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Elhady SS, Goda MS, Mehanna ET, El-Sayed NM, Hazem RM, Elfaky MA, Almalki AJ, Mohamed MS, Abdelhameed RFA. Ziziphus spina-christi L. extract attenuates bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice via regulating TGF-β1/SMAD pathway: LC-MS/MS Metabolic profiling, chemical composition, and histology studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116823. [PMID: 38834008 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Ancient Egyptians (including Bedouins and Nubians) have long utilized Ziziphus spina-christi (L.), a traditional Arabian medicinal herb, to alleviate swellings and inflammatory disorders. It is also mentioned in Christian and Muslim traditions. Ziziphus spina-christi L. (Family: Rhamnaceae) is a plentiful source of polyphenols, revealing free radical scavenging, antioxidant, metal chelating, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Herein, different classes of the existing bioactive metabolites in Z. spina-christi L. were detected using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the first time. The study also aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties of Z. spina-christi L. extract against bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in an experimental mouse model. 32 male Swiss Albino mice were assigned into 4 groups; the first and second were the normal control group and the bleomycin positive control (single 2.5 U/kg bleomycin intratracheal dose). The third and fourth groups received 100 and 200 mg/kg/day Z. spina-christi L. extract orally for 3 weeks, 2 weeks before bleomycin, and 1 week after. The bioactive metabolites in Z. spina-christi L. extract were identified as phenolic acids, catechins, flavonoids, chalcones, stilbenes, triterpenoid acids, saponins, and sterols. The contents of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids were found to be 196.62 mg GAE/gm and 33.29 mg QE/gm, respectively. In the experimental study, histopathological examination revealed that lung fibrosis was attenuated in both Z. spina-christi L.- treated groups. Z. spina-christi L. extract downregulated the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and decreased levels of the inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in lung tissue. Z. spina-christi L. also downregulated the expression of the fibrotic parameters collagen-1, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and SMAD3, with upregulation of the antifibrotic SMAD7 in lung tissue. Overall, the present study suggests a potential protective effect of Z. spina-christi L. extract against bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis through regulation of the TGF-β1/SMAD pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh S Elhady
- King Abdulaziz University Herbarium, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa S Goda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Eman T Mehanna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Norhan M El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Reem M Hazem
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Elfaky
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad J Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malik Suliman Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Khartoum University, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
| | - Reda F A Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala 43713, Egypt.
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Saeed M, Masood Quraishi U, Mustafa G, Farooqi A, Greger M, Naseem Malik R. Metabolomics profiling reveals the detoxification and tolerance behavior of two bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties under arsenate stress. Food Chem 2024; 443:138612. [PMID: 38306910 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The present study conducted metabolomics profiling (targeted and untargeted) in the roots of two wheat varieties (BARANI-70 and NARC-09) under arsenate stress in a hydroponic experiment. The findings indicated a better growth response of BARANI-70 compared to the NARC-09. From amino acid profiling, a total of 26 amino acids (AAs) were quantified in roots. BARANI-70 showed higher induction of stress-responsive AAs compared to the NARC-09. From untargeted metabolomics, a total of 136 metabolites were identified: AAs, fatty acids, purines, carnitines, LysoPCs, and others. The KEGG pathway identified pathways such as linoleic acid metabolism, TCA cycle, glutathione metabolism, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis that were regulated to improve the defense of tolerant variety. BARANI-70 emerged as a tolerant variety based on the psychological response, As accumulation, and behavior of stress-responsive metabolites. This study should facilitate the breeding of low-As accumulating wheat varieties for future application to ensure sustainable production and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Umar Masood Quraishi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Mustafa
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Abida Farooqi
- Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Maria Greger
- Plant Metal Laboratory, Department of Ecology, Environment, and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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Chen X, Wang Y, Pei C, Li R, Shu W, Qi Z, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Lin Y, Zhao L, Peng D, Wan J. Vacancy-Driven High-Performance Metabolic Assay for Diagnosis and Therapeutic Evaluation of Depression. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2312755. [PMID: 38692290 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common mental illnesses and is a well-known risk factor for suicide, characterized by low overall efficacy (<50%) and high relapse rate (40%). A rapid and objective approach for screening and prognosis of depression is highly desirable but still awaits further development. Herein, a high-performance metabolite-based assay to aid the diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of depression by developing a vacancy-engineered cobalt oxide (Vo-Co3O4) assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometer platform is presented. The easy-prepared nanoparticles with optimal vacancy achieve a considerable signal enhancement, characterized by favorable charge transfer and increased photothermal conversion. The optimized Vo-Co3O4 allows for a direct and robust record of plasma metabolic fingerprints (PMFs). Through machine learning of PMFs, high-performance depression diagnosis is achieved, with the areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.941-0.980 and an accuracy of over 92%. Furthermore, a simplified diagnostic panel for depression is established, with a desirable AUC value of 0.933. Finally, proline levels are quantified in a follow-up cohort of depressive patients, highlighting the potential of metabolite quantification in the therapeutic evaluation of depression. This work promotes the progression of advanced matrixes and brings insights into the management of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yun Wang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Congcong Pei
- School of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
- Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Rongxin Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Weikang Shu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Ziheng Qi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yinbing Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Lin
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Daihui Peng
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Wan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
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Liang D, Liu C, Yang M. Blood Cadmium and Abdominal Aortic Calcification in Population with Different Weight Statuses: a Population-Based Study. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2023; 16:1425-1438. [PMID: 37468727 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to assess the effect of blood cadmium levels (B-Cd) on abdominal aortic calcification (AAC). We used the data from the 2013-2014 NHANES database. A total of 1530 participants were included in our study, with a mean AAC score of 1.40 ± 0.10, and a prevalence of severe AAC of 7.98%. Participants with higher B-Cd quartiles showed a higher prevalence of severe AAC. B-Cd was positively associated with higher AAC scores and increased risk of severe AAC. In the obese population, blood cadmium levels showed a positive association with the risk of severe AAC. There may be a positive correlation between B-Cd levels and AAC scores and risk of severe AAC, and this correlation is more pronounced in the obese population. Therefore, the cadmium load in AAC patients in the obese population should be considered in clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liang
- Department of Endocrine, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Endocrine, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, China.
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Lettieri G, Marinaro C, Brogna C, Montano L, Lombardi M, Trotta A, Troisi J, Piscopo M. A Metabolomic Analysis to Assess the Responses of the Male Gonads of Mytilus galloprovincialis after Heavy Metal Exposure. Metabolites 2023; 13:1168. [PMID: 38132850 PMCID: PMC10744773 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13121168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, metabolomics has become a valuable new resource in environmental monitoring programs based on the use of bio-indicators such as Mytilus galloprovincialis. The reproductive system is extremely susceptible to the effects of environmental pollutants, and in a previous paper, we showed metabolomic alterations in mussel spermatozoa exposed to metal chlorides of copper, nickel, and cadmium, and the mixture with these metals. In order to obtain a better overview, in the present work, we evaluated the metabolic changes in the male gonad under the same experimental conditions used in the previous work, using a metabolomic approach based on GC-MS analysis. A total of 248 endogenous metabolites were identified in the male gonads of mussels. Statistical analyses of the data, including partial least squares discriminant analysis, enabled the identification of key metabolites through the use of variable importance in projection scores. Furthermore, a metabolite enrichment analysis revealed complex and significant interactions within different metabolic pathways and between different metabolites. Particularly significant were the results on pyruvate metabolism, glycolysis, and gluconeogenesis, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, which highlighted the complex and interconnected nature of these biochemical processes in mussel gonads. Overall, these results add new information to the understanding of how certain pollutants may affect specific physiological functions of mussel gonads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Lettieri
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Marinaro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Brogna
- Department of Research, Craniomed Group Facility S.r.l., 20091 Bresso, Italy
| | - Luigi Montano
- Andrology Unit and Service of LifeStyle Medicine in Uro-Andrology, Local Health Authority (ASL) Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Martina Lombardi
- Theoreo S.r.l.—Spin-off Company, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessio Trotta
- Theoreo S.r.l.—Spin-off Company, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Jacopo Troisi
- Theoreo S.r.l.—Spin-off Company, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Marina Piscopo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
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Abbasi Q, Pourakbar L, Siavash Moghaddam S. Potential role of apple wood biochar in mitigating mercury toxicity in corn (Zea mays L.). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115619. [PMID: 37890246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a very toxic decomposition-resistant metal that can cause plant toxicity through bioaccumulation and oxidative damage. Biochar, derived from organic waste and agricultural garbage, is an on-site modification technique that can improve soil health in heavy metals-polluted regions. The present experiment was designed to explore the role of apple biochar in the management of mercury toxicity in corn (Zea mays cv. 'PL535'). Different levels of biochar derived from apple wood (0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% w/w) along with different Hg concentrations (0, 20, 40, and 60 mg/L) were used in the experiment that was based on a completely randomized design. Based on the results, HgCl2 at all rates reduced root and shoot dry weight and length, tolerance index, chlorophyll a and b content, the Hill reaction, and dissolved proteins and increased shoot and root Hg content (up to 72.57 and 717.56 times, respectively), cell death (up to 58.36%), MDA level (up to 47.82%), H2O2 (up to 66.33%), dissolved sugars, and proline. The results regarding enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants revealed increases in total phenol and flavonoids content (up to 71.27% and 86.71%, respectively), DPPH free radical scavenging percentage, and catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity (up to 185.93% and 176.87%, respectively), in corn leaves with the increase in the Hg rate applied to the culture medium. The application of biochar to the substrate of the Hg-treated corns reduced Hg bioavailability, thereby reducing Hg accumulation in the roots (up to 76.88%) and shoots (up to 71.79%). It also reduced the adverse effect of Hg on the plants by increasing their shoot and root dry weight, photosynthesizing pigments, Hill reaction, and APX activity and reducing cell death, H2O2 content, and MDA content. The results reflected the capability of apple wood biochar at all rates in reducing Hg bioavailability and increasing Hg fixation in Hg-polluted soils. However, it was most effective at the rate of 7.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qahreman Abbasi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Latifeh Pourakbar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Sina Siavash Moghaddam
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
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Phoswa WN, Mokgalaboni K. Comprehensive Overview of the Effects of Amaranthus and Abelmoschus esculentus on Markers of Oxidative Stress in Diabetes Mellitus. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1830. [PMID: 37763234 PMCID: PMC10532493 DOI: 10.3390/life13091830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of medicinal plants in the management of diabetes mellitus (DM) is extensively reported. However, there is still very limited information on the role of these plants as markers of oxidative stress in DM. This current review evaluated the effect of Amaranthus spinosus, Amaranthus hybridus, and Abelmoschus esculentus on markers of oxidative stress in rodent models of DM. Current findings indicate that these plants have the potential to reduce prominent markers of oxidative stress, such as serum malondialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, while increasing enzymes that act as antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase. This may reduce reactive oxygen species and further ameliorate oxidative stress in DM. Although the potential benefits of these plants are acknowledged in rodent models, there is still a lack of evidence showing their efficacy against oxidative stress in diabetic patients. Therefore, we recommend future clinical studies in DM populations, particularly in Africa, to evaluate the potential effects of these plants. Such studies would contribute to enhancing our understanding of the significance of incorporating these plants into dietary practices for the prevention and management of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy N. Phoswa
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa (UNISA), Science Campus, Private Bag X6, Florida, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa;
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Lettieri G, Marinaro C, Notariale R, Perrone P, Lombardi M, Trotta A, Troisi J, Piscopo M. Impact of Heavy Metal Exposure on Mytilus galloprovincialis Spermatozoa: A Metabolomic Investigation. Metabolites 2023; 13:943. [PMID: 37623886 PMCID: PMC10456258 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is a method that provides an overview of the physiological and cellular state of a specific organism or tissue. This method is particularly useful for studying the influence the environment can have on organisms, especially those used as bio-indicators, e.g., Mytilus galloprovincialis. Nevertheless, a scarcity of data on the complete metabolic baseline of mussel tissues still exists, but more importantly, the effect of mussel exposure to certain heavy metals on spermatozoa is unknown, also considering that, in recent years, the reproductive system has proved to be very sensitive to the effects of environmental pollutants. In order to fill this knowledge gap, the similarities and differences in the metabolic profile of spermatozoa of mussels exposed to metallic chlorides of copper, nickel, and cadmium, and to the mixture to these metals, were studied using a metabolomics approach based on GC-MS analysis, and their physiological role was discussed. A total of 237 endogenous metabolites were identified in the spermatozoa of these mussel. The data underwent preprocessing steps and were analyzed using statistical methods such as PLS-DA. The results showed effective class separation and identified key metabolites through the VIP scores. Heatmaps and cluster analysis further evaluated the metabolites. The metabolite-set enrichment analysis revealed complex interactions within metabolic pathways and metabolites, especially involving glucose and central carbon metabolism and oxidative stress metabolism. Overall, the results of this study are useful to better understand how some pollutants can affect the specific physiological functions of the spermatozoa of this mussel, as well as for further GC-MS-based metabolomic health and safety studies of marine bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Lettieri
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Marinaro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Notariale
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Perrone
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Luigi de Crecchio, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Lombardi
- Theoreo S.R.L.—Spin-off Company of the University of Salerno, 84098 Montecorvino Pugliano (SA), Italy
| | - Alessio Trotta
- Theoreo S.R.L.—Spin-off Company of the University of Salerno, 84098 Montecorvino Pugliano (SA), Italy
| | - Jacopo Troisi
- Theoreo S.R.L.—Spin-off Company of the University of Salerno, 84098 Montecorvino Pugliano (SA), Italy
| | - Marina Piscopo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
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Pruteanu LL, Bailey DS, Grădinaru AC, Jäntschi L. The Biochemistry and Effectiveness of Antioxidants in Food, Fruits, and Marine Algae. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040860. [PMID: 37107235 PMCID: PMC10135154 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is more effective to maintain good health than to regain it after losing it. This work focuses on the biochemical defense mechanisms against free radicals and their role in building and maintaining antioxidant shields, aiming to show how to balance, as much as possible, the situations in which we are exposed to free radicals. To achieve this aim, foods, fruits, and marine algae with a high antioxidant content should constitute the basis of nutritional elements, since natural products are known to have significantly greater assimilation efficiency. This review also gives the perspective in which the use of antioxidants can extend the life of food products, by protecting them from damage caused by oxidation as well as their use as food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Lorena Pruteanu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, North University Center at Baia Mare, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 430122 Baia Mare, Romania
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - David Stanley Bailey
- IOTA Pharmaceuticals Ltd., St Johns Innovation Centre, Cowley Road, Cambridge CB4 0WS, UK
| | - Andrei Cristian Grădinaru
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences of Iaşi, 700490 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Lorentz Jäntschi
- Institute of Doctoral Studies, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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