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Tayyab M, Kazmi SSUH, Pastorino P, Saqib HSA, Yaseen ZM, Hanif MS, Islam W. Microplastics in agroecosystems: Soil-plant dynamics and effective remediation approaches. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142641. [PMID: 38906184 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Increasing microplastic (MP) pollution, primarily from anthropogenic sources such as plastic film mulching, waste degradation, and agricultural practices, has emerged as a pressing global environmental concern. This review examines the direct and indirect effects of MPs on crops, both in isolation and in conjunction with other contaminants, to elucidate their combined toxicological impacts. Organic fertilizers predominantly contain 78.6% blue, 9.5% black, and 8.3% red MPs, while irrigation water in agroecosystems contains 66.2% white, 15.4% blue, and 8.1% black MPs, ranging from 0-1 mm to 4-5 mm in size. We elucidate five pivotal insights: Firstly, soil MPs exhibit affinity towards crop roots, seeds, and vascular systems, impeding water and nutrient uptake. Secondly, MPs induce oxidative stress in crops, disrupting vital metabolic processes. Thirdly, leachates from MPs elicit cytotoxic and genotoxic responses in crops. Fourthly, MPs disrupt soil biotic and abiotic dynamics, influencing water and nutrient availability for crops. Lastly, the cumulative effects of MPs and co-existing contaminants in agricultural soils detrimentally affect crop yield. Thus, we advocate agronomic interventions as practical remedies. These include biochar input, application of growth regulators, substitution of plastic mulch with crop residues, promotion of biological degradation, and encouragement of crop diversification. However, the efficacy of these measures varies based on MP type and dosage. As MP volumes increase, exploring alternative mitigation strategies such as bio-based plastics and environmentally friendly biotechnological solutions is imperative. Recognizing the persistence of plastics, policymakers should enact legislation favoring the mitigation and substitution of non-degradable materials with bio-derived or compostable alternatives. This review demonstrates the urgent need for collective efforts to alleviate MP pollution and emphasizes sustainable interventions for agricultural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tayyab
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Syed Shabi Ul Hassan Kazmi
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Paolo Pastorino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Hafiz Sohaib Ahmed Saqib
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Zaher Mundher Yaseen
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sajid Hanif
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Waqar Islam
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
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La Y, Zhang L, Zhao N, Ye H, Zeng Q, Zhao L, Wang Z, Lin D, Wang R. The microplastics distribution characteristics and their impact on soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities in food legumes farmland in northern China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134282. [PMID: 38657509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pose a threat to farmland soil quality and crop safety. MPs exist widely in food legumes farmland soil due to the extensive use of agricultural film and organic fertilizer, but their distribution characteristics and their impact on soil environment have not been reported. The abundance and characteristics of MPs, soil physical and chemical properties, and bacterial community composition were investigated in 76 soil samples from five provinces in northern China. The results showed that the abundance of MPs ranged from 1600 to 36,200 items/kg. MPs in soil were mostly fibrous, less than 0.2 mm, and white. Rayon, polyester and polyethylene were the main types of MPs. The influences of MPs on soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities mainly depended on the type of MPs. Notably, polyethylene significantly decreased the proportion of silt particles, and increased the nitrate nitrogen content as well as the abundance of MPs-degrading bacteria Paenibacillus (p < 0.05). Moreover, bacteria were more sensitive to polyesters in soil with low concentration of organic matter. This study indicated that MPs in food legumes farmland soil presented a higher-level. And, they partially altered soil physicochemical properties, and soil bacteria especially in soil with low organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuepeng La
- Innovation Team of Remediation for Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmlands, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Innovation Team of Remediation for Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmlands, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Huike Ye
- Innovation Team of Remediation for Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmlands, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lijie Zhao
- Innovation Team of Remediation for Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmlands, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Zhengjun Wang
- Innovation Team of Remediation for Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmlands, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Dasong Lin
- Innovation Team of Remediation for Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmlands, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Ruigang Wang
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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Song T, Liu J, Han S, Li Y, Xu T, Xi J, Hou L, Lin Y. Effect of conventional and biodegradable microplastics on the soil-soybean system: A perspective on rhizosphere microbial community and soil element cycling. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 190:108781. [PMID: 38880060 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
As an exogenous carbon input, microplastics (MPs), especially biodegradable MPs, may significantly disrupt soil microbial communities and soil element cycling (CNPS cycling), but few studies have focused on this. Here, we focused on assessing the effects of conventional low-density polyethylene (LDPE), biodegradable polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), and polylactic acid (PLA) MPs on rhizosphere microbial communities and CNPS cycling in a soil-soybean system. The results showed that PBAT-MPs and PLA-MPs were more detrimental to soybean growth than LDPE-MPs, resulting in a reduction in shoot nitrogen (14.05% and 11.84%) and shoot biomass (33.80% and 28.09%) at the podding stage. In addition, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increased by 20.91% and 66.59%, while nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) significantly decreased by 56.91% and 69.65% in soils treated with PBAT-MPs and PLA-MPs, respectively. PBAT-MPs and PLA-MPs mainly enhanced copiotrophic bacteria (Proteobacteria) and suppressed oligotrophic bacteria (Verrucomicrobiota, Gemmatimonadota, etc.), increasing the abundance of CNPS cycling-related functional genes. LDPE-MPs tended to enrich oligotrophic bacteria (Verrucomicrobiota, etc.) and decrease the abundance of CNPS cycling-related functional genes. Correlation analysis revealed that MPs with different degradation properties selectively affected the composition and function of the bacterial community, resulting in changes in the availability of soil nutrients (especially NO3--N). Redundancy analysis further indicated that NO3--N was the primary constraining factor for soybean growth. This study provides a new perspective for revealing the underlying ecological effects of MPs on soil-plant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Song
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiaxi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Siqi Han
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tengqi Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiao Xi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lijun Hou
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Yanbing Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Pu ZT, Wang DD, Song WX, Wang C, Li ZY, Chen YL, Shimozono T, Yang ZM, Tian YQ, Xie ZH. The impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and endophytic bacteria on peanuts under the combined pollution of cadmium and microplastics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133934. [PMID: 38447370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
It remains unclear how symbiotic microbes impact the growth of peanuts when they are exposed to the pollutants cadmium (Cd) and microplastics (MPs) simultaneously. This study aimed to investigate the effects of endophytic bacteria Bacillus velezens SC60 and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis on peanut growth and rhizosphere microbial communities in the presence of Cd at 40 (Cd40) or 80 (Cd80) mg kg-1 combined without MP or the presence of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and poly butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT). This study assessed soil indicators, plant parameters, and Cd accumulation indicators. Results showed that the application of R. irregularis and B. velezens significantly enhanced soil organic carbon and increased Cd content under the conditions of Cd80 and MPs co-pollution. R. irregularis and B. velezens treatment increased peanut absorption and the enrichment coefficient for Cd, with predominate concentrations localized in the peanut roots, especially under combined pollution by Cd and MPs. Under treatments with Cd40 and Cd80 combined with PBAT pollution, soil microbes Proteobacteria exhibited a higher relative abundance, while Actinobacteria showed a higher relative abundance under treatments with Cd40 and Cd80 combined with LDPE pollution. In conclusion, under the combined pollution conditions of MPs and Cd, the co-treatment of R. irregularis and B. velezens effectively immobilized Cd in peanut roots, impeding its translocation to the shoot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Tian Pu
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Xing Song
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Yu Li
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Long Chen
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Tori Shimozono
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, United States
| | - Zhao-Min Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, United States
| | - Yong-Qiang Tian
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hong Xie
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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An Q, Zhen Z, Zhong N, Qiu D, Xie Y, Yan C. Effects of biodegradable microplastics on arsenic migration and transformation in paddy soils: a comparative analysis with conventional microplastics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:134053. [PMID: 38508111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The combined pollution of microplastics (MPs) and arsenic (As) in paddy soils has attracted more attention worldwide. However, there are few comparative studies on the effects of biodegradable and conventional MPs on As migration and transformation. Therefore, conventional (polystyrene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride) and biodegradable (polybutadiene styrene, polylactic acid, polybutylene adipate terephthalate) MPs were selected to explore and demonstrate their influences and mechanism on As migration from paddy soils to overlying water and As speciation transformation through microcosmic experiment with measuring the changes of As chemical distribution, physicochemical indexes and microbial community in paddy soils. The results showed that biodegradable MPs enhanced As migration and transformation more effective than conventional MPs during 60 d. Biodegradable MPs indirectly increased the content of As(Ⅲ) and bioavailable As by changing the microbial community structure and affecting the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and iron in soils, and promoted the As migration and transformation. PBS showed the strongest promoting effect, transforming to more As(Ⅲ) (11.43%) and bioavailable As (4.28%) than control. This helps to a better understanding of the effects of MPs on As biogeochemical cycle and to clarify the ecological and food safety risks of their combined pollution in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying An
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuo Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Nijing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Donghua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunhe Xie
- Hunan Institute of Agro-Environment and Ecology/Key Laboratory of Agro, Environment in Midstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Changzhou Yan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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6
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Zhang F, Yang X, Zhang Z. Effects of soil properties and land use patterns on the distribution of microplastics: A case study in southwest China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 356:120598. [PMID: 38490007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution in the soil environment is of great concern. However, the current research on microplastics (MPs) in Southwest China mainly focuses on their distribution characteristics and sources in soil, making the understanding of the soil properties and land use patterns influencing soil MPs insufficient. In this study, the abundance and distribution characteristics of MPs in the soil of different land use patterns in Guizhou Province were determined. The results revealed that the average abundance of MPs in soils was 2936 items/kg, ranging from 780 to 9420 items/kg. The MPs were mainly small particle size (0-0.5 mm), granular, and black, accounting for 87.5%, 36.6%, and 82.2%, respectively. The most common polymer types of MPs were polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyethylene, which accounted for 20.4%, 16.8%, and 16.4%, respectively. As soil bulk density increased, microplastic abundance and small particle size decreased. Soil microplastic abundance slightly decreased with increasing soil porosity. The abundance of MPs increased with the increase in soil pH, but no significant correlation was observed between soil organic matter content and microplastic abundance. pH was the major factor that affected the microplastic distribution, which accounted for 32.5%. This study provides insight into the distribution and influencing factors of soil MPs and also provides a theoretical basis for subsequent research on soil microplastic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fudong Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiuyuan Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhenming Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, 550025, China; Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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7
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Long Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Liu R, Qiu Z, Qiu Y, Li J, Wang W, Li X, Yin L, Wen X. Are microplastics in livestock and poultry manure an emerging threat to agricultural soil safety? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:11543-11558. [PMID: 38212564 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31857-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have attracted much attention in recent years, due to the difficulty of degradation and threats to ecological systems and humans. Based on the analysis of 1429 articles on MPs in soil, we found that we know little about the behavior and fate of manure-born MPs from the livestock and poultry production systems to agriculture soils. This review summarizes the analytical methods for sampling, separation, and identification and the occurrence of MPs in livestock and poultry manure, mainly based on 7 surveys related to manure-born MPs. Then, the sources, fate, and environmental risks of MPs in livestock and poultry manure are discussed. MPs, heavy metals, pathogens, antibiotic resistance genes, and persistent organic pollutants are common pollutants in livestock and poultry manure. Worse, manure-born MPs will become smaller, rougher, and more numerous and could easily form more toxic compound pollution after complicated processes of manure treatment, which seriously threatens agricultural soil safety. Finally, an outlook is offered for future research. We hope this article to attract attention to the risks of MPs in livestock and poultry manure and provide a reference for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuannan Long
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science &Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China
- Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - You Zhang
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science &Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China
- Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhou
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science &Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China
- Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Ruyi Liu
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science &Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China
- Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Ziyi Qiu
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science &Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China
- Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Yiming Qiu
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science &Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China
- Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science &Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China
- Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Wenming Wang
- Hunan Pilot Yanghu Reclaimed Water Co. Ltd, Changsha, 410006, China
| | - Xiwei Li
- Hunan Pilot Yanghu Reclaimed Water Co. Ltd, Changsha, 410006, China
| | - Lingshi Yin
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China
- Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China
- College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wen
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science &Technology, Changsha, 410114, China.
- Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China.
- Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China.
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8
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Xu Y, Ou Q, van der Hoek JP, Liu G, Lompe KM. Photo-oxidation of Micro- and Nanoplastics: Physical, Chemical, and Biological Effects in Environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:991-1009. [PMID: 38166393 PMCID: PMC10795193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are attracting increasing attention due to their persistence and potential ecological risks. This review critically summarizes the effects of photo-oxidation on the physical, chemical, and biological behaviors of MNPs in aquatic and terrestrial environments. The core of this paper explores how photo-oxidation-induced surface property changes in MNPs affect their adsorption toward contaminants, the stability and mobility of MNPs in water and porous media, as well as the transport of pollutants such as organic pollutants (OPs) and heavy metals (HMs). It then reviews the photochemical processes of MNPs with coexisting constituents, highlighting critical factors affecting the photo-oxidation of MNPs, and the contribution of MNPs to the phototransformation of other contaminants. The distinct biological effects and mechanism of aged MNPs are pointed out, in terms of the toxicity to aquatic organisms, biofilm formation, planktonic microbial growth, and soil and sediment microbial community and function. Furthermore, the research gaps and perspectives are put forward, regarding the underlying interaction mechanisms of MNPs with coexisting natural constituents and pollutants under photo-oxidation conditions, the combined effects of photo-oxidation and natural constituents on the fate of MNPs, and the microbiological effect of photoaged MNPs, especially the biotransformation of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghui Xu
- Key
Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre
for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
- Section
of Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of
Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft
University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Qin Ou
- Key
Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre
for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
- Section
of Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of
Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft
University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Peter van der Hoek
- Section
of Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of
Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft
University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
- Waternet,
Department Research & Innovation,
P.O. Box 94370, 1090 GJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gang Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre
for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
- Section
of Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of
Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft
University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Kim Maren Lompe
- Section
of Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of
Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft
University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
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9
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Zhao G, Zhou J, Tian Y, Chen Q, Mao D, Zhu J, Huang X. Remediation of fomesafen contaminated soil by Bacillus sp. Za: Degradation pathway, community structure and bioenhanced remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122460. [PMID: 37634569 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Fomesafen is a diphenyl ether herbicide used to control the growth of broadleaf weeds in bean fields. The persistence, phytotoxicity, and negative impact on crop rotation associated with this herbicide have led to an increasing concern about the buildup of fomesafen residues in agricultural soils. The exigent matter of treatment and remediation of soils contaminated with fomesafen has surfaced. Nevertheless, the degradation pathway of fomesafen in soil remains nebulous. In this study, Bacillus sp. Za was utilized to degrade fomesafen residues in black and yellow brown soils. Fomesafen's degradation rate by strain Za in black soil reached 74.4%, and in yellow brown soil was 69.2% within 30 days. Twelve intermediate metabolites of fomesafen were identified in different soils, with nine metabolites present in black soil and eight found in yellow brown soil. Subsequently, the degradation pathway of fomesafen within these two soils was inferred. The dynamic change process of soil bacterial community structure in the degradation of fomesafen by strain Za was analyzed. The results showed that strain Za potentially facilitate the restoration of bacterial community diversity and richness in soil samples treated with fomesafen, and there were significant differences in species composition at phylum and genus levels between these two soils. However, both soils shared a dominant phylum and genus, Actinobacteriota, Proteoobacteria, Firmicutes and Chloroflexi dominated in two soils, with a high relative abundance of Sphingomonas and Bacillus. Moreover, an intermediate metabolite acetaminophen degrading bacterium, designated as Pseudomonas sp. YXA-1, was isolated from yellow brown soil. When strain YXA-1 was employed in tandem with strain Za to remediate fomesafen contaminated soil, the degradation rate of fomesafen markedly increased. Overall, this study furnishes crucial insights into the degradation pathway of fomesafen in soil, and presents bacterial strain resources potentially beneficial for soil remediation in circumstances of fomesafen contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Yanning Tian
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Qifeng Chen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Dongmei Mao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Jianchun Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
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10
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An Q, Zhou T, Wen C, Yan C. The effects of microplastics on heavy metals bioavailability in soils: a meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132369. [PMID: 37634382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The combined pollution of heavy metals and microplastics is common in natural soil environments. Here, we collected 790 data sets from 39 studies to investigate the effects of microplastics on heavy metal bioavailability. The results showed that microplastics could increase the bioavailability of Cu, Pb, Cd, Fe, and Mn. The heavy metal bioavailability was positively correlated with microplastic size, soil sand concentration, and exposure time, but negatively correlated with soil pH and organic matter. The bioavailability of heavy metals can be promoted by microplastics of all shapes. Hydrolysable microplastics, which contain N, might have less influence. Furthermore, the size of microplastics and soil organic matter were positively correlated with the acid-soluble and reducible fractions of heavy metals, while the microplastic concentration, soil pH, and exposure time were positively correlated with the oxidizable fractions of heavy metals. The interaction detector results indicated that there was an interaction between microplastic characteristics, especially polymer types, and soil physicochemical indexes on the bioavailability of heavy metals. These findings suggested that long-term combined pollution of microplastics and heavy metals might increase heavy metal bioavailability in soils, thereby extending their migratory and hazardous range and bringing further risks to the environment and public health safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying An
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ce Wen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changzhou Yan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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11
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Han Z, Osman R, Liu Y, Wei Z, Wang L, Xu M. Analyzing the impacts of cadmium alone and in co-existence with polypropylene microplastics on wheat growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1240472. [PMID: 37636097 PMCID: PMC10449543 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1240472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals typically coexist with microplastics (MPs) in terrestrial ecosystems. Yet, little is known about how the co-existence of heavy metals and MPs affect crops. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of cadmium (Cd; 40 mg/L) alone and its co-existence with polypropylene (PP)-MPs (50 and 100 µm) on seed germination, root and shoot growth, seedling dry weight (DW), and antioxidant enzyme activities of wheat. The study demonstrated that the germination rate of wheat did not vary significantly across treatment groups. Yet, the inhibitory impact on wheat seed germination was strengthened under the co-existence of Cd and PP-MPs, as the effect of a single treatment on seed germination was non-significant. The germination index and mean germination time of wheat seeds were not affected by single or combined toxicity of Cd and PP-MPs. In contrast, Cd and PP-MPs showed synergistic effects on germination energy. Wheat root and shoot length were impeded by Cd alone and in combination with PP-MPs treatments. The DW of wheat seedlings showed significant change across treatment groups until the third day, but on the seventh day, marginal differences were observed. For example, on third day, the DW of the Cd treatment group increased by 6.9% compared to CK, whereas the DW of the 100 µm PP-MPs+Cd treatment group decreased by 8.4% compared to CK. The co-occurrence of Cd and PP-MPs indicated that 50 μm PP-MPs+Cd had an antagonistic impact on wheat seedling growth, whereas 100 μm PP-MPs+Cd had a synergistic impact due to the larger size of PP-MPs. The antioxidant enzyme system of wheat seeds and seedlings increased under single Cd pollution, while the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase were decreased under combined pollution. Our study found that Cd adversely affects wheat germination and growth, while the co-existence of Cd and PP-MPs have antagonistic and synergistic effects depending on the size of the PP-MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Han
- Miami College, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Raheel Osman
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Earth System Observation and Modeling, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Miami College, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | | | - Lin Wang
- Miami College, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Earth System Observation and Modeling, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ming Xu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Earth System Observation and Modeling, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- BNU-HKUST Laboratory for Green Innovation, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
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12
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Qiu Y, Zhou S, Qin W, Zhang C, Lv C, Zou M. Effects of land use on the distribution of soil microplastics in the Lihe River watershed, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138292. [PMID: 36870618 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination by microplastics (MPs) has gained widespread attention, whose fate may be influenced by land use types. The effects of land use types and the intensity of human activities on the distribution and sources of soil MPs at the watershed scale are unclear. In this study, 62 surface soil sites in representing five land use types (urban, tea garden, dryland, paddy field and woodland) and 8 freshwater sediment sites were investigated in the Lihe River watershed. MPs were detected in all samples, and the average abundance of soil and sediments was 401.85 ± 214.02 and 222.13 ± 54.66 items/kg, respectively. The soil MPs abundance followed the sequence: urban > paddy field > dryland > tea garden > woodland. Soil MP distribution and MP communities were significant different (p < 0.05) among land use types. The similarity of MP community highly correlated with geographic distance, and woodlands and freshwater sediments may be a potential fate for MPs in the Lihe River watershed. Soil clay, pH, and bulk density significantly correlated with MP abundance and fragment shape (p < 0.05). The positive correlation between population density, Total- Point of Interest (POI) and MP diversity indicates the importance of intensity of human activities in exacerbating soil MP pollution (p < 0.001). Plastic waste sources accounted for 65.12%, 58.60%, 48.15% and 25.35% of MPs in urban, tea garden, dryland and paddy field soils, respectively. Differences in the intensity of agricultural activities and cropping patterns were associated with different percentages of mulching film sources in the three types of agricultural soils. This study provides new ideas for the quantitative analysis of soil MP sources in different land use types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Qiu
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Shenglu Zhou
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, 210024, China.
| | - Wendong Qin
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Chuchu Zhang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chengxiang Lv
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Mengmeng Zou
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, 210024, China
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13
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Liu S, Huang J, He W, Zhang W, Yi K, Zhang C, Pang H, Huang D, Zha J, Ye C. Impact of microplastics on lead-contaminated riverine sediments: Based on the enzyme activities, DOM fractions, and bacterial community structure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 447:130763. [PMID: 36641852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are able to interact with diverse contaminants in sediments. However, the impacts of MPs on sediment properties and bacterial community structure in heavy metal-contaminated sediments remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the adsorption of Pb(II) by sediment-MPs mixtures and the effects of different concentration MPs on sediment enzyme activities, DOM fractions, and Pb bioavailability in riverine sediments, and further explored the response of sediment microbial community to Pb in the presence of MPs. The results indicated that the addition of MPs significantly decreased the adsorption amount of Pb(II) by sediments, especially decreased by 12.6% at 10% MPs treatment. Besides, the changes in enzyme activities, DOM fractions exhibited dose-dependent effects of MPs. The higher level of MPs (5% and 10%) tends to transform Pb into more bioavailable fractions in sediments. Also, MPs amendment was observed to alter sediment bacterial community structures, and community differences were evident in the uncontaminated and lead-contaminated sediments. Therein, significant increase of Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria and decrease of Firmicutes abundance in Pb-contaminated sediment at the phylum level were observed. These findings are expected to provide comprehensive information for assessing the combined ecological risks of heavy metals and MPs in riverine sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - JinHui Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - WenJuan He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - KaiXin Yi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - ChenYu Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - HaoLiang Pang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - DanLian Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jun Zha
- Hunan Yixin Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha 410004, Hunan, PR China
| | - Cong Ye
- Hunan Yixin Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha 410004, Hunan, PR China
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14
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Long Y, Zhou Z, Wen X, Wang J, Xiao R, Wang W, Li X, Lai X, Zhang Y, Deng C, Cao J, Yin L. Microplastics removal and characteristics of a typical multi-combination and multi-stage constructed wetlands wastewater treatment plant in Changsha, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137199. [PMID: 36372338 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are an important source of microplastics (MPs) entering the aquatic environment. As environmental awareness increases, WWTPs are gradually using constructed wetlands (CWs) in the depth treatment stage. There were few studies related to MPs removal efficiency of CWs, especially in multi-stage and multi-combinations CWs. Therefore, we studied MPs characteristics and removal in a typical CWs WWTP in Changsha, comparing the MPs removal efficiencies of different processes in a WWTP, focusing on the MPs abundance variation in different stages CWs. Result showed that the MPs removal efficiency of Phase Ⅰ was 87.72% and that of Phase II was 80.65%. Approximate estimates showed that the daily discharge of MPs reached 7.20 * 108 items. The MPs removal efficiency of vertical flow CWs was 25.71%. The MPs removal efficiencies of secondary and tertiary horizontal subsurface flow CWs (HSSFCWs) were 32.00% and 21.43%. The MPs removal efficiencies of secondary and tertiary surface flow CWs were 23.53% and 12.50%. The MPs removal efficiencies of three bio-ponds were -23.08%, -12.90%, and -27.27%. Combined system of bio-pond + CWs reduced the MPs removal efficiency. The most dominant shape of MPs in wastewater was fibers. The most common MPs were polyethylene and polystyrene. The primary treatment in the Changsha WWTP had the highest MPs removal efficiency. Results of this investigation showed the multi-combination and multi-stage CWs WWTP can remove most of MPs in influent, which greatly reduced the amount of MPs discharged into the aquatic environment through WWTP and provided data for analyzing the distribution of MPs in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuannan Long
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science &Technology, Changsha, 410114, China; Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China; Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhou
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science &Technology, Changsha, 410114, China; Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China; Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wen
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science &Technology, Changsha, 410114, China; Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China; Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China.
| | - Jianwu Wang
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science &Technology, Changsha, 410114, China; Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China; Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Ruihao Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Wenming Wang
- Hunan Pilot Yanghu Reclaimed Water Co. Ltd., Changsha, 410006, China
| | - Xiwei Li
- Hunan Pilot Yanghu Reclaimed Water Co. Ltd., Changsha, 410006, China
| | - Xu Lai
- Hunan Pilot Yanghu Reclaimed Water Co. Ltd., Changsha, 410006, China
| | - You Zhang
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science &Technology, Changsha, 410114, China; Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China; Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Chaoping Deng
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science &Technology, Changsha, 410114, China; Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China; Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Jinsong Cao
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science &Technology, Changsha, 410114, China; Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China; Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Lingshi Yin
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science &Technology, Changsha, 410114, China; Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China; Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China.
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