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Sandhya S, Talukdar J, Gogoi G, Dey KS, Das B, Baishya D. Impact of coconut kernel extract on carcinogen-induced skin cancer model: Oxidative stress, C-MYC proto-oncogene and tumor formation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29385. [PMID: 38665592 PMCID: PMC11043960 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at analysing the effects of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) kernel extract (CKE) on oxidative stress, C-MYC proto-oncogene, and tumour formation in a skin cancer model. Tumorigenesis was induced by dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). In vitro antioxidant activity of CKE was assessed using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), total phenolic and flavonoid content assays. CKE showed a higher antioxidant activity then ascorbic acid (*P < 0.05, ****P < 0.0001). HPLC and NMR study of the CKE revealed the presence of lauric acid (LA). Following the characterization of CKE, mice were randomly assigned to receive DMBA/TPA Induction and CKE treatment at different doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) of body weight. LA 100 mg/kg of body weight used as standard. Significantly, the CKE200 and control groups' mice did not develop tumors; however, the CKE100 and CKE50 treated groups did develop tumors less frequently than the DMBA/TPA-treated mice. Histopathological analysis revealed that the epidermal layer in DMBA-induced mice was thicker and had squamous pearls along with a hyperplasia/dysplasia lesion, indicating skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), whereas the epidermal layers in CKE200-treated and control mice were normal. Additionally, the CKE treatment demonstrated a significant stimulatory effect on the activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as an inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidase (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001) and c-MYC protein expression (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001). In conclusion, CKE prevents the growth of tumors on mouse skin by reducing oxidative stress and suppressing c-MYC overexpression brought on by DMBA/TPA induction. This makes it an effective dietary antioxidant with anti-tumor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorra Sandhya
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati Research Park, Assam, India
| | - Joyeeta Talukdar
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati Research Park, Assam, India
| | - Gayatri Gogoi
- Department of Pathology, Assam Medical College and Hospital (AMCH), Assam, India
| | | | - Bikul Das
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati Research Park, Assam, India
- Department of Stem Cell and Infection, Thoreau Lab for Global Health, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Debabrat Baishya
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
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2
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Gao A, Zhang L, Zhong D. Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia: literature review. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:10. [PMID: 36695938 PMCID: PMC9877263 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00616-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) is a common condition that frequently results in reduced chemotherapy dosages, postponed treatment, bleeding, and unfavorable oncological outcomes. At present, there is no clear suggestions for preventing or treating CIT. Thrombopoietin (TPO) replacement therapy has been invented and used to treat CIT to promote the production of megakaryocytes and stimulate the formation of platelets. However, this treatment is limited to the risk of immunogenicity and cancer progression. Therefore, an unmet need exists for exploring alternatives to TPO to address the clinical issue of CIT. Application of appropriate therapeutic drugs may be due to understanding the potential mechanisms of CIT. Studies have shown that chemotherapy significantly affects various cells in bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, reduces their ability to support normal hematopoiesis, and may lead to BM damage, including CIT in cancer patients. This review focuses on the epidemiology and treatment of cancer patients with CIT. We also introduce some recent progress to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of chemotherapy inhibiting normal hematopoiesis and causing thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No.154, Anshandao, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No.154, Anshandao, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Diansheng Zhong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No.154, Anshandao, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
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3
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Tarhan İ. A new and rapid analysis method for the most important herbal squalene source: Comparison of UV–visible, fluorescence, and FTIR techniques for the quantification of squalene in amaranth seed oil. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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4
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Reddy K, Gurupadayya B M, Choezom L, Vikram P R H. Determination of phytocomponents and validation of squalene in ethanolic extract of Clerodendrum serratum Linn roots—using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and GC-FID technique. J Anal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-021-00286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Clerodendrum serratum Linn commonly known as Bharangi in India has wide applications in the Ayurveda and Siddha system of medicine which has been attributed to the treatment of various diseases like asthma, cough, fever, rheumatism, and cephalalgia ophthalmia. Squalene has nutritional, medicinal, and pharmaceutical health benefits, hence possess antioxidant and cytoprotective effects.
Method
The study presents the GC-MS analysis of phytoconstituents present in the Clerodendrum serratum roots and further estimation of one of the constituents, i.e., squalene which is ought to be present in the roots as per mass spectral data obtained. Squalene was determined from the ethanolic extract of C. serratum roots using GC-FID without derivatization.
Results
Four major constituents, i.e., squalene, methyl palmitate, hexadecenoic acid, and stigmasterol were detected by GC-MS. Squalene from the extract was eluted at 17.5min which was confirmed with the standard squalene peak eluted at the same retention time. The linearity range chosen was 5–30ug/mL, and the method was found to be pretty linear (R=0.995), accurate with satisfactory repeatability. Hence, the phytochemical compounds were detected by GC-MS and the squalene was determined and validated according to the ICH guidelines.
Conclusion
Thus, the green gas chromatographic method can be used for quantification and qualification of active constituents in the roots of ethanolic extract of C. serratum. In addition, the presence of metabolite squalene by the GC-FID method was developed for the extract which is simple, fast, and environmentally friendly.
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5
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Rafieemehr H, Maleki Behzad M, Azandeh S, Farshchi N, Ghasemi Dehcheshmeh M, Saki N. Chemo/radiotherapy-Induced Bone Marrow Niche Alterations. Cancer Invest 2020; 39:180-194. [PMID: 33225760 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2020.1855353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) niche is a specific microenvironment for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) as well as non-hematopoietic cells. Evidence shows that chemo/radiotherapy can lead to the disruption of different properties of HSCs such as proliferation, differentiation, localization, self-renewa, and steady-state of cell populations. Investigations have shown that the deregulation of balance within the marrow cavity due to chemo/radiotherapy could lead to bone loss, abnormal hematopoiesis, and enhanced differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells towards the adipogenic lineage. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of chemo/radiotherapy induced BM niche changes may lead to the application of appropriate therapeutic agents to prevent BM niche defects. Highlights Chemo/radiotherapy disrupts the steady-state of bone marrow niche cells and result in deregulation of normal balance of stromal cell populations. Chemo/radiotherapy agents play a significant role in reducing of bone formation as well as fat accumulation in the bone marrow niche. Targeting molecular pathways may lead to recovery of bone marrow niches after chemo/radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Rafieemehr
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masumeh Maleki Behzad
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saeed Azandeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center (CMRC), Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicin, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS), Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Niloofar Farshchi
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Najmaldin Saki
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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6
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Tarhan İ. A comparative study of ATR-FTIR, UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy combined with chemometrics for quantification of squalene in extra virgin olive oils. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 241:118714. [PMID: 32717649 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), and fluorescence (FL) spectroscopic techniques, combined with partial least-square (PLS) regression with various spectral derivatization methods were tested for the quantitative determination of squalene content of extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs). A set of 90 calibration standards covering a wide range of squalene (3.25-12.54 mg/kg) was used to build up the calibration models. The root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), the root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV), and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) were calculated for evaluation of 18 different calibration models. 50 different brands of EVOOs, which are also analyzed in terms of quality indexes, fatty acid composition, and squalene concentration (3.25-12.54 g/kg) were used for checking the predictive capacities of the calibration models. The best predictions were achieved using normal spectra in FL spectroscopy with the lowest RMSEC of 0.1065, RMSEV of 0.1310, and RMSEP of 0.1500 in the spectral region 250-730 nm. Thus, FL spectroscopy combined with PLS regression is proposed as a fast, accurate, and environmentally friendly approach that can be efficiently used in determining squalene in EVOOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- İsmail Tarhan
- Selçuk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, 42130, Selçuklu, Konya, Turkey.
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7
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Fan J, Su YW, Hassanshahi M, Fan CM, Peymanfar Y, Piergentili A, Del Bello F, Quaglia W, Xian CJ. β-Catenin signaling is important for osteogenesis and hematopoiesis recovery following methotrexate chemotherapy in rats. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3740-3751. [PMID: 33078406 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy can significantly impair the bone formation and cause myelosuppression; however, their recovery potentials and mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the roles of the β-catenin signaling pathway in bone and bone marrow recovery potentials in rats treated with antimetabolite methotrexate (MTX) (five once-daily injections, 0.75 mg/kg) with/without β-catenin inhibitor indocyanine green (ICG)-001 (oral, 200 mg/kg/day). ICG alone reduced trabecular bone volume and bone marrow cellularity. In MTX-treated rats, ICG suppressed bone volume recovery on Day 11 after the first MTX injection. ICG exacerbated MTX-induced decreases on Day 9 osteoblast numbers on bone surfaces, their formation in vitro from bone marrow stromal cells (osteogenic differentiation/mineralization), as well as expression of osteogenesis-related markers Runx2, Osx, and OCN in bone, and it suppressed their subsequent recoveries on Day 11. On the other hand, ICG did not affect MTX-induced increased osteoclast density and the level of the osteoclastogenic signal (RANKL/OPG expression ratio) in bone, suggesting that ICG inhibition of β-catenin does nothing to abate the increased bone resorption induced by MTX. ICG also attenuated bone marrow cellularity recovery on Day 11, which was associated with the suppressed recovery of CD34+ or c-Kit+ hematopoietic progenitor cell contents. Thus, β-catenin signaling is important for osteogenesis and hematopoiesis recoveries following MTX chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Wen Su
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Chia-Ming Fan
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yaser Peymanfar
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Fabio Del Bello
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Wilma Quaglia
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Cory J Xian
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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8
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Clima L, Craciun BF, Angeli A, Petreni A, Bonardi A, Nocentini A, Carta F, Gratteri P, Pinteala M, Supuran CT. Synthesis, Computational Studies and Assessment of in Vitro Activity of Squalene Derivatives as Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:2052-2057. [PMID: 32744806 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We report novel molecules incorporating the nontoxic squalene scaffold and different carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs). Potent inhibitory action, in the low-nanomolar range, was detected against isoforms hCA II for sulfonamide derivatives, which proved to be selective against this isoform over the tumor-associate hCA IX and XII isoforms. On the other hand, coumarin derivatives showed weak potency but high selectivity against the tumor-associated isoform CA IX. These compounds are interesting candidates for preclinical evaluation in glaucoma or various tumors in which the two enzymes are involved. In addition, an in silico study of inhibitor-bound hCA II revealed extensive interactions with the hydrophobic pocket of the active site and provided molecular insights into the binding properties of these new inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Clima
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers Department, "Petru Poni", Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487, Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan Florin Craciun
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers Department, "Petru Poni", Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487, Iasi, Romania
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers Department, "Petru Poni", Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487, Iasi, Romania.,Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Andrea Petreni
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers Department, "Petru Poni", Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487, Iasi, Romania.,Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Mariana Pinteala
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers Department, "Petru Poni", Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487, Iasi, Romania
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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9
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Chmelík Z, Šnejdrlová M, Vrablík M. Amaranth as a potential dietary adjunct of lifestyle modification to improve cardiovascular risk profile. Nutr Res 2019; 72:36-45. [PMID: 31757630 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to summarize data regarding amaranth as a potential component of lifestyle modification to improve cardiovascular risk profiles by modifying cardiovascular risk factors such as cholesterol, diabetes, and hypertension. PubMed was searched for appropriate articles. The main inclusion criteria for articles were as follows: interventions with amaranth; conducted in humans or animals or in vitro; and reported serum lipids and lipoprotein levels, and antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and antioxidant abilities. The outcome measures were changes in serum lipids and the presence of antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and antioxidant activity. A total of 33 articles were included herein. Regarding hypolipidemic activity, most studies investigated the effect of intervention with amaranth in animals, and fewer studies were performed in humans. Most studies in animal models demonstrated the ability of amaranth to decrease total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Pilot studies in humans were not convincing regarding amaranth's lipid-lowering activity. Based on this search, it is not clear which constituents are potentially responsible for the hypocholesterolemic effect of amaranth. Some authors tend to think that squalene can play a role in this effect, whereas others suggest that different components of amaranth are of greater importance (eg, sterols, oil fractions rich in fatty acids, proteins, amino acids, or fiber) for its hypocholesterolemic effect. It is possible that several constituents are jointly responsible for this action. Regarding the antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and antioxidant activities, most studies were performed in vitro and showed good potential for all three biological effects. Future research should focus on clarifying the effect of amaranth on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, identifying the constituents responsible for these beneficial effects, and providing more data regarding its use in humans, ideally using randomized controlled trials. The antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and antioxidant activities found in vitro should be confirmed further in animal or human models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Chmelík
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Faculty Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 1, 128 08, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Michaela Šnejdrlová
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Faculty Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 1, 128 08, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Vrablík
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Faculty Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 1, 128 08, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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10
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Yun UJ, Lee JH, Shim J, Yoon K, Goh SH, Yi EH, Ye SK, Lee JS, Lee H, Park J, Lee IH, Kim YN. Anti-cancer effect of doxorubicin is mediated by downregulation of HMG-Co A reductase via inhibition of EGFR/Src pathway. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1157-1172. [PMID: 30700846 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin is a widely used DNA damage-inducing anti-cancer drug. However, its use is limited by its dose-dependent side effects, such as cardiac toxicity. Cholesterol-lowering statin drugs increase the efficacy of some anti-cancer drugs. Cholesterol is important for cell growth and a critical component of lipid rafts, which are plasma membrane microdomains important for cell signaling. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (HMG-CR) is a critical enzyme in cholesterol synthesis. Here, we show that doxorubicin downregulated HMG-CR protein levels and thus reduced levels of cholesterol and lipid rafts. Cholesterol addition attenuated doxorubicin-induced cell death, and cholesterol depletion enhanced it. Reduction of HMG-CR activity by simvastatin, a statin that acts as an HMG-CR inhibitor, or by siRNA-mediated HMG-CR knockdown enhanced doxorubicin cytotoxicity. Doxorubicin-induced HMG-CR downregulation was associated with inactivation of the EGFR-Src pathway. Furthermore, a high-cholesterol-diet attenuated the anti-cancer activity of doxorubicin in a tumor xenograft mouse model. In a multivulva model of Caenorhabditis elegans expressing an active-EGFR mutant, doxorubicin decreased hyperplasia more efficiently in the absence than in the presence of cholesterol. These data indicate that EGFR/Src/HMG-CR is a new pathway mediating doxorubicin-induced cell death and that cholesterol control could be combined with doxorubicin treatment to enhance efficacy and thus reduce side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Un-Jung Yun
- Comparative Biomedicine Research Branch, Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Lee
- Comparative Biomedicine Research Branch, Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jaegal Shim
- Comparative Biomedicine Research Branch, Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kyungsil Yoon
- Comparative Biomedicine Research Branch, Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Goh
- Therapeutic Target Discovery Branch, Division of Precision Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Eun Hee Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Seon Lee
- Department of Molecular medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyunji Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Science, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jongsun Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Science, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - In Hye Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Yong-Nyun Kim
- Comparative Biomedicine Research Branch, Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
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11
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Peluso I, Yarla NS, Ambra R, Pastore G, Perry G. MAPK signalling pathway in cancers: Olive products as cancer preventive and therapeutic agents. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 56:185-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Gohil N, Bhattacharjee G, Khambhati K, Braddick D, Singh V. Engineering Strategies in Microorganisms for the Enhanced Production of Squalene: Advances, Challenges and Opportunities. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:50. [PMID: 30968019 PMCID: PMC6439483 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The triterpene squalene is a natural compound that has demonstrated an extraordinary diversity of uses in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and personal care industries. Emboldened by this range of uses, novel applications that can gain profit from the benefits of squalene as an additive or supplement are expanding, resulting in its increasing demand. Ever since its discovery, the primary source has been the deep-sea shark liver, although recent declines in their populations and justified animal conservation and protection regulations have encouraged researchers to identify a novel route for squalene biosynthesis. This renewed scientific interest has profited from immense developments in synthetic biology, which now allows fine-tuning of a wider range of plants, fungi, and microorganisms for improved squalene production. There are numerous naturally squalene producing species and strains; although they generally do not make commercially viable yields as primary shark liver sources can deliver. The recent advances made toward improving squalene output from natural and engineered species have inspired this review. Accordingly, it will cover in-depth knowledge offered by the studies of the natural sources, and various engineering-based strategies that have been used to drive the improvements in the pathways toward large-scale production. The wide uses of squalene are also discussed, including the notable developments in anti-cancer applications and in augmenting influenza vaccines for greater efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisarg Gohil
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Gargi Bhattacharjee
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Khushal Khambhati
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Darren Braddick
- Department of R&D, Cementic S. A. S., Genopole, Paris, France
| | - Vijai Singh
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, India
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13
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Suriyakalaa U, Ramachandran R, Usha K, Sankarganesh D, Praveenkumar D, Abinaya S, Tirupathi Pichiah PB, Kamalakkannan S, Achiraman S. Squalene is a potential endocrine modulator in rat: A proof-of-principle study with 3-methylcholanthrene-induced toxicity. Andrologia 2018; 50:e13117. [PMID: 30084500 DOI: 10.1111/and.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oestrus urine was proved as a potential endocrine modulator in alleviating the toxicity induced by 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) in male rats. We, in this study, aimed to prove the attributing potential of toxicity alleviation to squalene, an oestrus-specific pheromone in rats. A single dose of 3-methylcholanthrene (25 mg/kg BW, i.p.) was administered to male Wistar rats with concurrent exposure to squalene sprayed in bedding material (Group III). Group II rats did receive 3-MC treatment but did not expose to squalene. Group I rats were intact control neither administered 3-MC nor sprayed with squalene. In consequence of 3-MC toxicity, liver and testes weights were increased and the components of blood cells (RBC and WBC count, Hb level) and testosterone concentration were significantly reduced in Group II rats. Moreover, sperm count was reduced and antioxidants (testes and epididymis) were significantly altered. Exposure to squalene in Group III rats comparatively normalised all the variable components towards baseline and reorganised the histological architecture of reproductive tissues that were exacerbated with 3-MC toxicity. This study ultimately proved squalene as a potent molecule in alleviating the toxicity induced by 3-methylcholanthrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udhayaraj Suriyakalaa
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India.,Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rajamanickam Ramachandran
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India.,Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Karuppiah Usha
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Devaraj Sankarganesh
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research & Education, Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Dharmaraj Praveenkumar
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Subramanian Abinaya
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | | | - Shanmugam Achiraman
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
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Dorado Achicanoy D, Hurtado Benavides A, Martínez-Correa HA. Study of supercritical CO 2 extraction of tamarillo (Cyphomandra Betacea) seed oil containing high added value compounds. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1917-1925. [PMID: 29660149 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the present investigation, the extraction of tamarillo seed oil was conducted using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), under different conditions of pressure (20-38.1 MPa) and temperature (40-64°C). In order to determine the effect that these extraction parameters have over the yield and composition of the oil, a central composite design was used. The optimum yield was 21.07% obtained at 38.1 MPa and 64°C. The fatty acids of the tamarillo seed oil obtained with SC-CO2 were identified: linoleic (70.12%), oleic (16.18%), palmitic (9.68%), stearic (2.12%), linolenic (1.70%), and palmitoleic (0.23%). Other components, such as squalene (2.96-19.75 mg/mL), β-sitosterol (2.05-3.68 mg/mL), cycloartenol (1,23-2.81 mg/mL) dihydrolanosterol (0.28-0.70 mg/mL) sterols and γ-tocopherol (0.89-2.10 mg/mL) were also noted. The extraction kinetic was studied at 27.5 MPa -50°C and 38.1 MPa -64°C. The semi-empirical model of Sovová et al. [24] described 99.21% of the experimental behavior of extraction kinetics. High yields of tamarillo seed oil, as well as its unique composition of unsaturated fatty acids and minor components, show the potential for its application in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Dorado Achicanoy
- Emerging Technologies in Agroindustry Research Group (TEA), Agroindustrial Engineering Faculty, Universidad de Nariño, Pasto, Colombia
| | - Andrés Hurtado Benavides
- Emerging Technologies in Agroindustry Research Group (TEA), Agroindustrial Engineering Faculty, Universidad de Nariño, Pasto, Colombia
| | - Hugo A Martínez-Correa
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia-sede Palmira-Departamento de Ingeniería-Palmira-Colombia
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15
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Pal B, Das B. In vitro Culture of Naïve Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Stemness Based Approach. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:69. [PMID: 28884113 PMCID: PMC5572382 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) resides in their niches in close proximity to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). These naïve MSCs have tremendous potential in regenerative therapeutics, and may also be exploited by cancer and infectious disease agents. Hence, it is important to study the physiological and pathological roles of naïve MSC. However, our knowledge of naïve MSCs is limited by lack of appropriate isolation and in vitro culture methods. Established culture methods use serum rich media, and serial passaging for retrospective isolation of MSCs. These primed MSCs may not reflect the true physiological and pathological roles of naive MSCs (Figure 1). Therefore, there is a strong need for direct isolation and in vitro culture of naïve MSCs to study their stemness (self-renewal and undifferentiated state) and developmental ontogeny. We have taken a niche-based approach on stemness to better maintain naïve MSCs in vitro. In this approach, stemness is broadly divided as niche dependent (extrinsic), niche independent (intrinsic) and niche modulatory (altruistic or competitive). Using this approach, we were able to maintain naïve CD271+/CD133+ BM-MSCs for 2 weeks. Furthermore, this in vitro culture system helped us to identify naïve MSCs as a protective niche site for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative organism of pulmonary tuberculosis. In this review, we discuss the in vitro culture of primed vs. naïve human BM derived MSCs with a special focus on how a stemness based approach could facilitate the study of naïve BM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Pal
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth InstituteCambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Guwahati Biotech Park, Indian Institute of TechnologyGuwahati, India
| | - Bikul Das
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth InstituteCambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Guwahati Biotech Park, Indian Institute of TechnologyGuwahati, India
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16
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Conte R, Marturano V, Peluso G, Calarco A, Cerruti P. Recent Advances in Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of Anti-Inflammatory Phytocompounds. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E709. [PMID: 28350317 PMCID: PMC5412295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytocompounds have been used in medicine for decades owing to their potential in anti-inflammatory applications. However, major difficulties in achieving sustained delivery of phyto-based drugs are related to their low solubility and cell penetration, and high instability. To overcome these disadvantages, nanosized delivery technologies are currently in use for sustained and enhanced delivery of phyto-derived bioactive compounds in the pharmaceutical sector. This review focuses on the recent advances in nanocarrier-mediated drug delivery of bioactive molecules of plant origin in the field of anti-inflammatory research. In particular, special attention is paid to the relationship between structure and properties of the nanocarrier and phytodrug release behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Conte
- Institute of Agro-Environmental and Forest Biology (IBAF-CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Valentina Marturano
- Institute for Polymers, Composites, and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy.
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cynthia 4, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Gianfranco Peluso
- Institute of Agro-Environmental and Forest Biology (IBAF-CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Anna Calarco
- Institute of Agro-Environmental and Forest Biology (IBAF-CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Pierfrancesco Cerruti
- Institute for Polymers, Composites, and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy.
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Zenitani M, Nojiri T, Kimura T, Hosoda H, Miura K, Hino J, Nakahata K, Uehara S, Miyazato M, Oue T, Okuyama H, Kangawa K. Myeloprotective effects of C-type natriuretic peptide on cisplatin-induced bone marrow granulocytopenia in mice. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2017; 79:363-368. [PMID: 28101584 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-3221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic agent used to treat a variety of malignant tumors. The major toxicity associated with cisplatin treatment is granulocytopenia. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), a member of the natriuretic peptide family, protects against toxicity in many organs, including the heart, blood vessels, lung, and kidney. The objective of this study was to investigate the myeloprotective effects of CNP in a mouse model of cisplatin-induced granulocytopenia. METHODS The mice were divided into two groups: cisplatin with vehicle and cisplatin with CNP. CNP (2.5 μg/kg/min via osmotic pump, subcutaneously) or vehicle administration was started two day before cisplatin injection, and continued until the mice were killed. At 0, 2, 4, 8, and 14 days after cisplatin injection (16 mg/kg, intraperitoneally as a single dose), we counted total and living cells and granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM) in bone marrow. In addition, at 0, 1, 2, and 4 days after cisplatin injection, we measured mRNA levels of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and chemokine CXC ligand 12 (CXCL12) in bone marrow. RESULTS CNP significantly attenuated the reduction in bone marrow nucleated cell count and CFU-GM in bone marrow at 4 days after cisplatin injection. Four days after cisplatin injection, CNP significantly decreased the CXCR4 mRNA level in bone marrow, but had no effect on the level of CXCL12 mRNA. CONCLUSIONS CNP exerts myeloprotective effects in cisplatin-induced granulocytopenia and decreases CXCR4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Zenitani
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1, Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nojiri
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1, Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
| | - Toru Kimura
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1, Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hosoda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Miura
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1, Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan
| | - Jun Hino
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1, Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan
| | - Kengo Nakahata
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Uehara
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikiya Miyazato
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1, Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan
| | - Takaharu Oue
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroomi Okuyama
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Kangawa
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1, Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan
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Amini N, Abdul Majid FA, Marvibaigi M, Supriyanto E, Jaganathan SK, Tet Soon W, Nasiri R, Hamzehalipour J. Cervicare™ induces apoptosis in HeLa and CaSki cells through ROS production and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25654b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the ethanol and aqueous extracts of Cervicare™, a poly-herbal preparation comprised of the combination of 6 plants, on cell proliferation and apoptosis using cervical cancer HeLa and CaSki cells was investigated for the first time in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Amini
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - Fadzilah Adibah Abdul Majid
- Dept. of Bioprocess Engineering
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Malaysia
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology
| | - Mohsen Marvibaigi
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - Eko Supriyanto
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | | | - Wong Tet Soon
- Dept. of Bioprocess Engineering
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - Rozita Nasiri
- Dept. of Bioprocess Engineering
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - Javad Hamzehalipour
- Dept. of Bioprocess Engineering
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Malaysia
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19
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Badea G, Lacatusu I, Ott C, Badea N, Grafu I, Meghea A. Integrative approach in prevention and therapy of basal cellular carcinoma by association of three actives loaded into lipid nanocarriers. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 147:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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20
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Methods for obtaining and determination of squalene from natural sources. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:367202. [PMID: 25695064 PMCID: PMC4324104 DOI: 10.1155/2015/367202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Squalene is a natural dehydrotriterpenic hydrocarbon (C30H50) with six double bonds, known as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of phytosterol or cholesterol in plants or animals. We have briefly reviewed the natural sources for squalene and focused on the main methods and techniques to obtain and to determine it. Some of its applications in different fields of human activity are also mentioned.
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21
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Das B, Kashino SS, Pulu I, Kalita D, Swami V, Yeger H, Felsher DW, Campos-Neto A. CD271(+) bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells may provide a niche for dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sci Transl Med 2013; 5:170ra13. [PMID: 23363977 PMCID: PMC3616630 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) can persist in hostile intracellular microenvironments evading immune cells and drug treatment. However, the protective cellular niches where Mtb persists remain unclear. We report that Mtb may maintain long-term intracellular viability in a human bone marrow (BM)-derived CD271(+)/CD45(-) mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) population in vitro. We also report that Mtb resides in an equivalent population of BM-MSCs in a mouse model of dormant tuberculosis infection. Viable Mtb was detected in CD271(+)/CD45(-) BM-MSCs isolated from individuals who had successfully completed months of anti-Mtb drug treatment. These results suggest that CD271(+) BM-MSCs may provide a long-term protective intracellular niche in the host in which dormant Mtb can reside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikul Das
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Suely S. Kashino
- Global Infectious Disease Research Center, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ista Pulu
- Research Institute of World’s Ancient Traditions, Cultures and Heritages (RIWATCH), Roing, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Deepjyoti Kalita
- KaviKrishna Laboratory, Guwahati Biotech Park, Technology Complex, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
- Department of Microbiology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, India
| | - Vijay Swami
- Research Institute of World’s Ancient Traditions, Cultures and Heritages (RIWATCH), Roing, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Herman Yeger
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dean W. Felsher
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Antonio Campos-Neto
- Global Infectious Disease Research Center, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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22
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Duong HTT, Kamarudin ZM, Erlich RB, Li Y, Jones MW, Kavallaris M, Boyer C, Davis TP. Intracellular nitric oxide delivery from stable NO-polymeric nanoparticle carriers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:4190-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc37181b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Aloui ME, Mguis K, Laamouri A, Albouchi A, Cerny M, Mathieu C, Vilarem G, Hasnaoui B. Fatty acid and sterol oil composition of four Tunisian ecotypes ofZiziphus zizyphus(L.) H.Karst. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2012.671633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Georgiou KR, Scherer MA, King TJ, Foster BK, Xian CJ. Deregulation of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in methotrexate chemotherapy-induced damage and recovery of the bone marrow microenvironment. Int J Exp Pathol 2012; 93:104-14. [PMID: 22220905 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2011.00800.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy disrupts the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment affecting steady-state proliferation, differentiation and maintenance of haematopoietic (HSC) and stromal stem and progenitor cells; yet the underlying mechanisms and recovery potential of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression and bone loss remain unclear. While the CXCL12/CXCR4 chemotactic axis has been demonstrated to be critical in maintaining interactions between cells of the two lineages and progenitor cell homing to regions of need upon injury, whether it is involved in chemotherapy-induced BM damage and repair is not clear. Here, a rat model of chemotherapy treatment with the commonly used antimetabolite methotrexate (MTX) (five once-daily injections at 0.75 mg/kg/day) was used to investigate potential roles of CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in damage and recovery of the BM cell pool. Methotrexate treatment reduced marrow cellularity, which was accompanied by altered CXCL12 protein levels (increased in blood plasma but decreased in BM) and reduced CXCR4 mRNA expression in BM HSC cells. Accompanying the lower marrow CXCL12 protein levels (despite its increased mRNA expression in stromal cells) was increased gene and protein levels of metalloproteinase MMP-9 in bone and BM. Furthermore, recombinant MMP-9 was able to degrade CXCL12 in vitro. These findings suggest that MTX chemotherapy transiently alters BM cellularity and composition and that the reduced cellularity may be associated with increased MMP-9 expression and deregulated CXCL12/CXCR4 chemotactic signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen R Georgiou
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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25
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Kim SK, Karadeniz F. Biological importance and applications of squalene and squalane. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2012; 65:223-33. [PMID: 22361190 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416003-3.00014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Squalene is a polyunsaturated hydrocarbon with a formula of C₃₀H₅₀. Squalene can be found in certain fish oils, especially shark liver oil, in high amounts and some vegetable oils in relatively smaller amounts. Human sebum also contains 13% squalene as one of its major constituents. Squalane is a saturated derivative of squalene and also found in these sources. Interest in squalene has been raised after its characterization in shark liver oil which is used as a traditional medicine for decades. Several studies exhibited results that prove certain bioactivities for squalene and squalane. Up to date, anticancer, antioxidant, drug carrier, detoxifier, skin hydrating, and emollient activities of these substances have been reported both in animal models and in vitro environments. According to promising results from recent studies, squalene and squalane are considered important substances in practical and clinical uses with a huge potential in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Kwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Spanova M, Daum G. Squalene - biochemistry, molecular biology, process biotechnology, and applications. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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27
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Bai X, Chen Y, Chen W, Lei H, Shi G. Volatile constituents, inorganic elements and primary screening of bioactivity of black coral cigarette holders. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:863-878. [PMID: 21673895 PMCID: PMC3111188 DOI: 10.3390/md9050863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Black corals (BC) have been used for a long time in Chinese medicine, and may have some pharmaceutical functions when used as material for cigarette holders in southeast China. This study is aimed to investigate the bioactivities of volatile constituents in BC and to explore the folklore behind the use of BC cigarette holders (BCCHs). We extracted the volatile constituents of BC by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with carbon dioxide (CO₂-SFE), then identified and analyzed the constituents by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In total, 15 components were reliably identified in BC and found to be biologically active. These included triethyl phosphate, butylated hydroxytoluene, cedrol, n-hexadecanoic acid, squalene, and cholesterol. Meanwhile 13 inorganic elements (P, Ca, Mg, S, B, Si, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ba, etc.) were determined by inductively coupled plasma spectrometer (ICPS). In the bioactivity tests, the BC extract (BCE) showed a scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals and hydroxyl radicals by phenanthroline-Fe (II) oxidation and moderate inhibition of Gram-positive microorganisms. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of BC, which are related to the active chemical composition, may explain the perceived benefit for cigarette smokers who use BCCHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; E-Mails: (X.B.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yicun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; E-Mails: (X.B.); (Y.C.)
| | - Weizhou Chen
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; E-Mail:
| | - Huaping Lei
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; E-Mail:
| | - Ganggang Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; E-Mails: (X.B.); (Y.C.)
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28
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Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Amaranthus caudatus germplasm: Characteristics of plants, grain and flours. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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29
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Virgin olive oil minor components as natural drugs for the treatment of breast cancer: preliminary experiments on squalene. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12349-010-0019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Characterization of Fatty Oil of Zizyphi spinosi semen Obtained by Supercritical Fluid Extraction. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-010-1700-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Squalene protects against oxidative DNA damage in MCF10A human mammary epithelial cells but not in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:1092-100. [PMID: 20138105 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 01/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Until now, very little has been known about the antioxidant capacity of squalene and its effect on human breast tumourigenesis. In the present work, we investigated squalene's scavenging properties and its effect on cell proliferation, cell cycle profile, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and oxidative DNA damage, using human breast cell lines. Our results showed that squalene neither possesses scavenging activity nor significantly alters cell proliferation rates, the cell cycle profile or cell apoptosis in human mammary epithelial cells (MCF10A), minimally invasive (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells, and highly invasive (MCF7) breast cancer cells. However, we found that squalene did exert the following effects on MCF10A epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner: (a) it decreased intracellular ROS level, (b) it prevented H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative injury, and (c) it protected against oxidative DNA damage. Interestingly, squalene did not exert these effects on MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. Therefore, our data suggest that squalene, found in high amounts in virgin olive oils, could be partially responsible for the lower incidence of breast cancer in populations that consume the Mediterranean diet due to its protective activity against oxidative DNA damage in normal mammary cells.
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Reddy LH, Couvreur P. Squalene: A natural triterpene for use in disease management and therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009; 61:1412-26. [PMID: 19804806 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2009] [Revised: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Squalene is a natural lipid belonging to the terpenoid family and a precursor of cholesterol biosynthesis. It is synthesized in humans and also in a wide array of organisms and substances, from sharks to olives and even bran, among others. Because of its significant dietary benefits, biocompatibility, inertness, and other advantageous properties, squalene is extensively used as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulations for disease management and therapy. In addition, squalene acts as a protective agent and has been shown to decrease chemotherapy-induced side-effects. Moreover, squalene alone exhibits chemopreventive activity. Although it is a weak inhibitor of tumor cell proliferation, it contributes either directly or indirectly to the treatment of cancer due to its potentiation effect. In addition, squalene enhances the immune response to various associated antigens, and it is therefore being investigated for vaccine delivery applications. Since this triterpene is well absorbed orally, it has been used to improve the oral delivery of therapeutic molecules. All of these qualities have rendered squalene a potentially interesting excipient for pharmaceutical applications, especially for the delivery of vaccines, drugs, genes, and other biological substances. This paper is the first review of its kind and offers greater insight into squalene's direct or indirect contribution to disease management and therapy.
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Altun ZS, Güneş D, Aktaş S, Erbayraktar Z, Erbayrktar Z, Olgun N. Protective effects of acetyl-L-carnitine on cisplatin cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in neuroblastoma. Neurochem Res 2009; 35:437-43. [PMID: 19851866 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-009-0076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The most widely used platinum-derived drug is cisplatin in neuroblastoma (NB) chemotherapy, which is severely neurotoxic. Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALC) is a natural occurring compound with a neuroprotective activity in several experimental paradigms. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of ALC on cisplatin induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in NB cells. SH-SY5Y (N-Myc negative) and KELLY (N-Myc positive) human NB cell lines were used. Cisplatin induced apoptosis was assessed by using a Cell Death Detection ELISA(PLUS) kit. Lipid peroxidation levels were determined by HPLC analysis. Glutathione levels were determined spectrophotometrically. ALC was used prophylactic or after cisplatin application. The level of cisplatin doses were determined in both type of NB cells at which 50% cell death occurred along with synchronized apoptosis induced. Prophylactic 10 and 50 micromol of ALC concentrations were decreased cisplatin induced lipid peroxidation compared to controls that normally exhibited apoptosis especially in SH-SY5Y cells. Cisplatin caused oxidative stress through decreasing glutathione levels in both cell types. ALC were effectively inhibited the increase in cisplatin induced oxidized glutathione and lipid peroxidation formation in NB cells. We suggested that prophylactic ALC would be a useful agent for cisplatin induced toxicity in NB cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekiye Sultan Altun
- Department of Basic Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.
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Squalene selectively protects mouse bone marrow progenitors against cisplatin and carboplatin-induced cytotoxicity in vivo without protecting tumor growth. Neoplasia 2008; 10:1105-19. [PMID: 18813359 DOI: 10.1593/neo.08466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Revised: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 07/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Squalene, an isoprenoid antioxidant is a potential cytoprotective agent against chemotherapy-induced toxicity. We have previously published that squalene protects light-density bone marrow cells against cis-diamminedichloroplatinum( II) (cisplatin)-induced toxicity without protecting tumor cells in vitro. Here, we developed an in vivo mouse model of cisplatin and cis-diammine (cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylato) platinum(II) (carboplatin)-induced toxicity to further investigate squalene-mediated LD-BM cytoprotection including the molecular mechanism behind selective cytoprotection. We found that squalene significantly reduced the body weight loss of cisplatin and carboplatin-treated mice. Light-density bone marrow cells from squalene-treated mice exhibited improved formation of hematopoietic colonies (colony-forming unit-granulocyte macrophage). Furthermore, squalene also protected mesenchymal stem cell colonies (colony-forming unit-fibroblast) from cisplatin and carboplatin-induced toxicity. Squalene-induced protection was associated with decreased reactive oxygen species and increased levels of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase/glutathione-S-transferase. Importantly, squalene did not protect neuroblastoma, small cell carcinoma, or medulloblastoma xenografts against cisplatin-induced toxicity. These results suggest that squalene is a potential candidate for future development as a cytoprotective agent against chemotherapeutic toxicity.
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Tikekar RV, Ludescher RD, Karwe MV. Processing stability of squalene in amaranth and antioxidant potential of amaranth extract. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:10675-10678. [PMID: 18950184 DOI: 10.1021/jf801729m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The processing stability of squalene in amaranth and the antioxidant capacity of the oil-rich fraction of amaranth were studied. The processes investigated were continuous puffing and roasting. Puffing was carried out using a single screw extruder, while roasting was carried out in a convection oven. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to quantify squalene content before and after processing. The L-ORAC method was used to study the antioxidant activity of pure squalene and lipophilic amaranth extract containing squalene. It was found that squalene was stable during all of the processing operations with a maximum loss of 12% during roasting (150 degrees C, 20 min) and no loss during puffing. The L-ORAC test showed pure squalene to be a weak antioxidant, whereas the lipophilic extract of amaranth showed higher antioxidant activity as compared to pure squalene at the same concentration, suggesting that tocotrienols and other minor ingredients also played a role as antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan V Tikekar
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
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Cisplatin treatment increases survival and expansion of a highly tumorigenic side-population fraction by upregulating VEGF/Flt1 autocrine signaling. Oncogene 2008; 27:3923-34. [PMID: 18332870 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The cellular and molecular mechanisms of tumor progression following chemotherapy are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that cisplatin (CDDP) treatment upregulates VEGF and Flt1 expression leading to the survival and expansion of a highly tumorigenic fraction of side-population (SP) cells in osteosarcoma (HOS), neuroblastoma (SK-N-BE2) and rhabdomyosarcoma (RH-4) cell lines. In all three lines, we show that CDDP treatment increases levels of VEGF and Flt1 expression, and induces enhanced clonogenic capacity and increased expression of the 'stemness'-associated genes Nanog, Bmi-1 and Oct-4 in the SP fraction. In HOS, these changes are associated with the transformation of a non-tumorigenic osteosarcoma SP fraction to a highly tumorigenic phenotype. Inhibition of Flt1 led to complete reduction of tumorigenicity in the HOS SP fraction, and reduction of clonogenic capacity and expression of stemness genes in the SK-N-BE(2) and RH-4 SP fractions. Treatment with U0126, a specific inhibitor of MAPK/ERK1,2 completely downregulates CDDP-induced VEGF and Flt1 expression and induction/expansion of SP fraction in all three cell lines, indicating that these effects are mediated through MAPK/ERK1,2 signaling. In conclusion, we report a novel mechanism of CDDP-induced tumor progression, whereby the activation of VEGF/Flt1 autocrine signaling leads to the survival and expansion of a highly tumorigenic SP fraction.
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Escrich E, Ramírez-Tortosa MC, Sánchez-Rovira P, Colomer R, Solanas M, Gaforio JJ. Olive Oil in Cancer Prevention and Progression. Nutr Rev 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2006.tb00262.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Samane S, Noël J, Charrouf Z, Amarouch H, Haddad PS. Insulin-sensitizing and anti-proliferative effects of Argania spinosa seed extracts. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2006; 3:317-27. [PMID: 16951716 PMCID: PMC1513146 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nel015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2005] [Accepted: 03/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Argania spinosa is an evergreen tree endemic of southwestern Morocco. Many preparations have been used in traditional Moroccan medicine for centuries to treat several illnesses including diabetes. However, scientific evidence supporting these actions is lacking. Therefore, we prepared various extracts of the argan fruit, namely keel, cake and argan oil extracts, which we tested in the HTC hepatoma cell line for their potential to affect cellular insulin responses. Cell viability was measured by Trypan Blue exclusion and the response to insulin evaluated by the activation of the extracellular regulated kinase (ERK1/2), ERK kinase (MEK1/2) and protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) signaling components. None of the extracts demonstrated significant cytotoxic activity. Certain extracts demonstrated a bi-phasic effect on ERK1/2 activation; low doses of the extract slightly increased ERK1/2 activation in response to insulin, whereas higher doses completely abolished the response. In contrast, none of the extracts had any significant effect on MEK whereas only a cake saponin subfraction enhanced insulin-induced PKB/Akt activation. The specific action of argan oil extracts on ERK1/2 activation made us consider an anti-proliferative action. We have thus tested other transformed cell lines (HT-1080 and MSV-MDCK-INV cells) and found similar results. Inhibition of ERK1/2 activation was also associated with decreased DNA synthesis as evidenced by [3H]thymidine incorporation experiments. These results suggest that the products of Argania spinosa may provide a new therapeutic avenue against proliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Samane
- Groupe d’e´tude des prote´ines membranaires, Universite´ deMontre´ al, Montre´ al, Canada
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Das B, Yeger H, Tsuchida R, Torkin R, Gee MFW, Thorner PS, Shibuya M, Malkin D, Baruchel S. A hypoxia-driven vascular endothelial growth factor/Flt1 autocrine loop interacts with hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha through mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway in neuroblastoma. Cancer Res 2005; 65:7267-75. [PMID: 16103078 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-4575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Flt1, an "fms-like tyrosine kinase" receptor, has been suggested to play an active role in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated autocrine signaling of tumor growth and angiogenesis. Here, we used a neuroblastoma model to investigate the role of VEGF/Flt1 signaling in hypoxia-mediated tumor cell survival, drug resistance, and in vivo angiogenesis. SK-N-BE2, a highly malignant neuroblastoma cell line resistant to hypoxia-induced apoptosis expresses active Flt1 but lacks VEGFR2 expression. We found that 24-hour hypoxia (<0.1% O2) alone (no serum deprivation) showed sustained activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) associated with bcl-2 up-regulation and resistance to etoposide-induced (5 mumol/L) apoptosis. Treatment with anti-VEGF and anti-Flt1 antibodies inhibited ERK1/2 activation, down-regulated bcl-2, and reversed the hypoxia-mediated drug resistance to etoposide. Similar results were obtained with U0126 and ursolic acid, specific and nonspecific inhibitors of ERK1/2, respectively. We confirmed the protective role of Flt1 receptor by small interfering RNA knockout and Flt1 overexpression studies. Subsequently, we found that inhibition of VEGF/Flt1 autocrine signaling led to reduced hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) phosphorylation. Furthermore, the reduced phosphorylation was associated with down-regulation of basic fibroblast growth factor, a downstream target of the HIF-1alpha and VEGF pathways. Our findings suggested an expanded autocrine loop between VEGF/Flt1 signaling and HIF-1alpha. We investigated the angiogenic activity of the loop in an in vivo Matrigel plug assay. The hypoxia-treated conditioned medium induced a strong angiogenic response, as well as the cooption of surrounding vessels into the plugs; ursolic acid inhibited the angiogenesis process. We also found that three other Flt1-expressing neuroblastoma cell lines show hypoxia-mediated drug resistance to etoposide, melphalan, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide. Taken together, we conclude that a hypoxia-driven VEGF/Flt1 autocrine loop interacts with HIF-1alpha through a mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK1/2 pathway in neuroblastoma. The interaction, in the form of an autocrine loop, is required for the hypoxia-driven cell survival, drug resistance, and angiogenesis in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikul Das
- New Agent and Innovative Therapy Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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He Y, Das B, Baruchel S, Kumar P, Wiebe L, Reilly RM. Meta-[123I]iodobenzylguanidine is selectively radiotoxic to neuroblastoma cells at concentrations that spare cells of haematopoietic lineage. Nucl Med Commun 2004; 25:1125-30. [PMID: 15577592 DOI: 10.1097/00006231-200411000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Auger electron-emitting agents meta-[125I]iodobenzylguanidine (125I-MIBG) and 123I-MIBG have been proposed as alternatives to 131I-MIBG for the treatment of neuroblastoma, due to the absence of a cross-fire effect which may minimize bone marrow toxicity. However, the differential toxicity of 123I-MIBG towards neuroblastoma cells and cells of haematopoietic lineage has not been studied. OBJECTIVE To compare the toxic effects of 123I-MIBG on SK-N-SH and SK-N-BE(2) neuroblastoma cells and on cells of haematopoietic lineage, specifically HL-60 human myeloid leukemia cells and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) from human adult donors. METHODS The antiproliferative effects of exchange-labelled or no carrier added (n.c.a.) 123I-MIBG, unlabelled MIBG or the trimethylsilylbenzylguanidine (MTBG) precursor used to prepare n.c.a. 123I-MIBG against SK-N-SH or SK-N-BE(2) cells or HL-60 cells were evaluated using a cell proliferation assay. The toxicity of 123I-MIBG towards SK-N-SH cells or BMSCs from healthy adult human donors was studied using a clonogenic assay. RESULTS 123I-MIBG was strongly growth inhibitory to SK-N-SH or SK-N-BE(2) cells at concentrations (IC50 185-370 mBq.ml(-1); IC90 740 mBq.ml(-1)) that were sparing to HL-60 cells. Treatment of SK-N-SH cells with 74 mBq of 123I-MIBG decreased colony formation by >90%, whereas colonies from all three populations of stem cells were formed at amounts up to 370 mBq. It was discovered that the MTBG precursor was non-specifically toxic towards both SK-N-SH cells and HL-60 cells, suggesting the need to purify n.c.a. 123I-MIBG for clinical use. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that 123I-MIBG is a promising novel radiotherapeutic agent for neuroblastoma. For the first time, we report that the MTBG precursor used to prepare n.c.a. 123I-MIBG was toxic towards neuroblastoma cells as well as to HL-60 cells, representing cells of the haematopoietic lineage, suggesting the need for purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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