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Ragaini BS, Blizzard L, Baade P, Venn A. Keratinocyte carcinomas, area-level socioeconomic status and geographic remoteness in Tasmania: cross-sectional associations and temporal trends. Aust N Z J Public Health 2024; 48:100145. [PMID: 38574429 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article aims to examine cross-sectional associations and assess temporal trends in keratinocyte carcinoma (KC) incidence by area-level socioeconomic status (SES) and geographic remoteness in Tasmania, Australia. METHODS KCs - basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) - registered by the Tasmanian Cancer Registry were assigned to area-level SES and remoteness area. Incidence rate ratios (2014-2018) were estimated using Poisson regression. Average annual percentage changes (2001-2018) were estimated using the Joinpoint Regression Program. RESULTS BCC incidence increased with increasing area-level advantage (p-value for trend <0.001), but no trend was found for SCC. SCC incidence was higher in rural than urban areas (p-value <0.001), and BCC incidence was slightly higher in rural than urban areas for females (p-value = 0.009), but not for males (p-value = 0.373). BCC and SCC incidence increased between 2001 and the mid-2010s, when it peaked across most areas. CONCLUSIONS Associations were found between BCC and higher area-level SES, and between SCC and geographic remoteness. The findings suggest differences in sun exposure behaviours, skin cancer awareness and access to services, or ascertainment bias. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH Efforts to control and deliver KC services in Tasmania should consider targeting populations with specific area-level characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna S Ragaini
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Leigh Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Peter Baade
- Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alison Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
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Ragaini BS, Blizzard L, Baade P, Venn A. Keratinocyte carcinomas, area-level socioeconomic status and geographic remoteness in Tasmania: cross-sectional associations and temporal trends. Aust N Z J Public Health 2023; 47:100067. [PMID: 37348166 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article aims to examine cross-sectional associations and assess temporal trends in keratinocyte carcinoma (KC) incidence by area-level socioeconomic status (SES) and geographic remoteness in Tasmania, Australia. METHODS KCs-basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)-registered by the Tasmanian Cancer Registry were assigned to area-level SES and remoteness area. Incidence rate ratios (2014-2018) were estimated using Poisson regression. Average annual percentage changes (2001-2018) were estimated using the Joinpoint Regression Program. RESULTS BCC incidence increased with increasing area-level advantage (p value for trend <0.001), but no trend was found for SCC. SCC incidence was higher in rural than urban areas (p value <0.001), and BCC incidence was slightly lower in rural than urban areas for males (p value = 0.026), but not for females (p value = 0.381). BCC and SCC incidence increased between 2001 and the mid-2010s, when it peaked across most areas. CONCLUSIONS Associations were found between BCC and higher area-level SES, and between SCC and geographic remoteness. The findings suggest differences in sun exposure behaviours, skin cancer awareness and access to services, or ascertainment bias. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH Efforts to control and deliver KC services in Tasmania should consider targeting populations with specific area-level characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna S Ragaini
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Leigh Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Peter Baade
- Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alison Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
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3
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Ayubi E, Khazaei S. Global socioeconomic inequality in burden of five common cancers in 2019: concentration index and decomposition analysis. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-023-01889-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
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4
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Breast cancer mortality of older patients with and without recurrence analysed by novel multi-state models. Eur J Cancer 2022; 174:212-220. [PMID: 36058128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In older patients with breast cancer, the risk of dying from other causes than breast cancer strongly increases after the age of 70. The aim of this study was to assess contributions of breast cancer mortality versus other-cause mortality after locoregional or distant recurrence in a population-based cohort of older patients analysed by multi-state models. METHODS Surgically treated patients ≥70 years diagnosed with stage I-III breast cancer in 2003-2009 were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. A novel multi-state model with locoregional and distant recurrence that incorporates relative survival was fitted. Other-cause and breast cancer mortality were indicated as population and excess mortality. RESULTS Overall, 18,419 patients were included. Ten-year cumulative incidences of locoregional and distant recurrence were 2.8% (95%CI 2.6-3.1%) and 12.5% (95%CI 11.9-13.1%). Other-cause mortality increased from 23.9% (95%CI 23.7-24.2%) in patients 70-74 years to 73.8% (95%CI 72.2-75.4%) in those ≥80 years. Ten-year probabilities of locoregional or distant recurrence with subsequent breast cancer death were 0.4-1.3% and 10.2-14.6%, respectively. For patients with a distant recurrence in the first two years after diagnosis, breast cancer death probabilities were 95.3% (95%CI 94.2-96.4%), 93.1% (95%CI 91.6-94.6%), and 88.6% (95%CI 86.5-90.8%) in patients 70-74, 75-79, and ≥80 years. CONCLUSION In older patients without recurrence, prognosis is driven by other-cause mortality. Although locoregional recurrence is a predictor for worse outcome, given its low incidence it contributes little to breast cancer mortality after diagnosis. For patients who develop a distant recurrence, breast cancer remains the dominant cause of death, even at old age.
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Salampessy BH, Ikkersheim D, Portrait FRM, Koolman X. Do patients' preferences prevail in hospital selection?: a comparison between discrete choice experiments and revealed hospital choice. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1136. [PMID: 36076226 PMCID: PMC9461248 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In patient choice, patients are expected to select the provider that best fits their preferences. In this study, we assess to what extent the hospital choice of patients in practice corresponds with their preferred choice. Methods Dutch patients with breast cancer (n = 631) and cataract (n = 1109) were recruited. We employed a discrete choice experiment (DCE) per condition to measure stated preferences and predict the distribution of patients across four hospitals. Each DCE included five attributes: patient experiences, a clinical outcome indicator, waiting time, travel distance and whether the hospital had been recommended (e.g., by the General Practitioner (GP)). Revealed choices were derived from claims data. Results Hospital quality was valued as most important in the DCE; the largest marginal rates of substitution (willingness to wait) were observed for the clinical outcome indicator (breast cancer: 38.6 days (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 32.9–44.2); cataract: 210.5 days (95%CI: 140.8–280.2)). In practice, it was of lesser importance. In revealed choices, travel distance became the most important attribute; it accounted for 85.5% (breast cancer) and 95.5% (cataract) of the log-likelihood. The predicted distribution of patients differed from that observed in practice in terms of absolute value and, for breast cancer, also in relative order. Similar results were observed in population weighted analyses. Discussion Study findings show that patients highly valued quality information in the choice for a hospital. However, in practice these preferences did not prevail. Our findings suggest that GPs played a major role and that patients mostly ended up selecting the nearest hospital. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-08403-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Salampessy
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - David Ikkersheim
- KPMG, Laan van Langerhuize 1, 1186 DS, Amstelveen, The Netherlands
| | - France R M Portrait
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xander Koolman
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Incidence trends for twelve cancers in younger adults-a rapid review. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:1374-1386. [PMID: 35132237 PMCID: PMC9090760 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cancer referral guidelines use patient’s age as a key criterium to decide who should be referred urgently. A recent rise in the incidence of colorectal cancer in younger adults has been described in high-income countries worldwide. Information on other cancers is more limited. The aim of this rapid review was to determine whether other cancers are also increasing in younger age groups, as this may have important implications for prioritising patients for investigation and referral. We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science for studies describing age-related incidence trends for colorectal, bladder, lung, oesophagus, pancreas, stomach, breast, ovarian, uterine, kidney and laryngeal cancer and myeloma. ‘Younger’ patients were defined based on NICE guidelines for cancer referral. Ninety-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings show that the incidence of colorectal, breast, kidney, pancreas, uterine cancer is increasing in younger age groups, whilst the incidence of lung, laryngeal and bladder cancer is decreasing. Data for oesophageal, stomach, ovarian cancer and myeloma were inconclusive. Overall, this review provides evidence that some cancers are increasingly being diagnosed in younger age groups, although the mechanisms remain unclear. Cancer investigation and referral guidelines may need updating in light of these trends.
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Dackus GMHE, Jóźwiak K, van der Wall E, van Diest PJ, Hauptmann M, Siesling S, Sonke GS, Linn SC. Concurrent versus sequential use of trastuzumab and chemotherapy in early HER2+ breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 185:817-830. [PMID: 33113088 PMCID: PMC7921067 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05978-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The addition of trastuzumab to adjuvant chemotherapy has improved the outcome of human epidermal growth-factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer. Uncertainty remains about the optimal timing of trastuzumab treatment. Therefore, we compared long-term outcome after concurrent versus sequential treatment, in a population-based setting, using data from the nationwide Netherlands Cancer Registry. Methods We identified 1843 women diagnosed in The Netherlands from January 1st 2005 until January 1st 2008 with primary, HER2-positive, T1-4NanyM0 breast cancer who received adjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab. Kaplan–Meier survival estimates and Cox regression were used to compare recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) between women who received trastuzumab concurrently with versus sequentially after chemotherapy. Hazard ratios (HR) were adjusted for age, year of diagnosis, grade, pathological T-stage, number of positive lymph nodes, ER-status, PR-status, socio-economic status, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy, ovarian ablation, and type of chemotherapy. Results After a median follow-up of 8.2 years, RFS events had occurred in 224 out of 1235 (18.1%) concurrently treated women and 129 out of 608 (21.2%) sequentially treated women (adjusted-HR 0.91; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67–1.24; P = 0.580). Deaths occurred in 182/1235 (14.7%) concurrently treated women and 104/608 (17.1%) sequentially treated women (adjusted-HR 0.92; 95% CI 0.65–1.29; P = 0.635). Conclusions The results of this population-based study are consistent with earlier randomized trials, demonstrating a non-significant difference in outcome for concurrently treated women compared to those who were treated sequentially, suggesting both options are justified. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10549-020-05978-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen M H E Dackus
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Jóźwiak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Institute of Biostatistics and Registry Research, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Haus O, Fehrbelliner Straße 38, 16816, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Elsken van der Wall
- Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Hpn Q05.4300, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Hauptmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Institute of Biostatistics and Registry Research, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Haus O, Fehrbelliner Straße 38, 16816, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Sabine Siesling
- Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation The Netherlands, PO Box 19079, 3501 DB, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Health Technology & Services Research, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Gabe S Sonke
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine C Linn
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Desai AS, Pham M, Weiner AB, Siddiqui MR, Driscoll C, Jain-Poster K, Ko OS, Vo A, Kundu SD. Medicaid Expansion Did not Improve Time to Treatment for Young Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2020; 18:e386-e390. [PMID: 32280026 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The absence of health insurance coverage has been associated with worse outcomes for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Medicaid expansion in the United States was an important provision of the Affordable Care Act, which increased the number of low-income individuals eligible for Medicaid starting in January 2014 in several states. The effect of Medicaid expansion on access to healthcare for patients with mRCC is unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of 6844 patients aged < 65 years with mRCC at diagnosis within the National Cancer Database. We compared the time to treatment and the rates of no insurance before (2012-2013) and after (2015-2016) expansion between patients living in states that had and had not expanded Medicaid using difference-in-difference (DID) analyses. DIDs were calculated using linear regression analysis with adjustment for sociodemographic covariates. RESULTS The rate of no insurance did not change in the expansion states compared with the nonexpansion states (DID, -0.55%; 95% confidence interval, -3.32% to 2.21%; P = .7). The percentage of patients receiving treatment within 60 days of diagnosis had increased in the expansion states from 43% to 49% and in the nonexpansion states from 42% to 46% after expansion. No change was found in treatment within 60 days of diagnosis among all patients (DID, 2.81%; 95% confidence interval, -2.61% to 8.22%; P = .3). CONCLUSIONS Medicaid expansion was not associated with improved healthcare access for patients with mRCC as reflected by timely treatment. Future work should assess the association between Medicaid expansion and oncologic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj S Desai
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
| | - Minh Pham
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Adam B Weiner
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Mohammad R Siddiqui
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Conor Driscoll
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Ketan Jain-Poster
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Oliver S Ko
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Amanda Vo
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Shilajit D Kundu
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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Salampessy BH, Bijlsma WR, van der Hijden E, Koolman X, Portrait FRM. On selecting quality indicators: preferences of patients with breast and colon cancers regarding hospital quality indicators. BMJ Qual Saf 2019; 29:576-585. [PMID: 31831636 PMCID: PMC7362772 DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2019-009818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background There is an increasing number of quality indicators being reported publicly with aim to improve the transparency on hospital care quality. However, they are little used by patients. Knowledge on patients’ preferences regarding quality may help to optimise the information presented to them. Objective To measure the preferences of patients with breast and colon cancers regarding publicly reported quality indicators of Dutch hospital care. Methods From the existing set of clinical quality indicators, participants of patient group discussions first assessed an indicator’s suitability as choice information and then identified the most relevant ones. We used the final selection as attributes in two discrete choice experiments (DCEs). Questionnaires included choice vignettes as well as a direct ranking exercise, and were distributed among patient communities. Data were analysed using mixed logit models. Results Based on the patient group discussions, 6 of 52 indicators (breast cancer) and 5 of 21 indicators (colon cancer) were selected as attributes. The questionnaire was completed by 84 (breast cancer) and 145 respondents (colon cancer). In the patient group discussions and in the DCEs, respondents valued outcome indicators as most important: those reflecting tumour residual (breast cancer) and failure to rescue (colon cancer). Probability analyses revealed a larger range in percentage change of choice probabilities for breast cancer (10.9%–69.9%) relative to colon cancer (7.9%–20.9%). Subgroup analyses showed few differences in preferences across ages and educational levels. DCE findings partly matched with those of direct ranking. Conclusion Study findings show that patients focused on a subset of indicators when making their choice of hospital and that they valued outcome indicators the most. In addition, patients with breast cancer were more responsive to quality information than patients with colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Salampessy
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Ward R Bijlsma
- Department of Healthcare Procurement, Menzis, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Eric van der Hijden
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Xander Koolman
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - France R M Portrait
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
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Chierchini S, Ingrosso G, Saldi S, Stracci F, Aristei C. Physician And Patient Barriers To Radiotherapy Service Access: Treatment Referral Implications. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:8829-8833. [PMID: 31632142 PMCID: PMC6789154 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s168941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the mainstays of cancer treatment, and about 60% of cancer patients receive this type of treatment during their course of treatment. An evident gap between optimal and actual radiotherapy utilization proportions has recently been reported, which has been ascribed to lack of referral to radiation oncology. There are many factors influencing the radiotherapy referral, including patient anxiety about toxicity, wrong perception of efficacy and side effects by physicians and patients, insufficient knowledge of referral process. These factors, defined as barriers can be categorized in health system barriers, physician and patient barriers. In the present brief narrative review, we discussed barriers to radiotherapy referral focusing on physician and patient barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Chierchini
- Radiation Oncology Section, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia and Perugia General Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ingrosso
- Radiation Oncology Section, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia and Perugia General Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Simonetta Saldi
- Radiation Oncology Section, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia and Perugia General Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Stracci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Public Health, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cynthia Aristei
- Radiation Oncology Section, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia and Perugia General Hospital, Perugia, Italy
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Dasgupta P, Baade PD, Aitken JF, Ralph N, Chambers SK, Dunn J. Geographical Variations in Prostate Cancer Outcomes: A Systematic Review of International Evidence. Front Oncol 2019; 9:238. [PMID: 31024842 PMCID: PMC6463763 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous reviews of geographical disparities in the prostate cancer continuum from diagnosis to mortality have identified a consistent pattern of poorer outcomes with increasing residential disadvantage and for rural residents. However, there are no contemporary, systematic reviews summarizing the latest available evidence. Our objective was to systematically review the published international evidence for geographical variations in prostate cancer indicators by residential rurality and disadvantage. Methods: Systematic searches of peer-reviewed articles in English published from 1/1/1998 to 30/06/2018 using PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Informit databases. Inclusion criteria were: population was adult prostate cancer patients; outcome measure was PSA testing, prostate cancer incidence, stage at diagnosis, access to and use of services, survival, and prostate cancer mortality with quantitative results by residential rurality and/or disadvantage. Studies were critically appraised using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Overall 169 studies met the inclusion criteria. Around 50% were assessed as high quality and 50% moderate. Men from disadvantaged areas had consistently lower prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing and prostate cancer incidence, poorer survival, more advanced disease and a trend toward higher mortality. Although less consistent, predominant patterns by rurality were lower PSA testing, prostate cancer incidence and survival, but higher stage disease and mortality among rural men. Both geographical measures were associated with variations in access and use of prostate cancer-related services for low to high risk disease. Conclusions: This review found substantial evidence that prostate cancer indicators varied by residential location across diverse populations and geographies. While wide variations in study design limited comparisons across studies, our review indicated that internationally, men living in disadvantaged areas, and to a lesser extent more rural areas, face a greater prostate cancer burden. This review highlights the need for a better understanding of the complex social, environmental, and behavioral reasons for these variations, recognizing that, while important, geographical access is not the only issue. Implementing research strategies to help identify these processes and to better understand the central role of disadvantage to variations in health outcome are crucial to inform the development of evidence-based targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Dasgupta
- Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter D Baade
- Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joanne F Aitken
- Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas Ralph
- Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia.,St Vincent's Private Hospital, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia.,School of Nursing & Midwifery, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Suzanne Kathleen Chambers
- Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Health and Wellness Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeff Dunn
- Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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12
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Racial and Ethnic Trends in Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Philadelphia, PA: an Observational Study. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2018; 6:371-379. [PMID: 30520002 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-018-00534-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To learn more about local prostate cancer (PCa) disparities, we conducted descriptive analyses of the role of race and age in PCa using the Pennsylvania Cancer Registry data for Philadelphia (2005-2014). METHODS We focused on the most prevalent race/ethnic groups: white (33%), black (44%), and Hispanic (9%). Outcomes included PCa rates, tumor stage, and tumor grade. Percent change was used to describe changes in age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates. Frequency tables and logistic regression models were used to describe trends in proportions of advanced PCa by race and time. Race-by-time interaction terms were retained in the models if statistically significant. RESULTS PCa incidence was highest for black men over time. Incidence rates declined over time for all race groups (- 28% for white men to - 38% for Hispanic men). PCa mortality rates declined in a less universal manner (- 5% for blacks to - 32% for whites). Each year, odds increased across all race groups for advanced tumor stage (4% each year among white and Hispanic men and 9% each year among black men) and for advanced tumor grade (4% each year among white and black men and 23% each year among Hispanic men). Among younger men, black men experienced significantly increased odds of advanced tumor stage each year (8%) and Hispanics experienced significantly increased odds of advanced tumor grade each year (30%). CONCLUSIONS Black men remain at highest PCa risk relative to other racial/ethnic groups in Philadelphia. Younger black and Hispanic men are at particular risk for advanced PCa at diagnosis.
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Seikkula HA, Kaipia AJ, Ryynänen H, Seppä K, Pitkäniemi JM, Malila NK, Boström PJ. The impact of socioeconomic status on stage specific prostate cancer survival and mortality before and after introduction of PSA test in Finland. Int J Cancer 2018; 142:891-898. [PMID: 29044563 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Socioeconomic status (SES) has an impact on prostate cancer (PCa) outcomes. Men with high SES have higher incidence and lower mortality of PCa versus lower SES males. PCa cases diagnosed in Finland in 1985-2014 (N = 95,076) were identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry. Information on education level (EL) was obtained from Statistics Finland. EL was assessed with three-tiered scale: basic, upper secondary and higher education. PCa stage at diagnosis was defined as localized, metastatic or unknown. Years of diagnosis 1985-1994 were defined as pre-PSA period and thereafter as post-PSA period. We report PCa-specific survival (PCSS) and relative risks (RR) for PCa specific mortality (PCSM) among cancer cases in Finland, where healthcare is 100% publicly reimbursed and inequality in healthcare services low. Men with higher EL had markedly better 10-year PCSS: 68 versus 63% in 1985-1994 and 90 versus 85% in 1995-2004 compared to basic EL in localized PCa. The RR for PCSM among men with localized PCa and higher EL compared to basic EL was 0.76(95%confidence interval (CI) 0.66-0.88) in 1985-1994 and 0.61(95%CI 0.53-0.70) in 1995-2004. Variation in PCSS and PCSM between EL categories was evident in metastatic PCa, too. The difference in PCSM between EL categories was larger in the first 10-year post-PSA period than before that but decreased thereafter in localized PCa, suggesting PSA testing became earlier popular among men with high EL. In summary, higher SES/EL benefit PCa survival both in local and disseminated disease and the effect of EL was more pronounced in early post-PSA period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heikki A Seikkula
- Department of Surgery, Central Finland Healthcare District, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland, Department of Urology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Janne M Pitkäniemi
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nea K Malila
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Peter J Boström
- Department of Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland, Department of Urology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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14
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Wachelder JJH, van Drunen I, Stassen PM, Brouns SHA, Lambooij SLE, Aarts MJ, Haak HR. Association of socioeconomic status with outcomes in older adult community-dwelling patients after visiting the emergency department: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e019318. [PMID: 29282273 PMCID: PMC5770947 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Older adults frequently visit the emergency department (ED). Socioeconomic status (SES) has an important impact on health and ED utilisation; however, the association between SES and ED utilisation in elderly remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between SES in older adult patients visiting the ED on outcomes. DESIGN A retrospective study. PARTICIPANTS Older adults (≥65 years) visiting the ED, in the Netherlands. SES was stratified into tertiles based on average household income at zip code level: low (<€1800/month), intermediate (€1800-€2300/month) and high (>€2300/month). PRIMARY OUTCOMES Hospitalisation, inhospital mortality and 30-day ED return visits. Effect of SES on outcomes for all groups were assessed by logistic regression and adjusted for confounders. RESULTS In total, 4828 older adults visited the ED during the study period. Low SES was associated with a higher risk of hospitalisation among community-dwelling patients compared with high SES (adjusted OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.7). This association was not present for intermediate SES (adjusted OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.4). Inhospital mortality was comparable between the low and high SES group, even after adjustment for age, comorbidity and triage level (low OR 1.4, 95% CI 0.8 to 2.6, intermediate OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.8 to 2.2). Thirty-day ED revisits among community-dwelling patients were also equal between the SES groups (low: adjusted OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.7 to 1.4, and intermediate: adjusted OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.1). CONCLUSION In older adult ED patients, low SES was associated with a higher risk of hospitalisation than high SES. However, SES had no impact on inhospital mortality and 30-day ED revisits after adjustment for confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce J H Wachelder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maxima Medisch Centre, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Services Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle van Drunen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maxima Medisch Centre, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia M Stassen
- Department of Health Services Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Section of Acute Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Steffie H A Brouns
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maxima Medisch Centre, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Services Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Suze L E Lambooij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maxima Medisch Centre, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke J Aarts
- Netherlands Cancer Registry, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harm R Haak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maxima Medisch Centre, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Services Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Section of Acute Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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15
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van der Giessen JAM, van Riel E, Velthuizen ME, van Dulmen AM, Ausems MGEM. Referral to cancer genetic counseling: do migrant status and patients' educational background matter? J Community Genet 2017; 8:303-310. [PMID: 28868568 PMCID: PMC5614888 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-017-0326-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Participation rates in cancer genetic counseling differ among populations, as patients with a lower educational background and migrant patients seem to have poorer access to it. We conducted a study to determine the present-day educational level and migrant status of counselees referred to cancer genetic counseling. We assessed personal characteristics and demographics of 731 newly referred counselees. Descriptive statistics were used to describe these characteristics. The results show that about 40% of the counselees had a high educational level and 89% were Dutch natives. Compared to the Dutch population, we found a significant difference in educational level (p = < 0.01) and migrant status (p = < 0.001). This suggests disparities in cancer genetic counseling and as a result of that, suboptimal care for vulnerable groups. Limited health literacy is likely to pose a particular challenge to cancer genetic counseling for counselees with a lower education or a migrant background. Our study points to considerable scope for improvement in referring vulnerable groups of patients for cancer genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A M van der Giessen
- Department of Genetics, Division of Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85090, Utrecht, 3508 AB, The Netherlands
| | - E van Riel
- Department of Genetics, Division of Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85090, Utrecht, 3508 AB, The Netherlands
| | - M E Velthuizen
- Department of Genetics, Division of Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85090, Utrecht, 3508 AB, The Netherlands
| | - A M van Dulmen
- NIVEL (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway, Drammen, Norway
| | - M G E M Ausems
- Department of Genetics, Division of Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85090, Utrecht, 3508 AB, The Netherlands.
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16
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Arnold M, Rentería E, Conway DI, Bray F, Van Ourti T, Soerjomataram I. Inequalities in cancer incidence and mortality across medium to highly developed countries in the twenty-first century. Cancer Causes Control 2016; 27:999-1007. [PMID: 27329211 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-016-0777-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inequalities in the burden of cancer have been well documented, and a variety of measures exist to analyse disease disparities. While previous studies have focused on inequalities within countries, the aim of the present study was to quantify existing inequalities in cancer incidence and mortality between countries. METHODS Data on total and site-specific cancer incidence and mortality in 2003-2007 were obtained for 43 countries with medium-to-high levels of human development via Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Vol. X and the WHO Mortality Database. We calculated the concentration index as a summary measure of socioeconomic-related inequality between countries. RESULTS Inequalities in cancer burden differed markedly by site; the concentration index for all sites combined was 0.03 for incidence and 0.02 for mortality, pointing towards a slightly higher burden in countries with higher levels of the human development index (HDI). For both incidence and mortality, this pattern was most pronounced for melanoma. In contrast, the burden of cervical cancer was disproportionally high in countries with lower HDI levels. Prostate, lung and breast cancer contributed most to inequalities in overall cancer incidence in countries with higher HDI levels, while for mortality these were mostly driven by lung cancer in higher HDI countries and stomach cancer in countries with lower HDI levels. CONCLUSION Global inequalities in the burden of cancer remain evident at the beginning of the twenty-first century: with a disproportionate burden of lifestyle-related cancers in countries classified as high HDI, while infection-related cancers continue to predominate in transitioning countries with lower levels of HDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Arnold
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France.
| | - Elisenda Rentería
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - David I Conway
- School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, UK
| | - Freddie Bray
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Tom Van Ourti
- Erasmus School of Economics and Tinbergen Institute, University of Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Soerjomataram
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France
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17
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Abstract
This review provides an overview of the incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and a summary of the most commonly associated risk factors. A literature review was performed with a focus on recent studies with a high level of evidence (large prospective cohort studies and meta-analyses). The incidence rate of RCC varies globally, with the rate rising rapidly in more developed regions, demonstrating the effects of increased use of diagnostic imaging and prevalence of modifiable risk factors. Based on the current evidence, cigarette smoking, obesity, and hypertension are the most well-established risk factors for sporadic RCC worldwide. Acquired cystic kidney disease is also a significant risk factor, specifically in dialysis patients. There is increasing evidence for an inverse association between RCC risk and moderate alcohol consumption. Certain analgesics and occupational exposure have been linked to an increased risk of RCC, although data are limited. Diets rich in fruits and vegetables may provide a protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Kabaria
- Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Zachary Klaassen
- Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Martha K Terris
- Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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18
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Guessous I, Cullati S, Fedewa SA, Burton-Jeangros C, Courvoisier DS, Manor O, Bouchardy C. Prostate cancer screening in Switzerland: 20-year trends and socioeconomic disparities. Prev Med 2016; 82:83-91. [PMID: 26582208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite important controversy in its efficacy, prostate cancer (PCa) screening has become widespread. Important socioeconomic screening disparities have been reported. However, trends in PCa screening and social disparities have not been investigated in Switzerland, a high risk country for PCa. We used data from five waves (from 1992-2012) of the population-based Swiss Health Interview Survey to evaluate trends in PCa screening and its association with socioeconomic indicators. METHODS We used multivariable Poisson regression to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) adjusting for demographics, health status, and use of healthcare. RESULTS The study included 12,034 men aged ≥50 years (mean age: 63.9). Between 1992 and 2012, ever use of PCa screening increased from 55.3% to 70.0% and its use within the last two years from 32.6% to 42.4% (p-value <0.05). Income, education, and occupational class were independently associated with PCa screening. PCa screening within the last two years was greater in men with the highest (>$6,000/month) vs. lowest income (≤$2,000) (46.5% vs. 38.7% in 2012, PR for overall period =1.29, 95%CI: 1.13-1.48). These socioeconomic disparities did not significantly change over time. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that about half of Swiss men had performed at least one PCa screening. Men belonging to high socioeconomic status are clearly more frequently screened than those less favored. Given the uncertainty of the usefulness of PCa screening, men, including those with high socioeconomic status, should be clearly informed about benefits and harms of PCa screening, in particular, the adverse effect of over-diagnosis and of associated over-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Guessous
- Unit of population epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine, Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Emory University, Department of Epidemiology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of chronic diseases, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Stéphane Cullati
- Unit of population epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine, Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stacey A Fedewa
- Emory University, Department of Epidemiology, Atlanta, GA, USA; American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Orly Manor
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Christine Bouchardy
- Geneva Cancer Registry, Global Health Institute, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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19
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Lynge E, Martinsen JI, Larsen IK, Kjærheim K. Colon cancer trends in Norway and Denmark by socio-economic group: A cohort study. Scand J Public Health 2015; 43:890-8. [DOI: 10.1177/1403494815600015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Norway has experienced an unprecedented rapid and so far unexplained increase in colon cancer incidence. Norwegian rates passed Danish rates for men in 1985 and for women in 1990. This study aimed to unravel clues to the development in colon cancer incidence by investigating changes over time in incidence by socio-economic group. Methods: Persons participating in the 1970 censuses in Norway and Denmark were aged 55–75 years in 1971–1980 (called pre-crossing period) and in 1991–2000 (called post-crossing period), respectively. Country, sex, age and socio-economic group-specific colon cancer incidence rates. Percent change in the average rate from the pre- to the post-crossing period. Results: In the pre-crossing period, Norwegian male managers/administrators had the highest colon cancer incidence, but the largest increase in incidence from the pre-to the post-crossing period was seen for unskilled workers, skilled workers and farmers. The rate for unskilled workers almost doubled and in the post-crossing period this rate had bypassed that of managers/administrators. A similar development was seen for Norwegian women and was less dramatic in Denmark. Conclusions: The change in the risk of manual workers has been the driving force behind the dramatic increase in the Norwegian incidence of colon cancer. This development resulted in a reversal of the socio-economic gradient from the classic European pattern with the highest incidence in the upper socio-economic groups to an American pattern with the highest incidence in the lower socio-economic groups. This ‘Americanization’ of the disease pattern followed the rapid growth in the Norwegian gross domestic product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsebeth Lynge
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Socioeconomic inequalities in prostate cancer survival: A review of the evidence and explanatory factors. Soc Sci Med 2015; 142:9-18. [PMID: 26281022 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Although survival rates after prostate cancer diagnosis have improved in the past two decades, survival analyses regarding the socioeconomic status (SES) suggest inequalities indicating worse prognosis for lower SES groups. An overview of the current literature is lacking and moreover, there is an ongoing discussion about the underlying causes but evidence is comparatively sparse. Several patient, disease and health care related factors are discussed to have an important impact on disparities in survival. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to sum up the current evidence of survival inequalities and the contribution of different potential explanatory factors among prostate cancer patients. The PubMed database was screened for relevant articles published between January 2005 and September 2014 revealing 330 potentially eligible publications. After systematic review process, 46 papers met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. About 75% of the studies indicate a significant association between low SES and worse survival among prostate cancer patients in the fully adjusted model. Overall, hazard ratios (low versus high SES) range from 1.02 to 3.57. A decrease of inequalities over the years was not identified. 8 studies examined the impact of explanatory factors on the association between SES and survival by progressive adjustment indicating mediating effects of comorbidity, stage at diagnosis and treatment modalities. Eventually, an apparent majority of the obtained studies indicates lower survival among patients with lower SES. The few studies that intend to explain inequalities found out instructive results regarding different contributing factors but evidence is still insufficient.
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Jiang A, Rambhatla P, Eide M. Socioeconomic and lifestyle factors and melanoma: a systematic review. Br J Dermatol 2015; 172:885-915. [PMID: 25354495 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.J. Jiang
- Stritch School of Medicine; Loyola University Chicago; Maywood IL U.S.A
| | - P.V. Rambhatla
- Department of Dermatology; Henry Ford Hospital; New Center One; 3031 West Grand Blvd, Suite 800 Detroit MI 48202 U.S.A
| | - M.J. Eide
- Department of Dermatology; Henry Ford Hospital; New Center One; 3031 West Grand Blvd, Suite 800 Detroit MI 48202 U.S.A
- Department of Public Health Sciences; Henry Ford Hospital; New Center One; 3031 West Grand Blvd, Suite 800 Detroit MI 48202 U.S.A
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22
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Arnold M, Liu L, Kenter GG, Creutzberg CL, Coebergh JW, Soerjomataram I. Second primary cancers in survivors of cervical cancer in The Netherlands: Implications for prevention and surveillance. Radiother Oncol 2014; 111:374-81. [PMID: 24833558 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We investigated the effects of socio-demographic, treatment- and tumor-specific determinants on the risk of developing a second malignancy among patients treated for cervical cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS We included patients with a first cervical cancer (N=12,048) from the Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR), 1989-2008. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and absolute excess risks (AER) per 10,000 person-years were calculated to estimate the burden of second cancers in cervical cancer survivors. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were computed to identify predictors for second cancers among cervical cancer survivors. RESULTS During the study period, 676 (5.6%) patients were diagnosed with a second cancer. Smoking-related cancers contributed the most to the overall burden of second cancers (AER=21) and risks remained elevated after 10 years of follow-up (SIR=1.8, 95% CI: 1.4-2.2), yet it decreased markedly in the younger birth cohorts. Cervical cancer survivors who underwent radiotherapy were at higher risk for a second tumor when compared to those without radiotherapy, especially at smoking-related sites (IRR=1.6 (1.2-2.3)). CONCLUSION Patients with cervical cancer had a significantly increased risk for a second cancer compared to the general population, especially for smoking- and irradiation-related tumors. Long-term follow-up suggested the importance of smoking cessation and the benefits of counseling cervical cancer patients accordingly, particularly those who received radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Arnold
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Section of Cancer Information, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Lifang Liu
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gemma G Kenter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Gynecologic Oncology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carien L Creutzberg
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Coebergh
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Comprehensive Cancer Center South, Eindhoven Cancer Registry, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Isabelle Soerjomataram
- Section of Cancer Information, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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23
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Idorn LW, Wulf HC. Socioeconomic status and cutaneous malignant melanoma in Northern Europe. Br J Dermatol 2014; 170:787-93. [PMID: 24359255 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) in Northern Europe, despite equal access to health care. SES per se is not responsible for this association, which must be ascribed to important risk factors for CMM such as intermittent ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure, and screening for CMM possibly owing to a greater knowledge and understanding of CMM. Our review of the literature showed that high SES is associated with increased risk of CMM, thinner tumours, increased survival and decreased mortality from CMM - the latter shown among women, and in recent studies also among men. There is evidence that high SES is associated with sun holidays, whereas low SES is associated with the use of sunbeds. Findings suggest that high SES is associated with the use of physicians and dermatologists for marks and moles, possibly owing to more knowledge and better understanding of CMM. We conclude that there has been a true increase in CMM incidence among high SES individuals in Northern Europe probably due to past intense intermittent UVR exposure, especially in connection with sun holidays. However, the increased risk of CMM and a better outcome of CMM in high SES individuals may also be conditioned by frequent recourse to physicians, which may be ascribed to more knowledge and better understanding of CMM, although more studies on this subject are warranted. Thicker CMM tumours and increased CMM mortality among low SES individuals in recent decades may reflect exposure to intermittent UVR, such as the use of sunbeds, as well as delayed diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Idorn
- Dermatological Research Department D92, Bispebjerg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK-2400, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Reitzel LR, Nguyen N, Li N, Xu L, Regan SD, Sturgis EM. Trends in thyroid cancer incidence in Texas from 1995 to 2008 by socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity. Thyroid 2014; 24:556-67. [PMID: 24063701 PMCID: PMC3949437 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2013.0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer incidence is increasing, potentially due to enhanced diagnostic practices. However, access to healthcare may be dependent on socioeconomic status (SES) and race/ethnicity. Consequently, certain segments of the population may experience thyroid cancer overdiagnosis as a result of greater access to and use of enhanced diagnostic technology. The current study examined trends by SES in thyroid cancer incidence at the census tract level from 1995 to 2008 for the population of Texas, as well as by racial/ethnic subgroup. METHODS Joinpoint regressions were used to examine incidence trends over time by SES for the study population, and for the non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic subgroups separately. Other race/ethnicities were not adequately represented for subgroup analyses. RESULTS There were 22,390 incident thyroid cancer cases (65.0% white, 6.7% black, 24.3% Hispanic, 4.1% Asian/other races; 85.9% papillary histology). The low SES group experienced a steady increase in incidence since 1995 (6.7% per year, p<0.05), whereas incidence among the high SES group has increased at a rate of 8.6% per year since 1999 (p<0.05). The joinpoint projected incidence trends for the low and high SES groups were significantly different (p=0.047). Whites experienced a steady increase in incidence over time among both high and low SES groups (7.6% per year p<0.05), whereas blacks and Hispanics of higher SES had a much more pronounced increase in incidence over time relative to their lower SES counterparts (blacks=12.8% vs. 4.1%; Hispanics=11.2% vs. 8.3%, p<0.05). For blacks and Hispanics, joinpoint projected incidence trends for the low and high SES groups were significantly different from one another (p<0.001-0.004). CONCLUSIONS These results identify groups experiencing the greatest problem of increasing thyroid cancer incidence, and raise concern that greater access to healthcare may be accompanied by thyroid cancer overdiagnosis. A dual focus on delineating and preventing disease-related causal factors and focusing clinical attention on avoiding overdiagnosis among certain populations (e.g., high SES) may be advisable to address thyroid cancer in Texas. Clinicians are encouraged to adhere to ATA/NCCN guidelines when choosing patients for thyroid ultrasound, selecting which nodules to examine, and deciding which patients should proceed to biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine R. Reitzel
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Nga Nguyen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Seann D. Regan
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Erich M. Sturgis
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Rohani-Rasaf M, Abdollahi M, Jazayeri S, Kalantari N, Asadi-Lari M. Correlation of cancer incidence with diet, smoking and socio- economic position across 22 districts of Tehran in 2008. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:1669-76. [PMID: 23679254 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.3.1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variation in cancer incidence in geographical locations is due to different lifestyles and risk factors. Diet and socio-economic position (SEP) have been identified as important for the etiology of cancer but patterns are changing and inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate correlations of the incidence of common cancers with food groups, total energy, smoking, and SEP. MATERIALS AND METHODS In an ecological study, disaggregated cancer data through the National Cancer Registry in Iran (2008) and dietary intake, smoking habits and SEP obtained through a population based survey within the Urban Health Equity Assessment (Urban-HEART) project were correlated across 22 districts of Tehran. RESULTS Consumption of fruit, meat and dairy products adjusted for energy were positively correlated with bladder, colorectal, prostate and breast and total cancers in men and women, while these cancers were adversely correlated with bread and fat intake. Also prostate, breast, colorectal, bladder and ovarian cancers had a positive correlation with SEP; there was no correlation between SEP and skin cancer in both genders and stomach cancer in men. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of cancer was higher in some regions of Tehran which appeared to be mainly determined by SEP rather than dietary intake. Further individual data are required to investigate reasons of cancer clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Rohani-Rasaf
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Byma EA, Given BA, Given CW. Longitudinal differences in pain among older adult Home and Community Based Waiver Program participants in relation to diagnosis of cancer. Home Health Care Serv Q 2014; 32:249-66. [PMID: 24372477 DOI: 10.1080/01621424.2013.851051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Generalized estimating equation analyses models were used to examine the longitudinal association between pain and diagnosis of cancer among older adult, Home and Community Based Waiver Program participants. Daily pain was reported by over half, with 29% experiencing daily pain that was unusually intense. Diagnosis of cancer was a significant predictor of daily pain only as an interaction term with cognitive impairment. Being female, having a medical diagnosis of depression, or increasing measure of comorbid conditions significantly increased the likelihood of daily pain. In comparison, increasing age, being of African American, Hispanic, or "other" race resulted in a significantly decreased likelihood of daily pain.
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Bernards N, Creemers GJ, Nieuwenhuijzen GAP, Bosscha K, Pruijt JFM, Lemmens VEPP. No improvement in median survival for patients with metastatic gastric cancer despite increased use of chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:3056-60. [PMID: 24121120 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer often presents in a metastasized stage. We conducted a population-based study to evaluate trends in systemic treatment and survival of metastatic noncardia gastric cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS All patients with noncardia adenocarcinoma of the stomach, diagnosed between 1990 and 2011 in the Eindhoven Cancer Registry area in the Netherlands were included (N = 4797). We conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis to evaluate trends in administration of palliative chemotherapy and multivariable proportional hazards regression analyses to evaluate trends in crude overall survival. RESULTS The proportion of patients presenting with metastatic gastric cancer increased from 24% in 1990 to 44% in 2011 (P < 0.0001). The use of palliative chemotherapy increased, from 5% in 1990 to 36% in 2011, with a strong increase in particular after 2006 (P < 0.0001). Younger patients [<50 years: adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) 3.9, P < 0.001; 50-59 years: ORadj 1.7, P = 0.01] and patients with a high socioeconomic status (ORadj 1.7, P = 0.01) more often received chemotherapy. In contrast, older patients (70-79 years: ORadj 0.3, P < 0.001; 80+ years: ORadj 0.02, P < 0.001), patients with comorbidity (ORadj 0.6, P = 0.03), linitis plastica (ORadj 0.5, P = 0.03) and multiple distant metastases (ORadj 0.5, P = 0.01) were less often treated with chemotherapy. A large hospital variation was observed in the administration of palliative chemotherapy (9%-27%). Median overall survival remained constant between 15 [95% confidence interval (CI) 11.9-17.7] and 17 (95% CI 15.0-20.0) weeks (P = 0.10). CONCLUSIONS The increased administration of chemotherapy in patients with metastatic gastric cancer did not lead to an increase in population-based overall survival. Identification of the subgroup of patients which benefits from palliative chemotherapy is of utmost importance to avoid unnecessary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bernards
- Eindhoven Cancer Registry, Comprehensive Cancer Centre South, Eindhoven
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Andrykowski MA, Aarts MJ, van de Poll-Franse LV, Mols F, Slooter GD, Thong MS. Low socioeconomic status and mental health outcomes in colorectal cancer survivors: disadvantage? advantage? … or both? Psychooncology 2013; 22:2462-9. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.3309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Andrykowski
- Department of Behavioral Science; University of Kentucky College of Medicine; Lexington KY USA
| | - Mieke J. Aarts
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre South; Eindhoven Cancer Registry; Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Lonneke V. van de Poll-Franse
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre South; Eindhoven Cancer Registry; Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Center for Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases, Department of Medical Psychology; Tilburg University; Tilburg The Netherlands
| | - Floortje Mols
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre South; Eindhoven Cancer Registry; Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Center for Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases, Department of Medical Psychology; Tilburg University; Tilburg The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit D. Slooter
- Department of Surgery; Maxima Medical Center; Veldhoven The Netherlands
| | - Melissa S.Y. Thong
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre South; Eindhoven Cancer Registry; Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Center for Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases, Department of Medical Psychology; Tilburg University; Tilburg The Netherlands
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Aarts MJ, Koldewijn EL, Poortmans PM, Coebergh JWW, Louwman M. The Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Prostate Cancer Treatment and Survival in the Southern Netherlands. Urology 2013; 81:593-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rohani-Rasaf M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Ramezani R, Asadi-Lari M. Measuring socioeconomic disparities in cancer incidence in Tehran, 2008. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:2955-60. [PMID: 22938489 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.6.2955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health disparities exist among and within countries, while developing and low income countries suffer more. The aim of this study was to quantify cancer disparities with regard to socioeconomic position (SEP) in 22 districts of Tehran, Iran. METHOD According to the national cancer registry, 7599 new cancer cases were recorded within 22 districts of Tehran in 2008. Based on combined data from census and a population-based health equity study (Urban HEART), socioeconomic position (SEP) was calculated for each district. Index of disparity, absolute and relative concentration indices (ACI and RCI) were used for measuring disparities in cancer incidence. RESULTS The overall cancer age standardised rate (ASR) was 117.2 per 100,000 individuals (120.4 for men and 113.5 for women). Maximum ASR in both genders was seen in districts 6, 3, 1 and 2. Breast, colorectal, stomach, skin and prostate were the most common cancers. Districts with higher SEP had higher ASR (r=0.9, p<0.001). Positive ACI and RCI indicated that cancer cases accumulated in districts with high SEP. Female disparity was greater than for men in all measures. Breast, colorectal, prostate and bladder ASR ascended across SEP groups. Negative ACI and RCI in cervical and skin cancers in women indicate their aggregation in lower SEP groups. Breast cancer had the highest absolute disparities measure. CONCLUSION This report provides an appropriate guide and new evidence on disparities across geographical, demographic and particular SEP groups. Higher ASR in specific districts warrants further research to investigate the background predisposing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Rohani-Rasaf
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wee LE, Koh GCH, Chin RT, Yeo WX, Seow B, Chua D. Socioeconomic factors affecting colorectal, breast and cervical cancer screening in an Asian urban low-income setting at baseline and post-intervention. Prev Med 2012; 55:61-7. [PMID: 22561028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inequalities in cancer screening are little studied in Asian societies. We determined whether area and individual measures of socio-economic status (SES) affected cancer screening participation in Singapore and prospectively evaluated an access-enhancing community-based intervention. METHODS The study population involved all residents aged >40 years in two housing estates comprising of owner-occupied (high-SES area) and rental (low-SES area) flats. From 2009 to 2011, non-adherents to regular screening for colorectal/breast/cervical cancer were offered free convenient screening over six months. Pre- and post-intervention screening rates were compared with McNemar's test. Multi-level logistic regression identified factors of regular screening at baseline; Cox regression analysis identified predictors of screening post-intervention. RESULTS Participation was 78.2% (1081/1383). In the low-SES area, 7.7% (33/427), 20.4% (44/216), and 14.3% (46/321) had regular colorectal, cervical and breast cancer screening respectively. Post-intervention, screening rates in the low-SES area rose significantly to 19.0% (81/427), 25.4% (55/216), and 34.3% (74/216) respectively (p<0.001). Area SES was more consistently associated with screening than individual SES at baseline. Post-intervention, for colorectal cancer screening, those with higher education were more likely to attend (p=0.004); for female cancer screening, the higher-income were less likely to attend (p=0.032). CONCLUSIONS Access-enhancing community-based interventions improve participation among disadvantaged strata of Asian societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang En Wee
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
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Underutilization of partial nephrectomy for stage T1 renal cell carcinoma in the United States, trends from 2000 to 2008. A long way to go. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2012; 10:219-24. [PMID: 22749689 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent American Urologic Association Guidelines for small renal masses recommend partial nephrectomy for surgical treatment of T1 renal masses to preserve renal function and minimize cardiovascular comorbidities. This procedure is performed more often than in the past, after the technical issues of hemorrhage, fistula, and technique evolved. We reviewed the trends, practice patterns, and application of partial nephrectomy for T1 renal cell carcinoma in the United States from 2000 to 2008, before the American Urologic Association Guidelines. The objective is to investigate whether economic or societal factors favor the use of partial over radical nephrectomy surgery. METHODS Data on 142,194 cases from 1267 hospitals diagnosed with kidney and renal pelvis cancer in the National Cancer DataBase from 2000 to 2008 were the basis of the study. RESULTS Partial nephrectomy rates for stage T1 kidney and renal pelvis cancer have increased from 17% in 2000 to 31% in 2008. Differences in partial nephrectomy rates that arise from sex or race were not large. However, there was a disproportionate increase based on income and education. Also, there were differences based on insurance status; patients with managed care, in the military and veterans had higher partial nephrectomy rates. Partial nephrectomy rates were higher in teaching and research hospitals and in veterans hospitals. Geographically, the procedure was performed at higher rates in the eastern and midwestern parts of the country. CONCLUSIONS Partial nephrectomy rates for stage T1 renal cell carcinoma increased from 17% in 2000 to 31% in 2008. The procedure has been used preferentially with patients who are more educated and have high incomes.
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Small but significant socioeconomic inequalities in axillary staging and treatment of breast cancer in the Netherlands. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:12-7. [PMID: 22596236 PMCID: PMC3389409 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of sentinel node biopsy (SNB), lymph node dissection, breast-conserving surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hormonal treatment for breast cancer was evaluated in relation to socioeconomic status (SES) in the Netherlands, where access to care was assumed to be equal. METHODS Female breast cancer patients diagnosed between 1994 and 2008 were selected from the nationwide population-based Netherlands Cancer Registry (N=176 505). Socioeconomic status was assessed based on income, employment and education at postal code level. Multivariable models included age, year of diagnosis and stage. RESULTS Sentinal node biopsy was less often applied in high-SES patients (multivariable analyses, ≤ 49 years: odds ratio (OR) 0.70 (95% CI: 0.56-0.89); 50-75 years: 0.85 (0.73-0.99)). Additionally, lymph node dissection was less common in low-SES patients aged ≥ 76 years (OR 1.34 (0.95-1.89)). Socioeconomic status-related differences in treatment were only significant in the age group 50-75 years. High-SES women with stage T1-2 were more likely to undergo breast-conserving surgery (+radiotherapy) (OR 1.15 (1.09-1.22) and OR 1.16 (1.09-1.22), respectively). Chemotherapy use among node-positive patients was higher in the high-SES group, but was not significant in multivariable analysis. Hormonal therapy was not related to SES. CONCLUSION Small but significant differences were observed in the use of SNB, lymph node dissection and breast-conserving surgery according to SES in Dutch breast cancer patients despite assumed equal access to health care.
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Milewski I. Identifying at-risk communities for action on cancer prevention: a case study in new brunswick (Canada) communities. New Solut 2012; 22:79-107. [PMID: 22436208 DOI: 10.2190/ns.22.1.f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Health statistics reported by large geographic area such as province, state, county or health region offer little insight into disease conditions at the community level where people live and work, where occupational and environmental exposures occur, and where industrial emissions are often concentrated. This study investigated overall patterns of cancer incidence and socioeconomic status (SES) among 14 communities in the province of New Brunswick (Canada). A multivariate ordination technique, hierarchical clustering, and permutation procedures were used to identify and test significance of community clusters and whether the overall pattern of SES was correlated with patterns of cancer among communities. Communities with significantly high or significantly low overall rates of cancers were identified, patterns that were not related to SES. The potential influence of age, small populations, diagnostic screening, smoking and environmental risk factors contributing to locally elevated cancer rates are discussed. Cancer incidence reported at smaller spatial scales provides health officials and researchers with a basis for identifying communities potentially at-risk and aids in the development of appropriate community-based risk reduction actions and cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inka Milewski
- Conservation Council of New Brunswick, 180 St. John Street Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 4A9, Canada.
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Elstad JI, Torstensrud R, Lyngstad TH, Kravdal O. Trends in educational inequalities in mortality, seven types of cancers, Norway 1971-2002. Eur J Public Health 2011; 22:771-6. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckr181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Hellenthal NJ, Bermejo CE. The role of socioeconomic status in renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2011; 30:89-94. [PMID: 21908209 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gender, race, income level, and socioeconomic status (SES) are factors in the decision to diagnose and treat patients with localized and advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). These variables affect both health care delivery at the provider level as well as health care receipt and decision-making at the patient level. The purpose of this article is to review current literature regarding the role of socioeconomic status and patient demographics on the risk of developing, diagnosing, and treating RCC. The article will also address RCC-related treatment costs and reimbursements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Hellenthal
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Bassett Healthcare, Cooperstown, NY 13326, USA.
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Berglund A, Garmo H, Robinson D, Tishelman C, Holmberg L, Bratt O, Adolfsson J, Stattin P, Lambe M. Differences according to socioeconomic status in the management and mortality in men with high risk prostate cancer. Eur J Cancer 2011; 48:75-84. [PMID: 21852113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outcomes for many cancer forms are associated with socioeconomic status (SES).We investigated if SES was associated with management and mortality in men with high risk prostate cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS A nation-wide population-based cohort in Prostate Cancer Data Base Sweden (PCBaSe), a merged database including data on incident prostate cancer identified in the National Prostate Cancer Register (NPCR) between 1997 and 2006. High risk PCa was defined as T3 tumour, and/or Gleason score 8-10 and/or PSA 20-50 ng/mL. Use of bone scan, curative treatment, and mortality in relation to SES was assessed by logistic, Cox, and competing risk regression with hazard ratios (HR), sub-distributed HR and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for co-morbidity, age, calendar period and clinical subgroups. RESULTS Amongst 17,522 high risk prostate cancer patients, a bone scan was more often performed in higher white-collar than in blue-collar workers (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.21-1.40). Amongst men without metastases, the likelihood of intention to treat was higher in higher white-collar workers (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.28-1.57). In men who received curative treatment, the likelihood was higher to undergo radical prostatectomy for higher white-collar patients (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.10-1.47). In men without metastases, not only overall mortality was lower amongst higher white-collar workers (HR, 0.76; 95% CI 0.60-0.97), but also prostate cancer-specific mortality (sHR 0.70; 95% CI, 0.49-0.99). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that socioeconomic disparities in the management and mortality in men with high risk prostate cancer exist also within the setting of a National Health Care System aiming to provide care on equal terms to all residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Berglund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Renehan AG, Soerjomataram I, Martin-Moreno JM, Coebergh JW. Foreword: Implementing cancer prevention in Europe. Eur J Cancer 2011; 46:2523-4. [PMID: 20843481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of risk factors underpinning the aetiology of many common cancers is well established, yet the conversion of this knowledge into prevention lags considerably behind. The title of this Special Issue - Implementing cancer prevention in Europe - captures the central theme within; namely, the translation of cancer epidemiology into public health policy. The Special Issue is supported by focused evidence-based case studies of how these processes might be best taken forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Renehan
- Department of Surgery, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, School of Cancer and Enabling Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
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Coebergh JW, Martin-Moreno JM, Soerjomataram I, Renehan AG. The long road towards cancer prevention: 4 steps backward and 8 forward. Eur J Cancer 2010; 46:2660-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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