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Barbería-Marcalain E, Xifró-Collsamata A, Arroyo-Fernández A, Medallo-Muñiz J. Prevalencia de marcadores de los virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y la hepatitis C en los cadáveres judiciales de Barcelona y Lleida. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2016; 34:391-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Noubiap JJN, Aka PV, Nanfack AJ, Agyingi LA, Ngai JN, Nyambi PN. Hepatitis B and C Co-Infections in Some HIV-Positive Populations in Cameroon, West Central Africa: Analysis of Samples Collected Over More Than a Decade. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137375. [PMID: 26371878 PMCID: PMC4570762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Sub-Saharan Africa live longer due to availability of antiretroviral treatment (ART), so is the rise of associated infections with their burdens on patients. But reliable data on the prevalence of co-infection with hepatitis B (HBV) or C (HCV) still remains sparse and many individuals with HIV do not know their co-infection status. This study attempted to estimate the seroprevalence and identify risk factors associated with hepatitis B and/or C co-infections in HIV-infected individuals from five Regions of Cameroon by screening 531 HIV infected subjects for the presence of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to HCV (HCV-Ab). A Screening and a confirmatory Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect presence of markers of infection. CD4 count levels were also examined. The results indicate that of the 531 participants, 68% were females and 32% males. Mean CD4 count was ~400 cells/μl. Seroprevalence rates for HBsAg and HCV-Ab were 23.7%, and 7.2%, respectively. Associations assessed using logistic regression revealed that HBsAg but not HCV-Ab positivity was linked to age, lower CD4 count and residing in an urban rather than in a rural setting. This high prevalence of co-infection with HBV raises the urgent need to systematically screen all newly diagnosed HIV cases for co-infection in Cameroon and other regions of sub-Saharan Africa where HIV accounts for the majority of the global infection, so as to improve management strategies for HBV infection and ART implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter V. Aka
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Aubin J. Nanfack
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Immunology and Applied Biotechnology, University of Rome Tor Vergatta, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucy A. Agyingi
- Serology Unit, Medical Diagnostic Center, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - Phillipe N. Nyambi
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare Systems, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zekri ARN, Abdullah D, Osman A, El-Rouby MN, Zayed N, Esmat G, Elakel W, Hafez HA. Epstein-Barr virus and Interleukin-28B polymorphism in the prediction of response to interferon therapy in hepatitis C patients. Arab J Gastroenterol 2015; 16:84-9. [PMID: 26526510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS In chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV), viral and host factors are known to be predictors for anti-viral therapy. IL-28B genotype strongly influences treatment outcome, while Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) co-infection could accelerate the course of chronic HCV infection. This study was conducted to assess whether EBV co-infection adds to the predictive value of IL-28B. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 105 patients with chronic HCV were classified according to their response to treatment into two groups: 38 sustained virological responders (SVRs) and 67 nonresponders (NRs). Collected sera at baseline and follow-up (FUP) were used for assessing EBV antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the expression of EBV genes (BNLF-1, BZLF-1, and EBER-2) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Collected peripheral blood was used for detecting IL-28B rs.12979860 single-nucleotide polymorphism. RESULTS Regarding IL-28B genotype frequencies, a significant difference (p=0.003) was observed between SVRs (C/C=51.4%, C/T=48.6%, T/T=0%) and NRs (C/C=25%, C/T=55%, T/T=20%). On assessing EBV infection at baseline and FUP, it was found that 61% and 55% were positive, respectively, with no significant difference between SVRs and NRs. As for anti-viral capsid antigen (VCA) antibodies, the NRs had significantly higher baseline anti-VCA immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels than SVRs (p=0.01). While FUP anti-Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) IgG reported a significant decline within SVR patients (p=0.02), neither baseline nor FUP anti-VCA IgG levels showed a statistically significant viral response. Finally, on comparing EBV markers with CC versus CT and TT genotypes, it was found that FUP anti-VCA IgG levels were significantly increased in CC genotype (p=0.003). CONCLUSION Interleukin-28B polymorphism could be a possible predictor of response to pegylated interferon/ribavirin therapy (PEG-IFN/RBV). Furthermore, co-infection with EBV did not affect the response to IFN-based therapy in HCV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Rahman N Zekri
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Dina Abdullah
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Osman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ainshams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud N El-Rouby
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Naglaa Zayed
- Endemic Medicine and Hepatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gamal Esmat
- Endemic Medicine and Hepatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wafaa Elakel
- Endemic Medicine and Hepatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan Abdel Hafez
- Endemic Medicine and Hepatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Utsumi T, Lusida MI. Viral hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus co-infections in Asia. World J Virol 2015; 4:96-104. [PMID: 25964874 PMCID: PMC4419124 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v4.i2.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affect many people in Asian countries, although there are geographic differences. Both HBV and HIV (HBV/HIV) and HCV/HIV co-infections are highly prevalent in Asia. Hetero- and homosexual, injection drug use, and geographic area are strong predictors of HBV, HCV, and HIV serostatus. In HBV endemic regions, the prevalence and genotype distribution of HBV/HIV co-infection is almost comparable with that in the general population. In Japan, where HBV has low endemicity, the prevalence of HBV/HIV co-infection is approximately 10-fold higher than that in the general population, and HBV Ae is the most common subgenotype among HIV infected individuals. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is an effective treatment for HIV/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Lamivudine, a component of HAART, is an effective treatment for HBV, HIV, and HBV/HIV co-infection; however, cost, emerging drug resistance, antiretroviral-associated liver toxicity and liver-related morbidity due to HCV progression are particular concerns. HCV/HIV co-infection may accelerate the clinical progression of both HCV and HIV. The high prevalence of HBV/HIV and HCV/HIV co-infections in Asia underscores the need to improve prevention and control measures, as fewer evidence-based prevention strategies are available (compared with Western countries). In this review, the most recent publications on the prevalence of HBV/HIV and HCV/HIV co-infections and related issues, such as therapy and problems in Asia, are updated and summarized.
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Brandão NAA, Pfrimer IAH, Martelli CMT, Turchi MD. Prevalence of hepatitis B and C infection and associated factors in people living with HIV in Midwestern Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis 2015; 19:426-30. [PMID: 25766773 PMCID: PMC9427459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of infection by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in people infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and analyze sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with such co-infection. A cross-section study was performed in 495 individuals treated at a public center in the city of Goiânia. Participants were interviewed and blood collected for evaluation of serological and molecular markers for HBV and HCV. The rate of exposure to HBV was 33.5% (95% CI 29.4–37.9). Nineteen patients (3.8%) were diagnosed as HBV carriers, of whom 68.4% were HBV DNA positive. The prevalence of anti-HCV was 9.7% (95% CI 7.3–12.7). Genotype 1a was identified in 72.7% of the PCR samples positive for HCV. Co-infection by all three viruses was 4.4% (95% CI 2.9–6.8). Being, male, aged ≥40 years, history of sexually transmitted disease (STD), and having homosexual practices were independently associated with the presence of markers of HBV exposure. A history of injectable drugs use and STDs showed association with HCV seropositivity. Approximately 50% of participants were not aware of their HBV and HCV serostatus. The results obtained may contribute to assess the burden of viral hepatitis in people living with HIV and to guiding preventive measures for more vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marília Dalva Turchi
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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Cifuentes C, Mancebo-Hernández M, Pérez-Navarro E, Recio E, Monje-Agudo P, Valiente A, Pineda JA. [Prevalence and genotype distribution changes in hepatitis C virus co-infection among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2014; 33:110-2. [PMID: 25510595 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of hepatitisC is decreasing among new diagnoses of HIV/HCV coinfection in Spain. The increasing use of the HCV treatment could have changed the HCV genotype distribution. The aim of this study is to analyze changes in the prevalence of HCV coinfection and in HCV genotype distribution among HIV-infected patients. METHODS A serial cross-sectional study was conducted that included all HIV-infected patients who attended the Outpatient Clinic of a hospital in Andalusia, between September 2008 and February 2009 (first period), and between January 2013 and June 2013 (second period). RESULTS A total of 520 and 651 patients were included in the first and second period, respectively. The risk factors of HCV infection in the first vs. second period were: IDU, 319 (61%) vs. 348 (53%); heterosexual contact, 111 (21%) vs. 135 (21%); homosexual men, 76 (15%) vs. 114 (22%) (P=.006). The prevalence of HCV antibody per period was: 358 (69%) vs. 380 (58%) (P=<.001), and for the HCV-RNA was 255 (49%) vs. 240 (37%) (P=<.001). In both periods, the HCV genotype distribution was: 1, 137 (60%) vs. 138 (59%); 3, 45 (20%) vs. 42 (18%); 4, 42 (18%) vs. 47 (20%) (P=.881). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of HCV infection in HIV-infected patients has decreased in our area, including overall exposure to HCV virus and active infection during the last 5 years. However, the HCV genotype distribution has not changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Cifuentes
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, España
| | - María Mancebo-Hernández
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, España
| | - Elisabet Pérez-Navarro
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, España
| | - Eva Recio
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, España
| | - Patricia Monje-Agudo
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, España
| | - Adoración Valiente
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, España; Unidad Clínica Intercentros de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Macarena, Sevilla, España
| | - Juan A Pineda
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, España.
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Moreira M, Ramos A, Netto EM, Brites C. Characteristics of co-infections by HCV and HBV among Brazilian patients infected by HIV-1 and/or HTLV-1. Braz J Infect Dis 2013; 17:661-6. [PMID: 24029434 PMCID: PMC9427332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The human retroviruses HIV-1 and HTLV-1 share the routes of infection with hepatitis viruses B and C. Co-infection by these agents are a common event, but we have scarce knowledge on co-infection by two or more of these agents. Objective To evaluate the characteristics and risk factors for co-infections by HBV and HCV in patients infected by HIV-1 or/and HTLV-1, in Salvador, Brazil. Methods In a case–control study we evaluated patients followed in the AIDS and HTLV clinics of Federal University of Bahia Hospital. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics were reviewed, and patients were tested for the presence of serological markers of HBV and HCV infections. HCV-infected patients were tested by PCR to evaluate the presence of viremia. Results A total of 200 HIV-1, 213 HTLV-1-infected, and 38 HIV-HTLV-co-infected individuals were included. HIV-infected patients were more likely to have had more sexual partners in the lifetime than other patients’ groups. HIV-HTLV-co-infected subjects were predominantly male. Patients infected by HTLV or co-infected had a significantly higher frequency of previous syphilis or gonorrhea, while HIV infection was mainly associated with HPV infection. Co-infection was significantly associated to intravenous drug use (IVDU). HBV and/or HCV markers were more frequently found among co-infected patients. HBV markers were more frequently detected among HIV-infected patients, while HCV was clearly associated with IVDU across all groups. AgHBs was strongly associated with co-infection by HIV-HTLV (OR = 22.03, 95% CI: 2.69–469.7), as well as confirmed HCV infection (p = 0.001). Concomitant HCV and HBV infection was also associated with retroviral co-infection. Patients infected by HTLV-1 had a lower chance of detectable HCV viremia (OR = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.002–0.85). Conclusions Infection by HCV and/or HBV is frequent among patients presenting retroviral infection, but risk factors and prevalence for each infection are distinct for each agent. Retroviral co-infection increases the risk of a positive AgHBs, but HTLV-1 infection seems to increase the likelihood of HCV spontaneous clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carlos Brites
- Corresponding author at: Rua Augusto Viana, Sn, 6° andar, Canela, Salvador, BA 40140-480, Brazil.
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Farías AA, Kremer LE, Allende L, Díaz MDP, Pisano MB, Contigiani MS, Ré VE. Determinants of immunological and virological responses to antiretroviral therapy amongst HIV-infected adults in central Argentina: negative influence of hepatitis C infection. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2013; 107:432-7. [PMID: 23761392 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trt043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to update the epidemiological data on the prevalence of coinfection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV, and to identify whether specific clinical and epidemiological factors influenced the response of HIV-positive adults to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS This retrospective observational cohort study of 238 HIV-infected patients evaluated the effect of different epidemiological and clinical parameters (including HCV coinfection) on therapy response among HIV-infected adults initiating HAART. Multiple logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with therapy response and estimated risk coefficients. RESULTS Seroprevalence of HCV infection in this population was 26% (62/238). We did not observe a significant association between immunological or virological response relating to patient gender or HAART regimen. However, this analysis showed that HCV serological status, age at HIV diagnosis, duration of treatment and WHO clinical stage of AIDS (<200 CD4 cells/ml independently of viral load either < or > to 100,000 copies/ml), were significantly associated with immunological and virological responses to HAART. CONCLUSIONS These results show further evidence that hepatitis C serostatus is associated with a reduced response to HAART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Alejandro Farías
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología Dr J M Vanella, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Miró JM, Manzardo C, Zamora L, Pumarola T, Herreras Z, Gallart T, Gatell JM. Manejo clínico de la infección aguda y crónica por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana antes del inicio del tratamiento antirretroviral. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2011; 29:759-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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