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Augustyn K, Joseph J, Patel AB, Razmandi A, Ali AN, Tawbi HA. Treatment experience with encorafenib plus binimetinib for BRAF V600-mutant metastatic melanoma: management insights for clinical practice. Melanoma Res 2023; 33:406-416. [PMID: 37534686 PMCID: PMC10470431 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
For patients with locally advanced or metastatic melanoma who have BRAF V600 activating mutations, combination therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors is now the standard of care. The combination of encorafenib, a highly selective adenosine triphosphate-competitive BRAF inhibitor, plus binimetinib, a potent, selective, allosteric, non-adenosine triphosphate-competitive MEK1/2 inhibitor, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600E or V600K mutations based on data from the phase III COLUMBUS study (NCT01909453). Clinical data evaluating BRAF and MEK inhibitor combinations in advanced melanoma indicate a specific profile of adverse events that includes serious retinopathy, skin disorders, and cardiovascular toxicities. Here we provide an overview of the rationale for combining BRAF and MEK inhibitors for the treatment of melanoma, long-term safety results from COLUMBUS, and guidance on managing the most common adverse events associated with this combination based on clinical experience. Proactive and appropriate management of adverse events can allow for longer treatment durations and may result in better treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourtney Augustyn
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine
| | | | | | - Azadeh Razmandi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amatul Noor Ali
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hussein A. Tawbi
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine
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Gambichler T, Elfering J, Meyer T, Bruckmüller S, Stockfleth E, Skrygan M, Käfferlein HU, Brüning T, Lang K, Wagener D, Schröder S, Nick M, Susok L. Protein expression of prognostic genes in primary melanoma and benign nevi. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:2673-2680. [PMID: 34757537 PMCID: PMC9470607 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03779-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the protein expression characteristics of genes employed in a recently introduced prognostic gene expression assay for patients with cutaneous melanoma (CM). METHODS We studied 37 patients with CM and 10 with benign (melanocytic) nevi (BN). Immunohistochemistry of primary tumor tissue was performed for eight proteins: COL6A6, DCD, GBP4, KLHL41, KRT9, PIP, SCGB1D2, SCGB2A2. RESULTS The protein expression of most markers investigated was relatively low (e.g., DCD, KRT9, SCGB1D2) and predominantly cytoplasmatic in melanocytes and keratinocytes. COL6A6, GBP4, and KLHL41 expression was significantly enhanced in CM when compared to BN. DCD protein expression was significantly correlated with COL6A6, GBP4, and KLHL41. GBP4 was positively correlated with KLHL41 and inversely correlated with SCGB2B2. The latter was also inversely correlated with serum S100B levels at time of initial diagnosis. The presence of SCGB1D2 expression was significantly associated with ulceration of the primary tumor. KRT9 protein expression was significantly more likely found in acral lentiginous melanoma. The presence of DCD expression was less likely associated with superficial spreading melanoma subtype but significantly associated with non-progressive disease. The absence of SCGB2A2 expression was significantly more often observed in patients who did not progress to stage III or IV. CONCLUSIONS The expression levels observed were relatively low but differed in part with those found in BN. Even though we detected some significant correlations between the protein expression levels and clinical parameters (e.g., CM subtype, course of disease), there was no major concordance with the protective or risk-associated functions of the corresponding genes included in a recently introduced prognostic gene expression assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gambichler
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - J Elfering
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - T Meyer
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - S Bruckmüller
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - E Stockfleth
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - M Skrygan
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - H U Käfferlein
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurances, Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - T Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurances, Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - K Lang
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurances, Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - D Wagener
- Pathology/Labor Lademannbogen MVZ GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Schröder
- Pathology/Labor Lademannbogen MVZ GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Nick
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - L Susok
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Gu J, Wu Q, Zhang Q, You Q, Wang L. A decade of approved first-in-class small molecule orphan drugs: Achievements, challenges and perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114742. [PMID: 36155354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade (2011-2020), there was a growing interest in the discovery and development of orphan drugs for the treatment of rare diseases. However, rare diseases only account for a population of 0.65‰-1‰ which usually occur with previously unknown biological mechanisms and lack of specific therapeutics, thus to increase the demands for the first-in-class (FIC) drugs with new biological targets or mechanisms. Considering the achievements in the past 10 years, a total of 410 drugs were approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which contained 151 FIC drugs and 184 orphan drugs, contributing to make up significant numbers of the approvals. Notably, more than 50% of FIC drugs are developed as orphan drugs and some of them have already been milestones in drug development. In this review, we aim to discuss the FIC small molecules for the development of orphan drugs case by case and highlight the R&D strategy with novel targets and scientific breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qiuyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qiuyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Sulforaphane induces cell differentiation, melanogenesis and also inhibit the proliferation of melanoma cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 921:174894. [PMID: 35300996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is an organosulfur compound extracted from cruciferous vegetables and has biological effects. The effect of SFN has been studied in different types of cancers, as this compound incites various cytotoxic mechanisms to stunt cancer proliferation. However, the role of SFN activity in melanoma is yet to be known. The current study has been devised to elucidate the effects induced by SFN treatment in the B16F10 melanoma cell line and zebrafish model. Cells were treated with SFN reduced cell proliferation and increased tyrosinase production. Moreover, microscopic and immunofluorescence analysis confirmed the elongated appearance of melanoma cells due to cytoskeletal reorganization induced by SFN. Western blotting showed that SFN regulates the protein expression of Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), Protein kinase C beta 1 (PKCβ1), and tyrosinase. The relationship between melanin biosynthesis and changes in the actin cytoskeleton encouraged by SFN on melanoma was determined by treating it with Cytochalasin D (CD) and Jasplakinolide (JAS). Co-treatment of SFN with CD increased more tyrosinase expression than SFN alone whereas with JAS, slightly reduced the expression. Immature zebrafish were pretreated with phenylthiourea (PTU) and then exposed to different SFN concentrations yielded the same results by upregulating the melanin levels despite the presence of melanin inhibitor (PTU). These study results show that SFN induces the biosynthesis of melanin in the B16F10 melanoma cell line, which occurs through changes in actin.
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Wang Z, Wang X, Wang Z, Fan X, Yan M, Jiang L, Xia Y, Cao J, Liu Y. Prediction of Drug-Drug Interaction Between Dabrafenib and Irinotecan via UGT1A1-Mediated Glucuronidation. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2022; 47:353-361. [PMID: 35147853 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-021-00740-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dabrafenib and irinotecan are two drugs that can be utilized to treat melanoma. A previous in vivo study has shown that dabrafenib enhances the antitumor activity of irinotecan in a xenograft model with unclear mechanism. OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the inhibition of dabrafenib on SN-38 (the active metabolite of irinotecan) glucuronidation, trying to elucidate the possible mechanism underlying the synergistic effect and to provide a basis for further development and optimization of this combination in clinical research. METHODS Recombinant human uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) and human liver microsomes (HLMs) were employed to catalyze the glucuronidation of SN-38 in vitro. Inhibition kinetic analysis and quantitative prediction study were combined to predict drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential in vivo. RESULTS Dabrafenib noncompetitively inhibited SN-38 glucuronidation in pooled HLMs and recombinant UGT1A1 with unbound inhibitor constant (Ki,u) values of 12.43 ± 0.28 and 3.89 ± 0.40 μM, respectively. Based on the in vitro Ki,u value and estimation of kinetic parameters, dabrafenib administered at 150 mg twice daily may result in about a 1-2% increase in the area under the curve (AUC) of SN-38 in vivo. However, the ratios of intra-enterocyte concentration of dabrafenib to Ki,u ([I]gut/Ki,u) are 2.73 and 8.72 in HLMs and recombinant UGT1A1, respectively, indicating a high risk of intestinal DDI when dabrafenib was used in combination with irinotecan. CONCLUSION Dabrafenib is a potent noncompetitive inhibitor of UGT1A1 and may bring potential risk of DDI when combined with irinotecan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Xiaoyu Fan
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Mingrui Yan
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Yangliu Xia
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, Panjin, 124221, China.
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Ressnerova A, Novotny F, Michalkova H, Pumera M, Adam V, Heger Z. Efficient Protein Transfection by Swarms of Chemically Powered Plasmonic Virus-Sized Nanorobots. ACS NANO 2021; 15:12899-12910. [PMID: 34282903 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Transfection is based on nonviral delivery of nucleic acids or proteins into cells. Viral approaches are being used; nevertheless, their translational capacity is nowadays decreasing due to persistent fear of their safety, therefore creating space for the field of nanotechnology. However, nanomedical approaches introducing static nanoparticles for the delivery of biologically active molecules are very likely to be overshadowed by the vast potential of nanorobotics. We hereby present a rapid nonviral transfection of protein into a difficult-to-transfect prostate cancer cell line facilitated by chemically powered rectangular virus-sized (68 nm × 33 nm) nanorobots. The enhanced diffusion of these biocompatible nanorobots is the key to their fast internalization into cells, happening in a matter of minutes and being up to 6-fold more efficient compared to static nanorobots in a nonfueled environment. The Au/Ag plasmonic nature of these nanorobots makes them simply traceable and allows for their detailed subcellular localization. Protein transfection mediated by such nanorobots is an important step forward, challenging the field of nanomedicine and having potential in future translational medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alzbeta Ressnerova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Novotny
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Michalkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
- Center for Nanorobotics and Machine Intelligence, Department of Food Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, 40402 Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722 Seoul, Korea
- Future Energy and Innovation Lab, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Dearden H, Au L, Wang DY, Zimmer L, Eroglu Z, Smith JL, Cuvietto M, Khoo C, Atkinson V, Lo S, Long GV, Sandhu S, Ascierto PA, Carlino MS, Johnson DB, Larkin J, Menzies AM. Hyperacute toxicity with combination ipilimumab and anti-PD1 immunotherapy. Eur J Cancer 2021; 153:168-178. [PMID: 34182268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combination ipilimumab and nivolumab is approved for several malignancies. Toxicity most often occurs 6-10 weeks into treatment. Whether very early toxicity is harder to manage or influences efficacy is unknown. METHODS Consecutive metastatic melanoma patients who developed hyperacute toxicity, defined as Grade 2+ irAE within 21 days of receiving ipilimumab + anti-PD-1 were retrospectively identified from nine centres. RESULTS A total of 82 patients developed hyperacute toxicity (estimated incidence 9%), at a median 10 days (range 1-21). Toxicities included colitis (N = 23), rash (17), hepatitis (9), endocrine (9), pneumonitis (6) and neurotoxicity (4) and were G2 (38%), G3 (52%), G4 (6%) and G5 (2% myocarditis). Fifty-nine percent required treatment beyond oral steroids, including IV steroids (28%), infliximab and other immunosuppression (30%). A total of 29% patients developed an additional hyperacute toxicity and 26% another toxicity >21 days after treatment commencement but before further immunotherapy. The objective response rate (ORR) was 54%, and after a median 11.6 mo follow-up, median PFS was 7.4 mo. Increasing levels of immunosuppression was associated with a reduced PFS (12-month PFS 62% no immunosuppression versus 49% oral steroids versus 33% IV steroids versus 20% further immunosuppressants, p = 0.006). There was no significant difference in ORR or PFS by duration of immunosuppression. CONCLUSIONS Hyperacute toxicities from combination immunotherapy have a wide spectrum and can be severe. Many patients require significant immunosuppression for prolonged durations and remain at risk of further severe toxicity. Melanoma outcomes in such patients appear similar to those of trial populations, although greater immunosuppression requirements may be associated with inferior outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Dearden
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lewis Au
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Daniel Y Wang
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lisa Zimmer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Marcello Cuvietto
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Chloe Khoo
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Victoria Atkinson
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; University of Queensland, Brisbane St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Serigne Lo
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Paolo A Ascierto
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Matteo S Carlino
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - James Larkin
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alexander M Menzies
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, Australia.
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Yin Q, Shi X, Lan S, Jin H, Wu D. Effect of melanoma stem cells on melanoma metastasis. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:566. [PMID: 34113394 PMCID: PMC8185701 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are involved in the metastatic process, the resistance of many types of cancer to therapeutic treatments and consequently the onset of recurrences. The CSC concept therefore significantly extends our understanding of melanoma biology. More recently, melanoma stem cells (MSCs) have been described in melanoma as expressing specific biomarkers. These primitive melanoma cells are not only capable of self-renewal and differentiation plasticity, but may also confer virulence via immune evasion and multidrug resistance, and potentially, via vasculogenic mimicry and transition to migratory and metastasizing derivatives. This review will present the specific biomarkers of MSCs, including CD133, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 5, CD271, CD20 and aldehyde dehydrogenase, which can regulate the transduction of tumor-related signals. These signal molecules can reversely act on tumor cells and regulate tumor angiogenesis, leading to the occurrence of melanoma metastasis. Targeting these specific biomarkers could inhibit the progression of melanoma and may help the development of novel therapeutic strategies for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiliang Yin
- Department of Tumor Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiumin Shi
- Department of Tumor Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Shijie Lan
- Department of Tumor Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Haofan Jin
- Department of Tumor Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Tumor Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Poizeau F, Kerbrat S, Happe A, Rault C, Drezen E, Balusson F, Tuppin P, Guillot B, Thuret A, Boussemart L, Dinulescu M, Pracht M, Lesimple T, Droitcourt C, Oger E, Dupuy A. Patients with Metastatic Melanoma Receiving Anticancer Drugs: Changes in Overall Survival, 2010–2017. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:830-839.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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D'Andrea MA, Reddy GK. Brain Radiation Induced Extracranial Abscopal Effects in Metastatic Melanoma. Am J Clin Oncol 2021; 43:836-845. [PMID: 33044231 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Historically, the brain has been viewed as a specialized neurovascular inert organ with a distinctive immune privilege. Therefore, radiation-induced extracranial abscopal effects would be considered an unusual phenomenon due to the difficulty of the immunogenic signaling molecules to travel across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, it is now possible that localized central nervous system radiation has the ability to disrupt the structural integrity of the BBB and increase its endothelial permeability allowing the free passage of immunogenic responses between the intracranial and extracranial compartments. Thus, the nascent tumor-associated antigens produced by localized brain radiation can travel across the BBB into the rest of the body to modulate the immune system and induce extracranial abscopal effects. In clinical practice, localized brain radiation therapy-induced extracranial abscopal effects are a rarely seen phenomenon in metastatic melanoma and other advanced cancers. In this article, we provide a detailed overview of the current state of knowledge and clinical experience of central nervous system radiation-induced extracranial abscopal effects in patients with malignant melanoma. Emerging data from a small number of case reports and cohort studies of various malignancies has significantly altered our earlier understanding of this process by revealing that the brain is neither isolated nor passive in its interactions with the body's immune system. In addition, these studies provide clinical evidence that the brain is capable of interacting actively with the extracranial peripheral immune system. Thus, localized radiation treatment to 1 or more locations of brain metastases can induce extracranial abscopal responses. Collectively, these findings clearly demonstrate that localized brain radiation therapy-induced abscopal effects traverses the BBB and trigger tumor regression in the nonirradiated extracranial locations.
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Yang H, Li L, Liu X, Zhao Y. High Expression of the Component 3a Receptor 1 (C3AR1) Gene in Stomach Adenocarcinomas Infers a Poor Prognosis and High Immune-Infiltration Levels. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e927977. [PMID: 33539329 PMCID: PMC7871482 DOI: 10.12659/msm.927977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was designed to explore the incompletely investigated role of the complement component 3a receptor 1 (C3AR1) in the prognosis of stomach adenocarcinomas (STAD). Material/Methods Using bioinformatic methods, we systematically determined the expression and prognosis value of C3AR1 in various cancers by using the TIMER (Tumor Immune Estimation Resource) database, UALCAN platform, GEPIA (Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis) server, and the OncoLnc tool. The biological processes influenced by C3AR1 were determined using the GSEA (Gene Set Enrichment Analysis) software (Copyright 2004–2020 Broad Institute, Inc., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Regents of the University of California). The correlation between C3AR1 expression and the immune-infiltrating cells as well as the correlation analysis between C3AR1 expression and the corresponding immune-marker sets were conducted using the TIMER and GEPIA databases. Results The expression of C3AR1 was significantly (P<0.001) differentially expressed on several tumor types, while its prognosis value could only be determined on STAD, with a high expression of C3AR1 closely correlated with a poor prognosis. The GSEA analysis revealed that the differential expression of C3AR1 profoundly affected the immune-related biological processes. The expression of C3AR1 was strongly and positively correlated with the infiltration of monocytes, tumor-associated macrophages, M2 macrophages, dendritic cells, and exhausted T cells. Conclusions Our results have revealed that a high expression of C3AR1 is positively correlated with a poor prognosis and increased tumor-immune infiltration. C3AR1 can promote the polarization of M2 macrophages and T cell exhaustion, leading to the immune escape of STAD. These findings suggest that C3AR1 could be used as a prognostic and immune-infiltration marker in the pathogenesis of STAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Nanchong Central Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College (University), Nanchong, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
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Meinrath J, Haak A, Igci N, Dalvi P, Arolt C, Meemboor S, Siebolts U, Eischeidt-Scholz H, Wickenhauser C, Grünewald I, Drebber U, Büttner R, Quaas A, Klußmann JP, Odenthal M, Beutner D, Meyer M. Expression profiling on subclasses of primary parotid gland carcinomas. Oncotarget 2020; 11:4123-4137. [PMID: 33227073 PMCID: PMC7665229 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The underlying molecular mechanisms of parotid gland carcinomas (PGC) are still unknown. Knowledge about the tumor-driving signaling pathways is necessary either for diagnostics or developing new therapeutic options in this heterogeneous and rare entity. MATERIAL AND METHODS 94 matching RNA formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue samples from PGC and the corresponding non-tumor area, RNA quality and quantity were sufficient for gene expression profiling of 770 genes using the NanoString's nCounter technology. Oncogenic and tumor suppressor genes were examined in the three common PGC tumor entities: adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), adenocarcinoma NOS (AC-NOS), and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). RESULTS Expression profiling and subsequent hierarchical cluster analysis clearly differentiated between non-tumor gland tissue samples and PGC. In addition expression pattern of all three entities differed. The extensive pathway analysis proved a prominent dysregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway in the three PGC entities. Moreover, transcript upstream analysis demonstrated a pronounced activation of the PI3K pathway in ACC and MEC. DISCUSSION Our findings revealed divergent molecular expression profiles in MEC, ACC and AC-NOS that are presently studied for their potential application in PGC diagnostics. Importantly, identification of Wnt and PI3K signaling in PGC revealed novel options of PGC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannine Meinrath
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Haak
- Department of Pathology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Nesrin Igci
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Priya Dalvi
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Arolt
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sonja Meemboor
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center of Integrative Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Udo Siebolts
- Department of Pathology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | | | | | - Inga Grünewald
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Uta Drebber
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center of Integrative Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center of Integrative Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center of Integrative Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens-Peter Klußmann
- Center of Integrative Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Margarete Odenthal
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center of Integrative Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dirk Beutner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Meyer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
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13
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Sulochana SP, Trivedi RK, Srinivas NR, Mullangi R. A concise review of bioanalytical methods of small molecule immuno-oncology drugs in cancer therapy. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e4996. [PMID: 33047346 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Immuno-oncology (IO) is an emerging option to treat cancer malignancies. In the last two years, IO has accounted for more than 90% of the new active drugs in various therapeutic indications of oncology drug development. Bioanalytical methods used for the quantitation of various IO small molecule drugs have been summarized in this review. The most commonly used are HPLC and LC-MS/MS methods. Determination of IO drugs from biological matrices involves drug extraction from the biological matrix, which is mostly achieved by simple protein precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction. Subsequently, quantitation is usually achieved by LC-MS/MS, but HPLC-UV has also been employed. The bioanalytical methods reported for each drug are briefly discussed and tabulated for easy access. Our review indicates that LC-MS/MS is a versatile and reliable tool for the sensitive, rapid and robust quantitation of IO drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh P Sulochana
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism Group, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
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14
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The Antitumor Effect of Heparin is not Mediated by Direct NK Cell Activation. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082666. [PMID: 32824699 PMCID: PMC7463539 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes responsible for the elimination of infected or transformed cells. The activation or inhibition of NK cells is determined by the balance of target cell ligand recognition by stimulatory and inhibitory receptors on their surface. Previous reports have suggested that the glycosaminoglycan heparin is a ligand for the natural cytotoxicity receptors NKp30, NKp44 (human), and NKp46 (both human and mouse). However, the effects of heparin on NK cell homeostasis and function remain unclear. Here, we show that heparin does not enhance NK cell proliferation or killing through NK cell activation. Alternatively, in mice models, heparin promoted NK cell survival in vitro and controlled B16-F10 melanoma metastasis development in vivo. In human NK cells, heparin promisingly increased interferon (IFN)-γ production in synergy with IL-12, although the mechanism remains elusive. Our data showed that heparin is not able to increase NK cell cytotoxicity.
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15
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Mattila KE, Vihinen P, Ramadan S, Skyttä T, Tiainen L, Vuoristo MS, Tyynelä-Korhonen K, Koivunen J, Kohtamäki L, Mäkelä S, Hernberg M. Combination chemotherapy with temozolomide, lomustine, vincristine and interferon-alpha (TOL-IFN) plus vemurafenib or TOL-IFN as first-line treatment for patients with advanced melanoma. Acta Oncol 2020; 59:310-314. [PMID: 31564175 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2019.1670862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalle E. Mattila
- Fican West Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Pia Vihinen
- Fican West Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Susan Ramadan
- Fican West Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tanja Skyttä
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Leena Tiainen
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Meri-Sisko Vuoristo
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Jussi Koivunen
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Laura Kohtamäki
- HYKS Cancer Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Siru Mäkelä
- HYKS Cancer Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Micaela Hernberg
- HYKS Cancer Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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16
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D’Andrea MA, Reddy GK. Systemic Antitumor Effects and Abscopal Responses in Melanoma Patients Receiving Radiation Therapy. Oncology 2020; 98:202-215. [DOI: 10.1159/000505487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Guerrisi A, Loi E, Ungania S, Russillo M, Bruzzaniti V, Elia F, Desiderio F, Marconi R, Solivetti FM, Strigari L. Novel cancer therapies for advanced cutaneous melanoma: The added value of radiomics in the decision making process-A systematic review. Cancer Med 2020; 9:1603-1612. [PMID: 31951322 PMCID: PMC7050080 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced malignant melanoma represents a public health matter due to its rising incidence and aggressiveness. Novel therapies such as immunotherapy are showing promising results with improved progression free and overall survival in melanoma patients. However, novel targeted and immunotherapies could generate atypical patterns of response which are nowadays a big challenge since imaging criteria (ie Recist 1.1) have not been proven to be always reliable to assess response. Radiomics and in particular texture analysis (TA) represent new quantitative methodologies which could reduce the impact of these limitations providing most robust data in support of clinical decision process. The aim of this paper was to review the state of the art of radiomics/TA when it is applied to the imaging of metastatic melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Guerrisi
- Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Department of Clinic and Dermatological Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Loi
- Medical Physics and Expert Systems Laboratory, Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri -Regina Elena Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Ungania
- Medical Physics and Expert Systems Laboratory, Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri -Regina Elena Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Russillo
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Department of Clinic and Cancer Research, Regina Elena Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vicente Bruzzaniti
- Medical Physics and Expert Systems Laboratory, Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri -Regina Elena Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fulvia Elia
- Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Department of Clinic and Dermatological Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Flora Desiderio
- Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Department of Clinic and Dermatological Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Marconi
- Medical Physics and Expert Systems Laboratory, Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri -Regina Elena Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Solivetti
- Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Department of Clinic and Dermatological Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lidia Strigari
- Medical Physics and Expert Systems Laboratory, Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri -Regina Elena Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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18
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D'Andrea MA, Reddy GK. Extracranial systemic antitumor response through the abscopal effect induced by brain radiation in a patient with metastatic melanoma. Radiat Oncol J 2019; 37:302-308. [PMID: 31918469 PMCID: PMC6952716 DOI: 10.3857/roj.2019.00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The abscopal effect is a term that has been used to describe the phenomenon in which localized radiation therapy treatment of a tumor lesion triggers a spontaneous regression of metastatic lesion(s) at a non-irradiated distant site(s). Radiation therapy induced abscopal effects are believed to be mediated by activation and stimulation of the immune system. However, due to the brain's distinctive immune microenvironment, extracranial abscopal responses following cranial radiation therapy have rarely been reported. In this report, we describe the case of 42-year-old female patient with metastatic melanoma who experienced an abscopal response following her cranial radiation therapy for her brain metastasis. The patient initially presented with a stage III melanoma of the right upper skin of her back. Approximately 5 years after her diagnosis, the patient developed a large metastatic lesion in her upper right pectoral region of her chest wall and axilla. Since the patient's tumor was positive for BRAF and MEK, targeted therapy with dabrafenib and trametinib was initiated. However, the patient experienced central nervous system (CNS) symptoms such as headache and disequilibrium and developed brain metastases prior to the start of targeted therapy. The patient received radiation therapy to a dose of 30 Gy delivered in 15 fractions to her brain lesions while the patient was on dabrafenib and trametinib therapy. The patient's CNS metastases improved significantly within weeks of her therapy. The patient's non-irradiated large extracranial chest mass and axilla mass also shrank substantially demonstrating the abscopal effect during her CNS radiation therapy. Following radiation therapy of her residual chest lesions, the patient was disease free clinically and her CNS lesions had regressed. However, when the radiation therapy ended and the patient continued her targeted therapy alone, recurrence outside of her previously treated fields was noted. The disease recurrence could be due to the possibility of developing BRAF resistance clones to the BRAF targeted therapy. The patient died eventually due to wide spread systemic disease recurrence despite targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G K Reddy
- University Cancer and Diagnostic Centers, Houston, TX, USA
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19
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Wu M, Wang Y, Xu Y, Zhu J, Lv C, Sun M, Guo R, Xia Y, Zhang W, Xue C. Indirect comparison between immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies for the treatment of melanoma. J Cancer 2019; 10:6114-6123. [PMID: 31762821 PMCID: PMC6856565 DOI: 10.7150/jca.32638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to provide comparative and quantitative data about immune checkpoint inhibitor (IMM) and targeted therapy (TAR) in this work. Methods: A literature search was performed with PubMed, Embase, PMC database, and Web of Science databases to identify relevant studies. Hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), and odds ratios (ORs) for overall response rate (ORR) were estimated. Results: Eighteen manuscripts were ultimately utilized for indirect comparisons. In general, both TAR and IMM can prolong the PFS either by monotherapy, combination therapy with chemotherapy or adjuvant therapy. BRAF inhibitor monotherapy showed superiority over anti-CTLA-4 in OS (HR: 1.28, 95%CI: 0.93-1.75) and best ORR (OR: 12.57, 95%CI: 6.63-23.82), as well as longer PFS (HR: 1.63, 95%CI: 1.00-2.67) and higher best ORR (OR: 3.29, 95%CI: 1.94-5.55) compared with anti-PD-1. However, MEK inhibitor monotherapy showed no priority. When combined with chemotherapy, anti-CTLA-4 showed marginally advantages over MEK inhibitor in OS (HR: 0.68, 95%CI: 0.44-1.03), however no advantage in PFS (HR: 1.12, 95%CI: 0.76-1.64), or ORR (OR: 1.78, 95%CI: 0.70-4.49). For post-operational melanoma patient, adjuvant TAR and adjuvant IMM showed no difference in OS (HR: 1.14, 95%CI: 0.82-1.58) or PFS (HR: 1.20, 95%CI: 0.79-1.83). Moreover, the high-rate adverse events and underlying diseases should be considered during the application of those agents. Conclusions: For the unresectable late-stage melanoma, IMM may be a better choice for the combined treatment with chemotherapy. If the chemotherapy is not tolerable for patients, BRAFi involved TAR can be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minliang Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuchong Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yalong Xu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ji Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chuan Lv
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mengyan Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunyu Xue
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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20
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Consoli F, Bersanelli M, Perego G, Grisanti S, Merelli B, Berruti A, Petrelli F. Network indirect comparison of 3 BRAF + MEK inhibitors for the treatment of advanced BRAF mutated melanoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:900-907. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Gonçalves JP, Potrich FB, Ferreira Dos Santos ML, Costa Gagosian VS, Rodrigues Rossi G, Jacomasso T, Mendes A, Bonciani Nader H, Brochado Winnischofer SM, Trindade ES, Camargo De Oliveira C. In vitro attenuation of classic metastatic melanoma‑related features by highly diluted natural complexes: Molecular and functional analyses. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:721-732. [PMID: 31364728 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is responsible for the majority of deaths among patients with malignant melanoma. Despite recent advances, the majority of current and modern therapies are ineffective and/or financially unfeasible. Thus, in this study, we investigated two low‑cost highly‑diluted natural complexes (HDNCs) that have been shown to be effective against malignant melanoma in a murine model in vivo. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms through which these HDNCs directly affect melanoma cells, either alone or in an artificial tumor microenvironment, suppressing the metastatic phenotype, thus explaining previous in vivo effects. For this purpose, HDNC in vitro treatments of B16‑F10 melanoma cells, alone or in co‑culture with Balb/3T3 fibroblasts, were carried out. Molecular biology techniques and standard functional assays were used to assess the changes in molecule expression and in cell behaviors related to the metastatic phenotype. Melanoma progression features were found to be regulated by HDNCs. Molecules related to cell adhesion (N‑cadherin, β1‑integrin and CD44), and migration, extracellular matrix remodeling and angiogenesis were modulated. The cell migratory, invasive and clonogenic capacities were reduced by the HDNCs. No loss of cell proliferation or viability were observed. On the whole, the findings of this study indicate that HDNCs directly reprogram, molecularly and functionally, melanoma cells in vitro, modulating their metastatic phenotype. Such findings are likely to be responsible for the attenuation of tumor growth and lung colonization previously observed in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Pendiuk Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells/Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, CEP 81530‑980 Curitiba‑PR, Brazil
| | - Francine Bittencourt Potrich
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells/Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, CEP 81530‑980 Curitiba‑PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Ferreira Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells/Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, CEP 81530‑980 Curitiba‑PR, Brazil
| | - Viviana Stephanie Costa Gagosian
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells/Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, CEP 81530‑980 Curitiba‑PR, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Rodrigues Rossi
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells/Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, CEP 81530‑980 Curitiba‑PR, Brazil
| | - Thiago Jacomasso
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells/Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, CEP 81530‑980 Curitiba‑PR, Brazil
| | - Aline Mendes
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo ‑ SP 04023‑062, Brazil
| | - Helena Bonciani Nader
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo ‑ SP 04023‑062, Brazil
| | - Sheila Maria Brochado Winnischofer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, CEP 81530‑980 Curitiba‑PR, Brazil
| | - Edvaldo S Trindade
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells/Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, CEP 81530‑980 Curitiba‑PR, Brazil
| | - Carolina Camargo De Oliveira
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells/Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, CEP 81530‑980 Curitiba‑PR, Brazil
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Abstract
Immunomodulatory antibodies that directly trigger and reawaken suppressed T-cell effector function are termed 'checkpoint inhibitors'. CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 molecules are the most studied inhibitory immune check points against cancer and because of this therapeutic property have entered the clinic for treating a variety of tumor types. The results so far demonstrate a positive impact on cancer remission. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that targeting a number of other T-cell surface molecules including both positive and negative immune regulators, also possesses strong antitumor activity. Some of these molecules have already entered clinical trials. In this report, we briefly highlight the status of these immune checkpoint inhibitors and discuss their side effects and future directions for their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dass S Vinay
- Section of Clinical Immunology, Allergy & Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Byoung S Kwon
- Section of Clinical Immunology, Allergy & Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.,Eutilex Institute for Biomedical Research, Suite #1401 Daeryung Technotown 17, Gasan digital 1-ro 25, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul Korea
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23
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Ailanthone Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Melanoma B16 and A375 Cells. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9070275. [PMID: 31336757 PMCID: PMC6681521 DOI: 10.3390/biom9070275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most lethal type of skin cancer. Previous studies have shown that ailanthone has potent antitumor activity in a variety of cell lines. However, the anti-tumor effect of ailanthone on malignant melanoma remains unclear. To investigate the anti-tumor mechanisms of ailanthone in human melanoma B16 and mouse melanoma A375 cells, the cell counting kit-8 assay, colony formation assay, DNA content analysis, Hoechst 33258, and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining were used to assess cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, and cell apoptosis, respectively. Western blotting was performed to evaluate the expression of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related proteins and regulatory molecules. The results showed that ailanthone significantly inhibited melanoma B16 and A375 cell proliferation as well as remarkably induced cell cycle arrest at the G0–G1 phase in B16 cells and the G2–M phase in A375 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Further investigation revealed that ailanthone promoted the expression of p21 and suppressed the expression of cyclin E in B16 cells or cyclin B in A375 cells through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. In addition, ailanthone induced B16 and A375 cell apoptosis via a caspase-dependent mechanism. Further studies showed that ailanthone remarkably downregulated Bcl-2 and upregulated Apaf-1 and Bax, and subsequently increased mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and released cytochrome c from the mitochondria in B16 cells and A375 cells. Taken together, ailanthone induces cell cycle arrest via the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway as well as cell apoptosis via the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway. Ailanthone may be potentially utilized as an anti-tumor agent in the management of malignant melanoma.
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Castro DTH, Campos JF, Damião MJ, Torquato HFV, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Carollo CA, Rodrigues EG, de Picoli Souza K, dos Santos EL. Ethanolic Extract of Senna velutina Roots: Chemical Composition, In Vitro and In Vivo Antitumor Effects, and B16F10-Nex2 Melanoma Cell Death Mechanisms. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5719483. [PMID: 31285786 PMCID: PMC6594258 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5719483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is among the most aggressive types of cancer, and its rate of occurrence increases every year. Current pharmacological treatments for melanoma are not completely effective, requiring the identification of new drugs. As an alternative, plant-derived natural compounds are described as promising sources of new anticancer drugs. In this context, the objectives of this study were to identify the chemical composition of the ethanolic extract of Senna velutina roots (ESVR), to assess its in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects on melanoma cells, and to characterize its mechanisms of action. For these purposes, the chemical constituents were identified by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. The in vitro activity of the extract was assessed in the B16F10-Nex2 melanoma cell line using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and based on the apoptotic cell count; DNA fragmentation; necrostatin-1 inhibition; intracellular calcium, pan-caspase, and caspase-3 activation; reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels; and cell cycle arrest. The in vivo activity of the extract was assessed in models of tumor volume progression and pulmonary nodule formation in C57Bl/6 mice. The chemical composition results showed that ESVR contains flavonoid derivatives of the catechin, anthraquinone, and piceatannol groups. The extract reduced B16F10-Nex2 cell viability and promoted apoptotic cell death as well as caspase-3 activation, with increased intracellular calcium and ROS levels as well as cell cycle arrest at the sub-G0/G1 phase. In vivo, the tumor volume progression and pulmonary metastasis of ESVR-treated mice decreased over 50%. Combined, these results show that ESVR had in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects, predominantly by apoptosis, thus demonstrating its potential as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of melanoma and other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tsuyoshi Hiramatsu Castro
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism (GEBBAM), Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, CEP: 79804-970 MS, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Ferreira Campos
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism (GEBBAM), Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, CEP: 79804-970 MS, Brazil
| | - Marcio José Damião
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism (GEBBAM), Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, CEP: 79804-970 MS, Brazil
| | | | - Edgar Julian Paredes-Gamero
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP: 04044-020, SP, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, CEP: 79070-900, MS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Carollo
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, CEP: 79070-900 MS, Brazil
| | - Elaine Guadelupe Rodrigues
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, CEP: 04023-062 SP, Brazil
| | - Kely de Picoli Souza
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism (GEBBAM), Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, CEP: 79804-970 MS, Brazil
| | - Edson Lucas dos Santos
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism (GEBBAM), Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, CEP: 79804-970 MS, Brazil
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Melanom. MEDIKAMENTÖSE TUMORTHERAPIE IN DER DERMATO-ONKOLOGIE 2019. [PMCID: PMC7121576 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-58012-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Das Melanom ist der gefährlichste Hautkrebs mit der höchsten Sterblichkeitsrate, der schon bei jungen Menschen auftreten kann und seit Jahrzehnten steigende Inzidenz verzeichnet (Jemal et al. 2007; Little et al. 2012). Jährlich erkranken weltweit etwa 137.000 Menschen am Melanom und 37.000 versterben an der Erkrankung (Boyle et al. 2004). Die Inzidenz liegt weltweit jährlich bei 2,3–2,6/100.000 Einwohner (Pisani et al. 2002). In Deutschland beträgt die Inzidenz 19,2/100.000 Einwohner und es verstarben 2711 Betroffene im Jahre 2010 (Statistisches Bundesamt).
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Lee HM, Okuda KS, González FE, Patel V. Current Perspectives on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1164:11-34. [PMID: 31576537 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-22254-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Of the ~129,079 new cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and 72,987 associated deaths estimated for 2018, the majority will be geographically localized to South East Asia, and likely to show an upward trend annually. It is thought that disparities in dietary habits, lifestyle, and exposures to harmful environmental factors are likely the root cause of NPC incidence rates to differ geographically. Genetic differences due to ethnicity and the Epstein Barr virus (EBV) are likely contributing factors. Pertinently, NPC is associated with poor prognosis which is largely attributed to lack of awareness of the salient symptoms of NPC. These include nose hemorrhage and headaches and coupled with detection and the limited therapeutic options. Treatment options include radiotherapy or chemotherapy or combination of both. Surgical excision is generally the last option considered for advanced and metastatic disease, given the close proximity of nasopharynx to brain stem cell area, major blood vessels, and nerves. To improve outcome of NPC patients, novel cellular and in vivo systems are needed to allow an understanding of the underling molecular events causal for NPC pathogenesis and for identifying novel therapeutic targets and effective therapies. While challenges and gaps in current NPC research are noted, some advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies targeting EBV NPCs are discussed in this chapter, which may offer improvements in outcome of NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Mei Lee
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kazuhida Shaun Okuda
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Fermín E González
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Cancer, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vyomesh Patel
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Brunner G, Heinecke A, Falk TM, Ertas B, Blödorn-Schlicht N, Schulze HJ, Suter L, Atzpodien J, Berking C. A Prognostic Gene Signature Expressed in Primary Cutaneous Melanoma: Synergism With Conventional Staging. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2018; 2:pky032. [PMID: 31360859 PMCID: PMC6649804 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pky032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current clinico-pathological American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging of primary cutaneous melanoma is limited in its ability to determine clinical outcome, and complementary biomarkers are not available for routine prognostic assessment. We therefore adapted a gene signature, previously identified in fresh-frozen (FF) melanomas and adjacent stroma, to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) melanomas. The aim was to develop a gene expression profiling (GEP) score to define patient survival probability at the time of first diagnosis. Methods Expression of 11 FF melanoma signature genes was quantified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in an FFPE melanoma training cohort (n = 125), corresponding to the combined FF melanoma training and validation cohorts. The resulting GEP score was validated technically and clinically in an independent FFPE melanoma cohort (n = 211). All statistical tests were two-sided. Results We identified a prognostic eight-gene signature in the tumor area (tumor and adjacent tissue) of AJCC stage I–III melanomas. A signature-based GEP score correlated with melanoma-specific survival (MSS; Kaplan-Meier analysis: P < .0001) was independent of tumor stage (multivariable regression analysis: P = .0032) and stroma content (<5%–90%) and complemented conventional AJCC staging (receiver operating characteristic curve analysis: area under the curve = 0.91). In the clinical validation cohort, the GEP score remained statistically significant (P = .0131) in a multivariable analysis accounting for conventional staging. The GEP score was technically robust (reproducibility: 93%; n = 84) and clinically useful, as a binary as well as a continuous score, in predicting stage-specific patient MSS. Conclusions The GEP score is a clinically significant prognostic tool, contributes additional information regarding the MSS of melanoma patients, and complements conventional staging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Achim Heinecke
- Department of Biometry and Clinical Research, Westphalian Wilhelms University, Muenster, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jens Atzpodien
- Department of Medical Oncology, Niels Stensen Clinics, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Carola Berking
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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Hernandez B, Adissu HA, Wei BR, Michael HT, Merlino G, Simpson RM. Naturally Occurring Canine Melanoma as a Predictive Comparative Oncology Model for Human Mucosal and Other Triple Wild-Type Melanomas. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E394. [PMID: 29385676 PMCID: PMC5855616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma remains mostly an untreatable fatal disease despite advances in decoding cancer genomics and developing new therapeutic modalities. Progress in patient care would benefit from additional predictive models germane for human disease mechanisms, tumor heterogeneity, and therapeutic responses. Toward this aim, this review documents comparative aspects of human and naturally occurring canine melanomas. Clinical presentation, pathology, therapies, and genetic alterations are highlighted in the context of current basic and translational research in comparative oncology. Somewhat distinct from sun exposure-related human cutaneous melanomas, there is growing evidence that a variety of gene copy number alterations and protein structure/function mutations play roles in canine melanomas, in circumstances more analogous to human mucosal melanomas and to some extent other melanomas with murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF), Neuroblastoma RAS Viral (V-Ras) Oncogene Homolog (NRAS), and neurofibromin 1 tumor suppressor NF1 triple wild-type genotype. Gaps in canine genome annotation, as well as an insufficient number and depth of sequences covered, remain considerable barriers to progress and should be collectively addressed. Preclinical approaches can be designed to include canine clinical trials addressing immune modulation as well as combined-targeted inhibition of Rat Sarcoma Superfamily/Mitogen-activated protein kinase (RAS/MAPK) and/or Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B/Mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signal transduction, pathways frequently activated in both human and canine melanomas. Future investment should be aimed towards improving understanding of canine melanoma as a predictive preclinical surrogate for human melanoma and for mutually benefiting these uniquely co-dependent species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belen Hernandez
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
- Medical Research Scholars Program, Office of Clinical Research Training and Medical Education, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Hibret A Adissu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Bih-Rong Wei
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21704, USA.
| | - Helen T Michael
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
- NIH Comparative Biomedical Scientist Training Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Glenn Merlino
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - R Mark Simpson
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Minutilli E, Feliciani C. Adjuvant Therapy for Resected Stage III Melanoma Patients: High-Dose Interferon-Alpha versus Ipilimumab Combined with Kinases Inhibitors. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 98:185-90. [DOI: 10.1177/030089161209800202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
High-dose interferon-alpha remains the first-line treatment in the adjuvant therapy of metastatic melanoma. More recently, high-dose pegylated interferon-alpha-2b has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Actually, an adjuvant therapy alternative to high-dose interferon-alpha is represented by ipilimumab. Moreover, combination therapy of IFN-alpha or ipilimumab with tyrosine kinase inhibitors has been proved in patients with specific mutations. It is mandatory to understand what the best adjuvant treatment is for resected metastatic melanoma patients, particularly at stage III-N1, in terms of overall survival rather than recurrence-free survival. The ECOG 1609 clinical trial compared high-dose interferon-alpha and ipilimumab alone or combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of early metastatic melanoma. In the past, ECOG 1684, 1690 and 1694 trials showed improvement in recurrence-free survival more than overall survival for high-risk melanoma patients (stage IIB-III) treated with high-dose interferon-alpha, whereas more recently the EORTC 18991 trial reported successful therapeutic results in terms of recurrence-free survival rather than overall survival for stage III-N1 melanoma patients treated with high-dose pegylated interferon-alpha-2b. Toxicity was more acceptable within one year of treatment. Randomized trials have demonstrated that ipilimumab as second-line therapy is able to increase dose-dependent overall survival rates in advanced melanoma patients despite severe but reversible immune-related adverse events. Old tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been used in combination with interferon for the treatment of advanced melanoma patients with moderate benefits and increased toxicity, but new selective drugs seem to be more efficacious. Early metastatic melanoma patients (stage III-N1) should be the principal subset to be treated with the most suitable adjuvant therapy to achieve the best overall survival. New schedules have to be tested with high-dose interferon-alpha and ipilimumab alone or combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors while waiting for results from ECOG 1609.
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Primary malignant melanoma of the urinary bladder: clinical, morphological, and molecular analysis of five cases. Melanoma Res 2018; 26:616-624. [PMID: 27603550 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical and morphological features of primary malignant melanomas of the urinary bladder. We obtained information on five such cases from three different institutions. These were three men and two women between 52 and 76 years of age. Three tumors presented with hematuria, one with dysuria, and one was discovered incidentally on imaging studies. All were invasive to muscularis propria on transuretral resections performed for diagnosis. Neoplastic cells showed variable patterns (large cell epithelioid, small cell diffuse, storiform, or mixed) in different tumors. Pigmentation was prominent in all except one case. Each case was labeled diffusely for S-100, HMB-45, and Melan-A. Pan-cytokeratin showed a perinuclear dot-like reaction in two tumors. Three cases showed the BRAF mutation in molecular studies. Two patients were already metastatic at the time of diagnosis. Two patients died, one is alive with disease after 15 months, and two patients are disease free at 1 and 5 years of surveillance.
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Selective Internal Yttrium-90 Radioembolization Therapy (90Y-SIRT) Versus Best Supportive Care in Patients With Unresectable Metastatic Melanoma to the Liver Refractory to Systemic Therapy: Safety and Efficacy Cohort Study. Am J Clin Oncol 2017; 40:27-34. [PMID: 25089529 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate survival, efficacy, and safety of selective internal yttrium-90 radioembolization therapy (Y-SIRT) in patients with unresectable metastatic melanoma (MM) to liver refractory to systemic therapy. METHODS An IRB-approved retrospective review of 58 patients diagnosed with unresectable MM to the liver, refractory to systemic therapy, between February 2003 and March 2012 was conducted. Of these, 28 received resin-based Y-SIRT (group A), and 30 patients received best supportive care (group B). Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS Groups A and B were similar for the Child-Pugh class, ECOG scores, age, sex, and race. Median overall survival (OS) from diagnosis of primary melanoma in groups A and B were 119.9 and 26.1 months, respectively (P<0.001). Median OS from hepatic metastasis in groups A and B were 19.9 and 4.8 months, respectively (P<0.0001). In group A, median OS from hepatic metastasis in the Child-Pugh A, B, and C patients was 37.7, 4.2, and 3.6 months, respectively (P<0.001). In group B, median OS from hepatic metastasis in the Child-Pugh A, B, and C patients was 7.8, 4.2, and 1.9 months, respectively (P=0.04). Within group A, median OS from first Y-SIRT was 10.1 months; median OS of the Child-Pugh A, B, and C patients from first Y-SIRT was 10.3, 1.2, and 0.9 months, respectively (P=0.04). Median OS from first Y-SIRT was significantly greater in the absence of diffuse (>10) liver metastases (15.1 vs. 4.7 mo, P=0.02), and in the absence of extrahepatic metastases (21.3 vs. 8.6 mo, P<0.001). Common clinical toxicities following Y-SIRT included abdominal pain (17.9%), fatigue (14.3%), and self-limiting grade III bilirubin toxicity (10.7%). CONCLUSION For patients with unresectable MM to the liver refractory to systemic therapy, resin-based Y was associated with longer survival from liver metastases than best supportive care. Child-Pugh A patients with <10 metastatic lesions and absence of extrahepatic metastases demonstrated greatest survival following Y-SIRT.
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Flem-Karlsen K, Tekle C, Andersson Y, Flatmark K, Fodstad Ø, Nunes-Xavier CE. Immunoregulatory protein B7-H3 promotes growth and decreases sensitivity to therapy in metastatic melanoma cells. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2017; 30:467-476. [PMID: 28513992 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
B7-H3 (CD276) belongs to the B7 family of immunoregulatory proteins and has been implicated in cancer progression and metastasis. In this study, we found that metastatic melanoma cells with knockdown expression of B7-H3 showed modest decrease in proliferation and glycolytic capacity and were more sensitive to dacarbazine (DTIC) chemotherapy and small-molecule inhibitors targeting MAP kinase (MAPK) and AKT/mTOR pathways: vemurafenib (PLX4032; BRAF inhibitor), binimetinib (MEK-162; MEK inhibitor), everolimus (RAD001; mTOR inhibitor), and triciribidine (API-2; AKT inhibitor). Similar effects were observed in melanoma cells in the presence of an inhibitory B7-H3 monoclonal antibody, while the opposite was seen in B7-H3-overexpressing cells. Further, combining B7-H3 inhibition with small-molecule inhibitors resulted in significantly increased antiproliferative effect in melanoma cells, as well as in BRAFV600E mutated cell lines derived from patient biopsies. Our findings indicate that targeting B7-H3 may be a novel alternative to improve current therapy of metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Flem-Karlsen
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christina Tekle
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yvonne Andersson
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti Flatmark
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Fodstad
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Caroline E Nunes-Xavier
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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Eigentler TK, Mühlenbein C, Follmann M, Schadendorf D, Garbe C. S3-Leitlinie Diagnostik, Therapie und Nachsorge des Melanoms - Update 2015/2016, Kurzversion 2.0. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2017; 15:e1-e41. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ronco C, Millet A, Plaisant M, Abbe P, Hamouda-Tekaya N, Rocchi S, Benhida R. Structure activity relationship and optimization of N-(3-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)aryl)benzenesulfonamides as anti-cancer compounds against sensitive and resistant cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2192-2196. [PMID: 28372910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We recently described a new family of bioactive molecules with interesting anti-cancer activities: the N-(4-(3-aminophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)acetamides. The lead compound of the series (1) displays significant anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activities against a panel of cancer cell lines, either sensitive or resistant to standard treatments. This molecule also shows a good pharmacological profile and high in vivo potency towards mice xenografts, without signs of toxicity on the animals. In the present article, we disclose the structure-activity relationships of this lead compound, which have provided clear information about the replacement of the acetamide function and the substitution pattern of the benzenesulfonamide ring. An improved high-yielding synthetic procedure towards these compounds has also been developed. Our drug design resulted in potency enhancement of 1, our new optimized lead compound being 19. These findings are of great interest to further improve this scaffold for the development of future clinical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Ronco
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR7272, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Antoine Millet
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR7272, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Magali Plaisant
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Equipe Biologie et Pathologie des cellules mélanocytaires: de la pigmentation cutanée au mélanome, 151 Route de Saint-Antoine, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Patricia Abbe
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Equipe Biologie et Pathologie des cellules mélanocytaires: de la pigmentation cutanée au mélanome, 151 Route de Saint-Antoine, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Nedra Hamouda-Tekaya
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Equipe Biologie et Pathologie des cellules mélanocytaires: de la pigmentation cutanée au mélanome, 151 Route de Saint-Antoine, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Stéphane Rocchi
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Equipe Biologie et Pathologie des cellules mélanocytaires: de la pigmentation cutanée au mélanome, 151 Route de Saint-Antoine, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Rachid Benhida
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR7272, 06108 Nice, France.
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Ellens H, Johnson M, Lawrence SK, Watson C, Chen L, Richards-Peterson LE. Prediction of the Transporter-Mediated Drug-Drug Interaction Potential of Dabrafenib and Its Major Circulating Metabolites. Drug Metab Dispos 2017; 45:646-656. [PMID: 28320730 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.073932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib was recently approved for the treatment of certain BRAF V600 mutation-positive tumors, either alone or in combination therapy with the mitogen-activated extracellular signal regulated kinase 1 (MEK1) and MEK2 inhibitor, trametinib. This article presents the dabrafenib transporter-mediated drug-drug interaction (DDI) risk assessment, which is currently an important part of drug development, regulatory submission, and drug registration. Dabrafenib and its major circulating metabolites (hydroxy-, carboxy-, and desmethyl-dabrafenib) were investigated as inhibitors of the clinically relevant transporters P-gp, BCRP, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OCT2, OAT1, and OAT3. The DDI Guidance risk assessment decision criteria for inhibition of BCRP, OATP1B1 and OAT3 were slightly exceeded and therefore a minor DDI effect resulting from inhibition of these transporters remained possible. Biliary secretion is the major excretion pathway of dabrafenib-related material (71.1% of orally administered radiolabeled dose recovered in feces), whereas urinary excretion was observed as well (22.7% of the dose). In vitro uptake into human hepatocytes of the dabrafenib metabolites, but not of dabrafenib parent compound, was mediated, at least in part, by hepatic uptake transporters. The transporters responsible for uptake of the pharmacologically active hydroxy- and desmethyl dabrafenib could not be identified, whereas carboxy-dabrafenib was a substrate of several OATPs. Dabrafenib, hydroxy-, and desmethyl-dabrafenib were substrates of P-gp and BCRP, whereas carboxy-dabrafenib was not. Although a small increase in exposure to carboxy-dabrafenib upon inhibition of OATPs and an increase in exposure to desmethyl-dabrafenib upon inhibition of P-gp or BCRP cannot be excluded, the clinical significance of such increases is likely to be low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harma Ellens
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marta Johnson
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah K Lawrence
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cory Watson
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
| | - Liangfu Chen
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
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Immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies for metastatic melanoma: A network meta-analysis. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 54:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Diamantopoulos P, Gogas H. Melanoma immunotherapy dominates the field. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:269. [PMID: 27563656 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.06.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of melanoma is increasing worldwide and despite early detection and intervention, the number of patients dying from metastatic disease continues to rise. The prognosis of advanced melanoma remains poor, with median survival between 6 and 9 months. Over the past 30 years and despite extensive clinical research, the treatment options for metastatic disease were limited and melanoma is still considered as one of the most therapy-resistant malignancies. Single-agent and combination chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, biochemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted agent therapy and combination regimens failed to show a significant improvement in overall survival (OS). Recent advances and in-depth understanding of the biology of melanoma, have contributed to the development of new agents. Based on the molecular and immunological background of the disease, these new drugs have shown benefit in overall and progression-free survival (PFS). As the picture of the disease begins to change, oncologists need to alter their approach to melanoma treatment and consider disease biology together with targeted individualized treatment. In this review the authors attempt to offer an insight in the present and past melanoma treatment options, with a focus on the recently approved immunotherapeutic agents and the clinical perspectives of these new weapons against metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Diamantopoulos
- 1 Department of Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Gogas
- 1 Department of Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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DNA methylation contributes toward silencing of antioncogenic microRNA-203 in human and canine melanoma cells. Melanoma Res 2016. [PMID: 26225581 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a poor-prognosis cancer in both humans and dogs. We have elucidated the antitumor mechanisms of antioncogenic microRNA (miR)-203 which is downregulated in human melanoma, as well as in canine melanoma. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism of this downregulation. We focused on epigenetic aberration of miR-203 transcription. Treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycitidine (5-aza) markedly upregulated the expression level of miR-203 in almost all of the cell lines tested. Furthermore, bisulfite sequencing or methylation-specific PCR showed DNA methylation of CpG islands upstream of the miR-203 coding region (MIR203) in both human and canine melanoma cells, as well as in canine clinical specimens, but not in human normal melanocytes. The results of a luciferase activity assay showed obvious suppression of the transcription of miR-203 by DNA methylation. The use of the luciferase activity assay for CREB1 and an inhibition assay of miR-203 function performed with an miR-203 inhibitor confirmed the contribution of miR-203 upregulation toward the negative regulation of the target gene of miR-203. These results indicate that canine melanoma might be a preclinical model of human melanoma for epigenetic studies. In addition, this study suggests that agents that can demethylate MIR203 could be a common promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of human and canine melanomas.
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Targeted next generation sequencing of parotid gland cancer uncovers genetic heterogeneity. Oncotarget 2016; 6:18224-37. [PMID: 26053092 PMCID: PMC4627247 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland cancer represents a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors. Due to their low incidence and the existence of multiple morphologically defined subtypes, these tumors are still poorly understood with regard to their molecular pathogenesis and therapeutically relevant genetic alterations. Performing a systematic and comprehensive study covering 13 subtypes of salivary gland cancer, next generation sequencing was done on 84 tissue samples of parotid gland cancer using multiplex PCR for enrichment of cancer related gene loci covering hotspots of 46 cancer genes. Mutations were identified in 22 different genes. The most frequent alterations affected TP53, followed by RAS genes, PIK3CA, SMAD4 and members of the ERB family. HRAS mutations accounted for more than 90% of RAS mutations, occurring especially in epithelial-myoepithelial carcinomas and salivary duct carcinomas. Additional mutations in PIK3CA also affected particularly epithelial-myoepithelial carcinomas and salivary duct carcinomas, occurring simultaneously with HRAS mutations in almost all cases, pointing to an unknown and therapeutically relevant molecular constellation. Interestingly, 14% of tumors revealed mutations in surface growth factor receptor genes including ALK, HER2, ERBB4, FGFR, cMET and RET, which might prove to be targetable by new therapeutic agents. 6% of tumors revealed mutations in SMAD4. In summary, our data provide novel insight into the fundamental molecular heterogeneity of salivary gland cancer, relevant in terms of tumor classification and the establishment of targeted therapeutic concepts.
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Szabo A, Fekete T, Koncz G, Kumar BV, Pazmandi K, Foldvari Z, Hegedus B, Garay T, Bacsi A, Rajnavolgyi E, Lanyi A. RIG-I inhibits the MAPK-dependent proliferation of BRAF mutant melanoma cells via MKP-1. Cell Signal 2016; 28:335-347. [PMID: 26829212 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRAF-mutant melanoma is characterized by aggressive metastatic potential and therapeutic resistance. The innate immune receptor RIG-I has emerged as a potential target in melanoma therapies but the contributing pathways involved in anti-cancer activity are poorly characterized. METHODS Baseline and ATRA-induced expression of RIG-I in nine (3 wild type and 6 BRAF-mutant) melanoma cell lines was measured with Q-PCR and Western blot. Ligand-specific stimulation of RIG-I was detected by Q-PCR and ELISA. Activation of the RIG-I-coupled IRF3, NF-κB and MAPK pathways was tested with protein array and Western blot. Cell proliferation and apoptosis was monitored by flow cytometry and cell counting. Down modulation of MKP-1 expression in melanoma cells was performed by specific siRNA. RESULTS Short-term ATRA pre-treatment increases the expression of RIG-I in BRAF-mutant melanoma cells. Specific activation of RIG-I by 5'ppp-dsRNA leads to increased activity of the IRF3-IFNβ pathway but does not influence NF-κB signaling. RIG-I mediates the targeted dephosphorylation of several MAPKs (p38, RSK1, GSK-3α/β, HSP27) via the endogenous regulator MKP-1 resulting in decreased melanoma cell proliferation. CONCLUSION RIG-I has the potential to exert anticancer activity in BRAF-mutant melanoma via controlling IFNβ production and MAPK signaling. This is the first study showing that RIG-I activation results in MKP-1-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation via controlling the p38-HSP27, c-Jun and rpS6 pathways thus identifying RIG-I and MKP-1 as novel and promising therapeutical targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Szabo
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Department of Bioengineering, Miercurea-Ciuc, Romania.
| | - Tunde Fekete
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabor Koncz
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Department of Bioengineering, Miercurea-Ciuc, Romania
| | - Brahma V Kumar
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Kitti Pazmandi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Foldvari
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balazs Hegedus
- 2nd Institute of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Molecular Oncology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamas Garay
- 2nd Institute of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Molecular Oncology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Bacsi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Department of Bioengineering, Miercurea-Ciuc, Romania
| | - Eva Rajnavolgyi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Department of Bioengineering, Miercurea-Ciuc, Romania
| | - Arpad Lanyi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Department of Bioengineering, Miercurea-Ciuc, Romania
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Rovere RK, de Souza MEP, Cidral DLDM, Hilgert SF, Ddine YRC, Stein CE, Borges GS, de Lima AS. Melanoma patterns of distant relapse: a study of 108 cases from a South Brazilian center. An Bras Dermatol 2016; 91:40-3. [PMID: 26982777 PMCID: PMC4782645 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20163722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of cutaneous melanoma has increased over the last decades. Recurrences occur most frequently within the first 2-3 years after diagnosis but patients carry a lifelong risk of relapse. Nevertheless, there is no consensus in the literature on what screening tests patients should undergo. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the most common melanoma metastasis sites among a South Brazilian population from a city with one of the highest melanoma rates, and establish the best screening method for these patients. METHODS A cross-sectional retrospective study of 108 consecutive melanoma patients followed up at a center from 2009 to 2013. Data were collected on demographic and tumoral characteristics, as well as the site of the first diagnosed metastasis. RESULTS Patients were divided into 3 groups for analytical purposes: Non-visceral metastases (48% of patients), visceral metastasis (39%) and brain metastasis (13%). We tried to correlate age, gender, mean Breslow thickness, mitosis and death rates with the aforementioned groups but none showed any statistically significant association. CONCLUSION Melanoma patients must be monitored to detect early relapse and subsequent effective treatment but the best follow-up strategy remains to be established.
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Components in aqueous Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flower extract inhibit in vitro melanoma cell growth. J Tradit Complement Med 2016; 7:45-49. [PMID: 28053887 PMCID: PMC5198834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is extremely common, and melanoma causes about 80% of skin cancer deaths. In fact, melanoma kills over 50 thousand people around the world each year, and these numbers are rising. Clearly, standard treatments are not effectively treating melanoma, and alternative therapies are needed to address this problem. Hibiscus tea has been noted to have medicinal properties, including anticancer effects. Extracts from Hibiscus have been shown to inhibit the growth of a variety of cancer cells. In particular, recent studies found that polyphenols extracted from Hibiscus sabdariffa by organic solvents can inhibit melanoma cell growth. However, effects of aqueous extracts from Hibiscus rosa-sinesis flowers, which are commonly used to make traditional medicinal beverages, have not been examined on melanoma cells. Here, we report that aqueous H. rosa-sinesis flower extract contains compounds that inhibit melanoma cell growth in a dose dependent manner at concentrations that did not affect the growth of nontransformed cells. In addition, these extracts contain low molecular weight growth inhibitory compounds below 3 kD in size that combine with larger compounds to more effectively inhibit melanoma cell growth. Future work should identify these compounds, and evaluate their potential to prevent and treat melanoma and other cancers.
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Hao M, Zhao G, Du X, Yang Y, Yang J. Clinical characteristics and prognostic indicators for metastatic melanoma: data from 446 patients in north China. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10339-48. [PMID: 26846098 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4914-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is an extremely rare tumor in Asia. This retrospective study aimed to identify the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of metastatic melanoma patients at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital over the last 30 years. Survival analysis was performed with Kaplan-Meier, log-rank test, and multivariate Cox regression method using SPSS 19.0 software. The 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates of metastatic melanoma patients were 52, 32, and 16 %, respectively. Median overall survival (OS) was 13.5 months, median progression-free survival (PFS) 9.0 months, and median disease-free survival 20.3 months. Furthermore, patients with a single metastatic site achieved better OS and PFS than those with two or more metastatic lesions (OS 21.6 vs. 8.9 months, P < 0.001; PFS 11.3 vs. 7.1 months, P < 0.001). Survival times of patients with visceral metastases were the shortest (OS 8.5 months; PFS 7.5 months). Specifically, patients with primary mucosal lesions had a worse OS (9.7 months) and PFS (6.8 months) than those with acral (19.2 and 15.6 months, respectively) or non-acral primary lesions (11.8 and 11.1 months, respectively). The treatment of advanced melanoma was unitary, and prognoses of patients with metastatic melanoma in China were poor. Visceral metastasis, multiple metastatic sites, and primary mucosal lesions were significant predictors of survival of patients with metastatic melanoma. Those with primary mucosal lesions had significantly worse survivals than those with primary cutaneous lesions. More active involvement in clinical studies and more feedback on various treatment options are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengze Hao
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Tianjin, 300060, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xiaoling Du
- Department of Diagnostic, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Tianjin, 300060, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jilong Yang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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Brys AK, Gowda R, Loriaux DB, Robertson GP, Mosca PJ. Nanotechnology-based strategies for combating toxicity and resistance in melanoma therapy. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:565-577. [PMID: 26826558 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Drug toxicity and resistance remain formidable challenges in cancer treatment and represent an area of increasing attention in the case of melanoma. Nanotechnology represents a paradigm-shifting field with the potential to mitigate drug resistance while improving drug delivery and minimizing toxicity. Recent clinical and pre-clinical studies have demonstrated how a diverse array of nanoparticles may be harnessed to circumvent known mechanisms of drug resistance in melanoma to improve therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we discuss known mechanisms of resistance to various melanoma therapies and possible nanotechnology-based strategies that could be used to overcome these barriers and improve the pharmacologic arsenal available to combat advanced stage melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam K Brys
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Raghavendra Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Daniel B Loriaux
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Paul J Mosca
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
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Vikingsson S, Strömqvist M, Svedberg A, Hansson J, Höiom V, Gréen H. Novel rapid liquid chromatography tandem masspectrometry method for vemurafenib and metabolites in human plasma, including metabolite concentrations at steady state. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1234-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svante Vikingsson
- Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Drug Research, Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; SE 581 85 Linköping Sweden
| | - Malin Strömqvist
- Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Drug Research, Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; SE 581 85 Linköping Sweden
- Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology; National Board of Forensic Medicine; SE 587 58 Linköping Sweden
| | - Anna Svedberg
- Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Drug Research, Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; SE 581 85 Linköping Sweden
| | - Johan Hansson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital Solna; SE 171 64 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Veronica Höiom
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital Solna; SE 171 64 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Henrik Gréen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Drug Research, Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; SE 581 85 Linköping Sweden
- Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology; National Board of Forensic Medicine; SE 587 58 Linköping Sweden
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Evaluation of Melanoma Features and Their Relationship with Nodal Disease: The Importance of the Pathological Report. TUMORI JOURNAL 2015; 101:501-5. [DOI: 10.5301/tj.5000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The pathological features of melanoma biopsies can provide significant prognostic information that can help the surgeon evaluate the risk of nodal disease. The aim of this study was to attempt to determine the relationship between pathological features of primary melanoma and nodal disease, by sentinel node biopsy (SNB) and complete node dissection (CND). Methods A retrospective analysis was completed of patients who underwent SNB at AC Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil, between 2000 and 2010. Results A total of 697 patients were evaluated. By univariate analysis, it was found that histology, Clark level, Breslow depth, mitotic index, ulceration, regression, lymphatic and perineural invasion and satellitosis were significantly associated with SNB positivity. In the multivariate analysis, it was found that Breslow depth, mitotic index, ulceration, regression, lymphatic invasion and satellitosis were significant factors. In patients with a positive SNB, the primary tumor site, Clark level and Breslow depth greater than 2 mm were significantly related to non-sentinel node (NSN) positivity by univariate analysis. By multivariate analysis, Breslow depth greater than 2 mm was the only primary tumor feature that was significantly related (p = 0.038). Conclusions The indication of SNB should not be based solely on Breslow depth and ulceration or mitotic index. A complete evaluation of the pathological report should improve the identification of high-risk patients.
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Noguchi S, Mori T, Igase M, Mizuno T. A novel apoptosis-inducing mechanism of 5-aza-2′-deoxycitidine in melanoma cells: Demethylation of TNF-α and activation of FOXO1. Cancer Lett 2015; 369:344-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zou Z, Yin Y, Lin J, Hsu LCJ, Brandon VL, Yang F, Jove R, Jandial R, Li G, Chen MY. Convection-enhanced delivery of sorafenib and suppression of tumor progression in a murine model of brain melanoma through the inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. J Neurosurg 2015; 124:1310-8. [PMID: 26544779 DOI: 10.3171/2015.3.jns132040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Despite recent advances, metastatic melanoma remains a terminal disease, in which life-threatening brain metastasis occurs in approximately half of patients. Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor that induces apoptosis of melanoma cells in vitro. However, systemic administration has been ineffective because adequate tissue concentrations cannot be achieved. This study investigated if convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of sorafenib would enhance tumor control and survival via inhibition of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) pathway in a murine model of metastatic brain melanoma. METHODS Melanoma cells treated with sorafenib in vitro were examined for signaling and survival changes. The effect of sorafenib given by CED was assessed by bioluminescent imaging and animal survival. RESULTS The results showed that sorafenib induced cell death in the 4 established melanoma cell lines and in 1 primary cultured melanoma cell line. Sorafenib inhibited Stat3 phosphorylation in HTB65, WYC1, and B16 cells. Accordingly, sorafenib treatment also decreased expression of Mcl-1 mRNA in melanoma cell lines. Because sorafenib targets multiple pathways, the present study demonstrated the contribution of the Stat3 pathway by showing that mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) Stat3 +/+ cells were significantly more sensitive to sorafenib than MEF Stat3 -/- cells. In the murine model of melanoma brain metastasis used in this study, CED of sorafenib increased survival by 150% in the treatment group compared with animals receiving the vehicle control (p < 0.01). CED of sorafenib also significantly abrogated tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS The data from this study indicate that local delivery of sorafenib effectively controls brain melanoma. These findings validate further investigation of the use of CED to distribute molecularly targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Zou
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California; and
| | - Yufang Yin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California; and
| | - Jenny Lin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California; and
| | - Li-Chen J Hsu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California; and
| | - Vanessa L Brandon
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California; and
| | - Fan Yang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California; and
| | - Richard Jove
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California; and
| | - Rahul Jandial
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California; and
| | - Gang Li
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, China
| | - Mike Y Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California; and
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Michielin O, Hoeller C. Gaining momentum: New options and opportunities for the treatment of advanced melanoma. Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 41:660-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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