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Yu Q, Wang G, Shao Z, Sun Y, Yang Z. Changes in life history parameters and expression of key genes of Brachionus plicatilis exposed to a combination of organic and inorganic ultraviolet filters. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142213. [PMID: 38697570 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The increasing use of ultraviolet filters has become an emerging contaminant on the coast, posing potential ecological risks. Rotifers are essential components of marine ecosystems, serving as an association between primary producers and higher-level consumers. These organisms frequently encounter ultraviolet filters in coastal waters. This study aimed to assess the comprehensive effects of organic ultraviolet filters, specifically 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate (EHMC), and inorganic ultraviolet filters, namely, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), on the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. We exposed B. plicatilis to multiple combinations of different concentrations of EHMC and TiO2 NPs to observe changes in life history parameters and the expression of genes related to reproduction and antioxidant responses. Our findings indicated that increased EHMC concentrations significantly delayed the age at first reproduction, reduced the total offspring, and led to considerable alterations in the expression of genes associated with reproduction and stress. Exposure to TiO2 NPs resulted in earlier reproduction and decreased total offspring, although these changes were not synchronised in gene expression. The two ultraviolet filters had a significant interaction on the age at first reproduction and the total offspring of rotifer, with these interactions extending to the first generation. This research offers new insights into the comprehensive effects of different types of ultraviolet filters on rotifers by examining life history parameters and gene expression related to reproduction and stress, highlighting the importance of understanding the impacts of sunscreen products on zooplankton health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Gongyuan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhihao Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yunfei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Das D, Panesar PS, Saini CS. Effect of montmorillonite (MMT) on the properties of soybean meal protein isolate-based nanocomposite film loaded with debittered kinnow peel powder. Food Res Int 2024; 185:114292. [PMID: 38658072 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The synthetic, non-renewable nature and harmful effects of plastic packaging have led to the synthesis of eco-friendly renewable bio-nanocomposite film. The present work was aimed at the formulation and characterization of bio-nanocomposite film using soybean meal protein, montmorillonite (MMT), and debittered kinnow peel powder. The composition of film includes protein isolate (5% w/v), glycerol (50% w/w), peel powder (20% w/w), and MMT (0.5-2.5% w/w). Incorporation of MMT in soybean meal protein-based film loaded with kinnow peel powder showed lesser solubility (16.76-26.32%), and swelling ability (142.77-184.21%) than the film prepared without MMT (29.41%, & 229.41%, respectively). The mechanical properties like tensile strength of nanocomposite film improved from 9.41 to 38.69% with the increasing concentration of MMT. The water vapor transmission rate of the nanocomposite film was decreased by 3.45-17.85% when the MMT concentration increased. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis showed no considerable change in the structural properties of the film after the addition of MMT. Differential scanning colorimeter analysis revealed the increment in melting temperature (85.33-92.67 °C) of the film with a higher concentration of MMT. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated an increased distributed area of MMT throughout the film at higher concentrations. The antimicrobial activity of the film was remarkably increased by 4.96-17.18% with the addition of MMT. The results obtained in the current work confirmed that MMT incorporation in soybean meal protein-based film can augment its properties and can be utilized for enhancing the storage period of food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Das
- Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Longowal, Punjab 148106, India
| | - Parmjit S Panesar
- Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Longowal, Punjab 148106, India.
| | - Charanjiv S Saini
- Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Longowal, Punjab 148106, India
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Bruhns T, Sánchez-Girón Barba C, König L, Timm S, Fisch K, Sokolova IM. Combined effects of organic and mineral UV-filters on the lugworm Arenicola marina. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142184. [PMID: 38697569 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Pollution from personal care products, such as UV-filters like avobenzone and nano-zinc oxide (nZnO), poses a growing threat to marine ecosystems. To better understand this hazard, especially for lesser-studied sediment-dwelling marine organisms, we investigated the physiological impacts of simultaneous exposure to nZnO and avobenzone on the lugworm Arenicola marina. Lugworms were exposed to nZnO, avobenzone, or their combination for three weeks. We assessed pollutant-induced metabolic changes by measuring key metabolic intermediates in the body wall and coelomic fluid, and oxidative stress by analyzing antioxidant levels and oxidative lesions in proteins and lipids of the body wall. Exposure to UV filters resulted in shifts in the concentrations of Krebs' cycle and urea cycle intermediates, as well as alterations in certain amino acids in the body wall and coelomic fluid of the lugworms. Pathway enrichment analyses revealed that nZnO induced more pronounced metabolic shifts compared to avobenzone or their combination. Exposure to avobenzone or nZnO alone prompted an increase in tissue antioxidant capacity, indicating a compensatory response to restore redox balance, which effectively prevented oxidative damage to proteins or lipids. However, co-exposure to nZnO and avobenzone suppressed superoxide dismutase and lead to accumulation of lipid peroxides and methionine sulfoxide, indicating oxidative stress and damage to lipids and proteins. Our findings highlight oxidative stress as a significant mechanism of toxicity for both nZnO and avobenzone, especially when combined, and underscores the importance of further investigating the fitness implications of oxidative stress induced by these common UV filters in benthic marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Bruhns
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Candela Sánchez-Girón Barba
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Lilian König
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Timm
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kathrin Fisch
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Seestraße 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Inna M Sokolova
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany; Department of Maritime Systems, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 21, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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Thallinger D, Labille J, Milinkovitch T, Boudenne JL, Loosli F, Slomberg D, Angeletti B, Lefrançois C. UV filter occurrence in beach water of the Mediterranean coast - A field survey over 2 years in Palavas-les-Flots, France. Int J Cosmet Sci 2023; 45 Suppl 1:67-83. [PMID: 37799080 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A 2-year sampling campaign was realized on French Mediterranean beach (Palavas-les-Flots Hérault) in order to measure the concentration of UV filters released from the sunscreen used by bathers. Multiple factors suspected of playing determining roles in the UV filter pattern in water were explored, such as the seasonal and daily time evolutions, or the vertical and horizontal distributions, and they were regarded through the UV filter characteristics. METHODS The beach was monitored during periods of high and low tourist attendance, typically before, during and after the summer peak. The beachgoers attendance was counted. Bathing water was sampled distinctly from the bulk column and from the top surface layer, testing different sampling tools. Sediments and mussels were also sampled and analysed as potential UV filter sinks. Three organic UV filters (octocrylene OCR, avobenzone BMDBM and octyl methoxycinnamate OMC) and one mineral (titanium dioxide TiO2 ) were studied here as representatives of the current cosmetic market. RESULTS Summer peak attendance on the beach was confirmed associated with peak levels of UV filter concentration in the bathing water, even more pronounced during a heat wave period. This relation was also observed at day scale with an afternoon peak, suggesting a rapid evolution of the UV filter pattern in water. Contrasted fates were measured between the four studied UV filters, that could be mainly explained by their respective characteristics, i.e. particulate or dissolved, hydrophilic or lipophilic, lifetime. Generally, this resulted in a concentration ranking TiO2 > OCR > OMC > BMDBM, ranging from 0.5 to 500 μg/L. The most lipophilic and recalcitrant OCR was found most vertically differentiated and over concentrated in the top surface layer of water. Finally, a large horizontal heterogeneity was also observed in the UV filter concentration pattern, raising the need for sample replicates that cover a significant area. CONCLUSION This work fulfils some knowledge gaps on the issue of UV filter release in coastal environments, not only by providing original field data and methodological recommendations but also importantly in the comparison made of organic and mineral UV filters, which are often considered separately and rarely evaluated at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Thallinger
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAe, Coll. France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Jerome Labille
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAe, Coll. France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | | | | | - Frédéric Loosli
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAe, Coll. France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Danielle Slomberg
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAe, Coll. France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Bernard Angeletti
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAe, Coll. France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
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Campodoni E, Montanari M, Artusi C, Bergamini L, Bassi G, Destro E, Fenoglio I, Panseri S, Tampieri A, Sanson A, Sandri M. Biomineralization: A new tool for developing eco-sustainable Ti-doped hydroxyapatite-based hybrid UV filters. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 151:213474. [PMID: 37207586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that the prolonged exposure to UV radiation from sunlight can compromise human health and is particularly damaging to the skin, leading to sunburn, photo-aging and skin cancer. Sunscreen formulations containing UV-filters present a barrier against solar UV and help to mitigate the harmful effects however, concern about their safety for both human and environmental health is still a much-debated topic. EC regulations classify UV-filters depending on their chemical nature, particle size, and mechanism of action. Furthermore, it regulates their use in cosmetic products with specific limitations in terms of concentration (organic UV filters) and particle size and surface modification to reduce their photo-activity (mineral UV filters). The regulations have prompted researchers to identify new materials that show promise for use in sunscreens. In this work, biomimetic hybrid materials composed of titanium-doped hydroxyapatite (TiHA) grown on two different organic templates, derived from animal (gelatin - from pig skin) and vegetable (alginate - from algae) sources. These novel materials were developed and characterized to obtain sustainable UV-filters as a safer alternative for both human and ecosystem health. This 'biomineralization' process yielded TiHA nanoparticles that demonstrated high UV reflectance, low photoactivity, good biocompatibility and an aggregate morphology which prevents dermal penetration. The materials are safe for topical application and for the marine environment; moreover, they can protect organic sunscreen components from photodegradation and yield long-lasting protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Campodoni
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy.
| | - Margherita Montanari
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Chiara Artusi
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Linda Bergamini
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Giada Bassi
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Elena Destro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Ivana Fenoglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Panseri
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Anna Tampieri
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sanson
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Monica Sandri
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy.
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Gackowski M, Osmałek T, Froelich A, Otto F, Schneider R, Lulek J. Phototoxic or Photoprotective?-Advances and Limitations of Titanium (IV) Oxide in Dermal Formulations-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098159. [PMID: 37175865 PMCID: PMC10179435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread role of titanium (IV) oxide (TiO2) in many industries makes this substance of broad scientific interest. TiO2 can act as both a photoprotector and photocatalyst, and the potential for its role in both applications increases when present in nanometer-sized crystals. Its sunlight-scattering properties are used extensively in sunscreens. Furthermore, attempts have been made to incorporate TiO2 into dermal formulations of photolabile drugs. However, the propensity to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) rendering this material potentially cytotoxic limits its role. Therefore, modifications of TiO2 nanoparticles (e.g., its polymorphic form, size, shape, and surface modifications) are used in an effort to reduce its photocatalytic effects. This review provides an overview of the potential risks arising from and opportunities presented by the use of TiO2 in skin care formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Gackowski
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Osmałek
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Froelich
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Filip Otto
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Janina Lulek
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
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Analytical methods for investigating the presence, photoisomerisation-, and degradation kinetics of the UV-A filter avobenzone under aqueous conditions to ensure a more realistic environmental measurement. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Martin N, Wassmur B, Baun A, Lammel T. Availability and effects of n-TiO 2 and PCB77 in fish in vitro models of the intestinal barrier and liver under single- and/or co-exposure scenarios. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 253:106343. [PMID: 36327689 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (n-TiO2) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can be present in the food of fish, leading to intestinal exposure uptake, and accumulation in inner organs. This study examined combination effects of n-TiO2 and PCB77 in vitro models of the fish intestinal epithelium and liver, i.e., RTgut-GC cell cultures grown in ThinCerts™ and RTL-W1 cell cultures grown in standard tissue culture plates. Mass spectrometry and microscopy techniques were used to obtain information on nanoparticle translocation across the intestinal barrier model. In addition, the substances' effect on intestinal barrier permeability, cell viability, expression of dioxin - and antioxidant response element -controlled genes, and induction of cytochrome P450 1a (Cyp1a)-dependent ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity were assessed. TiO2 nanoparticles were taken up by RTgut-GC cells and detected in the bottom compartment of the intestinal epithelial barrier model. It was not possible to conclude definitively if n-TiO2 translocation occurred via transcytosis or paracellular migration but observations of nanoparticles in the lateral space between adjacent epithelial cells were rare. PCB77 (1 and 10 µM, 24 h) did not affect barrier permeability, i.e., n-TiO2 translocation is probably not facilitated in case of co-exposure. Furthermore, previous and simultaneous exposure to n-TiO2 (1 and 10 mg/L, 24 h) did not have any influence on PCB77-induced Cyp1a mRNA and enzyme activity levels in RTL-W1 cells. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in expression of antioxidant response element-controlled genes comparing control, single substance, and mixture treatments, not even following long-term exposure (0.01-1 mg/L n-TiO2 + 1 nM PCB77, 4 weeks). While an underestimation of the effects of n-TiO2 and PCB77 cannot be fully excluded as concentration losses due to sorption to cell culture plastics were not measured, the results suggest that the test substances probably have a low potential to exhibit combination effects on the assessed endpoints when co-existing in fish tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Martin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18 A, Box 463, Göteborg 413 90, Sweden
| | - Britt Wassmur
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18 A, Box 463, Göteborg 413 90, Sweden
| | - Anders Baun
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 115, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tobias Lammel
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18 A, Box 463, Göteborg 413 90, Sweden.
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