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Jia SM, Chen MH, Yang PF, Wang L, Wang GY, Liu LY, Ma WL. Seasonal variations and sources of atmospheric EPFRs in a megacity in severe cold region: Implications for the influence of strong coal and biomass combustion. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:119067. [PMID: 38704002 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) can pose exposure risks by inducing the generation of reactive oxygen species. As a new class of pollutants, EPFRs have been frequently detected in atmospheric particulate matters. In this study, the seasonal variations and sources of EPFRs in a severe cold region in Northeastern China were comprehensively investigated, especially for the high pollution events. The geomean concentration of EPFRs in the total suspended particle was 6.58 × 1013 spins/m3 and the mean level in winter was one order of magnitude higher than summer and autumn. The correlation network analysis showed that EPFRs had significantly positive correlation with carbon component, K+ and PAHs, indicating that EPFRs were primarily emitted from combustion and pyrolysis process. The source appointment by the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model indicated that the dominant sources in the heating season were coal combustion (48.4%), vehicle emission (23.1%) and biomass burning (19.4%), while the top three sources in the non-heating season were others (41.4%), coal combustion (23.7%) and vehicle emissions (21.2%). It was found that the high EPFRs in cold season can be ascribed to the extensive use of fossil fuel for heating demand; while the high EPFRs occurred in early spring were caused by the large-scale opening combustion of biomass. In summary, this study provided important basic information for better understanding the pollution characteristics of EPFRs, which suggested that the implementation of energy transformation and straw utilization was benefit for the control of EPFRs in severe cold region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ming Jia
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Mei-Hong Chen
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Pu-Fei Yang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Liang Wang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Guo-Ying Wang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Li-Yan Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Wan-Li Ma
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin, 150090, China.
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Zhao Z, Li H, Wei Y, Fang G, Jiang Q, Pang Y, Huang W, Tang M, Jing Y, Feng X, Luo XS, Berkemeier T. Airborne environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) in PM 2.5 from combustion sources: Abundance, cytotoxicity and potential exposure risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172202. [PMID: 38599399 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
As an emerging atmospheric pollutant, airborne environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are formed during many combustion processes and pose various adverse health effects. In health-oriented air pollution control, it is vital to evaluate the health effects of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from different emission sources. In this study, various types of combustion-derived PM2.5 were collected on filters in a partial-flow dilution tunnel sampling system from three typical emission sources: coal combustion, biomass burning, and automobile exhaust. Substantial concentrations of EPFRs were determined in PM2.5 samples and associated with significant potential exposure risks. Results from in vitro cytotoxicity and oxidative potential assays suggest that EPFRs may cause substantial generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon inhalation exposure to PM2.5 from anthropogenic combustion sources, especially from automobile exhaust. This study provides important evidence for the source- and concentration-dependent health effects of EPFRs in PM2.5 and motivates further assessments to advance public health-oriented PM2.5 emission control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhao
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hanhan Li
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yaqian Wei
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Guodong Fang
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yuting Pang
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Zhejiang Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Weijie Huang
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingwei Tang
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yuanshu Jing
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xinyuan Feng
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiao-San Luo
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Thomas Berkemeier
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Herath HMUL, Piao MJ, Kang KA, Fernando PDSM, Hyun JW. Protective effect of 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde against PM 2.5-induced cell cycle arrest and autophagy in keratinocytes. Mol Cells 2024; 47:100066. [PMID: 38679413 PMCID: PMC11126928 DOI: 10.1016/j.mocell.2024.100066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) poses a serious threat to human health and is responsible for respiratory disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and skin disorders. 3-Bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (3-BDB), abundant in marine red algae, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities. In this study, we investigated the protective mechanisms of 3-BDB against PM2.5-induced cell cycle arrest and autophagy in human keratinocytes. Intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, intracellular Ca2+ level, and autophagy activation were tested. 3-BDB was found to restore cell proliferation and viability which were reduced by PM2.5. Furthermore, 3-BDB reduced PM2.5-induced reactive oxygen species levels, DNA damage, and attenuated cell cycle arrest. Moreover, 3-BDB ameliorated the PM2.5-induced increases in cellular Ca2+ level and autophagy activation. While PM2.5 treatment reduced cell growth and viability, these were restored by the treatment with the autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1 or 3-BDB. The findings indicate that 3-BDB ameliorates skin cell death caused by PM2.5 via inhibiting cell cycle arrest and autophagy. Hence, 3-BDB can be exploited as a preventive/therapeutic agent for PM2.5-induced skin impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herath Mudiyanselage Udari Lakmini Herath
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mei Jing Piao
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ah Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Pincha Devage Sameera Madushan Fernando
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
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Cao H, Ding P, Li X, Huang C, Li X, Chen X, Zhang L, Qi J. Environmentally persistent free radicals on photoaged microplastics from disposable plastic cups induce the oxidative stress-associated toxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 464:132990. [PMID: 37976855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that exerting multiple toxicological effects. Most studies have focused primarily on the models of unaged MPs and lack environmental relevance. The generation and toxicity of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) on photoaging MPs from disposable plastic cups (DPC-MPs) have not been well studied. Here, the formation of EPFRs on photoaged DPC-MPs and their toxic effects in nematodes were investigated. UV irradiation generated EPFRs, which influenced the characterization of DPC-MPs. Exposure to photoaged DPC-MPs at environmentally relevant concentrations (100-1000 μg/L) reduced the locomotion behavior, body length, and brood size. The Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipofuscin accumulation, malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels were increased along with the downregulation of the expression levels of associated genes, such as clk-1, clt-1, and gst-4,in nematodes. Moreover, the toxicity and oxidative stress response of nematodes were significantly inhibited due to N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that the oxidative stress was significantly associated with adverse physiological effects. Therefore, EPFRs on photoaged DPC-MPs cause toxicity in nematodes, and oxidative stress is important for regulating toxicity. This study offers novel insights into the potential risks of DPC-MPs under UV irradiation, highlighting the need to consider the role of EPFRs in toxicity assessments of DPC-MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanling Cao
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Ping Ding
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Xintong Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Chushan Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Xiaoxia Chen
- Institute for Environmental pollution and health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China.
| | - Jianying Qi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China.
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Yan Z, Ge P, Lu Z, Liu X, Cao M, Chen W, Chen M. The Cytotoxic Effects of Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5) from Different Sources at the Air-Liquid Interface Exposure on A549 Cells. TOXICS 2023; 12:21. [PMID: 38250977 PMCID: PMC10821317 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The health of humans has been negatively impacted by PM2.5 exposure, but the chemical composition and toxicity of PM2.5 might vary depending on its source. To investigate the toxic effects of particulate matter from different sources on lung epithelial cells (A549), PM2.5 samples were collected from residential, industrial, and transportation areas in Nanjing, China. The chemical composition of PM2.5 was analyzed, and toxicological experiments were conducted. The A549 cells were exposed using an air-liquid interface (ALI) exposure system, and the cytotoxic indicators of the cells were detected. The research results indicated that acute exposure to different sources of particulate matter at the air-liquid interface caused damage to the cells, induced the production of ROS, caused apoptosis, inflammatory damage, and DNA damage, with a dose-effect relationship. The content of heavy metals and PAHs in PM2.5 from the traffic source was relatively high, and the toxic effect of the traffic-source samples on the cells was higher than that of the industrial- and residential-source samples. The cytotoxicity of particulate matter was mostly associated with water-soluble ions, carbon components, heavy metals, PAHs, and endotoxin, based on the analysis of the Pearson correlation. Oxidative stress played an important role in PM2.5-induced biological toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhansheng Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; (Z.Y.); (P.G.); (X.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Pengxiang Ge
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; (Z.Y.); (P.G.); (X.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Zhenyu Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; (Z.Y.); (P.G.); (X.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; (Z.Y.); (P.G.); (X.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Maoyu Cao
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Wankang Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; (Z.Y.); (P.G.); (X.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Mindong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; (Z.Y.); (P.G.); (X.L.); (W.C.)
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Oh HJ, Chen Y, Kim H. Deposition of secondary organic aerosol in human lung model: Effect of photochemically aged aerosol on human respiratory system. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 265:115497. [PMID: 37729697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafine particles (UFP) of Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) penetrate deep into the human respiratory system and exert fatal effects on human health. However, there is little data on the potential deposited doses of UFP-generated SOA in the human respiratory tract. This study is to estimate the fraction of aerosol deposition using a multiple-path-particle-dosimetry (MPPD) model. For relevancy of real life, the model employed measured concentrations of toluene-derived fresh and aged SOA produced within serially connected smog chamber and PAM-OFR (Potential Aerosol Mass-Oxidation Flow Reactor) under atmospheric environmental conditions (NOx and relative humidity). The number concentrations and chemical composition of fresh and aged aerosols produced within the chambers were measured using Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) and High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS), while the morphology of individual particles was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The number concentration of aged SOA-w/s was more than double compared to that of fresh SOA-w/s (maximum reached after 10 h) with its size less than 100 nm. The O:C ratio for aged SOA-w/s were 0.96 and 1.15 depending on RH (0.96 at 3% RH and 1.15 at 50% RH), and individual spherical particles containing water were present in agglomerates with its size of less than 1 µm. In all inhalable fresh and aged SOA produced in the two chambers, 5-22% of aerosol is deposited in the Head airways, 4-8% in the tracheobronchial, and 8-34% in the alveolar regions. The predominant deposition of the aged aerosol occurred in the alveoli (in the generation 20th lobe), and the deposition faction in the alveoli was 2-3 times higher in the children group than the adults group. This study presented a quantitative exposure assessment of SOA generated under a realistic simulation and suggested the possibility of evaluating long-term exposure to SOA and potential health effects by determining the potential inhalable aerosol doses and the fraction of deposition in the human respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Ju Oh
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
| | - Yanfang Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hwajin Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
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Tian J, Wang X, Shi H, Wu H, Wang C, Liu N, Guan L, Zhang Z. Sestrin2/Keap1/Nrf2 pathway regulates mucus hypersecretion in pulmonary epithelium induced by traffic-related PM 2.5 and water-soluble extracts. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115455. [PMID: 37708689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure in the progression of asthma has been extensively discussed in epidemiological and experimental evidence, which aroused widespread attention. Asthma is characterized by mucus hypersecretion. This study investigates the underlying toxic mechanism of traffic-related PM2.5 (TRPM2.5) and water-soluble extracts (WSE) on mucus hypersecretion in the lungs of rats with asthma and 16HBE cells. The ovalbumin-induced rats were administrated by instillation of TRPM2.5 and WSE in the trachea once three days for eight times. The results showed that TRPM2.5 and WSE had an adverse impact on mucus secretion. Specifically, conspicuous mucus stains and increased goblet cells in the bronchial epithelium by PAS staining were found in lung tissues of rats with asthma; MUC5AC gene and protein expression levels in lung tissues of rats with asthma and 16HBE cells were elevated. In addition, TRPM2.5 and WSE triggered oxidative damage via upregulation of malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase as well as activation of the Sestrin2/Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Conversely, the knockdown of Sestrin2 effectively inhibited TRPM2.5 and WSE-induced mucus hypersecretion, oxidative stress, and Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway and its downstream target gene NQO1. Collectively, it was demonstrated that TRPM2.5 and WSE induced mucus hypersecretion mediated by the Sestrin2/Keap1/Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Tian
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, 030001 Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Center for Ecological Public Health Security of Yellow River Basin, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, 030001 Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, 030001 Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 264003 Yantai, Shandong, China; Center for Ecological Public Health Security of Yellow River Basin, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, 030001 Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Hao Shi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, 030001 Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Center for Ecological Public Health Security of Yellow River Basin, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, 030001 Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, 030001 Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Center for Ecological Public Health Security of Yellow River Basin, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, 030001 Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, 030001 Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Center for Ecological Public Health Security of Yellow River Basin, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, 030001 Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, 030001 Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Center for Ecological Public Health Security of Yellow River Basin, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, 030001 Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Linlin Guan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, 030001 Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Center for Ecological Public Health Security of Yellow River Basin, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, 030001 Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, 030001 Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Center for Ecological Public Health Security of Yellow River Basin, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, 030001 Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China.
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He Q, Zhao W, Luo P, Wang L, Sun Q, Zhang W, Yin D, Zhang Y, Cai Z. Contamination profiles and potential health risks of environmentally persistent free radicals in PM 2.5 over typical central Chinese megacity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115437. [PMID: 37696081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most important transportation hubs and industrial bases in China, Zhengzhou has suffered from serious PM2.5 pollution for a long time. However, the investigation of contamination status and possible exposure risks of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) in PM2.5 from Zhengzhou is rare. In this work, a comprehensive study of pollution levels, seasonal variations, sources, and potential health risks of PM2.5-bound EPFRs in Zhengzhou was conducted for the first time. The atmospheric concentrations of EPFRs in PM2.5 from Zhengzhou ranged from 1.732 × 1012 spin m-3 to 7.182 × 1014 spin m-3 between 2019 and 2020. Relatively serious contamination was noticed in winter and spring. Primary fossil fuel combustion and Fe-mediated secondary formation were apportioned as possible sources of PM2.5-bound EPFRs in Zhengzhou. Moreover, to avert the bias of the toxicity assessment induced by utilization of incompletely extracted EPFRs from sample filter, simulatively generated EPFRs were applied to toxicological evaluations (cell viability and reactive oxygen species assays). Corresponding experimental dosages were based on the estimated adults' annual exposure amounts of EPFRs in real PM2.5 samples. The results elucidated that EPFRs might cause growth inhibition and oxidative stress of human lung cells, suggesting the possible exposure-induced health concerns for local people in Zhengzhou. This study provides practical information of real contamination status of PM2.5-bound EPFRs in Zhengzhou, which is favorable to local air pollution control and reduction of exposure risks on public health in central China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun He
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Wuduo Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Peiru Luo
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Lingyun Wang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Qiannan Sun
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Wenfen Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Dan Yin
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Yanhao Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative region of China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative region of China
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Fujitani Y, Furuyama A, Hayashi M, Hagino H, Kajino M. Assessing oxidative stress induction ability and oxidative potential of PM 2.5 in cities in eastern and western Japan. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138308. [PMID: 36889470 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important cause of respiratory diseases associated with exposure to PM2.5. Accordingly, acellular methods for assessing the oxidative potential (OP) of PM2.5 have been evaluated extensively for use as indicators of oxidative stress in living organisms. However, OP-based assessments only reflect the physicochemical properties of particles and do not consider particle-cell interactions. Therefore, to determine the potency of OP under various PM2.5 scenarios, oxidative stress induction ability (OSIA) assessments were performed using a cell-based method, the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) assay, and the findings were compared with OP measurements obtained using an acellular method, the dithiothreitol assay. For these assays, PM2.5 filter samples were collected in two cities in Japan. To quantitatively determine the relative contribution of the quantity of metals and subtypes of organic aerosols (OA) in PM2.5 to the OSIA and the OP, online measurements and offline chemical analysis were also performed. The findings showed a positive relationship between the OSIA and OP for water-extracted samples, confirming that the OP is generally well suited for use as an indicator of the OSIA. However, the correspondence between the two assays differed for samples with a high water-soluble (WS)-Pb content, which had a higher OSIA than would be expected from the OP of other samples. The results of reagent-solution experiments showed that the WS-Pb induced the OSIA, but not the OP, in 15-min reactions, suggesting a reason for the inconsistent relationship between the two assays across samples. Multiple linear regression analyses and reagent-solution experiments showed that WS transition metals and biomass burning OA accounted for approximately 30-40% and 50% of the total OSIA or the total OP of water-extracted PM2.5 samples, respectively. This is the first study to evaluate the association between cellular oxidative stress assessed by the HO-1 assay and the different subtypes of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Fujitani
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Akiko Furuyama
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hayashi
- Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jyonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hagino
- Japan Automobile Research Institute, 2530 Karima, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0822, Japan
| | - Mizuo Kajino
- Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, 1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0052, Japan
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10
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Yu YQ, Zhu T. Effects of endogenous and exogenous reductants in lung fluid on the bioaccessible metal concentration and oxidative potential of ultrafine particles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163652. [PMID: 37094683 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Health risk posed by ultrafine particles (UFPs) is potentially increased by reducing substances present in lung fluid, although knowledge of the underlying mechanisms is insufficient. Here, UFPs mainly consisting of metals and quinones were prepared. The reducing substances examined included lung endogenous and exogenous reductants. UFPs were extracted in simulated lung fluid containing reductants. Extracts were used to analyze metrics relevant to health effects, including the bioaccessible metal concentration (MeBA) and oxidative potential (OPDTT). The MeBA of Mn (974.5-9896.9 μg L-1) was higher than those of Cu (155.0-599.6 μg L-1) and Fe (79.9-500.9 μg L-1). Correspondingly, UFPs containing Mn had higher OPDTT (2.07-12.0 pmol min-1 μg-1) than those containing Cu (2.03-7.11 pmol min-1 μg-1) and Fe (1.63-5.34 pmol min-1 μg-1). Endogenous and exogenous reductants can increase MeBA and OPDTT, and the increments were generally higher for composite than pure UFPs. Positive correlations between OPDTT and MeBA of UFPs in the presence of most reductants emphasized the importance of the bioaccessible metal fraction in UFPs for inducing oxidative stress by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating reactions between quinones, metals, and lung reductants. Present findings provide novel insight into the toxicity and health risks of UFPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qi Yu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| | - Tong Zhu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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11
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Chen H, Jiang Y, Gu Y, Ding P, Wang C, Pan R, Shi C, Zeng L, Chen X, Li H. The generation of environmentally persistent free radicals on photoaged microbeads from cosmetics enhances the toxicity via oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 174:107875. [PMID: 36933305 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microbeads used in personal care products have been one of the important sources of microplastics (MPs), and little has been reported on their environmental behaviors and health risks. The characteristics of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) and the toxicity assessment of MPs (environmentally relevant concentrations) from cosmetics during photoaging remains largely unknown. In this study, the formation of EPFRs on polyethylene (PE) microbeads from facial scrubs under light irradiation and their toxicity were investigated using C. elegans as a model organism. The results suggested that light irradiation induced the generation of EPFRs, which accelerates the aging process and alters the physicochemical properties of PE microbeads. Acute exposure to PE (1 mg/L) at photoaged times of 45-60 d significantly decreased the physiological indicators (e.g., head thrashes, body bends, and brood size). The oxidative stress response and stress-related gene expression were also enhanced in nematodes. The addition of N-acetyl-l-cysteine induced significant inhibition of toxicity and oxidative stress in nematodes exposed to 45-60 d of photoaged PE. The Pearson correlation results showed that the concentration of EPFRs was significantly correlated with physiological indicators, oxidative stress, and related-genes expression in nematodes. The data confirmed that the generation of EPFRs combined with heavy metals and organics contributed to toxicity induced by photoaged PE, and oxidative stress might be involved in regulating adverse effects in C. elegans. The study provides new insight into the potential risks of microbeads released into the environment during photoaging. The findings also highlight the necessity for considering the role of EPFRs formation in evaluating the impacts of microbeads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Chen
- Institute for Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yongqi Jiang
- Institute for Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yulun Gu
- Institute for Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ping Ding
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Institute for Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ruolin Pan
- Institute for Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chongli Shi
- Institute for Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lingjun Zeng
- Institute for Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiaoxia Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute for Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Niu X, Liu X, Zhang B, Zhang Q, Xu H, Zhang H, Sun J, Ho KF, Chuang HC, Shen Z, Cao J. Health benefits from substituting raw biomass fuels for charcoal and briquette fuels: In vitro toxicity analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161332. [PMID: 36596416 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 (particulate matters with diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) from biomass fuel combustion has been identified as a major cause of cardiopulmonary diseases. Briquette and charcoal are two representative processed fuels that exhibit different emission characteristics. This study compared three types of biomass fuels (maize straw, wheat straw, and wood branches) and their respective processed fuels in terms of their emission factors (EFs). The bioreactivity of human alveolar epithelial (A549) cells to exposure to various fuel-emitted PM2.5 was assessed. The EFs of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were calculated to compare actual cytotoxicity. The PM2.5 EFs of maize and wheat straw were higher than those of wood branches, and following the processes of briquetting and carbonization, the EFs of PM2.5 and chemical components were effectively reduced. Cell membrane damage and inflammatory responses were observed after A549 cell exposure to PM2.5 extracts. The expression of bioreactivity to briquettes and charcoals was lower than that to raw fuels. The EFs of LDH and IL-6 were also significantly reduced after briquetting and carbonization. This underscores the necessity of fuel treatment for reducing cytotoxicity. The crucial chemical components that contributed to cell oxidative and inflammatory responses were identified, including organic and elemental carbon, water-soluble ions (e.g., K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+), metals (e.g., Fe, Cr, and Ni), and high-molecular-weight PAHs. This study elucidated the similarities and differences of PM2.5 emissions and cytotoxicity of three types of biomass fuel and demonstrated the positive effects of fuel treatment on reducing adverse pulmonary effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Niu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xinyao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Hongai Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Junji Cao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
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Hassan MA, Mehmood T, Lodhi E, Bilal M, Dar AA, Liu J. Lockdown Amid COVID-19 Ascendancy over Ambient Particulate Matter Pollution Anomaly. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13540. [PMID: 36294120 PMCID: PMC9603700 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Air is a diverse mixture of gaseous and suspended solid particles. Several new substances are being added to the air daily, polluting it and causing human health effects. Particulate matter (PM) is the primary health concern among these air toxins. The World Health Organization (WHO) addressed the fact that particulate pollution affects human health more severely than other air pollutants. The spread of air pollution and viruses, two of our millennium's most serious concerns, have been linked closely. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can spread through the air, and PM could act as a host to spread the virus beyond those in close contact. Studies on COVID-19 cover diverse environmental segments and become complicated with time. As PM pollution is related to everyday life, an essential awareness regarding PM-impacted COVID-19 among the masses is required, which can help researchers understand the various features of ambient particulate pollution, particularly in the era of COVID-19. Given this, the present work provides an overview of the recent developments in COVID-19 research linked to ambient particulate studies. This review summarizes the effect of the lockdown on the characteristics of ambient particulate matter pollution, the transmission mechanism of COVID-19, and the combined health repercussions of PM pollution. In addition to a comprehensive evaluation of the implementation of the lockdown, its rationales-based on topographic and socioeconomic dynamics-are also discussed in detail. The current review is expected to encourage and motivate academics to concentrate on improving air quality management and COVID-19 control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Azher Hassan
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tariq Mehmood
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ehtisham Lodhi
- The SKL for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Afzal Ahmed Dar
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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