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Storch-De-Gracia P, Antoñanzas-Bernar V, Vergara-Muñoz B, Lamagrande-Casanova N, Di Campli-Zaghlul M, Suárez-Bustamante M, Añón-Hidalgo J, Maiques M. Comparison of amoxicillin administered twice and three times daily in children with acute otitis media. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:5599-5605. [PMID: 37816980 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05243-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
To compare the effectiveness of amoxicillin administered in regimens of two or three daily doses in children with acute otitis media (AOM). As a secondary aim, we measured and compared treatment adherence between the two groups.A prospective observational study was conducted in the emergency department of a children's hospital.We recruited a total of 353 patients having a median age of 1.58 years. Twice-daily dosing was prescribed to 58%, while 42% received three doses per day. The clinical course of AOM was favourable in 92% of the patients who received two doses of amoxicillin and in 95% of those who received three doses (p = 0.25). Four patients (1%) had persistent symptoms beyond day 7. None developed intracranial complications. In the group receiving three doses daily, 31% reported difficulties with the dosing schedule, and 9.6% faced challenges when administering the medication at the specified volume, compared with 5.8% and 25% of those who received the two-dose regimen, respectively. Conclusion: Twice-daily amoxicillin has similar efficacy to a three-dose daily regimen and can offer advantages for caregivers in terms of administration schedule. What is Known: • Amoxicillin given in two daily doses is as effective as a three doses regimen in the treatment of acute otitis media in children. • The lower the number of daily doses, the higher the adherence to a drug treatment. What is New: • Administration of amoxicillin in twice-daily doses may improve adherence, as it is less frequently associated with family-perceived problems with dosing schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Storch-De-Gracia
- Emergency Department, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 65, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Miguel Maiques
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Das A, Das A, Banik BK. Tellurium-based chemical sensors. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The various tellurium-based chemical sensors are described. This article focuses on four types of Tellurium sensors such as CdTe quantum dots-based sensor, Te thin films-based sensor, Te nanostructures or nanoparticles-based sensor, and TeO2-based sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjaly Das
- National Institute of Electronics & Information Technology , Calicut 673601 , Kerala , India
| | - Aparna Das
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , College of Sciences and Human Studies, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University , Al Khobar 31952 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bimal Krishna Banik
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , College of Sciences and Human Studies, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University , Al Khobar 31952 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Double-signal quantification of amoxicillin based on interaction with 4-aminoantipyrine at copper and nitrogen co-doped carbon quantum dots as an artificial nanozyme. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:183. [PMID: 35394214 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05253-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An one-pot hydrothermal method was developed for synthesis of carbon quantum dots co-doped with copper and nitrogen (Cu, N@CQDs). The synthesized Cu, N@CQDs has unique advantages such as high fluorescence quantum yield (39.1%) and high catalytic activity. Oxidative coupling of amoxicillin (AMX) with 4-aminoantipyrine (4-NH2-APE) in the presence of H2O2 as an oxidant to produce pink quinoneimine chromogen was carried out with the aid of Cu, N@CQDs as a peroxidase-like catalyst. This system was used for the colorimetric and fluorometric assays of AMX with reliable results. Colorimetric method is based on the measurement of a pink-colored product at λmax = 505 nm while the fluorometric assay is based on the quenching of the fluorescence emission of Cu, N@CQDs at 440 nm after excitation at 370 nm. For the colorimetric method, the absorption intensity linearly increased over the concentration range 4.3-110.0 µM with LOD (S/N = 3) of 1.3 µM. For the fluorometric method, the emission intensity of Cu, N@CQDs linearly decreased upon addition of AMX in the concentration range 0.2-120.0 µM with a limit of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) of 0.06 µM. The proposed system was applied to the determination of AMX in different real samples such as pharmaceutical capsules, human serum, milk, and conduit water samples with recoveries in the range 95.8-104.1% and relative standard deviation (RSD %) less than 4.1%.
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Nguyen DK, Jang CH. A Label-Free Liquid Crystal Biosensor Based on Specific DNA Aptamer Probes for Sensitive Detection of Amoxicillin Antibiotic. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12040370. [PMID: 33808299 PMCID: PMC8065461 DOI: 10.3390/mi12040370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We developed a liquid crystal (LC) aptamer biosensor for the sensitive detection of amoxicillin (AMX). The AMX aptamer was immobilized onto the surface of a glass slide modified with a mixed self-assembled layer of dimethyloctadecyl [3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl] ammonium chloride (DMOAP) and (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES). The long alkyl chains of DMOAP maintained the LC molecules in a homeotropic orientation and induced a dark optical appearance under a polarized light microscope (POM). In the presence of AMX, the specific binding of the aptamer and AMX molecules induced a conformational change in the aptamers, leading to the disruption of the homeotropic orientation of LCs, resulting in a bright optical appearance. The developed aptasensor showed high specificity and a low detection limit of 3.5 nM. Moreover, the potential application of the developed aptasensor for the detection of AMX in environmental samples was also demonstrated. Therefore, the proposed aptasensor is a promising platform for simple, rapid, and label-free monitoring of AMX in an actual water environment with high selectivity and sensitivity.
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Kamyabi MA, Alipour Z, Moharramnezhad M. Amplified cathodic electrochemiluminescence of luminol based on zinc oxide nanoparticle modified Ni-foam electrode for ultrasensitive detection of amoxicillin. J Solid State Electrochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-020-04820-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Khan MW, Wang YK, Wu YE, Tang BH, Kan M, Shi HY, Zheng Y, Xu BP, Shen AD, Jacqz-Aigrain E, Tian LY, Zhao W. Population pharmacokinetics and dose optimization of ceftriaxone for children with community-acquired pneumonia. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 76:1547-1556. [PMID: 32583354 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-020-02939-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess ceftriaxone population pharmacokinetics in a large pediatric population and describe the proper dose for establishing an optimized antibiotic regimen. METHODS From pediatric patients using ceftriaxone, blood samples were obtained and the concentration was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet detection. The NONMEM software program was used for population pharmacokinetic analysis, for which data from 99 pediatric patients (2 to 12 years old) was collected and 175 blood concentrations were obtained. RESULTS The best fit with the data was shown by the one-compartment model with first-order elimination. According to covariate analysis, weight had a significant impact on the clearance of ceftriaxone. Using Monte Carlo simulation, in a pediatric population with community-acquired pneumonia, a dose regimen of 100 mg/kg every 24 h produced satisfactory target attainment rates while remaining within the required minimum inhibitory concentration (2 mg/L). CONCLUSION Population pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone was evaluated in children and an optimum dosing regimen was constructed on the basis of the pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics model-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Wasim Khan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ya-Kun Wang
- Department of Respiratory Care, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yue-E Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bo-Hao Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Min Kan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hai-Yan Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Clinical Trial Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bao-Ping Xu
- China National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Respiratory Department, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - A-Dong Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain
- Department of Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Hôpital Robert Debré, APHP, Paris, France.,University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Li-Yuan Tian
- Department of Respiratory Care, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, China. .,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Clinical Trial Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
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Morris MC, Chapman TJ, Pichichero ME, Broderick G. Immune Network Modeling Predicts Specific Nasopharyngeal and Peripheral Immune Dysregulation in Otitis-Prone Children. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1168. [PMID: 32595639 PMCID: PMC7301607 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute otitis media (AOM) pathogenesis involves nasopharyngeal colonization by potential otopathogens and a viral co-infection. Stringently-defined otitis prone (sOP) children show characteristic patterns of immune dysfunction. We hypothesized that otitis proneness is largely a result of altered signaling between immune components that are otherwise competent, resulting in increased susceptibility to infection by bacterial otopathogens. To test this, we constructed a regulatory immune network model linking immune cells and signaling elements known to be involved in AOM and/or dysregulated in sOP children. The alignment of immune response mechanisms with data from in vivo and in vitro experimental observations produced 82 putative immune network models, each describing variants of immune regulatory networks consistent with available observations. Analysis of these models suggested that new measurements of serum levels of IL-4 and CXCL8 could refine competing models and resulted in the elimination of 38 of the models. Further analysis of the remaining 44 models suggested specific deviations in the predicted regulation of nasopharyngeal and peripheral immunity during response to AOM. Specifically, immune responses active in sOP children during AOM were characterized by early and constitutive activation of pro-inflammatory signaling in the nasopharynx and a Th2- and Treg-dominated profile in the periphery. We conclude that sOP children have altered regulation of key immune mediators during both health and pathogenesis. This altered regulation may be amenable to therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Morris
- Center for Clinical Systems Biology, Research Institute, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Timothy J. Chapman
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Research Institute, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Michael E. Pichichero
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Research Institute, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Gordon Broderick
- Center for Clinical Systems Biology, Research Institute, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States
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8
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Wong A, Santos AM, Cincotto FH, Moraes FC, Fatibello-Filho O, Sotomayor MD. A new electrochemical platform based on low cost nanomaterials for sensitive detection of the amoxicillin antibiotic in different matrices. Talanta 2020; 206:120252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Cristinacce A, Wright JG, Stone GG, Hammond J, McFadyen L, Raber S. A Retrospective Analysis of Probability of Target Attainment in Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Ceftaroline Fosamil Versus Comparators. Infect Dis Ther 2019; 8:185-198. [PMID: 30963520 PMCID: PMC6522587 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-019-0243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This retrospective analysis compares the probability of target attainment (PTA) for ceftriaxone, levofloxacin and ceftaroline fosamil against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in a representative patient population with moderate-to-severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods Published pharmacokinetic (PK) models for levofloxacin and ceftriaxone, and an existing model for ceftaroline, were used with standard dosage regimens for simulating individual PK data with covariates representative of patients with CAP (5000 patients/drug regimen). PTA for clinically relevant pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) targets was calculated from steady state PK profiles for a range of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Cumulative fractions of response (CFRs) were also calculated using MIC distributions from 2012 to 2017 global surveillance data. Results Ceftaroline fosamil (600 mg q12 h) achieved > 90% PTA at all exposure targets for each pathogen at European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST)/Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) susceptibility breakpoints, and CFRs were > 99%. Ceftriaxone, but not levofloxacin, achieved 100% PTA and > 90% CFR against S. pneumoniae. Both levofloxacin and ceftriaxone achieved high PTA and CFR against H. influenzae. Levofloxacin achieved PTAs < 90% at EUCAST/CLSI breakpoints and ceftriaxone achieved PTAs < 90% at MICs up to 2 mg/L against S. aureus; both agents produced generally low CFRs against S. aureus (except levofloxacin against methicillin-sensitive S. aureus), reflecting the lack of activity of these agents against methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Conclusion Ceftaroline fosamil demonstrated higher overall PTA rates than levofloxacin and ceftriaxone, in particular against S. aureus. These results provide insight regarding the potential comparative efficacy of the described antibiotics for moderate-to-severe CAP. Funding Pfizer.
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Prado TM, Cincotto FH, Moraes FC, Machado SA. Electrochemical Sensor-Based Ruthenium Nanoparticles on Reduced Graphene Oxide for the Simultaneous Determination of Ethinylestradiol and Amoxicillin. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago M. Prado
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos; University of São Paulo; São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | | | - Fernando C. Moraes
- Chemistry Department; Federal University of São Carlos; São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - Sergio A.S. Machado
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos; University of São Paulo; São Carlos, SP Brazil
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Oral penicillin prescribing for children in the UK: a comparison with BNF for Children age-band recommendations. Br J Gen Pract 2015; 64:e217-22. [PMID: 24686886 DOI: 10.3399/bjgp14x677842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The British National Formulary for Children (BNFC) recommends dosing oral penicillins according to age-bands, weight-bands, or weight-based calculations. Because of the rising prevalence of childhood obesity, age-band-based prescribing could lead to subtherapeutic dosing. AIM To investigate actual oral penicillin prescribing by GPs in the UK with reference to the current BNFC age-band recommendations. DESIGN AND SETTING Descriptive analysis of UK prescriptions in the 2010 IMS Disease-Analyzer database (IMS-DA). METHOD A detailed database analysis was undertaken of oral penicillin prescriptions for 0-18 year olds from the 2010 IMS-DA. The prescription analysis included all available data on formulation, strength (mg), prescription quantity unit, package size, prescribed quantity, and volume. RESULTS Considering amoxicillin alone, no infants (aged <1 year) were prescribed the BNFC 2011 edition recommended unit dose (62.5 mg), while the majority received double the dose (125 mg); among children aged 1-5 years, 96% were prescribed the recommended unit dose (125 mg), but 40% of 6-12 year olds and 70% of 12-18 year olds were prescribed unit doses below the BNFC recommendations. For otitis media, only those children aged <1 year received the recommended dose of amoxicillin (40-90 mg/kg/day). Similar variations in dosing across age-bands were observed for phenoxymethylpenicillin and flucloxacillin. CONCLUSION There is wide variation in the dosing of penicillins for children in UK primary care, with very few children being prescribed the current national recommended doses. There is an urgent need to review dosing guidelines, in relation to the weights of children today.
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Asín-Prieto E, Rodríguez-Gascón A, Isla A. Applications of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis of antimicrobial agents. J Infect Chemother 2015; 21:319-29. [PMID: 25737147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The alarming increase of resistance against multiple currently available antibiotics is leading to a rapid lose of treatment options against infectious diseases. Since the antibiotic resistance is partially due to a misuse or abuse of the antibiotics, this situation can be reverted when improving their use. One strategy is the optimization of the antimicrobial dosing regimens. In fact, inappropriate drug choice and suboptimal dosing are two major factors that should be considered because they lead to the emergence of drug resistance and consequently, poorer clinical outcomes. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis in combination with Monte Carlo simulation allows to optimize dosing regimens of the antibiotic agents in order to conserve their therapeutic value. Therefore, the aim of this review is to explain the basis of the PK/PD analysis and associated techniques, and provide a brief revision of the applications of PK/PD analysis from a therapeutic point-of-view. The establishment and reevaluation of clinical breakpoints is the sticking point in antibiotic therapy as the clinical use of the antibiotics depends on them. Two methodologies are described to establish the PK/PD breakpoints, which are a big part of the clinical breakpoint setting machine. Furthermore, the main subpopulations of patients with altered characteristics that can condition the PK/PD behavior (such as critically ill, elderly, pediatric or obese patients) and therefore, the outcome of the antibiotic therapy, are reviewed. Finally, some recommendations are provided from a PK/PD point of view to enhance the efficacy of prophylaxis protocols used in surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Asín-Prieto
- Pharmacokinetics, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Centro de Investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Alicia Rodríguez-Gascón
- Pharmacokinetics, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Centro de Investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Arantxazu Isla
- Pharmacokinetics, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Centro de Investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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Vilalta C, Giboin H, Schneider M, El Garch F, Fraile L. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic evaluation of marbofloxacin in the treatment of
Haemophilus parasuis
and
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
infections in nursery and fattener pigs using Monte Carlo simulations. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2014; 37:542-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Vilalta
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - H. Giboin
- Vétoquinol Research Centre Lure France
| | | | | | - L. Fraile
- ETSEA Universitat de Lleida Lleida Spain
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del Castillo Martín F, Baquero Artigao F, de la Calle Cabrera T, López Robles M, Ruiz Canela J, Alfayate Miguelez S, Moraga Llop F, Cilleruelo Ortega M, Calvo Rey C. Documento de consenso sobre etiología, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la otitis media aguda. An Pediatr (Barc) 2012; 77:345.e1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2012.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Aguilar L, Granizo JJ. Aproximaciones farmacodinámicas para la evaluación de la cobertura de un antibiótico como tratamiento empírico. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2011; 29:165-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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