The role of TLR4 signaling pathway and inflammatory response. Cytokine 2024; 181:156686. [PMID: 38991382 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Liver injury, a major global health issue, stems from various causes such as alcohol consumption, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hepatitis, and certain medications. The liver's unique susceptibility to ischemia and hypoxia, coupled with the critical role of the gut-liver axis in inflammation, underscores the need for effective therapeutic interventions. The study highlights E2's interaction with estrogen receptors (ERs) and its modulation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway as key mechanisms in mitigating liver injury. Activation of TLR4 leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, exacerbating liver inflammation and injury. E2 down-regulates TLR4 expression, reduces oxidative stress, and inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby protecting the liver. Both classic (ERα and ERβ) and non-classic [G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER)] receptors are influenced by E2. ERα is particularly crucial for liver regeneration, preventing liver failure by promoting hepatocyte proliferation. Furthermore, E2 exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects by inhibiting cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-17, and by reducing lipid peroxidation and free radical damage. The article calls for further clinical research to validate these findings and to develop estrogen-based treatments for liver injuries. Overall, the research emphasizes the significant potential of E2 as a therapeutic agent for liver injuries. It advocates for extensive clinical studies to validate E2 hepatoprotective properties and develop effective estrogen-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khaksari
- Neuroscince and Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centers, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Hamideh Bashiri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Ira
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2
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Yuan H, Tian Y, Jiang R, Wang Y, Nie M, Li X, He Y, Liu X, Zhao R, Zhang J. Susceptibility to Hepatotoxic Drug-Induced Liver Injury Increased After Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice. J Neurotrauma 2024; 41:1425-1437. [PMID: 37265124 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The early stages of brain injury can induce acute liver injury, which can be recovered in the short term. Continued medication treatment during hospitalization for brain injury alleviates the prognosis and contributes to a high incidence of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). We hypothesize that there is an interaction between changes in the hepatic environment after brain injury and liver injury produced by intensive drug administration, leading to an upregulation of the organism's sensitivity to DILI. In this study, mice models of TBI were established by controlled cortical impact (CCI) and models of DILI were constructed by acetaminophen (APAP). All mice were divided into four groups: Sham, TBI, APAP, and TBI+APAP, and related liver injury indicators in liver and serum were detected by Western blot, Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunohistochemical staining. The results suggested that liver injury induced in the early stages of brain injury recovered in 3 days, but this state could still significantly aggravate DILI, represented by higher liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT]), oxidative stress (increase in malondialdehyde [MDA] concentration and deregulation of glutathione [GSH] and superoxide dismutase [SOD] activities), inflammatory response (activation of the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, and increased messenger RNA [mRNA] and protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], interleukin [IL]-6, and IL-1β), and apoptosis (TUNEL assay, upregulation of Bax protein and deregulation of Bcl-2 protein). In summary, our results suggested that TBI is a potential susceptibility factor for DILI and exacerbates DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengjie Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongcai Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yifan He
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuanhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruiting Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Wang X, Zhou J, Wang Y, Li X, Hu Q, Luo L, Liu X, Liu W, Ye J. Effect of astrocyte GPER on the optic nerve inflammatory response following optic nerve injury in mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29428. [PMID: 38638966 PMCID: PMC11024623 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Activated astrocytes are a primary source of inflammatory factors following traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). Accumulation of inflammatory factors in this context leads to increased axonal damage and loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Therefore, in the present study, we explored the role of the astrocyte G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in regulating inflammatory factors following optic nerve crush (ONC), and analyzed its potential regulatory mechanisms. Overall, our results showed that GPER was abundantly expressed in the optic nerve, and co-localized with glial fibrillary acidic proteins (GFAP). Exogenous administration of G-1 led to a significant reduction in astrocyte activation and expression of inflammation-related factors (including IL-1β, TNF-α, NFκB, and p-NFκB). Additionally, it dramatically increased the survival of RGCs. In contrast, astrocytes were activated to a greater extent by exogenous G15 administration; however, RGCs survival was significantly reduced. In vitro, GPER activation significantly reduced astrocyte activation and the release of inflammation-related factors. In conclusion, activation of astrocyte GPER significantly reduced ONC inflammation levels, and should be explored as a potential target pathway for protecting the optic nerve and RGCs after TON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Xinqiao Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400032, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Qiumei Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Linlin Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
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Li XM, Liu SL, He YJ, Shu JC. Using new indices to predict metabolism dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD): analysis of the national health and nutrition examination survey database. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:109. [PMID: 38491451 PMCID: PMC10943835 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolism dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is the most common chronic liver disease. Few MAFLD predictions are simple and accurate. We examined the predictive performance of the albumin-to-glutamyl transpeptidase ratio (AGTR), plasma atherogenicity index (AIP), and serum uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (UHR) for MAFLD to design practical, inexpensive, and reliable models. METHODS The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2016 cycle dataset, which contained 12,654 participants, was filtered and randomly separated into internal validation and training sets. This study examined the relationships of the AGTR and AIP with MAFLD using binary multifactor logistic regression. We then created a MAFLD predictive model using the training dataset and validated the predictive model performance with the 2017-2018 NHANES and internal datasets. RESULTS In the total population, the predictive ability (AUC) of the AIP, AGTR, UHR, and the combination of all three for MAFLD showed in the following order: 0.749, 0.773, 0.728 and 0.824. Further subgroup analysis showed that the AGTR (AUC1 = 0.796; AUC2 = 0.690) and the combination of the three measures (AUC1 = 0.863; AUC2 = 0.766) better predicted MAFLD in nondiabetic patients. Joint prediction outperformed the individual measures in predicting MAFLD in the subgroups. Additionally, the model better predicted female MAFLD. Adding waist circumference and or BMI to this model improves predictive performance. CONCLUSION Our study showed that the AGTR, AIP, and UHR had strong MAFLD predictive value, and their combination can increase MAFLD predictive performance. They also performed better in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital(Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University), Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Lian Liu
- Department of Hepatology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Jun He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital(Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University), Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Chang Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital(Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University), Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Amirkhosravi L, Khaksari M, Sanjari M, Khorasani P. The nongenomic neuroprotective effects of estrogen, E2-BSA, and G1 following traumatic brain injury: PI3K/Akt and histopathological study. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2024; 45:1-15. [PMID: 38507353 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2023-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies suggest that both genomic and nongenomic pathways are involved in mediating the salutary effects of steroids following traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study investigated the nongenomic effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) mediated by the PI3K/p-Akt pathway after TBI. METHODS Ovariectomized rats were apportioned to E2, E2-BSA (E2 conjugated to bovine serum albumin), G1 [G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor agonist (GPER)] or their vehicle was injected following TBI, whereas ICI (classical estrogen receptor antagonist), G15 (GPER antagonist), ICI + G15, and their vehicles were injected before the induction of TBI and injection of drugs. Diffuse TBI was induced by the Marmarou model. Evans blue (EBC, 5 h), brain water contents (BWC), histopathological changes, and brain PI3K and p-Akt protein expressions were measured 24 h after TBI. The veterinary comma scale (VCS) was assessed before and at different times after TBI. RESULTS The results showed a reduction in BWC and EBC and increased VCS in the E2, E2-BSA, and G1 groups. Also, E2, E2-BSA, and G1 reduced brain edema, inflammation, and apoptosis. The ICI and G15 inhibited the beneficial effects of E2, E2-BSA, and G1 on these parameters. All drugs, following TBI, prevented the reduction of brain PI3K/p-Akt expression. The individual or combined use of ICI and G15 eliminated the beneficial effects of E2, E2-BSA, and G1 on PI3K/p-Akt expressions. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that PI3K/p-Akt pathway plays a critical role in mediating the salutary effects of estradiol on histopathological changes and neurological outcomes following TBI, suggesting that GPER and classic ERs are involved in regulating the expression of PI3K/p-Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Amirkhosravi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, 48463 Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman, Iran
| | - Mojgan Sanjari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Parisa Khorasani
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, 48463 Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman, Iran
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Alizadeh E, Sabet N, Soltani Z, Khaksari M, Jafari E, Karamouzian S. The administration of oral mucosal mesenchymal-derived stem cells improves hepatic inflammation, oxidative stress, and histopathology following traumatic brain injury. Transpl Immunol 2023; 81:101950. [PMID: 37918577 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammatory mediators produced after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are reaching peripheral organs causing organ and tissue damage, including the liver. Our study assessed the effect of intravenous (i.v.) infusion of oral mesenchymal stem cells (OMSCs) on TBI-induced liver damage by measuring liver inflammatory factors and liver oxidative stress. METHODS Twenty-eight adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: 1) sham control; 2) TBI alone (TBI); 3) TBI vehicle (Veh)-control; and 4) TBI with OMSC treatment (SC). OMSCs were obtained from oral mucosa biopsies. OMSCs were administered and administered i.v. at 1 and 24 h after TBI. Within 48 h after TBI, multiple parameters were analyzed, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and histopathological changes. RESULTS In comparison to sham controls, the TBI alone showed in liver significantly increased levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β; P < 0.001), interleukin-6 (IL-6; P < 0.001), malondialdehyde (MDA; P < 0.001), and protein carbonyl (PC; P < 0.001). At the same time the TBI alone decreased the liver levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD; P < 0.001), total antioxidant capacity (TAC; P < 0.001), catalase (CAT; P < 0.001), and interleukin-10 (IL-10; P < 0.001). In comparison to the TBI alone group, the therapeutic group treated with i.v. infusion of OMSCs demonstrated significantly reduced changes of IL-1β (P < 0.001), IL-6 (P < 0.01), MDA (P < 0.01), PC (P < 0.05), SOD (P < 0.001), TAC (P < 0.01), CAT (P < 0.01), and IL-10 (P < 0.01). Histopathological evaluation showed in TBI alone group that the total score of liver tissue injury included extensive hydropic degeneration, lobular necrosis, inflammation as well as central vein congestion with subendothelial hemorrhage increased compared the sham group (P < 0.001). Administration of OMSC showed significantly smaller increase in the injury score compared to the TBI alone group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Therapy with i.v. OMSCs administration after TBI reduces liver injury, as measured by inflammation and oxidative stress. The use of OMSCs can be considered for treatment of liver injury caused by TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshagh Alizadeh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Neurosurgery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nazanin Sabet
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Soltani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elham Jafari
- Pathology and Stem Cells Research Center, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeed Karamouzian
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Neurosurgery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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7
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Amirkhosravi L, khaksari M, Amiresmaili S, Sanjari M, Khorasani P, Hashemian M. Evaluating the neuroprotective effects of progesterone receptors on experimental traumatic brain injury: The PI3K/Akt pathway. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3244. [PMID: 37661235 PMCID: PMC10636406 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have confirmed the salutary effects of progesterone (P4) on traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study investigated the beneficial effects of P4 via its receptors on TBI, and also whether progesterone receptors (PRs) can modulate TBI through PI3K/Akt pathway. MATERIAL AND METHODS Marmarou method was utilized to induce diffuse TBI in ovariectomized rats. P4 (1.7 mg/kg) or the vehicle (oil) was administered 30 min after TBI induction. Moreover, RU486 (PR antagonist) and its vehicle (DMSO) were injected before TBI induction and P4 injection. Brain Evans blue content, brain water content (WC), various oxidative stress parameters, IL-1β levels, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), histopathological alterations, and also phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and PI3K expressions in the brain were assessed 24 h after TBI. The veterinary comma scale (VCS) was measured before and after TBI at different times. RESULTS The findings revealed that P4 caused an increase in VCS and a decrease in brain WC, oxidative stress, TNF-α and IL-1β levels. RU486 inhibited the beneficial effects of P4 on these indices. Moreover, RU486 prevented the reduction of brain edema, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by P4. Moreover, P4 following TBI increased the expression of PI3K/p-Akt protein in the brain. RU486 eliminated the effects of P4 on PI3K/p-Akt expression. CONCLUSION According to these findings, PRs are acting as critical mediators for the neuroprotective properties of P4 on oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and neurological outcomes. PRs also play an important role in regulating the PI3K/p-Akt expression and nongenomic function of P4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Amirkhosravi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research CenterInstitute of Basic and Clinical Physiology SciencesKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Mohammad khaksari
- Physiology Research CenterInstitute of NeuropharmacologyKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | | | - Mojgan Sanjari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research CenterInstitute of Basic and Clinical Physiology SciencesKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Parisa Khorasani
- Department of Pathology, Pathology, and Stem Cells Research Center, Afzalipour Medical FacultyKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Morteza Hashemian
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of NeuropharmacologyKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
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Keshavarzi Z, Amiresmaili S, Nazari M, Jafari E, Chahkandi M, Sindhu RK. Synergistic effects of auraptene and 17-β estradiol on traumatic brain injury treatment: oxidant/antioxidant status, inflammatory cytokines and pathology. Int J Neurosci 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37815366 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2269478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite significant advances that have been made in the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI), it remains a global health issue. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of 17-β estradiol (E2) and auraptene (AUR) on TBI treatment. METHODS In total, 70 adult male Wistar rats were divided randomly into ten main groups: Sham, TBI, TBI + DMSO, TBI + AUR (4 mg/kg), TBI + AUR (8 mg/kg), TBI + AUR (25 mg/kg), TBI + E2 group, TBI + AUR (4 mg/kg) + E2 group, TBI + AUR (8 mg/kg) + E2 group and TBI + AUR (25 mg/kg) + E2 group. Diffuse TBI was caused by the Marmarou process in male rats. The brain's tissues were harvested to check the parameters of oxidative stress and levels of inflammatory cytokine. RESULTS The finding revealed that TBI induced a significant increase in brain edema, pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidant levels [MDA and NO], and also a decrease in the brain's antioxidant biomarkers [GPx, SOD]. We also found that E2 and AUR (25 mg/kg) significantly preserved the levels of these biomarkers. The combination of AUR concentrations and E2 showed that this treatment efficiently preserved the levels of these biomarkers. Furthermore, the combination of E2 and AUR (25 mg/kg) c could cause the most effective synergistic interaction. CONCLUSION AUR could act synergistically with E2 to treat brain injury complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakieh Keshavarzi
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Nazari
- College of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Elham Jafari
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Chahkandi
- Department of Physiology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Rakesh K Sindhu
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
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Abbasloo E, Khaksari M, Sanjari M, Kobeissy F, Thomas TC. Carvacrol decreases blood-brain barrier permeability post-diffuse traumatic brain injury in rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14546. [PMID: 37666857 PMCID: PMC10477335 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40915-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we showed that Satureja Khuzestanica Jamzad essential oil (SKEO) and its major component, carvacrol (CAR), 5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol, has anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-edematous properties after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats. CAR, predominantly found in Lamiaceae family (Satureja and Oregano), is lipophilic, allowing diffusion across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). These experiments test the hypothesis that acute treatment with CAR after TBI can attenuate oxidative stress and BBB permeability associated with CAR's anti-edematous traits. Rats were divided into six groups and injured using Marmarou weight drop: Sham, TBI, TBI + Vehicle, TBI + CAR (100 and 200 mg/kg) and CAR200-naive treated rats. Intraperitoneal injection of vehicle or CAR was administered thirty minutes after TBI induction. 24 h post-injury, brain edema, BBB permeability, BBB-related protein levels, and oxidative capacity were measured. Data showed CAR 200 mg/kg treatment decreased brain edema and prevented BBB permeability. CAR200 decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), indicating the mechanism of BBB protection is, in part, through antioxidant activity. Also, CAR 200 mg/kg treatment suppressed matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and increased ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5 levels. These data indicate that CAR can promote antioxidant activity and decrease post-injury BBB permeability, further supporting CAR as a potential early therapeutic intervention that is inexpensive and more readily available worldwide. However, more experiments are required to determine CAR's long-term impact on TBI pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Abbasloo
- Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Institute of Neuropharmacology, Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mojgan Sanjari
- Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Kerman, Iran
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Theresa Currier Thomas
- College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Child Health, Phoenix, USA
- BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, USA
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Vaghebin R, Khalili M, Amiresmaili S, Roghani M, Esmaeili Saber SS, Namdar H. Saphenous vein phlebotomy alleviates neuroinflammatory response and oxidative stress following traumatic brain injury. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2022.101626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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11
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Gowhari Shabgah A, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Ebrahimzadeh F, Mohammadi H, Askari E, Pahlavani N, Malekahmadi M, Ebrahimi Nik M, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J. A comprehensive review of chemokine CXC17 (VCC1) in cancer, infection, and inflammation. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1557-1570. [PMID: 35811438 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A crucial component of the immune system are chemokiness. Chemokine's dysregulation has been linked to a number of pathological diseases. Recently, CXCL17, a chemokine belonging to the CXC subfamily, was identified. With regard to a number of physiological conditions and disorders, CXCL17 either has homeostatic or pathogenic effects. Some research suggests that CXCL17 is an orphan ligand, despite the fact that G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 35 has been suggested as a possible receptor for CXCL17. Since CXCL17 is primarily secreted by mucosal epithelia, such as those in the digestive and respiratory tracts, under physiological circumstances, this chemokine is referred to as a mucosal chemokine. Macrophages and monocytes are the cells that express GPR35 and hence react to CXCL17. In homeostatic conditions, this chemokine has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and chemotactic properties. CXCL17 promotes angiogenesis, metastasis, and cell proliferation in pathologic circumstances like malignancies. However, other studies suggest that CXCL17 may have anti-tumor properties. Additionally, studies have shown that CXCL17 may have a role in conditions such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, multiple sclerosis, asthma, and systemic sclerosis. Additionally, deregulation of CXCL17 in some diseases may serve as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis. Clarifying the underlying mechanism of CXCL17's activity in homeostatic and pathological situations may thus increase our understanding of its role and hold promise for the development of novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Elham Askari
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naseh Pahlavani
- Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mahsa Malekahmadi
- Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ebrahimi Nik
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Gowhari Shabgah A, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Mohammadi H, Ebrahimzadeh F, Oveisee M, Jahanara A, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J. The Role of Atypical Chemokine Receptor D6 (ACKR2) in Physiological and Pathological Conditions; Friend, Foe, or Both? Front Immunol 2022; 13:861931. [PMID: 35677043 PMCID: PMC9168005 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.861931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines exert crucial roles in inducing immune responses through ligation to their canonical receptors. Besides these receptors, there are other atypical chemokine receptors (ACKR1–4) that can bind to a wide range of chemokines and carry out various functions in the body. ACKR2, due to its ability to bind various CC chemokines, has attracted much attention during the past few years. ACKR2 has been shown to be expressed in different cells, including trophoblasts, myeloid cells, and especially lymphoid endothelial cells. In terms of molecular functions, ACKR2 scavenges various inflammatory chemokines and affects inflammatory microenvironments. In the period of pregnancy and fetal development, ACKR2 plays a pivotal role in maintaining the fetus from inflammatory reactions and inhibiting subsequent abortion. In adults, ACKR2 is thought to be a resolving agent in the body because it scavenges chemokines. This leads to the alleviation of inflammation in different situations, including cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, neurological disorders, and infections. In cancer, ACKR2 exerts conflicting roles, either tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressing. On the one hand, ACKR2 inhibits the recruitment of tumor-promoting cells and suppresses tumor-promoting inflammation to blockade inflammatory responses that are favorable for tumor growth. In contrast, scavenging chemokines in the tumor microenvironment might lead to disruption in NK cell recruitment to the tumor microenvironment. Other than its involvement in diseases, analyzing the expression of ACKR2 in body fluids and tissues can be used as a biomarker for diseases. In conclusion, this review study has tried to shed more light on the various effects of ACKR2 on different inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maziar Oveisee
- Clinical Research Center, Pastor Educational Hospital, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Abbas Jahanara
- Clinical Research Center, Pastor Educational Hospital, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Jamshid Gholizadeh Navashenaq
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
- *Correspondence: Jamshid Gholizadeh Navashenaq, ;
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13
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Possible involvement of female sex steroid hormones in intracellular signal transduction mediated by cytokines following traumatic brain injury. Brain Res Bull 2021; 178:108-119. [PMID: 34838851 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of female sex hormones on the level of intracellular molecules of cytokine signaling pathway after diffuse traumatic brain injury (TBI) in ovariectomized rats. METHODS Female rats were divided into 10 groups: control, sham, TBI, Vehicle (oil), Vehicle E1 (33.3 µg/kg), E2 (1 mg / kg), P1 (1.7 mg/kg), P2 (8 mg / kg), E2 + P1. All drugs were injected 0.5 h after TBI. Brain edema and the brain levels of P-STAT-3, NFκB-P52, NFκB-P65, P-IκB, and SOCS-3 by immunohistochemistry measured at 24 h after TBI. RESULTS Increased brain edema after TBI was inhibited by different doses of estrogen, progesterone (P < 0.001), and E2 + P1 (P < 0.05). The brain levels of P-STAT-3, NFκB-P52, NFκB-P65, and p-IκBα that increased after TBI was decreased only by E2 (P < 0.05). E2 and E2 + P1 have increased the SOCS-3 level after TBI (P < 0.05). Also, there was a difference between the E2 with E1 and two progesterone doses (P < 0.05). So that in all cases, the effects of E2 were more significant than the other groups. The target cells for these effects of E2 were microglia and astrocytes. CONCLUSION The results indicate that one of the probable mechanism(s) of estrogen anti-inflammatory effect after TBI is either reduction of p-STAT-3, NFκB-P52, p-NFκB-P65, and p-IκBα or increase in SOCS-3 molecules involved in the signaling pathway of inflammatory cytokines.
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Chahkandi M, Sepehri G, Komeili G, Hadad MK, Haghparast E, Chahkandi M. The different role of G-protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) in the interaction effects of marijuana and estradiol on spatial learning and memory at different ages. Brain Res Bull 2021; 178:155-163. [PMID: 34800583 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Some studies suggest that the effect of cannabis on behavior performance depends on the presence of ovarian hormones and the age of use initiation. Estradiol is the main ovarian hormone that can interact with cannabinoids. It has been suggested that cannabinoids exert some of their effects directly through estrogen receptors (ERs). A novel G-protein-coupled receptor (GPR30) was described as mediating estrogen signaling in various cell lines. Since there are few studies on the interaction of cannabis and ovarian hormones on cognitive behaviors, so, this study evaluated the role of GPR30 in the effects of marijuana (M) and estrogen, alone and in combination, on spatial learning and memory of young (non-ovarian(OVX)) and old female rats. Young (5-7 months) and old (22-24 months) female rats received an intraperitoneal injection (i.p) of 17β-estradiol (E2), G1 (GPR30 agonist), and G15 (GPR30 antagonist) every four days, and M (every day), either alone or in combination, for 28 days. One hour after the last injection, the Morris water maze (MWM) test was conducted to evaluate of spatial learning and memory. Moreover, hippocampal BDNF level was assessed by the ELISA method. The results showed a positive effect of M on spatial learning in both young and old rats, however, E2 showed beneficial effects on the memory of young, but not old rats. Our results showed that GPR30 does not have any role in the interaction effects of M and E2 in young rats. Although both E2 and M alone showed positive effects on spatial learning and memory in old rats, however, our results showed a negative interaction between marijuana and E2 combined effects on spatial learning and memory in old female rats which is mediated by GPR30. Our results showed that the effects of GPR30 on spatial learning and memory is age dependent. Furthermore, this study showed that hippocampal BDNF does not have any role in the interaction effects of M and E2 on spatial learning and memory in young and old rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Chahkandi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Sepehri
- Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Komeili
- Department of Physiology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari Hadad
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elham Haghparast
- Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Majid Chahkandi
- Department of Statistics, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
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15
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Keshavarzi Z, Amiresmaili S, Shahrokhi N, Bibak B, Shakeri F. Neuroprotective effects of auraptene following traumatic brain injury in male rats: The role of oxidative stress. Brain Res Bull 2021; 177:203-209. [PMID: 34624461 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is widely acknowledged as a significant risk factor for death and disability. Our goal in this experiment was to see if Auraptene (AUR) could help rats recover from TBI-induced disability by measuring of oxidative stress parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of six groups: sham, TBI, Vehicle (DMSO), TBI+ AUR (4 mg/kg), TBI + AUR (8 mg/kg), TBI + AUR (25 mg/kg). The animals were anesthetized. After that, diffuse TBI was done by Marmarou model in male rats. Then, the brain tissues were harvested. Some of oxidative stress parameters, and TNFα levels were evaluated. RESULTS TBI-induced brain damage was significantly inhibited by AUR (25 mg/kg), as evidenced by decreased Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Nitric Oxide (NO) levels, oxidative stress inhibition and reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in the brain. CONCLUSION This study showed that probably the AUR prevents complications of TBI through decreases in brain edema, modulating oxidative stress, and reductions in the levels of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakieh Keshavarzi
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran; Department of Physiology, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | | | - Nader Shahrokhi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Bahram Bibak
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran; Department of Physiology, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Farzane Shakeri
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran; Department of Physiology, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
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