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Nardi A, Dei Bardi L, Davoli M, Agabiti N, Cesaroni G. Differences in mortality between temporary and permanent workers: results from the Rome Longitudinal Study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058594. [PMID: 35641005 PMCID: PMC9157355 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Precarious employment is characterised by instability, lack of protection and economic vulnerability. The objective of this study was to assess the association between temporary contracts and mortality. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Rome, Italy. PARTICIPANTS All employees, aged 25-65 years, from the Rome Longitudinal Study, followed from 21 October 2001 to the first date among death, migration from Rome, or 31 December 2015. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES We investigated all-cause, cardiovascular and accidental mortality. We considered gender, age, place of birth, education, temporary versus permanent contract and sector of employment. We used Cox models to investigate the association between type of contract and total, cardiovascular and accidental mortality in men and women, overall and by employment sector. RESULTS We analysed 597 834 subjects. The proportion of temporary contracts varied by gender (9.6% in men and 13.3% in women) and by employment sector, ranging from 4.5% (public administration) to 27% (recreational, cultural, sports activities) in men. During the study period, 21 136 subjects died. Men with temporary contracts, compared with those with permanent positions, had greater overall mortality risk (HR=1.16, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.24), cardiovascular mortality (HR=1.29, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.45) and accidental mortality (HR=1.27, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.57). In men, the association varied widely among different economic sectors, with greater risks in the industry, building constructions and social services sectors. In women, there was no evidence of association between temporary contracts and mortality. A statistically significant association between temporary contracts and mortality in women was found in the sector of sales and transports only. CONCLUSIONS Temporary work should be considered a determinant of health, particularly for specific economic sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Dei Bardi
- Department of Statistical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology-Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Davoli
- Department of Epidemiology-Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Nera Agabiti
- Department of Epidemiology-Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Cesaroni
- Department of Epidemiology-Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
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Michalek IM, Kinnunen TI, Kjaerheim K, Lynge E, Martinsen JI, Sparen P, Tryggvadottir L, Weiderpass E, Pukkala E. Smoking-adjusted risk of kidney cancer by occupation: a population-based cohort study of Nordic men. Acta Oncol 2020; 59:582-587. [PMID: 32009517 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2020.1714722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Evidence suggests that among some occupational groups, there is an elevated risk of kidney cancer. This might, however, derive from a difference in smoking habits across occupational groups. The objective of this study was to determine smoking-adjusted occupational variation in the incidence of kidney cancer in Nordic males.Material and Methods: The source population for this study consisted of 7.4 million men from Denmark, Iceland, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Data on occupation were obtained from national censuses conducted in the years 1960-1990. Data on cancer cases came from national cancer registries. A proxy for the occupation-specific smoking prevalence among all Nordic men was calculated based on the occupation-specific smoking prevalence and lung cancer incidence data for Finnish men. Smoking-adjusted standardized incidence ratio (SIRadj) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated for each occupational group.Results: The highest SIRadj estimates were observed in dentists (1.32, 95%CI 1.06-1.62), journalists (1.20, 95%CI 1.00-1.42), physicians (1.19, 95%CI 1.03-1.36), public safety workers (1.18, 95%CI 1.10-1.26), administrators (1.17, 95%CI 1.13-1.22), military personnel (1.16, 95%CI 1.05-1.28), and religious workers (1.17, 95%CI 1.09-1.26). The lowest SIRadj was observed among forestry workers (0.82, 95%CI 0.76-0.88).Conclusions: Tobacco smoking plays an important role in the occupational variation in the risk of kidney cancer. The smoking-adjusted incidence of kidney cancer was increased in dentists, physicians, journalists, administrators, and public safety workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irmina Maria Michalek
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Women-Mother-Child Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tarja I Kinnunen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kristina Kjaerheim
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elsebeth Lynge
- Nykøbing Falster Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Ivar Martinsen
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pär Sparen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laufey Tryggvadottir
- Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
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Michalek IM, Kjærheim K, Martinsen JI, Sparén P, Tryggvadóttir L, Weiderpass E, Pukkala E, Lynge E. Smoking-adjusted risk of renal pelvis cancer by occupation: a population-based cohort study of Nordic men. Acta Oncol 2020; 59:112-115. [PMID: 31538825 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2019.1667024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina Kjærheim
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Ivar Martinsen
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pär Sparén
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laufey Tryggvadóttir
- Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elsebeth Lynge
- Nykøbing Falster Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Magrone T, Russo MA, Jirillo E. Impact of Heavy Metals on Host Cells: Special Focus on Nickel-Mediated Pathologies and Novel Interventional Approaches. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 20:1041-1058. [PMID: 31782370 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666191129120253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy metals [arsenic, aluminium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, nickel (Ni), palladium and titanium] are environmental contaminants able to impact with host human cells, thus, leading to severe damage. OBJECTIVE In this review, the detrimental effects of several heavy metals on human organs will be discussed and special emphasis will be placed on Ni. In particular, Ni is able to interact with Toll-like receptor-4 on immune and non-immune cells, thus, triggering the cascade of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Then, inflammatory and allergic reactions mediated by Ni will be illustrated within different organs, even including the central nervous system, airways and the gastrointestinal system. DISCUSSION Different therapeutic strategies have been adopted to mitigate Ni-induced inflammatoryallergic reactions. In this context, the ability of polyphenols to counteract the inflammatory pathway induced by Ni on peripheral blood leukocytes from Ni-sensitized patients will be outlined. In particular, polyphenols are able to decrease serum levels of interleukin (IL)-17, while increasing levels of IL- 10. These data suggest that the equilibrium between T regulatory cells and T helper 17 cells is recovered with IL-10 acting as an anti-inflammatory cytokine. In the same context, polyphenols reduced elevated serum levels of nitric oxide, thus, expressing their anti-oxidant potential. Finally, the carcinogenic potential of heavy metals, even including Ni, will be highlighted. CONCLUSION Heavy metals, particularly Ni, are spread in the environment. Nutritional approaches seem to represent a novel option in the treatment of Ni-induced damage and, among them, polyphenols should be taken into consideration for their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo A Russo
- MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University of Rome and IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Svedahl SR, Hilt B, Svendsen K. Work environment factors and respiratory complaints in Norwegian cooks. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2019; 93:205-212. [PMID: 31531780 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-019-01473-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Norwegian cooks exhibit relatively high mortality, particularly from respiratory diseases. Both occupational hazards and lifestyle factors have been suggested as possible explanations. Negative health effects from exposure to cooking fumes are well documented in non-Western populations, and it has been claimed that cooking fumes in Western style cooking might be substantially different. We hypothesise that exposure to cooking fumes contributes to respiratory diseases also in professional cooks in Western countries. The aim of this study was to elucidate if specific work environment factors related to cooking fume exposure are determinants for respiratory morbidity in Norwegian cooks. METHODS We surveyed specific work environment factors and respiratory complaints in 553 subjects that were currently working as skilled cooks. Inclusion was based on the register of people that had graduated as skilled cooks in central Norway between 1988 and 2008. Determinants for the occurrence of respiratory complaints were explored by logistic regression. RESULTS Overall, 17.2% of subjects reported respiratory complaints at work, while 8.1% had chronic bronchitis. Those who performed frying for over half of their workday exhibited an increased odds ratio for having chronic bronchitis of 2.5 (95% CI 1.2-5.3). Using gas for frying and using a fryer in the kitchen were also related to the occurrence of respiratory complaints. CONCLUSIONS This study in Norwegian cooks demonstrates a relationship between the extent of frying and the occurrence of work-related respiratory complaints. Therefore, reducing exposure to cooking fumes could reduce respiratory complaints in cooks, and potentially help alleviate excess morbidity and mortality in this occupation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindre Rabben Svedahl
- Department of Occupational Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. .,Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Bjørn Hilt
- Department of Occupational Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristin Svendsen
- Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Kjaerheim K, Haldorsen T, Lynge E, Martinsen JI, Pukkala E, Weiderpass E, Grimsrud TK. Variation in Nordic Work-Related Cancer Risks after Adjustment for Alcohol and Tobacco. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E2760. [PMID: 30563223 PMCID: PMC6313809 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Alcohol and tobacco strongly increases the risk of cancers of the tongue, mouth, pharynx, larynx, and oesophagus, and are also established risk factors for cancer of the liver, colon, and rectum. It is well documented that these habits are unequally distributed among occupational groups. Most occupational cohort studies lack information on these potentially important confounders, and may therefore be prone to bias. Aim: The aim of the study is to present Nordic standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for alcohol and tobacco related cancer by occupation, after adjustment for alcohol and tobacco, and to compare to the unadjusted SIRs. Material and Methods: The study is based on the Nordic Occupational Cancer (NOCCA) database. We used confirmatory factor analysis models for simultaneous analysis of the cancer sites related to alcohol and tobacco, to obtain factors that allow for computation of adjusted expected numbers from the reference rates. We then calculated adjusted SIRs for the relevant cancer sites for each occupation. Results: For some occupations and cancers, the changes of risk estimates were striking, from significantly high to significantly low and vice versa. Among Nordic farmers, unadjusted SIRs for cancer of the mouth and oesophagus were 0.56 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51⁻0.61) and 0.67 (CI 0.63⁻0.70), respectively. After adjustment, estimates changed to 1.10 (CI 1.01⁻1.21) and 1.16 (CI 1.10⁻1.22). Unadjusted SIR for pharynx cancer among wood workers was 0.83 (CI 0.75⁻0.91), adjusted SIR was 1.14 (CI 1.03⁻1.25). For larynx cancer, results in the opposite direction were seen: unadjusted SIR for economically inactive was 1.38 (CI 1.31⁻1.46) while the adjusted SIR was 0.91 (CI 0.86⁻0.96). Conclusions: Adjustment for the latent indicators of alcohol and tobacco consumption changed risk estimates for several occupations, gave a less confounded description of risk, and may guide in the identification of true risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tor Haldorsen
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, N-0304 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Elsebeth Lynge
- Nykøbing Falster Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-4800 Nykøbing Falster, Denmark.
| | | | - Eero Pukkala
- Finnish Cancer Registry-Institute for Statistical and epidemiological Cancer Research, Unioninkatu 22, FI-00130 Helsinki, Finland.
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, N-0304 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Tom K Grimsrud
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, N-0304 Oslo, Norway.
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Depczynski J, Dobbins T, Armstrong B, Lower T. Comparison of cancer incidence in Australian farm residents 45 years and over, compared to rural non-farm and urban residents - a data linkage study. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:33. [PMID: 29304761 PMCID: PMC5756349 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3912-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is not known if the incidence of common cancers in Australian farm residents is different to rural non-farm or urban residents. METHODS Data from farm, rural non-farm and urban participants of the 45 and Up Study cohort in New South Wales, Australia, were linked with state cancer registry data for the years 2006-2009. Directly standardised rate ratios for cancer incidence were compared for all-cancer, prostate, breast, colorectal cancer, melanoma and non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). Proportional hazards regression was used to generate incidence hazard ratios for each cancer type adjusted for relevant confounders. RESULTS Farm women had a significantly lower all-cancer hazard ratio than rural non-farm women (1.14, 1.01-1.29). However, the lower all-cancer risk observed in farm men, was not significant when compared to rural non-farm and urban counterparts. The all-cancer adjusted hazard ratio for combined rural non-farm and urban groups compared to farm referents, was significant for men (1.08,1.01-1.17) and women (1.13, 1.04-1.23). Confidence intervals did not exclude unity for differences in risk for prostate, breast, colorectal or lung cancers, NHL or melanoma. Whilst non-significant, farm residents had considerably lower risk of lung cancer than other residents after controlling for smoking and other factors. CONCLUSIONS All-cancer risk was significantly lower in farm residents compared to combined rural non-farm and urban groups. Farm women had a significantly lower all-cancer adjusted hazard ratio than rural non-farm women. These differences appeared to be mainly due to lower lung cancer incidence in farm residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Depczynski
- Australian Centre for Agricultural Health and Safety, The University of Sydney, Moree, Australia
| | - Timothy Dobbins
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bruce Armstrong
- School of Global and Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tony Lower
- Australian Centre for Agricultural Health and Safety, The University of Sydney, Moree, Australia
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Steenland K. Excess deaths due to occupation. Occup Environ Med 2016; 73:497-8. [PMID: 27317432 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2016-103743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Jansson C, Oh JK, Martinsen JI, Lagergren J, Plato N, Kjaerheim K, Pukkala E, Sparén P, Tryggvadottir L, Weiderpass E. Occupation and risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous-cell carcinoma: The Nordic Occupational Cancer Study. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:590-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Jansson
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jin-Kyoung Oh
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Risk Appraisal and Prevention Branch, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center; Goyang Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jesper Lagergren
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Division of Cancer Studies; King's College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Nils Plato
- The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | | | - Eero Pukkala
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research; Helsinki Finland
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
| | - Pär Sparén
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Laufey Tryggvadottir
- Icelandic Cancer Registry; Reykjavik Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland; Reykjavik Iceland
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Cancer Registry of Norway; Oslo Norway
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology; Folkhälsan Research Center; Helsinki Finland
- Department of Community Medicine; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø Norway
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Hu LY, Chen PM, Hu YW, Shen CC, Perng CL, Su TP, Yen SH, Tzeng CH, Chiou TJ, Yeh CM, Chen TJ, Wang WS, Liu CJ. The risk of cancer among patients with sleep disturbance: a nationwide retrospective study in Taiwan. Ann Epidemiol 2013; 23:757-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hogstedt C, Jansson C, Hugosson M, Tinnerberg H, Gustavsson P. Cancer incidence in a cohort of Swedish chimney sweeps, 1958-2006. Am J Public Health 2013; 103:1708-14. [PMID: 23327283 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2012.300860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined cancer incidence in an expanded cohort of Swedish chimney sweeps. METHODS We added male chimney sweep trade union members (1981-2006) to an earlier cohort (employed 1918-1980) and linked them to nationwide registers of cancer, causes of deaths, and total population. The total cohort (n = 6320) was followed from 1958 through 2006. We estimated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) using the male Swedish population as reference. We estimated exposure as years of employment and analyzed for exposure-response associations by Poisson regression. RESULTS A total of 813 primary cancers were observed versus 626 expected (SIR = 1.30; 95% confidence interval = 1.21, 1.39). As in a previous follow-up, SIRs were significantly increased for cancer of the esophagus, liver, lung, bladder, and all hematopoietic cancer. New findings included significantly elevated SIRs for cancer of the colon, pleura, adenocarcinoma of the lung, and at unspecified sites. Total cancer and bladder cancer demonstrated positive exposure-response associations. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to soot and asbestos are likely causes of the observed cancer excesses, with contributions from adverse lifestyle factors. Preventive actions to control work exposures and promote healthier lifestyles are an important priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christer Hogstedt
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Alexopoulos EC, Messolora F, Tanagra D. Comparative mortality ratios of cancer among men in Greece across broad occupational groups. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2011; 84:943-9. [PMID: 21331610 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-011-0622-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to compare site-specific cancer death rates in male workforce across major occupational groups in Greece. METHODS Data on cancer mortality in men aged 25-69 years during the period 2000-2005 were obtained from National Statistical Service of Greece. Age- and site (ICD-10)-specific cancer death rates and the ratio of standardized cancer death rates (i.e. the comparative mortality ratio and 95% confidence interval) across seven major occupational groups (ISCO-88) were calculated. RESULTS The proportion of total deaths due to cancer was ranged between 6.6, 24.3, 37.4, and 39.4% for the age groups of 15-39, 40-49, 50-59, and 60-69 years, respectively. Respiratory and gastrointestinal malignancies constituted 70% of the total cancer mortality in our population. Groups of elementary occupations, skilled agricultural workers, and plant workers showed very high mortality ratios of respiratory cancer while low ratios were found for the groups of professionals, legislators, senior officials, and managers and paradoxically for craft and related workers. Compared to the other groups, skilled agricultural and elementary groups showed higher rates of gastrointestinal and other or no determined malignancies in the age groups of 40-49 and 50-59 years old. Plant workers and machine operators/assemblers exhibited high mortality rates for most cancer sites especially in the elders group (60-69 years) and a mortality ratio of genitourinary cancer that differed significantly compared to any other group. CONCLUSIONS Up to 3.5-fold variations were found in site-specific cancer mortality ratios among men in Greece across broad occupational groups. The extent of the variation attributed to specific socioeconomic and/or occupational factors could not be estimated in the current study but the observed differences might stimulate thinking and preventive actions as well as point to potential hypotheses to pursue using research methods in which job and life related factors should be directly measured and controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos C Alexopoulos
- Occupational Health Unit, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Patras University, 26500, Rio Patras, Greece.
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Renehan AG, Soerjomataram I, Martin-Moreno JM, Coebergh JW. Foreword: Implementing cancer prevention in Europe. Eur J Cancer 2011; 46:2523-4. [PMID: 20843481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of risk factors underpinning the aetiology of many common cancers is well established, yet the conversion of this knowledge into prevention lags considerably behind. The title of this Special Issue - Implementing cancer prevention in Europe - captures the central theme within; namely, the translation of cancer epidemiology into public health policy. The Special Issue is supported by focused evidence-based case studies of how these processes might be best taken forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Renehan
- Department of Surgery, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, School of Cancer and Enabling Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
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