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Colombo FC, Maciel RMA, Deniz M, Neves PMOJ, de Freitas Bueno A. Emergence Response of Telenomus podisi (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) to Field Temperature Originated from Colonies Reared at Different Temperature Regimes. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 52:493-499. [PMID: 36859651 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We studied the impact of field temperature on the emergence of Telenomus podisi Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) after being released as either protected (encapsulated) or unprotected pupae close to adult emergence. Two independent bioassays (protected pupae vs. unprotected pupae) were carried out in a randomized block experimental design in a 2 (parasitoid rearing temperature regimes) ×4 (release positions within plant canopy) factorial scheme. One of the T. podisi colonies was reared at a constant temperature (25 °C) and 12:12 h L:D (Light: Dark) photoperiod. The second T. podisi colony was reared at fluctuating temperatures (20 °C during 12 h D and 30 °C during 12 h of L). Each bioassay had five replicates. Each replicate contained 40 pupae from each rearing temperature and release position within plant canopy. Parasitoid pupae were released in the bottom third, middle third, or upper third of the plant's canopy, as well as between planting lines. Each bioassay was repeated six times (in different plant developmental stages: R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6). There was no difference in emergence of parasitoids between colonies reared at different temperatures after exposure to field conditions. Emergence of T. podisi was reduced after pupae exposure to temperatures above 35 °C in the field, regardless of the rearing temperature. Telenomus podisi tolerates temperature fluctuations for emergence as long as they fit the optimal range (20 to 30 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matheus Deniz
- Depto de Produção Animal E Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Parra LM, Carvalho JRD, Hoback WW, Oliveira RCD. Optimizing Mass Rearing of the Egg Parasitoid, Telenomus podisi, for Control of the Brown Stink Bug, Euschistus heros. INSECTS 2023; 14:insects14050435. [PMID: 37233063 DOI: 10.3390/insects14050435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The parasitoid Telenomus podisi Ashmead, 1893 is used in biological control programs in Brazil against eggs of Euschistus heros (Fabricius, 1798), a key pest of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. To optimize the mass production of parasitoids, artificial diets and storage of host eggs at low temperatures have been developed; however, direct comparisons of the effects of these conditions have not occurred. We assessed a double factorial arrangement composed of six treatments (fresh or cryopreserved E. heros eggs from adults fed on natural or two artificial diets). We evaluated the biological characteristics and parasitism capacity of T. podisi produced from these treatments across seven temperatures. The thermal range between 21 and 30 °C resulted in satisfactory daily parasitism in all treatments tested, with an inverse relationship between temperature and female survival. The best parasitoid biological parameters were found between 21 and 27 °C, where all tested diets supported T. podisi development, with the best results from artificial diets. Fresh eggs and those frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -196 °C until use supported parasitoid development. These results suggest that the best method to mass rear T. podisi is to use artificial diets to rear E. heros and store eggs until needed, and then rear parasitoids at 24 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Martins Parra
- Crop Protection Department, School of Agronomic Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (FCA/UNESP), Botucatu 18610034, SP, Brazil
| | - José Romário de Carvalho
- Department of Natural Sciences, State Secretary of Education of Espírito Santo, Guaçui 29560000, ES, Brazil
| | - William Wyatt Hoback
- Noble Research Center, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Regiane Cristina de Oliveira
- Crop Protection Department, School of Agronomic Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (FCA/UNESP), Botucatu 18610034, SP, Brazil
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Katarine Becchi L, Rodrigues Barbosa L, Eduardo Serrão J, Cola Zanuncio J, Vinicius Sampaio M, Magalhães Domingues M, Frederico Wilcken C. Thermal requirements, fertility life table and biological parameters of Cleruchoides noackae (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) at different temperatures. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14911. [PMID: 36935922 PMCID: PMC10019329 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleruchoides noackae Lin & Huber (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) was imported to Brazil in 2012, to manage the exotic pest Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellapé (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae), which has been damaging eucalyptus plantations. Knowledge of the thermal requirements and the fertility life table of C. noackae is important to improve mass rearing methods for this parasitoid and the effectiveness of its release to manage T. peregrinus. The objective was to evaluate the development period, thermal requirements and the fertility life table of C. noackae at different temperatures. The egg-adult period of this parasitoid varied from 43 to 14 days at 15 °C and 30 °C, respectively. The emergence of C. noackae adults was higher at 15 °C, 18 °C, 21 °C and 24 °C than at 30 °C. Female and male C. noackae need 226.75 and 230.41 degree-days and temperatures higher than 10.06 °C and 9.90 °C, respectively, to complete egg-adult development. The number of parasitized eggs per C. noackae female was higher at 21 °C, 24 °C and 27 °C, with 5.82, 7.73 and 5.50 eggs, respectively, than at 30 °C (0.45). Cleruchoides noackae longevity was greater at 15 °C, 21 °C and 24 °C. The net reproductive rate of the parasitoid was higher at 21 °C and 24 °C than at 30 °C, 3.05, 4.70 and 0.16, respectively. The finite rate of increase of C. noackae was greater at 21 °C, 24 °C and 27 °C, than at 30 °C and the intrinsic rate of increase was negative at 30 °C, -0.100. The temperatures 21 °C and 24 °C and from 18 °C to 27 °C are the most adequate for the reproduction and population increase of C. noackae parasitizing eggs of T. peregrinus, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane Katarine Becchi
- Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA), Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - José Cola Zanuncio
- Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Maurício Magalhães Domingues
- Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA), Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Frederico Wilcken
- Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA), Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Braz ÉC, Bueno ADF, Colombo FC, de Queiroz AP. Temperature Impact on Telenomus podisi Emergence in Field Releases of Unprotected and Encapsulated Parasitoid Pupae. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:462-469. [PMID: 33694074 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-021-00857-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate the influence of temperature on the emergence of Telenomus podisi throughout the soybean development cycle, using encapsulated and unprotected pupae releases, in four different possible locations where pupae can be deposited during release. The trial was carried out in a randomized block design in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme: two parasitoid pupae release strategies (encapsulated and unprotected) × four pupae locations (between soybean lines of planting, bottom third, middle third, or upper third of plant canopy) with 5 replicates. There were no significant interactions between the studied factors. In the vegetative stage (V2 and V9), a smaller percentage of emergence of parasitoid adults was observed between soybean lines of planting (37.1% and 23.4% for V2 and V9 , respectively). The highest maximum temperatures were recorded between the soybean lines, with the greatest variations in maximum and minimum temperatures (55.2°C and 21.3°C) in V2 and (52.8°C and 23.9°C) in V9. In the reproductive stages (R1, R4, and R7), the observed temperatures were lower when compared to those observed in the vegetative stages (V2 and V9), with no difference in the emergence of parasitoid adults, which was above 70% in stage R1 and above 80% in R4 and R7. Regarding the pupae (encapsulated or unprotected), both allowed similar adult emergence. Therefore, it can be concluded that both unprotected and encapsulated pupae can be released, but those releases during the soybean vegetative development stage should be avoided due to the high temperatures to which pupae can be exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adeney de Freitas Bueno
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa Soja), Caixa Postal 231, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86001-970, Brazil.
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Salazar-Mendoza P, Peralta-Aragón I, Romero-Rivas L, Salamanca J, Rodriguez-Saona C. The abundance and diversity of fruit flies and their parasitoids change with elevation in guava orchards in a tropical Andean forest of Peru, independent of seasonality. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250731. [PMID: 33901258 PMCID: PMC8075242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower elevations are generally thought to contain a greater abundance and diversity of insect communities and their natural enemies than higher elevations. It is less clear, however, how changes in seasons influence this pattern. We conducted a 2-year study (2013‒2014) in guava orchards located in a tropical Andean forest of Peru to investigate differences in fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and their parasitoid communities at two elevations and over two seasons. Fruit fly traps were installed, monitored, and guava fruits were sampled from eight orchards at low (800–950 m above sea level) and high (1,700–1,900 m above sea level) elevations and during the dry and rainy seasons. At each orchard, adult fruit fly trap captures and emergence of fruit flies and their parasitoids from guava fruit were quantified to determine their abundance and species composition. There was a greater abundance and species richness of fruit flies captured in traps at lower elevations, as well as higher abundance and species evenness of fruit flies that emerged from fruit, indicating that lower elevations are associated with larger fruit fly populations. The abundance, species richness and diversity of parasitoids were also greater at lower elevations. Consequently, guava fruit infestation and fruit fly parasitism rates were also greater at lower elevations. Seasonality also influenced fruit fly populations with a greater number of flies emerging from guava fruit and more fruit infested in the rainy season. However, seasonality had no effect on parasitoid population parameters or rate of parasitism, nor did it interact with elevation as an influence of populations of fruit flies or their parasitoids in guava orchards. This study highlights the importance of examining both elevation and seasonality for a better understanding of the population dynamics of fruit flies and their parasitoids in tropical agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Salazar-Mendoza
- Departmento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Ivan Peralta-Aragón
- Escuela de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, filial Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru
| | - Ladislao Romero-Rivas
- Escuela de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, filial Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru
| | - Jordano Salamanca
- Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas, Pecuarias y del Medio Ambiente (ECAPMA), Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia (UNAD), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Saona
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University P.E. Marucci Center, Chatsworth, New Jersey, United States of America
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Queiroz AP, de Freitas Bueno A, Pomari-Fernandes A, Grande MLM, Bortolotto OC, da Silva DM. Quality control of Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) reared on the factitious host Corcyra cephalonica (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) for successive generations. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2017; 107:791-798. [PMID: 28382878 DOI: 10.1017/s000748531700030x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Egg parasitoid rearing on factitious hosts is an important step to reduce costs and increase availability of the biocontrol agent but it requires quality control to achieve success in field conditions. To this end, this study evaluated the quality of Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) reared on Corcyra cephalonica (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) for until 45 generations. In the first bioassay, we evaluated the body size of the laboratory-produced parasitoids. In the second bioassay, flight activity was examined, measuring the percentage of 'flyers', 'walkers' and 'deformed' parasitoids. The third bioassay assessed parasitism on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs. Our data indicate that the laboratory-reared parasitoid neither lost its ability to fly nor to parasitize S. frugiperda eggs. In conclusion, quality did not decrease significantly during 45 generations, and therefore rearing of T. remus on C. cephalonica as factitious host promises to be successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Queiroz
- Instituto Agronômico do Paraná - IAPAR, 86051-990, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - A de Freitas Bueno
- Embrapa Soja, Laboratório de Parasitoides, 86001-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - A Pomari-Fernandes
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul - UFFS, 85301-970, Laranjeiras do Sul, Paraná, Brazil
| | - M L M Grande
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Agronomia, 86051-990, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - O C Bortolotto
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Agronomia, 86051-990, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - D M da Silva
- Instituto Agronômico do Paraná - IAPAR, 86051-990, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Ewald JA, Wheatley CJ, Aebischer NJ, Moreby SJ, Duffield SJ, Crick HQP, Morecroft MB. Influences of extreme weather, climate and pesticide use on invertebrates in cereal fields over 42 years. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2015; 21:3931-50. [PMID: 26149473 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cereal fields are central to balancing food production and environmental health in the face of climate change. Within them, invertebrates provide key ecosystem services. Using 42 years of monitoring data collected in southern England, we investigated the sensitivity and resilience of invertebrates in cereal fields to extreme weather events and examined the effect of long-term changes in temperature, rainfall and pesticide use on invertebrate abundance. Of the 26 invertebrate groups examined, eleven proved sensitive to extreme weather events. Average abundance increased in hot/dry years and decreased in cold/wet years for Araneae, Cicadellidae, adult Heteroptera, Thysanoptera, Braconidae, Enicmus and Lathridiidae. The average abundance of Delphacidae, Cryptophagidae and Mycetophilidae increased in both hot/dry and cold/wet years relative to other years. The abundance of all 10 groups usually returned to their long-term trend within a year after the extreme event. For five of them, sensitivity to cold/wet events was lowest (translating into higher abundances) at locations with a westerly aspect. Some long-term trends in invertebrate abundance correlated with temperature and rainfall, indicating that climate change may affect them. However, pesticide use was more important in explaining the trends, suggesting that reduced pesticide use would mitigate the effects of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Ewald
- Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust, Fordingbridge, Hampshire, SP6 1EF, UK
| | | | | | - Stephen J Moreby
- Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust, Fordingbridge, Hampshire, SP6 1EF, UK
| | - Simon J Duffield
- Natural England, Cromwell House, Andover Road, Winchester, SO23 7BT, UK
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Prado SG, Jandricic SE, Frank SD. Ecological Interactions Affecting the Efficacy of Aphidius colemani in Greenhouse Crops. INSECTS 2015; 6:538-75. [PMID: 26463203 PMCID: PMC4553498 DOI: 10.3390/insects6020538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a solitary endoparasitoid used for biological control of many economically important pest aphids. Given its widespread use, a vast array of literature on this natural enemy exists. Though often highly effective for aphid suppression, the literature reveals that A. colemani efficacy within greenhouse production systems can be reduced by many stressors, both biotic (plants, aphid hosts, other natural enemies) and abiotic (climate and lighting). For example, effects from 3rd and 4th trophic levels (fungal-based control products, hyperparasitoids) can suddenly decimate A. colemani populations. But, the most chronic negative effects (reduced parasitoid foraging efficiency, fitness) seem to be from stressors at the first trophic level. Negative effects from the 1st trophic level are difficult to mediate since growers are usually constrained to particular plant varieties due to market demands. Major research gaps identified by our review include determining how plants, aphid hosts, and A. colemani interact to affect the net aphid population, and how production conditions such as temperature, humidity and lighting affect both the population growth rate of A. colemani and its target pest. Decades of research have made A. colemani an essential part of biological control programs in greenhouse crops. Future gains in A. colemani efficacy and aphid biological control will require an interdisciplinary, systems approach that considers plant production and climate effects at all trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara G Prado
- David Clark Labs, Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Sarah E Jandricic
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, 4890 Victoria Avenue North, Vineland, ON L0R 2E0, Canada.
| | - Steven D Frank
- Gardner Hall, Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Seehausen ML, Bauce É, Régnière J, Berthiaume R. Influence of partial cutting on parasitism of endemic spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) populations. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2014; 43:626-631. [PMID: 24780195 DOI: 10.1603/en13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Silvicultural treatments such as thinning have been suggested as management tools against the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Among other things, parasitoids are also proposed to be influenced by silvicultural procedures, but the effect of thinning on spruce budworm's natural enemies has not been tested yet. In this study, the influence of partial cutting on parasitism of endemic spruce budworm populations has been investigated in mature balsam fir-white birch forests. Two intensities of partial cutting (25 and 40% stand basal area reduced) were conducted in 2009 and parasitism of introduced spruce budworm larvae and pupae was determined during the 3 yr after these treatments. Pupal parasitism was too low for comparison between treatments. However, 2 yr after treatments, parasitism of the fourth- and fifth-instar larvae was significantly reduced in plots with both intensities of partial cutting, which was attributed to the parasitoid Tranosema rostrale (Brischke). Three years after treatments, no significant influence of partial cutting on parasitism of spruce budworm larvae was found. This study suggests that the influence of partial cutting on parasitism of endemic spruce budworm populations is not consistent, but that under certain circumstances parasitism is reduced by partial cutting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lukas Seehausen
- Centre d'Étude de la Forêt and Département des Sciences du Bois et de la Forêt, Facultéde foresterie, de géographie et de géomatique, Université Laval, 2405 rue de la Terrasse, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Effects of heat shock on resistance to parasitoids and on life history traits in an aphid/endosymbiont system. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75966. [PMID: 24143175 PMCID: PMC3797046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature variation is an important factor determining the outcomes of interspecific interactions, including those involving hosts and parasites. This can apply to variation in average temperature or to relatively short but intense bouts of extreme temperature. We investigated the effect of heat shock on the ability of aphids (Aphis fabae) harbouring protective facultative endosymbionts (Hamiltonella defensa) to resist parasitism by Hymenopteran parasitoids (Lysiphlebus fabarum). Furthermore, we investigated whether heat shocks can modify previously observed genotype-by-genotype (G x G) interactions between different endosymbiont isolates and parasitoid genotypes. Lines of genetically identical aphids possessing different isolates of H. defensa were exposed to one of two heat shock regimes (35°C and 39°C) or to a control temperature (20°C) before exposure to three different asexual lines of the parasitoids. We observed strong G x G interactions on parasitism rates, reflecting the known genetic specificity of symbiont-conferred resistance, and we observed a significant G x G x E interaction induced by heat shocks. However, this three-way interaction was mainly driven by the more extreme heat shock (39°C), which had devastating effects on aphid lifespan and reproduction. Restricting the analysis to the more realistic heat shock of 35°C, the G x G x E interaction was weaker (albeit still significant), and it did not lead to any reversals of the aphid lines' susceptibility rankings to different parasitoids. Thus, under conditions feasibly encountered in the field, the relative fitness of different parasitoid genotypes on hosts protected by particular symbiont strains remains mostly uncomplicated by heat stress, which should simplify biological control programs dealing with this system.
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12
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Pomari AF, Bueno AF, Bueno RCOF, Menezes AO. Telenomus remus Nixon egg parasitization of three species of Spodoptera under different temperatures. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2013; 42:399-406. [PMID: 23949860 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-013-0138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Telenomus remus Nixon is a promising biocontrol agent as an egg parasitoid of Spodoptera spp., but the lack of information on the host-parasitoid interactions in this system precludes its applied use in agriculture. Therefore, we studied the parasitism capacity of T. remus on eggs of Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker), Spodoptera eridania (Cramer), and Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) in a range of temperatures (19, 22, 25, 28, 31, and 34 ± 1°C) under controlled conditions (70 ± 10% RH and 12 h photophase). Egg masses of Spodoptera spp. were offered to a single-mated T. remus female on a daily basis. More than 80% lifetime parasitism on eggs of S. cosmioides, S. frugiperda, and S. eridania was reached from 1 to 5, 1 to 7, and 1 to 9 days, respectively, at temperatures from 19 to 34°C. More than 80% parasitization was obtained at extreme temperatures for all hosts studied. Lifetime parasitization of S. frugiperda, S. cosmioides, and S. eridania was affected by temperature, with the lowest values for S. frugiperda (34°C) and S. cosmioides (19 and 34°C). Parasitization of S. eridania eggs was reduced around 18% at 28 and 31°C, but dropped more severely at 34°C. Parasitoid longevity was reduced as temperature increased. Thus, our data indicated that T. remus might be suitable as a biocontrol agent against S. eridania, S. cosmioides, and S. frugiperda in geographical areas that fit the temperature range studied here, even though T. remus parasitism was reduced at 34°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Pomari
- Fac de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Univ de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Romo CM, Tylianakis JM. Elevated temperature and drought interact to reduce parasitoid effectiveness in suppressing hosts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58136. [PMID: 23472147 PMCID: PMC3589357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change affects the abundance, distribution and activity of natural enemies that are important for suppressing herbivore crop pests. Moreover, higher mean temperatures and increased frequency of climatic extremes are expected to induce different responses across trophic levels, potentially disrupting predator-prey interactions. Using field observations, we examined the response of an aphid host-parasitoid system to variation in temperature. Temperature was positively associated with attack rates by parasitoids, but also with a non-significant trend towards increased attack rates by higher-level hyperparasitoids. Elevated hyperparasitism could partly offset any benefit of climate warming to parasitoids, and would suggest that higher trophic levels may hamper predictions of predator-prey interactions. Additionally, the mechanisms affecting host-parasitoid dynamics were examined using controlled laboratory experiments that simulated both temperature increase and drought. Parasitoid fitness and longevity responded differently when exposed to each climatic variable in isolation, compared to the interaction of both variables at once. Although temperature increase or drought tended to positively affect the ability of parasitoids to control aphid populations, these effects were significantly reversed when the drivers were expressed in concert. Additionally, separate warming and drought treatments reduced parasitoid longevity, and although temperature increased parasitoid emergence success and drought increased offspring production, combined temperature and drought produced the lowest parasitoid emergence. The non-additive effects of different climate drivers, combined with differing responses across trophic levels, suggest that predicting future pest outbreaks will be more challenging than previously imagined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia M Romo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Heat and starvation induced hormesis in longevity of Oomyzus sokolowskii (Kurdjumov) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) adult females. J Therm Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ismail M, Vernon P, Hance T, Pierre JS, van Baaren J. What are the possible benefits of small size for energy-constrained ectotherms in cold stress conditions? OIKOS 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20582.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Temperature and parasitism by Asobara tabida (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) influence larval pupation behaviour in two Drosophila species. Naturwissenschaften 2011; 98:705-9. [PMID: 21681419 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-011-0813-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In holometabolous insects, pupation site selection behaviour has large consequences for survival. Here, we investigated the combined effects of temperature and parasitism by the parasitoid Asobara tabida on larval pupation behaviour in two of its main Drosophila sp. hosts differing in their climate origin. We found that larvae of Drosophila melanogaster--a species with a (sub)tropical origin--placed at 25°C pupated higher in rearing jars than those placed at 15°C. The opposite pattern was observed for Drosophila subobscura larvae--a species from temperate regions--which pupated lower, i.e. on or near the substrate at 25°C, than those placed at 15°C. When placed at 25°C, parasitized larvae of both species pupated closer to the substrate than unparasitized ones. Moreover, the Drosophila larvae that had been exposed and probably stung by A. tabida, but were not parasitized, pupated lower than the control unparasitized larvae. These results provide new insights of host behaviour manipulation by A. tabida larvae.
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